Semester Summary | ARC 550 | Summer 2013 | J Fowler
Table of Contents
Abstract........................................................................3-4 Recidivism Rates of Inmates in Education Programs vs. General Inmate Population..............................................5-6 Existing Southern Illinois Juvenile Facilities....................7-8 Site & Site Analysis.........................................................9-10 Case Studies..................................................................11-12 Community Dialogue & Programmatic Adjacencies..............13-14 Program.........................................................................15-18 Application of Color Theory............................................19-20 Diagrammatic Analysis of Result......................................21-22 Floor Plan & Sections....................................................23-24 Final Renderings............................................................25-26
1
2
Result
Process
Research
Abstract
To this day, there seems to be a chronic trend for juvenile justice facilities riddled with overcrowding, abusive conditions, and an overall lack of tangible rehabilitation or help.1Thus, many youths do not learn vital skills or responsibility and, in many cases, are neglected and abused in the system. Such treatment can have detrimental repercussions as many of these children entering the juvenile justice system already have mental illnesses and are behaviorally and/or mentally unstable. This method of treating bad kids even worse seems counterintuitive to rehabilitative means. Juveniles seem to respond positively when a certain amount of responsibility is placed upon them,2 thus indicating that stripping them of those responsibilities and dictating the job to someone else is hurting more than helping a developing human being. A more suitable environment must be established for these youths in order to aid them in exposing their true positive potential in the world. There should be a place where children who have made serious mistakes can go to learn from those mistakes as well as to continue learning. Having a strong connection to a college and/or school campus enables these youths to educate themselves and puts the responsibility of their lives in their own hands through that education. This self-empowerment also creates a dialogue between the juvenile facility, the university, and the community, involving all of them in the rehabilitation process. By involving the community, education, and the families of the youths in the rehabilitation process, a better means of normalization can be created. Implementation of such a system would also better focus the youths on what their interests are and allow them to follow those interests in an academic and positive environment. A solution lies in providing optimum educational capabilities to not only the youths, but to the community as a whole through the establishment of a solid
1 2
3
Barton, William H. "Detention". The oxford handbook of juvenile crime and juvenile justice. Oxford University Press, 2011. Strimple, Earl O. "A history of prison inmate-animal interaction programs." American Behavioral Scientist 47, no. 1 (2003): 70-78.
connection to local educational facilities. All of this within a contextually comfortable and positive environment. In providing optimum educational capabilities to youths in juvenile facilities, a strong focus should be directed towards the education center of the facility both programmatically as well as physically. This includes providing an optimum learning environment which engages the student and allows for a multiplicity of functions for the youths, the community, and the staff. With the education center as the hub for the juvenile facility, for both public and youths, an established line of security must be considered between secure and non-secure spaces. With the education center as such a predominate feature of the facility, its presentation is at the forefront for the experience of the juvenile facility as a whole. Establishing direct and initial views of this education center sets the focus for the experience of the juvenile facility. The education center is planned to be a place of great dynamism and activity and the architectural implementations reect such a space through various techniques involving, but not limited to, lighting, color, and spatial considerations. The journey to the educational center is crucial to the experience of the space as well. Long hallways narrow on the approach, creating a sense of compression with the ultimate explosion of spatial celebration resulting in the dynamic and active education center. The rest of the youth center is not neglected as these design elements radiate throughout the facility. With such implications as aforementioned, a step is taken forward in aiding youths and the community grasp hold of their inspirations through education so that they themselves may take their ďŹ rst steps toward their future.
4
Research
Recidivism Rates of Inmates in Education Programs vs. General Inmate Population
1
50% Lower
77% 25%
44.6% 26.4% 40% 18% 5
Canadian Statistics show that inmates who completed at least 2 college program courses had a 50% lower recidivism rate than the norm.
156 In New York, 26.4% of the Inmates who earned a college degree returned to prison compared to 44.6% who participated in college education programs, but did not graduate.
In Ohio, the overall recidivism rate is 40%, but the recidivism rate for inmates enrolled in the college education program was 18%.
A study at the University of Oklahoma showed that 25% of the inmates who received vocational training in prison returned to prison following their release. This was compared to a 77% recidivism rate for the general inmate population in the state of Oklahoma.
Vacca, James S. "Educated prisoners are less likely to return to prison." Journal of Correctional Education (2004): 297-305.
