Kompost Generation

INCORPORATED

TABLE OF CONTENTS SERVICE DESIGNERS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BUSINESS DESCRIPTION BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS

INDUSTRY BACKGROUND TRENDS ANALYSIS

SERVICE OFFERING COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE BLUE OCEAN ANALYSIS

MARKET ANALYSIS MARKET SEGMENTATIONS

OPERATIONS PLAN KGEN COMPOST LOGISTICS

MARKETING PLAN SERVICE MANAGEMENT EMPLOYMENT STRATEGIES

FINANCIAL PLAN DASHBOARD

SERVICE DESIGNERS

Zack White is a Service Design major at Savannah College of Art and Design with a minor in Graphic Design. He is passionate about the study of experiences and offering the best potential to those who are partaking in the ones he designs for. He considers himself an entrepreneur that started a company with a friend at the beginning of college. It fundamental mission is to provide timeless experiences. He believe you are what you take from this world so pour your heart into designing it.

Jose Mario Berteo is a Service Designer at Savannah College of Art and Design. He is originally from Bolivia and extremely passionate about his heritage. He has always been interested in design, coding, and interaction design. Service Design has opened his eyes to numerous possibilities. Jose believes in the power of now, grasp at anything while can because you’ll never know when it will go.

João Brüning is a Brazilian Service and Industrial Designer. He is passionate about numerous design practices including the importance of research, usercentered design and the creative process as a whole. After completing 4 years in manufacturing glass as project manager and management assistant, he has acquired numerous skills through real life experience. While working with a small company, he was able to truly learn the evolution of business goals. The different realities from a third world country to the foremost economic country have helped me create a mentality to see new opportunities and success adventures.

Paige Roche is a Service Designer at Savannah College of Art and Design.

She is most inspired by empathic design and social innovation design. She feels most creative when life is unpredictable. Traveling is one her passions therefore always keeps her passport close. She believes that life is about having as many experiences as you can along with the best attitude and outlook. She is very excited for her future creative endeavors. “Design creates culture, culture shapes values, values determine the future.”

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Kompost Generation was born out of curiosity. Four entrepreneurial, likeminded individuals at Savannah College of Art and Design created Kompost Generation to act big in a small setting. As Service Designers, it is our responsibility to take on real-world problems and create effective solutions.

In the United States, Americans dump over over 7.1 billion of food waste every year which collects in landfills which releases extreme amounts of methane.

KGen’s founders recognized a gap between the services available and the need for a service that offers the collection of biodegradable waste to be used as a product for growth that directly impacts the people that use help sustain the company itself.

Savannah, Georgia is home to a variety of green individuals with sustainable mindsets that grow local, buy local, and eat local. The inspiration of Kompost Generation spawned from the realization of Savannah’s improper waste disposal system and the astronomical amount of food waste the United States generates as a whole. After extensive amounts of research to confirm the economical pursuit of this company, Sustainable Enterprises Media Inc. stated that taking on a reliable waste stream is turning into the most valuable soilamendment.

Kompost Generation is detailed in logistics and implementation of a complex operation. KGen will partner with local schools for the collection of biodegradable waste in addition to educational programs on proper disposal of waste. We will provide the knowledge and action of community gardens with our soil to support citizens to further the start of repurposing food waste in one’s home. KGen’s key differentiator from their competitors is the combination of a unique compost recipe and a dual process system. Another key partner is Savannah’s Coastal State Prison to allow inmates to work in a ‘free world’

occupation and earn the prevailing wage. We believe in being an advocate for prisoners to offset the chance of incarceration, generate an income to support their families, increase inmate’s job skills, and the transition back into society.

Our targeted customer segments are local farmers, agriculturists, landscapers, civic work projects, landfill coverers, and biofilters. After two full seasons, we expect to sell 6,864 tons of compost at $50.00 which totals to $343,182.15. We are expected to profit after 7 seasons once we sell 23,814 tons of compost at $50.00 which totals to $1,190,719.74. Overall, we aim for our product to enrich the soil market while bringing inherent good to it’s community and thoughtful corporate social responsibility.

The United States food waste can be a solvable problem. According to a report by the Natural Resources Defense Council, today around 40% of the food in the United States is discarded. The amount of food producers, sellers and consumers throw out has increased by around 50% since the 1970’s. Another less obvious problem is how all the labor and natural resources that went into making the food are thrown away alongside with it. This waste ultimately reaches a landfill, decomposed in aerobic conditions and releases dangerous methane gasses.

Kompost Generation hopes to initiate change. By simply collecting biodegradable waste and transforming it into sustainable soil we aim to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste reaching landfills. Composting is the process of breaking down organic biodegradable waste into healthy, fertile soil. In order to so, we will start by working with local schools and correctional facilities. We understand there is change of mindset, behavior, and attitude towards our earth’s future that needs to be established. Collection and management of waste will be incorporated, as well as an educational system to inform people on how to properly dispose of waste. We ultimately aim to provide education and offer supported resources to citizens with a sustainable mindset. KGEN’s soil will be beneficial for local farmers, agriculturalists, civic works projects, landscapers, landfill coverers, etc.

This business model is a complex system that provides value to various different entities including the environment, waste management services, local and commercial farmers, schools, correctional facilities and the United States Department of Agriculture.

BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS V.7 SERV 421 - Paige, Zack, Joao, Jose

Key Partners - Georgia Poultry Federation Litter Market - Recycler’s Exchange - US Composting Council - Member of Georgia Organics

Key Activities - Collecting waste - Manufacturing compost - Selling soil - Education on repurposed food waste in schools and prisons

- Georgia Recycled Organics Council

Key Resources

Value Proposition To establish partnerships with local schools and prisons by implementing educational programs for the proper disposal of biodegradable waste, while collecting and repurposing the waste into rich nutrient compost soil.

To sell high quality compost soil.

Customer Relationships - Accesibility - Fund Community gardens & provide compost soil - Volunteer Events (Demonstration and awareness seminars) - Inmates transition back into society

- Facility & Equipment

- Website

- Local schools

- Transportation

- Social Media

- Waste bins - Prison Industry Enchancement Certification Program (PIECP)

- Local Schools & Prisons (subsidized users) - Local farmers, agriculturalists, landscapers nurseries/silviculture, civic works project, landfill coverers, and biofiltering

Channels

- Georgia Recycling Coalition Inc.

