design strategies for energy efficiency: donks and dyads II - the quadrangle experiment 745 westgate - [control] 749 westgate - [experiment]
Josh Dobken ARCH 430 B Ryan Abendroth Fall 2015
parkview gardens | university city
[north]
to delmar
westgate
avenue
buildings pre-updating
project final design student housing - [number of beds = number of occupants = twelve] three story masonry structure six two bed, two bath units per building (twelve total units) each floor plate is roughtly 2500 square feet total sf is approximately 10000 square feet (including basements)
745 westgate - control [standard quadrangle specification]
749 westgate - experiment [transsolar specification]
technical sections - control 11
key details:
2
3
1
1
three inches bib insulation - walls r-27 insulation at the roof double hung windows, r-4
1
3
d
4
a
5
5
6
4
1
7
119'-10" T/FIN. THIRD FLOOR
4
b
5
5
6
4
1
7
109'-11 1/2" T/FIN. SECOND FLOOR
4
5
5
12
6 10 1
4
11
13
7
14
12
1
100'-0" T/FIN. FIRST FLOOR
15 10
6
20
e 11
17
c
8
9
10
92'-5 1/2" T/FIN. BASEMENT FLOOR
technical sections - experiment 11
key details:
2
3
1 1
six inches bib insulation + one inch urethane foam insulation - walls r-48 insulation at the roof thermax insulation at the basement casement windows, r-4
3
1
d
4
a
5
5
4 7
119'-10" T/FIN. THIRD FLOOR
4
b
5
5
4 7
109'-11 1/2" T/FIN. SECOND FLOOR
4
5
5
6
4
1
1
8
100'-0" T/FIN. FIRST FLOOR
e
10
c
9
9
10
92'-5 1/2" T/FIN. BASEMENT FLOOR
wufi analysis - as originally designed
passivehouse values (adjusted for saint louis)
745 westgate - control [standard quadrangle specification]
749 westgate - experiment [transsolar specification]
annual heating demand (kBtu/sf-yr)
4.5
21.33
6.11
annual cooling demand (kBtu/sf-yr)
7
2.04
2.64
peak heating load (Btu/sf-hr)
4.7
9.19
4.07
peak cooling load (Btu/sf-hr)
5.1
2.09
1.6
primary energy (kWh/person-yr)
6200
8240
6257
lack of insulation is major cause for large heating requirement.
increased insulation reduces but does not meet phius requirement for heating demand
key notes
cooling demand falls in the acceptable range due to loss of heat in winter, heavy heating loads are required cooling load stays low, presumably because of
cooling demand increases because more heat becomes trapped in building envelope improved thermal envelope means that loads stay more consistent year round
wufi analysis - comparing envelopes
745 westgate - control [standard quadrangle specification] in the basement, 745 has very little insulative properties, instead relying on the insulation between floors to provide thermal enclosure. at 749, insulation is included at the basement level. two inches of thermax insulation wrap around the building, as well as insulation from underneath the slab.
749 westgate - experiment [transsolar specification]
wufi analysis - comparing envelopes
745 westgate - control [standard quadrangle specification]
749
119'-10" T/FIN. THIRD FLOOR westgate - experiment [transsolar
comparing the wall assemblies, 745 uses considerably less insulation. not factored here was the additional benefits of the airtight assembly provided by the closed cell foam that was designed by transsolar for use in 749.
109'-11 1/2" T/FIN. SECOND FLOOR
100'-0" T/FIN. FIRST FLOOR
specification]
wufi analysis - comparing envelopes
745 westgate - control [standard quadrangle specification] the roof structure at 749 has nearly double the r-value of the standard specification used at 745. because the roof pitches toward the rear of the building, the rear third is too narrow to fit the required insulation. to mitigate this problem, the rear third was designed to be filled with foam insulation which has a higher r-value per inch.
749 westgate - experiment [transsolar specification]
wufi analysis - comparing windows
745 westgate - control [standard quadrangle specification] while both of these windows have an r-value of r-4, the casements selected for use at 749 are a significant improvement because they allow less air infiltration.
745 window
749 window
749 westgate - experiment [transsolar specification]
wufi analysis - improving 749
passivehouse values (adjusted for saint louis)
749 westgate - [transsolar specification]
749 westgate - [wufi modified specification] [@ 12 occupants]
[@ 18 occupants]
[@ 12 occupants & test window]
annual heating demand (kBtu/sf-yr)
4.5
6.11
4.59
4.44
4.44
annual cooling demand (kBtu/sf-yr)
7
2.64
2.58
2.78
2.78
peak heating load (Btu/sf-hr)
4.7
4.07
3.35
3.35
3.35
peak cooling load (Btu/sf-hr)
5.1
1.6
1.49
1.59
1.59
primary energy (kWh/person-yr)
6200
6257
5948
4025
4025
the first step to improving 749 is to address the windows. with an r-value of 4, they are by far the least thermally resistant condition. by switching out the r-4 window for an r-7 casement window, the building passes all of the passivehaus metrics being measured.