LENTS MARKET COMBATING FOOD DESERTS
JOSH ROSENTHAL
COMBATING FOOD DESERTS D DESERT
E 100TH AVE. THE PROBLEM The majority of East Portland is in a food desert. In many ow flies, the closest grocery store of any type is areas, people have to travel over a mile to the nearest uality Walmart Supercenter, 1.25 miles away This diffmiles icult from for most site. Thegrocery closeststore. safeway is is 1.7 the in this impoverthe closest Joe’s is 1.8 from the ishedTrader portion of the city.miles Many neighborhoods in East red Meyer used to be located at SE 82nd and Portland lack a clear direction, growing in population due nly 1 mile from the site. The store closed in to gentrification of the inner city. The Lents neighborr 2017. Residents are now forced to walk, bike, hood is a to key example this, The located ake public transit the nearest of store. site two miles from the nearest grocery store. Though the neighborhood is one heart of a food desert, by definition anywhere n a mile of from nearest grocery. thethe most diverse in Portland, it has not yet flourished.
Safeway 1.7 Miles Walmart Supercenter 1.25 Miles Closed Fred Meyer
SOLVING THE PROBLEM A central facility must be constructed to combat food deserts in East Portland. It will act as a distribution point for a system of new facilities. This facility must be deeply connected to the community in which it is built to strengthen the positive values of that community. Other satellite facilities must then be constructed in neighboring food deserts. The end goal is to end hunger in East Portland.
Trader Joe’s 1.8 Miles
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LENTS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD SUMMARY Lents is located in Southeast Portland where Foster Blvd intersects I-205. The neighborhood, home to various industries, is considered to be one of Portland’s last affordable neighborhoods. Lents is more diverse on average than the rest of Portland but also faces lower average income. The town center is located just west of I-205 while industrial uses are primarily to the east of I-205. ETHNICITIES Only 56% of Lents identifies as white compared to over 70% in Portland as a whole. Hispanics make up 17% of the population. 15% of the population identifies as Asian while 5% identifies as African American. Another 5% of the population is mixed race. INCOME Lents residents have a median income of $44,000, significantly lower than Portland’s average of over $55,000. The 20th percentile makes $20,000 or less while the 95th percentile makes $136,000, significantly lower than the Portland 95th percentile of almost $250,000.
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PIKE PLACE MARKET MARKET SUMMARY Pike Place market first opened in Seattle in 1907. The market has an incredibly complex program that is mostly hidden from the average visitor. The market is spread over 9 acres of land. It contains stands for 85 local farmers and 225 artists. It contains 240 small businesses as well as well as 400 mixed income housing units. Other features include a senior center, a medical clinic, a child care center, a food bank, and an elderly care center. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH: location, year-round use, density, tourist money, ability to house multiple programmatic elements WEAKNESS: tourists prevent locals from using the market, too busy to walk through and enjoy OPPORTUNITY: continual growth THREAT: depends too much on tourist money, during economic downturn this may be an issue