- Local Private Prisons

Customer Segments

- Promotional material - Cultural education (programs & volunteer opportunities) - Prison Rehabilitation programs

Cost Structure

Revenue Streams

- Facility / Equipment

- Compost testing

- Manufacturing of Compost

- Employee salaries

- Transportation (Collection & dropoff)

- Website maintenance & general assistance

- Nutrient rich compost

- Diposal bins

The Business Model Canvas is a strategic management tool that can help develop a new business by identifying the nine elements in each category: customer segments, value propositions, customer relationships, channels, revenue streams, key partners, key activities, key resources, and the cost structure.

BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Our business model consists of two main customer segments. The local schools and nearby prisons are our subsidized users, as well as our key partners. The value proposition is to establish these partnerships with local schools and prisons by implementing educational programs for the proper disposal of biodegradable waste, while collecting and repurposing the waste into rich nutrient compost soil. By subsidizing these segments, we can outsource other raw biodegradable materials (chicken manure, woodmeal, sawdust, rockdust) to enhance our soil which will be our main differentiator. The main channels our service will be provided include our website, social media, promotional material, cultural education and volunteer programs, and prison rehabilitation programs.

The key resources for our business include the facility, equipment, transportation, waste bins and the Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP) which allows inmates to work for a private employer in a ‘free world’ occupation and earn the prevailing wage. The customer relationships factors we aim to offer include accessibility of service, to fund community gardens while providing compost soil, offer volunteer opportunities to strengthen a sustainability mindset, and to help the inmates transition back into society easily. KGen’s key activities consist of collecting biodegradable waste from both users in our service while implementing the proper education on waste disposal.

Our main customer segment to whom we are selling high quality compost soil to include local farmers, agriculturists, civic work projects, landscapers, landfill coverers, and biofilters. In-facility key activities include manufacturing and selling this high nutrient soil. We aim to establish accessibility of our product and create meaningful relationships with our customers. Our key partners include the Coastal State Prison, Georgia Poultry Federation Litter Market, Recycler’s Exchange, US Composting Council, Member of Georgia Organics, Georgia Recycled Organics Council, and Georgia Recycling Coalition Inc & our . These partners offer our company outsourced raw materials for our compost recipe and foundations help us gain credibility and assurance in our product. The cost structure breakdown includes the purchase of proper facility, equipment, manufacturing of compost, transportation (collection and drop-off of waste), disposal bins for schools and prisons, seasonally compost testing (awarded by one of our key partners, US Composting Council), employee salaries, and website maintenance with general assistance.

BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Food

Collection

Education

Manufacturing

KGen Lifecycle

Delivery

Selling

BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Trends Analysis The United Nations proclaimed the year, 2015 as the “International Year of Soil.” In summary, the compost product is popular in commercial (or professional) applications, as well as in retail (or homeowner) applications. Meaning there is a likely chance the soil blend market will continue to expand and has been at a sustainable rate on an annual basis. If the market is to continue to expand, constant education is required.

Educating the marketplace regarding the importance of soil health or overall quality compost products is a first priority due to the extended implications of mitigating a variety of environmental problems. This opens the opportunity to get more crop and application specific for more product potential and overall market expansion. As a population we have seen more willingness to accept sustainable lifestyles and day to day decisions that aren’t only self-serving.

The potential to conserve and apply organic matter to the soil can both reduce irrigation requirements and improve storm water penetration a tremendous amount.

Overall this will reduce the impacts of both droughts and flood. Therefore if the right people get the proper education compost products will improve in quality and have less environmental impact.

INDUSTRY BACKGROUND

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

24 2015

Revenue (USD Billion)

39.5

Global Soil Treatment Market, 2015 - 2021 (USD Billion)

Source: Zion Research Analysis 2016

INDUSTRY BACKGROUND

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Amount of waste diverted from dumps

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Educational programs of proper disposal

Rehabilitation programs for inmates

Communication & information platform

Subsidized pick up

Compost Creation

Facilitating transition of prisoners back into society

Nutrient rich compost soil

Facility & equipment

Communication & information platform

Rehabilitation programs for inmates

Compost calculator/totals C;N ratio

Local community activities

EcoLabel

The Service Offering is a visual tool that allows the company to identify the core service they are offering to the users, how they can access it and the enhancing services that go along with it. Kompost Generation offers two core value offerings, both working symbiotically, while being offered to different entities.

The first core offering is the collection of compostable material provided by local schools and prisons that are enrolled in our waste collection program. The second is the compost creation that will manufactured at our facility which will pertain to both of our customer segments. The collection of compostable materials is followed by four enabling services starting with our

provision of separate disposal bins to allow the proper disposal of waste, this also sorts the waste from the beginning which will save us time and resources.

The second enabling service is our rehabilitation programs which allows inmates to work for a private employer in a ‘free world’ occupation and earn the prevailing wage. This program will DADADA enable prisoners to make a contribution to society, offset the chance of incarceration, generate an income to support their families, reduce prison idleness, increase inmate’s job skills, and the transition back into society.

The third enabling service will be the amount of communication and

information on our virtual platforms and the community. The final enabling service is our transportation and equipment which makes the collection and delivery of products possible. The enhancing services offered to schools and prisons include an EcoLabel, which gives the organization proper recognition of their contribution to a sustainable practices.

The enabling services are similar to our user offerings: collection of compostable waste, communication & information platform, rehabilitation programs for inmates, and facility and equipment.

Each enabling service factor play a major role in our business, without one the process could not occur.

Educational programs will be provided in schools for proper disposal of waste and its separation hoping to cause enough impact that the students, faculty, etc will use these practices in their own homes. Another enhancing factor would be the facilitation for the transition of prisoners back into society. Kompost Generation hopes to reduce the probability for recently released inmates becoming homeless.

By providing these ex-convicts with first chance and an income, they can manage to afford a home and avoid the streets.

The enhancing services are preceded by only three enhancing services. We plan to document the amount of waste we are personally diverting from dumps which directly represents our ecological footprint reduction and correlates with the impact we cause. Then Kompost Generation would also provide a compost calculator that can total our customer’s desired C:N ratio of compost. These service enhancers allow customers to order in exact quantities, reducing waste and resources spent. Our final enhancing service pertains to the local community of Savannah.

