The Weekly Bottom Line - May 6, 2011

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TD Economics

The Weekly Bottom Line

www.td.com/economics

May 6, 2011

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK United States • Fears of a slowing U.S. recovery and rising worldwide inflation hurt market sentiment early this week, triggering a flight from risk sell off that sent commodity prices and equities tumbling down sharply. • Today, a positive surprise in U.S. employment numbers veered equity markets in the opposite direction; at the time of writing both the Dow Jones and the S&P 500 were up 0.9% on the day, and WTI crude oil had recouped 1.1%. • Significant upward revisions to February and March figures contributed to bring the 3-month moving average to 233K new jobs per month, which suggests an incipient firming in hiring conditions. Canada • The Federal Conservative Party finally secured a majority government in Monday’s election. They plan to pass the budget they tabled back in March. This was a non-event for markets, as the budget details have already been baked into the economic outlook. • Commodities took a major hit this week, with the WTI price of oil moving below $100 per barrel. • While the Canadian dollar fell in lockstep with the price of oil, stronger-than-expected employment reports in the U.S. and Canada provided some support to the loonie, keeping it at a still lofty $1.04 U.S. by week’s end. The Canadian economy added a sizeable 58,000 jobs in April, and the unemployment rate edged down to 7.6%.

THIS WEEK IN THE MARKETS Current*

Week Ago

52-Week 52-Week High Low

Stock Market Indexes S&P 500 1,352 1,364 1,364 1,023 S&P/TSX Comp. 13,550 13,945 14,271 11,093 DAX 7,477 7,514 7,528 5,670 FTSE 100 5,951 6,070 6,091 4,806 Nikkei 9,859 9,850 10,858 8,605 Fixed Income Yields U.S. 10-yr Treasury 3.22 3.29 3.74 2.38 Canada 10-yr Bond 3.24 3.21 3.60 2.69 Germany 10-yr Bund 3.20 3.24 3.49 2.12 UK 10-yr Gilt 3.40 3.43 3.92 2.83 Japan 10-yr Bond 1.15 1.21 1.36 0.85 Foreign Exchange Cross Rates C$ (USD per CAD) 1.04 1.06 1.06 0.93 Euro (USD per EUR) 1.45 1.48 1.48 1.19 Pound (USD per GBP) 1.64 1.67 1.67 1.43 Yen (JPY per USD) 80.6 81.2 93.3 78.9 Commodity Spot Prices** Crude Oil ($US/bbl) 99.7 113.9 113.9 66.0 Natural Gas ($US/MMBtu) 4.51 4.50 5.17 3.18 Copper ($US/met. tonne) 8793.8 9296.0 10179.5 6067.8 Gold ($US/troy oz.) 1492.0 1563.7 1563.7 1161.6 *as of 10:00 am on Friday, **Oil-WTI, Cushing, Nat. Gas-Henry Hub, LA (Thursday close price), Copper-LME Grade A, Gold-London Gold Bullion; Source: Bloomberg

WEEKLY GAINS vs U.S. DOLLAR % Japanese yen

1.06

Mexican peso

-1

Swiss franc

-1.06 -1.84

British pound Brazilian real

-2

N. Zealand dollar

-2.07

Canadian dollar

-2.11 -2.21

Australian dollar

-2.64

Euro -4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

Source: Bloomberg

GLOBAL OFFICIAL POLICY RATE TARGETS Current Target 0 - 0.25% Federal Reserve (Fed Funds Rate) 1.00% Bank of Canada (Overnight Rate) 1.25% European Central Bank (Refi Rate) 0.50% Bank of England (Repo Rate) 0.00% Bank of Japan (Overnight Rate) Source: Central Banks, Haver Analytics