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LENTS MARKET ECONOMIC MODEL The Lents Market Group will initially develop the site. Key features of initial development include a market hall, a food bank, mixed income housing units, and pocket businesses. Urban farms will be acquired throughout the surrounding neighborhood. These urban farms along with the food bank and external farmers will help supply the market hall. Cash will flow to the Lents Market Group through monthly housing rent, pocket business rent, market stall rent, urban farm rent, and community donations. Community investors will then profit from this flow allowing the facility to benefit rather than destroy the surrounding area. These investors will eventually take control of the site once initial loans have been paid off and certain profit has been reached. FULL BUILDING DESIGN INTENT The programmatic elements must create a cohesive building. Boundaries should be blurred between them to show that each is a cog in the machine that makes the project successful. The project must connect to the community as well, blurring the boundaries between the building and surrounding context. Local and sustainable materials will be used for construction. GOALS end hunger in east Portland _ connect the community _ connect to the community _ enhance the community _ sustainabiliy _ alleviate housing crisis
MARKET RATE
LOW INCOME
POCKET BUSINESSES
LENTS MARKET GROUP
MARKET
LENTS
COMMUNITY INVESTORS
FOOD BANK
FARMERS
URBAN FARM
CASH INFLOW CASH OUTFLOW PRODUCE FLOW
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PROGRAM _ MARKET HALL DESCRIPTION The market point is the main public feature of the project. It will act as the distribution point for foods collected from the urban farms, the food bank, and the farmers. The market hall will also have a community use component consisting of a stage and communal kitchen. When temporary stalls are not present, community members can use the space for various activities. STALL TYPES Stall types include permanent stalls that will likely be along a permanent wall. These stalls, though easy to rotate in use, will add a sense of reliability to the market. In precedents, these stalls normally sell specialty items such as meats, cheeses, or coffee. These stalls are more likely to be owned by community members. Temporary stalls will be set up on select days by farmers and will likely sell produce. DESIGN INTENT The market hall must act as the main public space of the community. Flexibility is key to a successful design. Stalls must be easy to move aside to allow for community use both during and after market hours. The entrance must be clearly visible to the surrounding community as well as from Foster Blvd. The space must be easily accessed.
MARKET HALL USE PERMANENT STALL TEMPORARY STALL DESIGNATED EATING AREA COMMUNITY STAGE RESTROOMS (INCLUSIVE) COMMUNAL KITCHEN STORAGE MARKET OFFICE CIRCULATION
AREA (SQ. FT) 100 100 1200 200 400 600 500 200 4600
FOOD BANK USE STORAGE COLD STORAGE DISTRIBUTION CENTER KITCHEN COMMUNITY DROP LOADING DOCK OFFICE BATHROOMS
COUNT 40 40 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 4000 4000 1200 200 800 600 500 200 4600 16100
AREA (SQ. FT) 11200 2800 300 300 200 600 200 70
MIXED INCOME HOUSING USE TOWNHOUSE SHOP HOUSE 2 BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM STUDIO OFFICE CIRCULATION
COUNT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 11200 2800 300 300 200 600 200 140 15740
AREA (SQ. FT) 1300 850 800 600 350 300 5000
POCKET BUSINESSES USE SHOP HOUSE STAND ALONE CIRCULATION
COUNT 5 5 3 4 6 1 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 6500 4250 2400 2400 2100 300 5000 22950
AREA (SQ. FT) 425 500 375
COUNT 5 10 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 2125 5000 375 7500
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COMMUNAL KITCHEN STORAGE MARKET OFFICE CIRCULATION
PROGRAM _ FOOD BANK DESCRIPTION The food bank will act as one of three suppliers for the market hall. Food will be donated from the community. Dented food will also be donated from grocery stores. The food bank will allow for community members to actively volunteer and will be a major source for donations. In addition to the market, food will be given to less fortunate members of the community. DESIGN INTENT Transparency is key to the success of the food bank. Too many warehouses have been constructed to not be visible from the outside. A transparent food bank shows that it is serving the community in which it stands, reassuring residents with clearly visible full shelves.