Next we have our subsidized our users/ key partners (schools and prisons) to collection their waste for free in return of educational programs and community gardens. Once all materials are collected, the compost creation process can begin. This is our final enhancing service which then expands since it happens to be our second core offering.

The second core offering specifically pertains to our potential customers. The core service/product KGEN is offering is nutrient rich compost soil.

We plan to offer numerous community activity events like picnics, gardens, public announcements, fundraisers, etc to spread awareness and ultimately a change of mindset when it comes to food waste. These factors pertain to a sustainable mindset, attitude, and behavior that is appreciated by fellow green businesses. KGEN aims to serve as an activist, educator, and facilitator in the Savannah community.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

Currently, our main competitor in Savannah, Georgia is the composting company Grow.Eat.Repeat. They divert over seven tons of food waste from landfills each month. As of right now, their target customer are local businesses. Their overall goal is to increase awareness through partnerships with restaurants and schools to help decrease waste and improve the soil quality in Savannah. They offer both residential and commercial pick-up plans and distribute gallon buckets and bins to pick up waste twice a week to compost. Local farms, landscaping companies, and agriculturists have an interest in compost creation because of growing demand for organic material in society.

Longwood Plantation is a privately owned farm that was established in 1820 in Screven County, Georgia. They supply organically-based compost and various soils for gardening and turf management needs. Their additional raw materials in their compost include cotton gin waste, chicken litter, peat humus, woodmeal, and rockdust. Their customers are organic growers, farm and gardening suppliers, golf courses, turf farms, government institutions, landscapers, nurseries, tree farms, sod installers, bio-filtration companies, and individuals. They have worked with Whole Foods in Atlanta, Georgia for two years to decrease the amount of food waste for repurposization. They offer an organic compost, a conventional humified compost, and a biodynamic compost.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

Wilbros Organic Recovery is a private company in Tocca, Georgia that strictly focuses on organic waste recovery treatment. They also focus on diverting these recoverable materials away from landfills and incineration. Their overall goal is to offer “environmentally responsible alternatives” to their customers. Most compost companies embody sustainability practices and work towards lessening their carbon footprint as a whole. Wilbros believes that it is humanity’s responsibility to better our environment. “By incorporate ecologically intelligent design we can help industries that “take, make, and waste” become more ecologically, socially, and economically valuable.”

Soil 3 is a manufacturing compost company that began in Fort Valley, Georgia with a few other locations. They offer various blends of rich soil and more specifically, rich compost soil. Soil 3 is made from 100% natural, organic products gathered from on-farm-- grass clippings from sod farm, wheat straw from the farm, and cow manure from their local dairy. They create a humus compost, which has all natural decomposable materials that make the soil organic and long lasting which only takes a matter of months per batch. Their products are sold at Super-Sod Outlets in the Southeast (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and North Florida.) They seem to have a consistent amount of customers due to their marketing strategies such as offering free deliveries of soil to areas around all their locations.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS

New Entries

Very low barriers to entry (abundant key resource) Little geographic resistance Increase demand of waste separation

Existing Competitors Suppliers

7.1 Billion pounds of food waste generated - 3.5% recycled as fertilizer 2% composted

Numerous suppliers in local area (school systems - private & public)

Wilbros Organic Recovery Soil 3 Grow Eat Repeat Longwood Plantation

Huge growth potential Hospitals, restaurants, supermarkets

Substitution

- More economic -> Low switching cost - Has a higher enviormental impact than composting

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

Buyers

Agriculturalists, nurseries/silviculture, civic works project, landscapers, landfill coverers, and biofiltering High bargaining power, many options available

This Five Forces Analysis identifies and analyzes the competition within the composting industry. This chart shows the competitive rivalry, buyer power, threat of new entries, supplier power, and chance of substitution within industry. Currently, the United States has measured a 40% food waste that resides in a dump. Over 7.1 billion pounds of food waste is generated and only 3.5% is fertilized and 2% composted.

Overtime, this waste collects dangerous methane emissions in landfills. An abundance of resources including time, water, and space are being wasted. We see great opportunity considering our competitors only manage to recycle 3.5% as fertilizer and only manage to compost 2.0% of it. Given this information, there is an abundance of food waste which can be repurposed as compostable goods. Kompost Generations main buyers would include agriculturalists, nurseries/silviculture, civic works projects, landscapers, and landfill coverers.

All of them posses a high bargaining power, considering they have many options available when it comes to purchasing compost. K-Gen’s suppliers would consist of local schools and prisons, both generating key material required for the creation of compost.

We also see a huge growth potential when it comes to expanding to hospitals, restaurants, supermarkets since they all deal with massive amounts of food waste. When it comes to our substitution we could easily be replaced by a company who offers a more economic product, since we subsidize our pick up, it would be a relatively low switching cost. Another substitution could occur if a product or service which yielded a higher environmental impact emerged. The new entries show us that the industry has very low barriers for entry since there is an abundant key resource and very little geographic resistance in comparison to other industrial companies. Kompost Generation could be overshadowed by and increase demand of waste separation.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE MODELS The Competitive Landscape models form an analysis on the key competitor factors.

This helps our company understand each strengths and weaknesses and strategize an improvement plan which can develop into key differentiators.