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TD Economics

May 6, 2011

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UNITED STATES - CELEBRATING STRONGER EMPLOYMENT Fears of a slowing U.S. recovery and rising worldwide inflation hurt market sentiment early this week, triggering a flight from risk sell off that sent commodity prices and equities tumbling down sharply. WTI crude oil slipped 8.6% yesterday, bringing losses since last Friday of 13.3%. The Dow Jones industrial average index closed yesterday 1.4% down on the week, while the S&P 500 had shed 1.9%. As usual, the flight-to-safety benefited U.S. Treasuries – 10year yields went down 13 basis points since Monday – and the greenback saw sizeable gains versus the other major currencies, except the Japanese yen. Today, a positive surprise in U.S. employment numbers veered equity markets in the opposite direction; at the time of writing both the Dow Jones and the S&P 500 were up 0.9% on the day, and WTI crude oil had recouped 1.1%. Indeed, the U.S. labor market added 244K new jobs in April, well above market expectations for a 185K increase. Also uplifting, significant upward revisions to February and March figures contributed to bring the 3-month moving average to 233K new jobs per month, which suggests an incipient firming in hiring conditions. If this performance takes hold, it will prove supportive of household consumption, which we are projecting will contribute roughly three quarters of the overall 3% GDP growth expected this year. A faster uptake in job creation would also alleviate some of the strains facing the housing market, which remains the key drag on U.S. economic activity. However, to keep a balanced view, we ought to remember that the U.S. job market still boasts some 6.9 million jobs less than it did at its pre-recession peak. Therefore, at the current U.S. JOB MARKET 600

%

'000 people

15

400

10

200

5

0

0

-200

-5

-400

-10

-600 -800 -1,000 J-05

-15 Employment, m/m chg. - L -

-20

Unemployment rate - R -

-25 J-06

J-07

J-08

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

J-09

J-10

J-11

CRUDE OIL AND GLOBAL EQUITIES 160

$ per barrel

Index

140

2,000 1,800

120

1,600

100

1,400

80 1,200

60

1,000

40 WTI crude oil - L -

20

800

MSCI Global Index

0

600

N-05

N-06

N-07

N-08

N-09

D-10

Source: Bloomberg

pace of job creation, it would take two and a half years just to close that gap. Then the economy would have to absorb the newer additions to the labor force. As we wrote last week, these facts are weighting more on the minds of the FOMC members than the recent pick up in inflation, which is why they have decided, for the time being, to carry through with their extraordinary monetary stimulus. There has been no shortage of voices blaming the Fed for providing the liquidity necessary to fuel the bull run in commodity prices that has contributed to rising worldwide inflation. Regardless of whether one shares this view, it is undisputable that this week’s correction in commodity prices brought them more in line with both the supply and demand fundamentals and the global economic growth outlook. Central banks across emerging markets will have to continue tightening monetary policy to avert inflation spiraling out of control, which would mean their economies will in exchange trade off economic growth. In advanced economies, only the Fed, the Bank of Japan, and the Bank of England still maintain their monetary policy stance in crisis-fighting mode, although the latter will likely start raising rates later this year too. If commodity prices resume their ascending march, that would prompt more forceful policy reactions by central bankers across the globe, further hampering economic growth. With memories of the 2008 commodity boom and its aftermath still fresh, and still plenty of downward risks to the global recovery, one would be inclined to think forward looking markets wouldn’t buy the $150-per-barrel story again. But... you never know. Martin Schwerdtfeger, Economist 416-982-2559


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TD Economics

May 6, 2011

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CANADA – HOPE FLOATS This week was action packed for both the global and Canadian economic and political landscape. First on the docket was the Canadian federal election, which was a non-event for markets. That’s not that surprising given little really changed from a market perspective. The conservative government plans to pass the budget they tabled in March with perhaps a few tweaks. Their four year plan includes the challenging, but not impossible, task of turning the current deficit (2% of GDP) into a slight surplus by 2014/2015 without increasing taxes. With the budget details already baked into our outlook, our economic and financial forecasts are left unaltered. The only thing that the election results really changes is that securing a majority gives the government the political power to take the steps they view as necessary to achieving their four year fiscal plan, improving the odds of returning to balance. By Tuesday, market attention was captivated by events with more economic consequence. A broad based decline in commodity prices this week was led by a drop in the WTI price of oil to below $100. Elsewhere, gold and copper both fell roughly by 5%. Investors are increasingly coming to terms with the risks posed by an unsustainable pace of economic growth and rising inflation in developing economies. Overall, these events can be deemed as largely positive. For instance, despite the implied set back for the S&P/ TSX, the price of oil has moved down into a range that we view as being more consistent with supply and demand fundamentals. At current, levels the price of oil remains profitable for the resource sector. Softer commodity prices are also good for most economies, notably the U.S., as it leaves more CANADIAN DOLLAR AND OIL PRICES 120