600 500 200 4600
FOOD BANK USE STORAGE COLD STORAGE DISTRIBUTION CENTER KITCHEN COMMUNITY DROP LOADING DOCK OFFICE BATHROOMS
1 1 1 1 TOTAL:
600 500 200 4600 16100
AREA (SQ. FT) 11200 2800 300 300 200 600 200 70
MIXED INCOME HOUSING USE TOWNHOUSE SHOP HOUSE 2 BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM STUDIO OFFICE CIRCULATION
COUNT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 11200 2800 300 300 200 600 200 140 15740
AREA (SQ. FT) 1300 850 800 600 350 300 5000
POCKET BUSINESSES USE SHOP HOUSE STAND ALONE CIRCULATION
COUNT 5 5 3 4 6 1 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 6500 4250 2400 2400 2100 300 5000 22950
AREA (SQ. FT) 425 500 375
COUNT 5 10 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 2125 5000 375 7500
URBAN FARM USE
AREA (SQ. FT)
COUNT
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT)
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COMMUNITY DROP LOADING DOCK OFFICE BATHROOMS
PROGRAM _ MIXED INCOME HOUSING DESCRIPTION Mixed income housing will help alleviate the housing crisis, densify the neighborhood, allow for possible users and tenants, and provide extra income that will make the project possible. Housing will be both low income and market rate. The market rate housing will subsidize the low income housing. UNIT TYPES Three floor townhouses will be rented at or above market rate. All other units will be rented as low income housing. Shop houses will be three floor, two bedroom units with a shop on the ground floor to allow for direct resident participation and opportunity. Other units include 2 bedroom, 1 bedroom, and studio apartments. DESIGN INTENT Housing must have a strong connection the market as well as the exterior. Units must be climate responsive and allow for proper daylight. There should be a strong sense of community amongst residents and leftover space will be dedicated to amenities. Balconies, roof decks, and gardens should be provided for connection to nature and the possibility to grow food.
200 600 200 70
1 1 1 2 TOTAL:
200 600 200 140 15740
MIXED INCOME HOUSING USE TOWNHOUSE SHOP HOUSE 2 BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM STUDIO OFFICE CIRCULATION
AREA (SQ. FT) 1300 850 800 600 350 300 5000
POCKET BUSINESSES USE SHOP HOUSE STAND ALONE CIRCULATION
COUNT 5 5 3 4 6 1 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 6500 4250 2400 2400 2100 300 5000 22950
AREA (SQ. FT) 425 500 375
COUNT 5 10 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 2125 5000 375 7500
URBAN FARM USE
AREA (SQ. FT)
COUNT
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT)
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1 BEDROOM STUDIO OFFICE CIRCULATION
PROGRAM _ POCKET BUSINESSES DESCRIPTION Pocket businesses will be less than 500 square feet. The main goal is to allow for further income for residents and investors. The small size will allow for a higher density of businesses on the site. They will also be open longer hours than the market hall, allowing for extended use of the building. BUSINESS TYPES Businesses will reflect on the surrounding community. Each ethnicity in the community will be given a platform from which to express its culture. Businesses should be predominantly food related but can also include crafts and anything else of interest to the community.
600 350 300 5000
POCKET BUSINESSES USE SHOP HOUSE STAND ALONE CIRCULATION
4 6 1 1 TOTAL:
2400 2100 300 5000 22950
AREA (SQ. FT) 425 500 375
COUNT 5 10 1 TOTAL:
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT) 2125 5000 375 7500
URBAN FARM USE
AREA (SQ. FT)
COUNT
TOTAL AREA (SQ. FT)
DESIGN INTENT Businesses should connect to the market and enhance the surrounding streets. Facades should be welcoming and transparent. Provide opportunities for a business owner sub-community.
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A NATURAL NEIGHBORHOOD 6328 SE 100TH AVE. PROGRAM _ URBAN FARM Lents east of I-205 is ripe for farming. Through a brief
DESCRIPTION visual scan, a number of vacant fields are visible. These have been labeled green on the adjacent The urban farm issites a source for produce in the market asmap. A successful urban farm already exists nearby the site. well as the community. The urban will bea mission spreadof serving Zenger Farm, founded farm in 1999, has the surrounding community open towill all. be There is a across land near the site. Produce fromand theis farm possibility of integrating the operations of this farm into distributed at select in the main the times operations of the new market facility. as Thewell site is located adjacent to the Springwater Corridor and can act as a as the satellite locations. A percentage of urban farm hub or node for the Lents neighborhood along the trail. produce will be donated back to the community and a percentage will be given to those who have helped grow the produce. LOCATION The urban farms will be located in vacant lots surrounding the main and satellite facilities. These urban farms will further tie the facility to the community and spread its impact beyond the front door. Urban farms will help spread awareness and allow for active participation.