High Product Diversity

1 Prodcut Diversity vs Product Price

Grow, Eat, Repeat Savannah, GA

Longwood Plantation Screven, GA

Low Product Price

High Product Price

Soil3 Fort Valley, GA

Wilbros Organic Recovery Tocca, GA

Low Product Diversity

The first model measures both the product diversity and product price amongst our competitors. Wilbros Organic Recovery has the highest product diversity, reaching a total of 3 different products, yet they still only the the 3rd most expensive option. Soil3 has the second most with 2 products to choose from and the most expensive product reaching $162.00 a cubic yard. Longwood Plantation has a cheaper product than Soil3 but only offers 1 product just like Eat, Grow, Repeat which happens to offer the cheapest compost in between them all.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

Compost Sold High

2 Compost Sold vs Waste Diverted

Grow, Eat, Repeat Savannah, GA

Longwood Plantation Screven, GA

Waste Diverted Low

Waste Diverted High

Soil3 Fort Valley, GA

Wilbros Organic Recovery Tocca, GA

Compost Sold Low

The second model analyzes the amount of compost sold and the amount of waste diverted from the landfills. Soil3 was a leader in both selling the most amount of compost, directly correlating to how much waste they are diverting. Wilbros Organic Recovery diverts less waste and consequently sells a smaller amount of compost every year. Longwood Plantation does not quite reach the amount of waste Wilbros Organic Recovery diverts, this means they are selling as much either. The last company is Eat, Grow, Repeat again being a small local company.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

BLUE OCEAN ANALYSIS High

Kompost Generation Savannah, GA

Grow, Eat, Repeat Savannah, GA

Longwood Plantation Screven, GA

Soil3 Fort Valley, GA

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The Blue Ocean Strategy locate areas where our competitors lack, more or less the areas where we as a company could improve upon and define as our differentiators. We visualized the amount of waste each company diverted from the landfills every year, the amount of products they sell and their price, the number of customers they each have as well as facility size and the amount of platforms they use to communicate and/or advertise.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

Our competitors range from small to large companies ranging in four nearby states. For example, Soil3 is a large company compared to a small locally owned business like Eat, Grow, Repeat. Although we would like to essentially improve upon each, we can’t possibly take on the amount that Soil3 has as of right now. We most certainly aim to increase what our second highest competitor, Wilbros Organic Recovery, manages to divert every year.

Product Diversity is not very popular within this industry, therefore we decided to maintain a single product like most of our competitors, except Wilbros Organic Recovery which offers a wide variety of different composts including biodynamic.

The competitors prices are where we first saw an opportunity to fill a gap. Our competitors sell a rather expensive product in comparison to our price expect for Soil3 which sells 1 cubic yard of compost for $162. Kompost Generation will be pricing $50 per cubic yard/ ton depending on the location.

We have identified the size of our competitors, which shows us the amount of customers they have and the size of their facility. Even though our facility will be starting out small, we aim to manufacture around the clock and consistently sell our product by reaching out to numerous green businesses.

After research of each company’s communication platform, each and every website seem to be lacking in all areas. Kompost Generation plans to have various different platforms to access numerous users and customers. On these platforms, we will be promoting our educational programs, rehabilitation programs for inmates, spreading awareness on sustainability and local events to attend. We recognize that we have the opportunity to become established in the community of Savannah and ultimately change behaviors and mindsets. We will strive in this category far more than the other competitors.

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

MARKET ANALYSIS Demographic Segmentation Farmers / Agriculturists • Potential companies: • Gratitude Gardens • Tasty Farms • Crest Hill Farms • Bethesda Academy Farm & Gardens • Heritage Organic Farm • Joseph Fields Farm • Frali Gourmet Landscapers • Tidewater Landscape Inc • Hutton’s Landscapes Inc • Chatham Property Maintenance • Verdant Enterprises, LLC • American Landscape Services • Nature’s Way • Nelson Group • John Glenn Landscapes Inc • Zipper Land Management Inc

Income levels Less than $1000 // 16 $1,000 - $2,499 // 1 $2,500 - $4999 // 1 $5,000 - $9,999 // 6 $10,000 - $19,999 // 1 $20,000 - $24,999 // -2 $25,000 - $39,999 // 2 $40,000 - $49,999 // 1 $50,000 - $99,999 // 3 $100,000 - $249,999 // 1 $250,000 - $499,999 // 2 $500,000 - more // 1

Operator Characteristics Principal operators by primary occupation) • Farming // 20 • Landscapers // 7 • Agriculturists // 5 Principal operators by sex • Male // 26 • Female // 9

All operators by race • Asian // - 3 • Black or African American // 7 • White // 54 Gender & Age • %78 male service providers • Average age - 46

Psychographic Segmentation Lifestyle • Conscious being (Vegan, Vegetarian), wishes to reduce ecological footprint, Go Green & Recycle train of thought, healthy food consumer. Local Farmer, Community Garden Member, Plant owner, Garden Owner Attitude • Loves the planet, smart individuals, pro Green, self sustainable Beliefs • Global warming. Food waste and hunger is a problem, by reducing one we can solve several.

Personality • Conventionals, practical, intelligent, social yet independant (self sustainable) Buying Motives • Green thumb, Plant owner, food concious, hunger reduction, methane reduction Educational • cyclical - sustainability

Geographic Segmentation Country - United States State - Georgia City - Savannah County - Chatham Population - 145,674

OPERATIONS PLAN KGEN COMPOST

Kompost Generation Compost Recipe: Raw materials (C:N Ratios)

GREEN Materials Food scraps...................................................... 20:1 Grass clippings................................................. 20:1 Manure............................................................. 15:1 Pulled weeds.................................................... 30:1

BROWN Materials Dry leaves.........................................................60:1 Wood chips......................................................400:1 Newspaper.......................................................175:1

7.1

BILLION lbs of food waste EVERY YEAR

& only 2% is composted

LOGISTICS In the logistics of running a compost company, the collection of all raw materials is an initial key factor. It is absolutely necessary to gather both green and brown materials to conduct our compost process. The recipe of our compost product consists of both green and brown raw materials--food scraps, newspaper, grass clippings, pulled weeds, dry leaves, chicken manure, woodmeal, biochar and rockdust.

There are a few products we will have to outsource which are the chicken manure, woodmeal, and sawdust from local businesses. The chicken litter will be purchased from Georgia Poultry Federation Litter Market at every 2,000 tons for $35 including delivery.

Recycler’s Exchange is an online platform that matches buyers and sellers needs for

scrap prices of bulk materials. KGen will be purchasing wood chips and sawdust directly from this listing from Calhoun, Georgia which will reduce shipping costs. We will be purchasing 3.000,00 tons for $10 per ton. KGen will provide disposal bins for everyone to properly dispose of their waste in schools and prisons. We will be subsidizing both the schools and prisons in our business model due to the fact that they provide the materials we need to conduct our business. Our employees will be picking up the waste from these organizations twice a week. The waste will be brought to our facility and separated accordingly. This will be done in clearly labeled areas at the staging portion of our facility. In the staging areas we will break the materials down from green material vs brown material and carbon to nitrogen ratio. This will simplify the process of the people making decisions on how to put the materials in the compost and make it easier for the front loader to take the material over to the windrows.