U.S. $ per C$

WTI, U.S. $ per barrel

1.06

110

1.04

100

1.02

90

1.00

80 70

WTI Price of Oil (lhs)

0.98

Canadian dollar (rhs)

0.96

60 03-Jan2011

1.08

0.94 21-Jan2011

10-Feb2011

02-Mar2011

22-Mar2011

Source: Bank of Canada, WSJ, Haver Analytics

11-Apr2011

29-Apr2011

CANADIAN EMPLOYMENT Indexed at January 2004=100 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Source: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics

room in the pockets of households and businesses to spend on other major items such as investment and durable goods. Moreover, Canadian exporters received some reprieve as the Canadian dollar depreciated in lockstep with the price of oil by mid week. However, the simultaneous release of better-than-expected U.S. and Canadian employment data helped support the loonie at a still-lofty $1.04 U.S. by week’s end. The Canadian economy added a sizeable 58,000 jobs in April, while employment in the U.S. increased by a robust 244,000. Still, the Canadian unemployment rate has been stuck in a range of 7.6-7.8% since the start of this year, and remains well above the pre-recession low of 6.0%. And, while Canada’s employment market has turned out a decent performance since the start of the economic recovery, employment in manufacturing remains stuck in a rut, particularly with the dollar at high levels. This is a concern for those with skills directly related to goods-producing industries. So while deficit reduction is the focus of the federal government’s planned budget, job creation likely remains on the minds of many. The two, however, are not at odds in the medium term. There are many known economic benefits of scaling back government deficits. For one, it keeps interest rates low, which in turn helps spur private demand and hiring. As such, the ability of the government to stick to its four year plan of deficit reduction would be a bonus for the economy, and Canadian financial markets. Diana Petramala, Economist 416-982-6420


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TD Economics

May 6, 2011

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U.S.: UPCOMING KEY ECONOMIC RELEASES U.S. International Trade - March* Release Date: May 11, 2011 February Result: -$45.8B TD Forecast: -$46.0B Consensus: -$47.0B

Higher commodities prices should continue to keep the trade deficit in elevated territory in March. During the month we expect the deficit to rise marginally to $46.0B from $45.8B in February. Higher energy prices should be the key factor continuing to push the deficit higher, more than offsetting the improvement in the non-petroleum trade balance that has been driven by the weak dollar and rising global demand for US products. However, with the surge in energy prices beginning to result in demand destruction for energy, the 2.5% M/M drop in petroleum import should partially offset the 10% surge in prices during the month. In the coming months, with the weak dollar continuing to boost exports activity, the deficit should ease though this is likely to be offset by high energy prices.

U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE BALANCE US$, Billions

-25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55

Feb-10

Rising food and gasoline prices, and the sustained (though moderating) positive momentum in overall consumer spending should push total retail sales higher for the tenth consecutive month in April. During the month, we expect spending to post another respectable 0.6% M/M gain, following the slightly more modest 0.4% M/M advance the month before. The 6.6% M/M gain in gasoline prices should be tempered by falling fuel demand, with spending on gasoline expenditures rising at a slower pace than the month before. Spending on apparel, food services and housing relating components should also edge higher. Given a relatively flat auto expenditures profile, we expect sales excluding autos to also rise at a 0.6% M/M pace. Core consumer spending is also expected to be higher, rising by