6
Research
Existing Southern Illinois Juvenile Facilities
40 21
32
32 156
000
7
=Location& #Beds
276
Illinois Youth Center Harrisburg Opened: July 1983 Capacity: 276 Level 2: High Medium-Security Juvenile Male Average Daily Population: 326 Average Age: 17 Average Annual Cost Per Inmate: $52,545.00 Illinois Youth Center Murphysboro [CLOSED] Opened: April 1997 Capacity: 156 Level 3 Minimum Juvenile Male Average Daily Population: 75 Average Age: 17 Illinois Youth Center Pere Marquette Opened: March 1963 Capacity: 40 Level 3 Minimum Juvenile Male Average Daily Population: 21 Average Age: 16
Illinois County detention Centers
Franklin County Juvenile Center Opened: February 2004 Capacity: 32 Level 2: High Medium-Security Juvenile Male Average Daily Population: 28 Average Age: 10-17
Illinois Youth Centers
Madison County Juvenile Facility Opened: ? Capacity: 21 Level ? Average Daily Population: ? Average Age: 10-17 St. Clair County Juvenile Facility Opened:? Capacity: 32 Level ? Average Daily Population: 28 Average Age: 10-16
8
Research 9
Site Analysis
Pros —Main Road Access —Utility Access The site is located within the boundary of Touch of —Near T.O.N. facilities Nature Environmental Center. Touch of Nature is —closest to fishery located eight miles southeast of Carbondale, in the —traffic away from T.O.N. —gently slopping land rolling hills of southern Illinois. A 900-acre lake, Cons Giant City State Park, and Crab Orchard National —Distance to Lake Wildlife Refuge, as well as the Shawnee National —Clearing of trees Forest border its 3,100 acres. It is a beautiful, —Less Quiet & Private peaceful setting ideally suited for nature study or —No direct Lake sight lines Pros recreation, for study and reflection, or for just —Near T.O.N. facilities relaxing. -http://www.ton.siu.edu/ —Near Lake —Utility Access —Gently sloping Land —Less dense foliage — Near road Cons —Traffic through T.O.N. Unless new road built —Clearing of trees — existing infrastructure in poor condition —No direct Lake Sight Lines —Wildlife Preservation on waterfront —Existing infrastructure —Pests Pros —Main Road Access benton —Utility Access i-57 —traffic away from T.O.N. —gently slopping land sr-51 Cons —Distance to Lake —Clearing of trees —Less Quiet & Private —No direct Lake sight lines —Distance to T.O.N. & sr-3 murphysboro Communities sr-13 Pros —Near Lake marion carbondale —Utility Access —Gently sloping Land — Near road Cons —new road built —Clearing of trees — existing infrastructure sr-51 in poor condition —No direct Lake Sight Lines —Wildlife Preservation on i-57 anna/ waterfront jonesboro —Existing infrastructure —Pests i-24 —Distance to T.O.N & Communities
10
Research
Case Studies Prison University Project: San Quentin State Prison
“The mission of the Prison University Project is to provide excellent higher education programs to people incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison; to create a replicable model for such programs; and to stimulate public awareness and meaningful dialogue about higher education and criminal justice in California.� The Prison University Project offers a liberal arts Associate of Arts Degree for those inmates who enroll in the program. In addition to the College Prep and Associate of Arts Degree Programs at San Quentin, the Prison University Project provides information and guidance to academic researchers, students, members of the media, members of the state and federal legislature and their staff, individuals seeking or developing prison education programs at other institutions, people incarcerated at institutions other than San Quentin, and friends and family members of people in prison.
California Universities
Inmates
11
San Quentin State Prison
http://www.prisonuniversityproject.org/ http://www.npr.org/2011/06/20/137176620/inside-san-quentin-inmates-go-to-college http://ttbook.org/book/jody-lewen-prison-university-project http://www.ted.com/talks/damon_horowitz_philosophy_in_prison.html
Bastøy Prison:
San Quentin State Prison
Bastoy Prison is home to Norway’s only island prison. It is the largest lowsecurity prison in Norway and consists of a small local community with about 80 buildings, roads, beach zones, cultural landscape, football field, agricultural land and forest. The prison was “an arena of developing responsibility” said by Arne Nilsen, governor of Bastoy Prison. There is bungalow style housing for inmates with no cameras, fences, or walls. Bastoy Prison is considered the world’s first ecological prison “The men who live here largely take responsibility for their own lives,” Anre Nilsen also commented.