FACILITY

Once the materials are sorted and in the process of dry decomposition, the manufacturing of the compost can begin. This pre-process takes anywhere from 4-8 weeks depending on the product. We will be conducting a biodynamic, windrow compost process which is an advanced organic farming system that emphasizes on repurposing food waste, recycling animal manures, stabilizing nitrogen, rich humus, and enhancing soil health in it’s entirety. Windrow composting is known as the most common method but by combining the biodynamic processes this will reduce the use of machinery and enrich the soil with various nutrients. This is a main differentiator from our competitors products. Windrow composting involves stacking raw materials into long piles that are turned regularly with a front-end loader, bucket loader or special compost turner. The advantages of windrow composting are that it requires no source of electricity; windrows can be built in the fields, where the compost will be used; and farmers can usually use existing equipment to make and maintain the piles. On the other hand, farmers must monitor the pile temperature more than often to avoid odor problems and ensure that the ingredients are composting properly. The standard biodynamic, windrow compost pile will take a minimum of 90 days to set.

OPERATIONS PLAN

On site in our facility, we will be testing our compost through the duration of those 90 days. We need to maintain the quality of curing. Curing is the process of making sure the compost is chemically stable and meeting set standards of acidity, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, water, and other vital considerations of compost. If these levels are not met the compost will be adjusted to reach the highest quality we deliver.

The Proper Conditions for Organic Composting •

An adequate supply of oxygen for microbial respiration (approx. 5% of the pore space in the starting material should contain air)

•

A moisture content between 40% and 65%

•

Particle size of composting materials of approx. 1/8-inch to 2 inches in diameter

•

A carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio between 25:1 and 40:1 is considered standard

When the manufacturing process is complete, we will be sending in samples of our compost periodically to the US Composting Council for (TMECC) Test Method for the Examination of Composting Compost. This test provides a detailed protocols to sample, monitor, and analyze materials at all stages in our composting process in order to verify the physical, chemical, and biological health of the soil. This test uses standardized methods that are universally well-known in the compost industry which establishes credibility and assurance.

After the approval of our compost, the compost will be packaged into large bags and ready for distribution. Our main customer segments include local farmers, agriculturists, civic work projects, landscapers, landfill coverers, and biofilters.

Therefore, we will actively reach out to local businesses with our marketing tactics explained in the Marketing Plan.

OPERATIONS PLAN

MARKETING PLAN As of right now, KGEN will be creating 1 type of biodynamic, windrowed compost. Our market segmentations include local farmers, landscapers, and agriculturists. When inquiring about our product/service we will offer a free compost consultation session to further discuss their soil needs as a whole. Ultimately, we are delivering the honest truth that our compost product will enhance their end product that is cultivated. In order to meet our market’ needs, we will generate specific requests when creating a batch.

This means we will have a product with specific intentions in mind that have recipes geared towards the farmers end goal. Since we are working in a small geographic setting, this gives our company the flexibility to establish a relationship with local farmers, landscapers, and agriculturists to provide a product that specifically meet their needs.

KGEN Compost can only be purchased by the ton. The standard price starts at $50 depending on the location.

The platforms to where our product can be purchases include Kompost

Generation’s website, other third party sellers websites, farmers markets, resellers, schools, and local events.

To ensure that our customers are satisfied with our product, we plan to further the service after 2 weeks of their purchase with a phone call and emailed survey in order to receive customer feedback on our product.

The awareness of composting and repurposing food waste is beneficial for not only the local farmers but for families and citizens. We intend to build awareness on repurposing food waste in the local community of Savannah by providing proper separation bins in school systems and prisons. The implementation of sustainability programs will be established with access to community compost gardens funded and supplied

by Kompost Generation. By offering these hands on learning courses we hope to instill habits and common nature into the children, teachers, and faculty members to continue these practices in their own home. Let alone, the visibility of our waste separation and compostable soil will change of focus of food waste and start to develop an eco-conscious mentality.

For promotion, we partnered with major organizations that are key partners in our business plan. These include the US Composting Council, Georgia Organics, and Georgia Recycling Coalition, and Georgia Recycled Organics Council. By participating in events and organizations such as Keep Georgia Beautiful Foundation, the community can continue to nurture a sustainable mindset by educating the people not previously affiliated with these opportunities and offer others already interested another form of continuing their practices. The visibility of these organizations on our website and bags gives us credibility and assurance on our product.

In order to reach all green companies that could benefit from compostable soil, we plan to incorporate strategic advertising on platforms such as radio, print, web, and television focused around the Chatham area so our target markets will further recognize our company. We want to create a network in Savannah, GA of volunteers and participants to further develop our goal as a company.

Another option for promotion we plan to incorporate that can often be overlooked is employees. These employees will either have the inherent knowledge or be taught about our services to be able to describe them and the processes behind them.

We find that the more people that know these more sustainable options exist the better off the company and our environment will be.

The local community of Savannah already has a sustainable mindset in place, of course not everyone but the vast majority are interested in sustainable practices and organic choices. Overall, local businesses and producers provide listings of locally grown organic food. Why not go one step further and help transition this waste into nutritious soil for one’s food to be grown with.

For specific sales opportunities we will include at our facility the options that involve having a shop to be able to purchase small eco-conscious branding material. This we predict to be purchased by our target audience and implemented in their facilities

or seemlessly integrated in their daily lives serving as subtle promotion to draw attention to our brand.

Furthermore, our facility will also showcase exhibitions of our products in use comparatively to alternative options ensuring that consumers or clients coming to our facilities potentially using our services have knowledge about the value it can bring them. This also will be a good for word of mouth advertising as studies have shown if you can see results you are much more likely to share the experiences that the services rendered.

We are offering all key partners and customers a KGEN EcoLabel, which is an indicator that such organization is involved in sustainable practices. We feel that it is necessary to give. organizations the proper recognition of their behaviors. Ecolabeling is an effective way to inform customers about the environmental impacts, establish awareness of the issue and spread visibility of such business promoting energy efficiency, waste minimization and product stewardship.

MARKETING PLAN

Goals: Acquire 8 clientele within first year for each both farming and landscaping markets.