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Source: Census Bureau / Haver Analytics

U.S. Retail Sales - April*

Release Date: May 12, 2011 March Result: Retail Sales 0.4% M/M; Retail Sales exautos 0.8% M/M; Retail Sales ex. Autos & Gas 0.5% TD Forecast: Retail Sales 0.6% M/M; Retail Sales ex-autos 0.6% M/M; Retail Sales ex. Autos & Gas 0.4% Consensus: Retail Sales 0.6% M/M; Retail Sales ex-autos 0.6% M/M; Retail Sales ex. Autos & Gas 0.5%

Apr-10

U.S. RETAIL AND FOOD SERVICES SALES 2.5

M/M % Chg.

2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0

Total

-1.5

Excl. Automotive Dealers

-2.0 -2.5 Mar-10

May-10

Jul-10

Sep-10

Nov-10

Jan-11

Mar-11

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce / Haver Analytics

0.4% M/M, reflecting the continuing positive tone in overall consumer spending. In the months ahead, given the continued recovery in overall economic conditions and sustained employment growth, we expect the advance in consumer spending to be sustained.

*Forecast by Rates and FX Strategy Group. For further information, contact TDRates&FXResearch@tdsecurities.com.


The Weekly Bottom Line May 6, 2011

U.S. CPI - April*

Release Date: May 13, 2011 March Result: core 0.1% M/M; all-items 0.5% M/M, TD Forecast: core 0.2% M/M; all-items 0.4% M/M Consensus: core 0.2% M/M; all-items 0.4% M/M As the recent run-up in food and energy prices continue to filter through to consumer prices, we expect the headline CPI inflation rate to post a new cyclical high in April. During the month, our call is for headline the headline CPI index to rise by 0.4% M/M, marking the fifth consecutive month of strong consumer price gains. On an annual basis, the pace of consumer price inflation should accelerate to 3.0% Y/Y from 2.7% Y/Y the month before. Much of the gains in the headline number should come from the surge in energy prices, which we expect to post another robust 2% M/M rise. Excluding food and energy, core consumer prices are expected to rise at a more modest 0.2% M/M pace, mostly on account of rising rent prices. On an annual basis, core inflation should accelerate to 1.3% Y/Y from 1.2% Y/Y in March. In the coming months, with the

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U.S. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) Y/Y % Chg. 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5

All Items

All Items Ex. Food and Energy

-1.0 Apr-10

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics / Haver Analytics

considerable economic slack likely to remain a key factor placing downward pressure on core consumer prices, we expect annual core inflation to continue the slow upward trek, providing some discomfort for the Fed.

*Forecast by Rates and FX Strategy Group. For further information, contact TDRates&FXResearch@tdsecurities.com.


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May 6, 2011

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CANADA: UPCOMING KEY ECONOMIC RELEASES Canadian Housing Starts - April* Release Date: May 9, 2011 March Result: 188.8K TD Forecast: 184.0K Consensus: 183.0K

Housing starts are forecast to have decelerated just modestly in April to 184K annualized units. This move can be attributed primarily to below-seasonal and wetter-than normal weather and an anticipated pullback in rural starts. By comparison, single unit starts are expected to remain in the neighbourhood of 63K annualized units while multiple units are forecast to have accelerated incrementally to 103K. The recent moderation in building permits combined with an uptick in residential mortgage rates should help slow housing activity over the coming months. For the quarter as a whole, we expect starts to slow from 178K to 160K, which is consistent with an overall moderation in Canada’s housing market.