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PROGRAM _ SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS • Rationality: programmatic elements have been carefully calculated for the site • Interconnectedness: every element in the program is helping another element in the program • Redundancy: if one element fails, there are other elements that can make up for it WEAKNESSES • Complex solution: a complex solution is required to make programmatic elements work together • Cost: initial cost will be very high, phasing may limit this burden and the building allows for this OPPORTUNITIES • Economic Growth: the program allows for economic growth over time positively impacting the community • Community preservation: community elements built into the building and the CIT model THREATS • Neighborhood interest: the program requires neighborhood interest and active participation in urban farming and investing to work correctly
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SITE DESCRIPTION The chosen site for the facility is a warehouse located on Foster Blvd between SE 100th Ave and SE 101st Ave. The footprint of the building 37,000 square feet. The building has a length of 300’, a width of 130’, and a height of 33’. The structure is composed of concrete tilt-up walls with a steel truss roof. CURRENT USE The site is currently owned by WestRock, a national paper and packaging producer. WestRock uses the warehouse as a recycling plant. Inside the plant, there are three major rooms: two warehouses and a machine room to produce large cubes of recycled material. There is a small office on the south end of the building with a bathroom. The main office is located in a construction trailer on the east side of the building. A large loading dock and parking lot is on the west side of the building. NEIGHBORHOOD COMPLAINTS The facility has generated complaints from the surrounding community. Community members are alarmed by the plant’s rapid expansion into surrounding blocks. Trash has spilled from the plant into the surrounding streets. Numerous toxic fires and smells have been reported from the plant in recent years.
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SITE_EXISTING FLOOR PLAN
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SITE_EXISTING ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS
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SITE_DIAGRAMS
R5
R2a
EG2
TRAFFIC FLOW The site will be most heavily approached by cars and buses heading east on Foster Blvd from Downtown and I-205. Traffic will also approach on Foster heading west but to a lesser extent. Bike and pedestrian traffic will be heaviest from the south due to the Springwater Corridor.
ZONING EG2: office and industry, manufacturing R2A: multi-dwelling; townhouse, duplex R5: single family, ADU, duplex
SOUND Neighboring industrial facilities to the east and south produce loud noise during business hours. Foster Blvd to the north is a high speed, busy street. SE 101st Ave is mainly used for freight traffic.
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SITE _ SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS • Location: near transit, near major street, in food desert, Springwater corridor. • Size: The building is the perfect size for this type of development. • Structure: the structure allows for open interiors • Orientation: building form has ample possibilities WEAKNESSES • Location: located far from downtown leading to less use by a larger population • Surrounding context: the building is surrounded by low density development OPPORTUNITIES • Site improvement: improve a current blight on the neighborhood • Density improvement: make the neighborhood more walkable and inviting • Urban fabric improvement: ability to reconnect a building to the urban fabric THREATS • Current owner: the owner is not willing to talk with me about the project • Neighbors: neighbors already complain about the existing facility, strong NIMBY culture • Urban farm: there may not be enough land around the site to sustain an urban farm
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POSSIBLE ARRANGEMENTS
1
MARKET HALL
2
FOOD BANK
3
MIXED HOUSING
4
POCKET BUSINESS
2 3
4 1 1 4
OPTION A
2
3
OPTION B
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URBAN IMPLEMENTATION SATELLITE LOCATIONS One facility cannot eradicate food deserts from East Portland. One facility can act as the supplier for smaller satellite facilities placed evenly in a food desert. These smaller facilities will include a small market, several pocket businesses, and a distribution center for the main food bank. Urban farms will be spread around each facility so that community members can actively participate in its success. COMMUNITY FIT Much like the main facility, businesses and food production will be tailored towards the surrounding demographics. For those outside the community, each facility will offer a different cultural experience.
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