Sell 200 tons of compost.

Acquire 15% of the market for composting in the Savannah region.

Pricing Strategy: Pricing plans for product per ton ~ $50/ton We are targeting a compost volume market (ex companies: agriculture, nurseries/ silviculture, sod, turfgrass, civic works project, landscapers, topsoil, landfill coverers, and biofiltering.) Meaning that our customers are willing to purchase large amounts but unwilling to pay a high price per unit.

For additional information, refer to our marketing plan.

Budget: $15,000 Marketing Expenditures: Advertising on WBMQ - $23 per 30 second ad / $3000 per month (4 months) Facebook - $1,120 per month (2 months) Billboard - $6,000 per month (one month) Postcards - $23 for 500 (12 months) Email - $120 per month (12 months) Cost: $12,960 Timeline: Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Billboard Radio Ads Postcards Emails Facebook

MARKETING PLAN

SERVICE MANAGEMENT EMPLOYMENT STRATEGIES Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP) KGEN will be implementing the Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP) which allows inmates to work for a private employer in a ‘free world’ occupation and earn the prevailing wage. This program will enable prisoners to make a contribution to society, offset the chance of incarceration, generate an income to support their families, reduce prison idleness, increase inmate’s job skills, and the transition back into society. KGEN will establish a private business-to-private business key partnership with prisons to provide inmates a stable and readily available workforce. The criteria needed for program participation must consider all nine categories: eligibility, wages, non-inmate worker displacement, benefits, deductions, voluntary participation, consultation with organized labor, consultation with local private industry, and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) This program will be viewed as an incentive for inmates. Traditional industries (TI) job in a prison will usually offer a wage of $0.25/hour. KGEN will be offering employees the minimum wage of the state of Georgia, $7.25. Our rehabilitation program will allow inmates with the desired characteristics to work through four stages of our employment and once discharged from prison they will be given an opportunity to work for our company with a bonus. By creating these discharge programs with the criminal justice system it can reduce homelessness or shelter living, increase food awareness, and education on repurposing materials for a better use.

Inmates key jobs will be the transportation of pre-sorted food waste from schools and prisons to facility, gathering raw materials on site such as dry leaves and/or grass clippings, the separation of all materials into piles, the manufacturing of raw materials using various equipment, and will be taught the proper biodynamic composting processes.

Employees Key Activities Zoning and siting compost area This first step will require to plan and zone the division of our desired land with the local government in Georgia. We are aware that compost generates odors according to the weather and season so it is important to factor in proximity of potential neighbors. Also, considering the proximity of the prison in order to allow the transformation of inmates to be feasible. The expansion of land is also important to consider for future expansion.

Facility operators and management training Our management team will offer training programs in prisons that will cover compost basics, good management practices, and overall proper operations. There will be training courses held at the prison with a test resulting the proper candidates that will fit best with our company.

Health and safety training Safety, fire, and emergency plans will be in place in a facility plan of operations. The proper individual protective equipment will be provided to protect the body. These items include goggles, helmets, hearing protection, gloves, safety shoes, and disposable coveralls.

Manage compost piles The capacity of feedstock is a major consideration of ours due to the incoming waste, feedstocks, raw materials, and sorted recyclable material are all matters to take into consideration.

C : N Ratio

Pile size Curing Moisture Aeration

Porosity and particle size

pH levels Changing biofilters The healthy biofilters include microbes that live inside the odor compounds. The air being treated stays in the biofilter for a decent amount of time before it needs to be changed.

Sampling and testing Our facility will have the proper equipment with sampling and testing treatments in order to assure our product can be sold.

SERVICE MANAGEMENT

Departments and Key Job Titles Transportation Department These employees will be in charge of collecting and distributing the raw waste from schools and prisons to our facility.

Contamination will be a main concern and will be treated accordingly.

Gatherers These employees will be on site gatherers collecting raw materials that we need in order to create our compost product. These materials (dry leaves, pulled weeds, and grass clippings) can be found on our land in close proximity to our facility.

Compost Treatment Advisor This person will oversee the testing and curing of the product. The moisture, aeration, temperature, screening, sampling, and testing will be the main concerns for this person. This person will also be in charge of sending various samples to the US Composting Council in order for the product to meet protocol.

Windrow Manager This person will be managing and delegating tasks to the employees to make sure the process of the windrow machines are done properly. Windrow composting, while it is the most common method, is also the most labor-intensive.

Windrow composting involves stacking raw materials into long piles that are turned regularly with a front-end loader, bucket loader or special compost turner.

The advantages of windrow composting are that it requires no source of electricity; windrows can be built in the fields, where the compost will be used; and farmers can usually use existing equipment to make and maintain the piles. On the other hand, farmers must monitor the pile temperature often to avoid odor problems and ensure that the ingredients are composting.

SERVICE MANAGEMENT

FINANCIAL PLAN BALANCE Sheet SHEET Balance Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Current Assets Cash Inventory Accounts receivable Property, plant, & equipment Total

$703,000 $367,255 $143,500 $687,692 $1,901,447

Total Assets

$1,901,447

Current Liabilities Accounts payable Bank loans Taxes Total

$425,898 $550,000 $30,550 $1,006,448

Owners' Equity Paid-in capital Capital Stock (investors) Retained earnings

$153,468 $500,000 $241,531

Total Liabilities + Owners' Equity Net Worth

$1,901,447 894,999

Kompost Generation’s main costs of production come from outsourcing other materials: chicken manure, woodchips, and sawdust ($30,000.) The packaging expenses include the bags and production costs totals to $42,000 and each bag is priced at $3 a unit. The gross margin for the first year of production is 42.20% which concludes at $642,720. Operating expenses include transportation, compost testing, machinery fuel cost, office costs, salaries/wages, maintenance fees, marketing/advertising, and insurance which totals to $341,018. Kompost Generation’s taxes amount to .1% for the property itself and 6% of our annual income. For the first year, our fixed and variable costs total to $400,000. To remain in business we will need to sell 6,864 tons of compost at $50.00 which totals to $343,182.15. KGEN will start profiting once we sell over 23,814 tons of compost at $50.00 which totals to $1,190,719.74.