CANADIAN HOUSING STARTS 225

After collapsing to zero in February, the trade balance is expected to slide further in March, ending up in a modest deficit of $0.2B. While both exports and imports are forecast to rebound from their respective declines in February, the estimated advance in the former of 3.8% will fall short of the 4.2% expected from the latter. After causing a significant disruption in the first two months of the year, both exports and imports of automobiles are expected to be relatively benign and generally positive. The disruption to the global supply chain caused by events in Japan will certainly introduce additional volatility in the months ahead but our expectation is that production in March was supported by accumulated inventories. The risk, however, is for a larger drop in imports marking the leading edge of the disruption, which could contribute to an unexpected and temporary increase in the trade balance. With the March data in hand, the first quarter for trade

Thousands

Urban Multiples (right scale)

110 100 90

200

80 70

175

Total Starts (left scale)

60

150

50 Mar-10

May-10

Jul-10

Sep-10

Nov-10

Jan-11

Mar-11

Source: CMHC / Haver Analytics

Canadian International Trade - March* Release Date: May 11, 2011 February Result: $0.0B TD Forecast: -$0.2B Consensus: $0.0B

Thousands

CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL MERCHANDISE TRADE 42

Dollars, Billions

40 38 36 34 32

Exports

30

Imports

28 26 Feb-10

Apr-10

Jun-10

Aug-10

Oct-10

Dec-10

Feb-11

Source: Statistics Canada / Haver Analytics

will come into focus. After accounting for higher export and import prices in March, quarterly exports are forecast to advance in the neighbourhood of 3.5% annualized. By contrast, imports should increase close to 15% on an annualized basis. With many of these imports destined to a restocking of inventories, we remain comfortable with our forecast for Q1 annualized economic growth of 3.8%.

*Forecast by Rates and FX Strategy Group. For further information, contact TDRates&FXResearch@tdsecurities.com.


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May 6, 2011

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RECENT KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS: MAY 2-6, 2011 Release Date

Economic Indicators

May 2 May 2 May 2 May 3 May 3 May 3 May 4 May 4 May 4 May 4 May 5 May 5 May 5 May 5 May 6 May 6 May 6 May 6 May 6

Construction Spending ISM Manufacturing ISM Prices Paid Factory Orders Total Vehicle Sales Domestic Vehicle Sales MBA Mortgage Applications Challenger Job Cuts ADP Employment Change ISM Non-Manf. Composite Nonfarm Productivity Unit Labor Costs Initial Jobless Claims Continuing Claims Change in Nonfarm Payrolls Unemployment Rate Avg Hourly Earnings All Employees Avg Weekly Hours All Employees Consumer Credit

May 2 May 2 May 5 May 5 May 6 May 6

Industrial Product Price Raw Materials Price Index Building Permits Ivey Purchasing Managers Index SA Net Change in Employment Unemployment Rate

May 3 AU RBA Cash Target May 3 UK PMI Manufacturing May 4 UK Nat'wide House Prices May 4 NZ Unemployment Rate May 5 GE Factory Orders May 5 UK BOE Announes Rates May 5 EC ECB Announces Interest Rates May 6 GE Industrial Production Source: Bloomberg, TD Economics

United States

Canada

International

Data for Period

Units

Current

Prior

Mar Apr Apr Mar Apr Apr 29-Apr Apr Apr Apr 1Q P 1Q P 30-Apr 23-Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Mar

M/M % Chg. Index Index M/M % Chg. Millions Millions W/W % Chg. Y/Y % Chg. Thousands Index Q/Q % Chg. Q/Q % Chg. Thousands Thousands Thousands % M/M % Chg. Hours USD, Blns

1.4 60.4 85.5 3.0 13.14 10.20 4.0 -4.8 179 52.8 1.6 1.0 474 3733 244 9.0 0.1 34.3 --

-2.4 61.2 85.0 0.7 13.06 9.94 -5.6 -38.6 207 57.3 2.9 -1.0 431 3659 221 8.8 0.2 34.3 7.617

Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr

M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. Index Thousands %

0.9 5.7 17.2 57.8 58.3 7.6

0.9 2.1 9.8 73.2 -1.5 7.7

-Apr Apr 1Q Mar --Mar

% Index Y/Y % Chg. % Y/Y % Chg. % % Y/Y % Chg.