Freedom
Respocibility
Trust/ Respect
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1384308/Norwayscontroversial-cushy-prison-experiment--catch-UK.html#ixzz2YYB4Zz1E http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2013/feb/25/norwegian-prison-inmatestreated-like-people http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bast%C3%B8y_Prison
12
Process
Community Dialogue:
Youth Education & Research Center ty Ci nt Gia
S
ta ble s
13
Programmatic Adjacencies Staff Public
Core
Vi si
Adm in
Youth
am
r
P ay
tin
g
D
Residential
Lobby Ce
t
n me
ntr
Su
pp
or
t
Edu
ess
catio
nal
al
Fitn
e Tr
at
r og
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Process
Program for Youth Education & Research Center: 1
Lobby
2
Entry Vestibule General Waiting Room / Lobby Reception Desk Vending Visiting/Secure Care Waiting Room Reception Desk Lockers Visiting Sallyport Family Resource and Day Program Waiting Room Men's Restroom Women's Restroom Janitor's Closet Total Lobby NSF Family Resource and Day Program Center Workstations Assessment Specialist Case Manager Truancy Case Manager Day Program Manager - (3) at 64 sf Open Positions - (3) at 64 sf Supervisor Small Interview/Class Room - (2) at 90 sf Medium Interview/Class Room - (2) at 180 sf Large Interview/Class Room Workroom Visitor Restroom Staff Restroom
3
15
50 250 400
200 150 150 50 1250
64 64 64 192 192 80 180 360 250 80 100 100
Courtyard Total Family Resource and Day Program Center NSF 1726 Administration Workstations Secretary - (2) at 64 sf 128 Records Manager 64 Senior Case Manager 100 File Storage 80 Director's Office 150 Deputy Director's Office 100 Conference Room 250 Staff Restroom 100 Breakroom 150 Janitor's Closet 50 Courtyard Total Administration NSF 1172
4
5
Secure Care Center - Core Core Common Space Officer Workstation Time Out Room Secure Juvenile Entrance Case Manager Office Staff Work Alcove Health Clinic Exam Room Medication Storage Group Room Food Staging and Service Storage Private Visiting and Interview Janitor's Closet Courtyard Total Secure Care Center Core NSF Secure Care Center - Visiting Youth Visiting Room Officer Workstation Display Room Private Visiting Room Storage Youth Restroom Visitor Restroom Janitor's Closet Courtyard Total Secure Care Center Visiting NSF
6
Secure Care Center - Residential Pod - (2) Pods Dayroom Reading room Staff Workstation Double Occupancy Room - (4) at 140 sf Single Occupancy Room Storage Janitor's Closet Shower Room - (2) at 30 sf Courtyard Total Residential Pod NSF Times (2) Pods
400 40 100 100 200 140 80 320 100 50 100 50 1680 450 450 120 60 50 50 50 1230
800 100 560 80 50 40 60 1690 3380
16
Process
Program Continued:
7
8
9
Treatment Center Multi-Purpose Program Room Therapy Room - (2) at 150 sf Treatment Staff Room Work Alcove Visitor/Staff Restroom Total Treatment Center NSF Educational Center Classroom Commons Officer Workstation Sink Area Staff Work Alcove Classroom - (4) at 400 Classroom Lab Classroom Kitchen Library Youth Restroom Staff Restroom Educational Staff Suite Interview/Testing Room Workstations - (3) at 64 sf Workroom Storage-(4) at 50 (for Class & Staff Use) Janitor's Closet Staff Restrooms Total Educational Center NSF Physical Fitness Center Physical Fitness Room Storage Janitor's Closet Outdoor Recreation Courtyard (approx. 2000 sf) Total Physical Fitness Center NSF
17
350 300 150 80 50 930 500
100 1200 400 400 200 100 50 100 192 100 200 50 100 3692 500 150 50 700
10 Central Support Commodity Storage Maintenance Suite Shop Workstations - (3) at 64 sf Storage Secure Staff Entry Vestibule Locker Room Staff Restroom/Showers Staff Lunchroom/Breakroom Facility Kitchen Laundry Soiled Room Staging Area Clean Storage Custodial Office Receiving Dock Trash Area Storage Shed (Exterior Access) Janitor's Closet Total Central Support Diagram NSF
Total Project Net Square Feet = Grossing Factor = 1.45 Total Gross Square Feet =
400 300 196 100 50 120 200 300 500 100 200 200 100 250 200 150 50 3416
19176 27805
11 Site Components Parking - 50 spaces required + 4 ADA spaces Public dropoff zone required 12 Notes 1 Need to calculate restroom needs using 2003 IBC 2 The entire facility must be ADA compliant
18
Process 19
Application of Color Theory :
Teal:
Balanced Appeal, Calming Inuence, Conveys Unique Quality, Communicates Gracefulness , Expresses ReďŹ nement, Inspires Harmony, Nurtures Sensitivity, Refreshing Atmosphere, Renews Spirit, Soothing Demeanor, Suggests Healing
Application: Treatment Center Green:
Enhances Concentration, Facilitates Judgment, Nurtures Relaxation, Offers Balance Promotes Security, Provides Refreshing Atmosphere, Renews Spirit, Suggests Healing
Application: Family Resource and Day Program Center Light Green:
Enhances Concentration, Facilitates Judgment, Nurtures Relaxation, Offers Balance Promotes Security, Provides
Refreshing Atmosphere, Renews Spirit, Suggests Healing Application: Visiting Yellow: Conveys Lightness, Encourages Spontaneity, Expresses Caution, Indicates Innovation, Implies Free Spirit, Inspires Creativity Offers Zest and Joyfulness, Radiates Warmth, Raises Alert Level Application: Lobby Orange: Considered Fun, Encourages Movement, Expresses Emotion, Gregarious Nature, Implies Good Cheer, Invites Friendliness, Playful Attitude, Pleasurable Spirit, Suggests Power Application: Education Center Red: Captures Attention, Considered Passionate, Creates Vitality, Encourages Movement, Generates Excitement, Increases Pulse Rate, Promotes Alertness, Prompts Action, Stimulates Appetite, Suggests Strength Application: Physical Fitness Center Warm Neutrals: Comfortable Attitude, Conservative Nature, Implies Stability, Communicates Gracefulness, Promotes Secure Feeling, Suggests Subtle Warmth, Versatile Nature Application: Central Support Cool Neutrals: Implies Sophistication, Introspective Nature, Soothing Atmosphere, Subdues Emotional Response, Suggests Subtle Coolness, Versatile Nature Application: Core Violet:
Allows Meditation, Contemplative Nature, Conveys Royal Essence, Expresses Mystery, Introspective Persona Intuitive,
Understanding, Opulent Nature, Sensitive Character, Unique Quality, Whimsical Personality Application: Residential Pods
Blue: Calming Spirit, Combats Tension, Cultivates Conservatism, Offers Serenity, Promotes Thoughtfulness, Provides Introspection, Provides Introspection, Soothing Nature, Supports Relaxation, Underscores Devotion Application: Administration
20
Result
Program
Fitness Center Education Center Lobby Family Resource & Day Program Secure Visiting Treatment Center Administration Residential Pods Secure Core Central Support DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN DN
DN
21
DN
DN
DN
DN
Security Areas
Youth Access Public Access Overlap Secure Lne
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN DN DN DN
DN
DN
22
Result
B D
Classroom
Library
Classroom
C
Medium Interview/ Classroom
Classroom DN
Women's Locker Room
Women's Restroom/ Showers
Staff Restroom
Soiled Room Staging Area
Medication Storage
DN
Case Manager Office
Facility Kitchen DN
Secure Juvenile Entrance
Custodial Office w/ workstations DN
Staff Lunchroom/ Breakroom
DN
Workstation
J. Closet
Storage DN
Storage
Deputy Director's Director's Office Office
Secretary
Core Common Space
File Storage
Shower
Double
Reading/Reading/ Study Study Room Room
Single
Double
Storage
Youth Restroom
Storage
Shower Double
Double
Double
Shower
Floor Plan
Section A-A
23
Double
Shower
B D
J. Closet Visitor Storage Restroom
Dayroom
J. Closet J. Closet Double
Mens J. Closet
Fam. Res. ? & Day Waiting
A Visiting/ Secure Care Witing Room
Youth Visiting Room
Private Visiting Room Dayroom Double
Womens
Work Station
Work Station Work Station Work Station Work Station Work Station Courtyard Work Station
Senior Case Records Conference Manager Manager Room
DN Secretary
Private Visiting & Storage Single
Commodity Storage
Room
C
Small Interview/ Classroom
Work Station
Staff Staff J. Closet Restroom Break Room
Timeout Room
Shop
Workroom
Courtyard
Youth Restroom
DN
Recieving Dock/ Storage
Visitor J. Restroom Closet
Supervisor
DN
Clean Storage
A
Workstation
Kitchen Classroom Exam Room
DN
Interview/ Testing Room Staff Restroom Workstation
DN
Workroom
Multi-Purpose Room DN
Men's Restroom/ Showers
Work Alcove
Medium Interview/ Classroom
Small Interview/ Classroom
DN
' - 0"
Lab Therapy Room
DN
Men's Locker Room
DN
R 21
Physical Fitness Center Therapy Room
Lg. Interview/ Classroom
Classroom
Upper Level Roof 15' - 0" Intermediary Roof 10' - 0" Lower Level Roof 5' - 0" Upper Level 0' - 0" Lower Level -5' - 0"
Section D-D
Upper Level Roof 15' - 0" Lower Level Roof 5' - 0" Upper Level 0' - 0" Lower Level -5' - 0"
Section C-C
Upper Level Roof 15' - 0" Lower Level Roof 5' - 0" Upper Level 0' - 0" Lower Level -5' - 0"
Section B-B
Upper Level Roof 15' - 0" Intermediary Roof 10' - 0" Lower Level Roof 5' - 0" Upper Level 0' - 0" Lower Level -5' - 0"
24
25 View Down Unsecure Hallway
View of Education Center
Result
26
View of Education Center
View Down Unsecure Hallway