Profit & Loss Statement CASH FLOW PROJECTION Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

$715,000

$804,375

893,750

Outsourced Raw Materials Chicken manure Wood chip/sawdust Total Packing cost Total cost of sales

$280 $30,000 $30,280 $42,000 $72,280

$315 $33,750 $34,065 $47,250 $81,315

$394 $42,188 $42,581 $59,063 $101,644

Gross profit Gross margin

$301,873

$339,607.12

$377,341.25

$50,000 $3,200 $9,360 $96,000 $153,468 $19,390 $5,000 $4,600 $4,600 $341,018

$56,250 $3,200 $9,360 $110,400 $175,392 $19,390 $7,000 $4,600 $385,592

$62,500 $3,200 $9,360 $120,000 $197,316 $19,390 $9,000 $425,366

A B T T

$39,164

$39,164

$39,164

O

Revenue Sales

Direct Cost of Production

C

Operating Expenses Transportation costs Compost testing cost Machinery fuel cost Office cost (energy, phone, internet) Salaries & wages Maintenance fees Marketing & advertising Insurance cost Total

Administrative Expenses Depriciation & amortization

B

Taxes Property tax Taxes incurred (%) Total

$1,950 $42,900 $44,850

$1,950 $48,263 $50,213

$1,950 $53,625 $55,575

Fixed Cost Variable Cost Total Cost per cubic ton Profit Gross Break even to pay fixed cost Break even to pay all investment

$278,458.00 $134,840.00 $413,298.00 $28.90 42,20% 6,864 ton 23,814 ton

$316,782.00 $150,125.00

$350,306.00 $176,703.75

$343,182.15 $1,190,719.74

C I A P T

T

C

P C R

T

N

Cash Projection StatementCASH Flow FLOW PROJECTION Operating Activities Cash In Bagged Compost Sales Bulk Compost Sales Estimated Total Acheivements Cash Out Labor cost Non-labor processing costs Direct cost of production Total

Year 1 80%

Year 2 90%

Year 3 100%

$536,250 $178,750 $715,000

$603,281.25 $201,094 $804,375

670,313 223,438 $893,750

$153,468 $187,550 $84,880 $289,102

$175,392 $210,200 $95,490 $323,293

$197,316 $228,050 $119,363 $349,021

Investing Activities Land (1.2 acres)

$195,000

Facility Construction Breakdown Compost pad (per acre) Curing & storage (per acre) Collection pond (liner) Wastewater pumping system Total

$21,177 $3,450 $10,000 $12,000 $241,627

$0 $0 $0 $0 $0

$0 $0 $0 $0 $0

$30,000 $22,000 $12,000 $40,000 $1,500 $7,000 $23,000 $800 $30,240 $166,540

$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $7,000 $0 $1,000 $10,080 $0

$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $7,000 $0 $1,500 $10,080 $0

$12,000 $14,000 $14,000 $40,000

$0 $0 $0 $0

$0 $0 $0 $0

$540 $48,325

$570 $55,574

$600 $60,406

Dividends paid to shareholders Bank Loans

$0 $550,000

$50,000 $110,000

$56,250 $110,000

Total cost

$497,032

Equipment Components Front-end loader Windrow turner Windrow cover Shredder Temperature tester License permit fee Bagging machine Bulk bags Bins Total

Vehicles Tractor Pick-up truck Delivery truck Total

Technology Website Contingency 20% facility (241,627)

Financing Activities

FINANCIAL PLAN

Our cash flow statement presents an overall productivity of growth at 12.5% per year. In our first year, our bagged compost sales are estimated to reach roughly around $500,000 and bulk compost sales roughly around $175,000. Labor costs, non-labor processing costs, and direct cost of production will cost roughly around $280,000. The investment breakdown begins with land purchase of 1.2 acres which costs roughly around 200,000. Construction costs will be our initial expenses.

In order for our facility to receive a license permit we’ll need to create our compost pads per acre, proper curing and storage for the compost, a collection pond with proper liners, and a wastewater pumping system which totals to roughly around $240,000. Equipment will be our next investment which includes a front-end loader, windrow turner, windrow cover, shredder, temperature tester, bagging machine, bulk bags, bins, and license permit fee which totals to $165,000. The bulk bags, bins, and the license permit fee will be purchased towards the end of our first year. Once the approval of our facility, production in will begin and our website will be launched which will cost $600 a year. Transportation will be a main factor for collection of waste. Considering KGEN will start small based, only one pickup truck, delivery truck, and tractor will be purchased which totals to $40,000.

In conclusion of our investment activities, we have established a 20% contingency fund that totals to $48,325. This plan gives us room for possible error or sudden costs that we did not initially expect. Our financing activities include banking loans that total to $550,000.

Failure Prevention Plan When owning a business it is important to map our major risks and define a failure prevention plan.

Our pain points may include high costs of initial investments and possible unexpected maintenance.

To prevent this, we generated a 20% contingency plan in our total amount of operating activities which totals to $48,325. If sales take a downfall, our inital plan of action is to create a customized price for clients that purchase our products in advance and reduce our gross profit to 31.20% to selling each bag at $42. Our second plan of action would be to change the condition of payment to give extra credit for the customers. For example, the farmers have products seasonally therefore our credit in cash flow would allow us to give credit and extend the break even point.

FINANCIAL PLAN

DASHBOARD The dashboard is an effective way to visualize our key performance indicators and keep track of how we were performing. Our critical success factors are key indicators that we have in common with our competitors. These factors are important to measure in order to determine the differentiators of our service. Each KPI is represented visually through a graph that accommodates visually to the information that had to be communicated.

Strategic Goals • • •

To make a positive environmental impact and reduce your carbon footprint To raise awareness and educate on proper disposal of compostable waste To establish an effective rehabilitation program for inmates

CSF’s • Success in reducing trash consumption in landfills • Success in reducing food waste in school systems and prisons • Success in repurposing raw materials • Success in pricing strategies • Success in nutrient soil amendments • Success in delivery methods • Success in quality and standards in product

KPI’s Amount of Waste Diverted from Landfills (monthly) In the US, waste management services fill over 69% of landfills with waste creates an anaerobic environment that releases methane gas. By collecting this waste before it reaches the landfill and composting it into high nutrient soil we are helping the future of our environment. The amount of waste KGEN diverts from landfills on a monthly basis will be updated in realtime, which provides an overview of the successful performance of a sustainable business.

Website Traffic (weekly) The website will be designed for our users and customers for awareness, program implementation, education, and purchasable products. You can also find the information pertaining to our current partners and participating businesses in our network.

The visibility of our sustainable approaches are a key factor. By tracking website traffic it allows management to monitor visits and notice any failures in the system or usability of the platforms.

Social Media & Data Analytics Activity Social media marketing and data analytics are key factors for businesses in today’s economic growth. This information can help us identify new opportunities, reduce costs, strategic thinking, and possible implementation of new products or services.

Location of Customers The location of customers by zip code will tracked through the purchasing process. This information will be useful to enhance the product placement strategy in certain locations.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (yearly) Data from the Greenhouse Gas Emission will be monitored, allowing for the visualization over time and the reduction of these gases through the sustainable practices our business aims to encourage.

Active Users All users involved will be tracked and accumulating from the number of schools, inmates, and volunteers that are engaged in the provided services of KGEN. Customer Segments (yearly) We will offer a brief questionnaire through the purchasing process or program implementation process. This information will help us understand how they have heard about our company, what needs to be improved, the quality of our product, etc.

Product Sales (seasonally by months) This will indicate the sales derived from each green business category (local farms, agriculturists, landscapers, gardeners, etc) which will be monitored monthly to see the sales progression over time.

The visibility of the increase or decrease in sales depending on the season will be an important internal metric to keep track of the financial performance of the business and the profitability of our offering.

Competitors Pricing KGen has four main competitors: Soil 3, Longwood Plantation, Wilbros Organic Recovery, and Grow.Eat. Repeat. This graph is measuring the amount of sales each company is generating in a year.

Customer Satisfaction (monthly) This section will show the data of customer satisfaction that will be collected through social media monitoring and surveys that will be provided for schools and prisons to fill out. It tracks the current public opinion about the program with descriptive information so managers can better communicate with the customers and tailor the brand accordingly.

Customer Segments

Active Users

Yearly

TONS

10,000 7,500

87%

5,000

44%

2,500

Agriculturists Farmers

Schools

Gardeners Nurseries Landscapers

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

13,234

8,456

Prisons

Customer Locations

Competitors Pricing Sales Yearly

Savannah, GA

Soil 3 7M

Wilbros Organic Recovery

6M

Farmers Longwood Plantation

5M

2014 - Q4

2015 - Q1

2015 - Q2

2015 - Q3

2015 - Q4

Landscapers Agriculturists

Kompost Generation

Grow.Eat.Repeat.

Amount of Waste Diverted from Landfills

Customer Satisfaction Customer Service

Yearly

3,000,000

Delivery Service

2,500,000

TONS

2,000,000 Call Quality

Image

1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000

Cost

2010

Offering/ Promotions

2012

Website Traffic

2014

Monthly

2016

2018

2020

2022

Product Sales

2024

Seasonally

2016

20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 2,500 1,000

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

July

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan - Apr

May - Aug

Sept - Dec

APPENDIX Savannah: Going Greener. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://www.georgiatrend.com/April-2009/Savannah-Going-Greener/ Green Business Idea: Composting Food Scraps & Yard Waste. (2015). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://ecopreneurist.com/2015/02/02/green-business-idea-compostingfood-scraps-yard-waste/ Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management - assessment of smallholder farmers’ perceptions and degree of adoption of tithonia diversifolia compost in addressing declining soil fertility in ming’ongo extension planning areas, lilongwe, malawi. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/ JSSEM/article-full-text/980C50B51599 USCC Factsheet: Compost and Its Benefits. (2008). Retrieved from http://compostingcouncil.org/admin/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Compost-and-Its-Benefits.pdf Global Soil Treatment Market Set for Rapid Growth, To Reach USD Around 39.50 Billion by 2021. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://www.marketresearchstore.com/ news/global-soil-treatment-market-222 Demographic Profile For Chatham County. (2015). Retrieved from http://georgiastats. uga.edu/counties/051.pdf High Schools in Savannah, GA. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://high-schools. com/directory/ga/cities/savannah/ Georgia Statistics System. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://georgiastats.uga. edu/crossection.html Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio | Composting 101. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http:// www.planetnatural.com/composting-101/c-n-ratio/ Diver, S. (1999, February). BIODYNAMIC FARMING & COMPOST PREPARATION. Retrieved from http://www.demeter-usa.org/downloads/Demeter-Science-Biodynamic-Farming-&-Compost.pdf Benefits of eco-labeling. (2016). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from https://www.iisd.org/ business/markets/eco_label_benefits.aspx Factories Behind Fences: Do Prison ‘Real Work’ Programs Work? (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://www.nij.gov/journals/257/pages/real-work-programs.aspx

Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program. (2004, March). Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/203483.pdf Re-Entry. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2016, from http://www.endhomelessness.org/pages/re_entry] “Benefits of Eco-labeling.” 2016. Web. 01 June 2016.

“Demographic Profile For Chatham County.” 2015. Web. Diver, Steve. “BIODYNAMIC FARMING & COMPOST PREPARATION.” Feb. 1999. Web. “Factories Behind Fences: Do Prison ‘Real Work’ Programs Work?” Web. 01 June 2016.

“Georgia Statistics System.” Georgia Statistics System. Web. 01 June 2016.

“Global Soil Treatment Market Set for Rapid Growth, To Reach USD Around 39.50 Billion by 2021.” Web. 01 June 2016.

“Green Business Idea: Composting Food Scraps & Yard Waste.” 2015. Web. 01 June 2016.

“High Schools in Savannah, GA.” Web. 01 June 2016.

“Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management - Assessment of Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions and Degree of Adoption of Tithonia Diversifolia Compost in Addressing Declining Soil Fertility in Ming’ongo Extension Planning Areas, Lilongwe, Malawi.” Web. 01 June 2016.

“Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio | Composting 101.” Planet Natural RSS. Web. 01 June 2016.

“Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program.” Mar. 2004. Web. “Re-Entry.” Web. 01 June 2016.

“Savannah-Chatham County Public School System.” Web. “Savannah: Going Greener.” Web. 01 June 2016.

“USCC Factsheet: Compost and Its Benefits.” 2008. Web.

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