4.75 54.6 -1.3 6.6 9.7 0.50 1.25 11.2

4.75 56.7 0.1 6.7 19.6 0.50 1.25 15.2

R

R

R R R R R R R

R R R

R R R

R


The Weekly Bottom Line May 6, 2011

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UPCOMING ECONOMIC RELEASES AND EVENTS: MAY 9-13, 2011 Release Date

Time*

May 10 May 10 May 10 May 10 May 10 May 11 May 11 May 11 May 11 May 11 May 11 May 12 May 12 May 12 May 12 May 12 May 12 May 12 May 12 May 13 May 13 May 13

7:30 8:30 10:00 10:00 12:45 7:00 8:30 10:00 12:15 13:00 14:00 8:30 8:30 8:30 8:30 8:30 8:30 8:30 10:00 8:30 8:30 9:55

May 9 May 9 May 12

8:15 8:30 8:30

Economic Indicator/Event

United States

NFIB Small Business Optimism Import Price Index IDP/TIPP Economic Optimism Wholesale Inventories Fed's Lacker Speaks on Economic Outlook in Arlington, VA MBA Mortgage Applications Trade Balance JOLTs Job Openings Fed's Lockhart Speaks on U.S. Economic Outlook in Atlanta Fed's Kocherlakota Speaks on Monetary Policy in New York Monthly Budget Statement Initial Jobless Claims Continuing Claims Producer Price Index PPI Ex Food & Energy Advance Retail Sales Retail Sales Less Autos Retail Sales Ex Autos & Gas Business Inventories Consumer Price Index CPI Ex Food & Energy U. of Michigan Confidence Housing Starts Int'l Merchandise Trade New Housing Price Index

Canada

International

May 9 -UK Halifax House Prices 3Mths/Year May 9 2:00 GE Trade Balance May 9 2:30 FR Bank of France Bus. Sentiment May 11 4:30 UK Total Trade Balance May 11 5:30 UK Bank of England Inflation Report May 11 19:50 JN Adjusted Current Account Total May 11 21:30 AU Unemployment Rate May 12 1:30 FR CPI - EU Harmonised May 12 4:00 EC ECB Publishes May Monthly Report May 12 5:00 EC Euro-Zone Ind. Prod. May 12 -UK NIESR GDP Estimate May 13 5:00 EC Euro-Zone GDP * Eastern Standard Time; Source: Bloomberg, TD Economics

Consensus Last Period Forecast

Data for Period

Units

Apr Apr May Mar

Index M/M % Chg. Index M/M % Chg.

1.8 -1.0

91.9 2.7 40.8 1.0

6-May Mar Mar

W/W % Chg. USD, Blns Thousands

--47.0 --

4.0 -45.8 3093

Apr 7-May 30-Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Mar Apr Apr May

USD, Blns Thousands Thousands M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. M/M % Chg. Index

-65.0 420 -0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.2 70.0

-188.2 474 3733 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 69.8

Apr Mar Mar

Thousands CAD, Blns M/M % Chg.

183.0 0.0 --

188.8 0.0 0.4

Apr Mar Apr Mar

Y/Y % Chg. EUR, Blns Index GBP, Mlns

-3.0 12.9 110 -3200

-2.9 12.1 110 -2443

Mar Apr Apr

Yen, Blns % Y/Y % Chg.

1016.2 4.9 2.3

1209.8 4.9 2.2

Mar Apr 1Q

Y/Y % Chg. M/M % Chg. Y/Y % Chg.

6.3 -2.2

7.3 0.7 2.0


The Weekly Bottom Line May 6, 2011

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CONTACTS AT TD ECONOMICS Craig Alexander Senior Vice President and Chief Economist mailto:craig.alexander@td.com

CANADIAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

U.S. & INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Derek Burleton, Vice President and Deputy Chief Economist mailto:derek.burleton@td.com Pascal Gauthier Senior Economist mailto:pascal.gauthier@td.com

Beata Caranci, Associate Vice President and Deputy Chief Economist mailto:beata.caranci@td.com James Marple Senior Economist mailto:james.marple@td.com

Diana Petramala Economist, Macro mailto:diana.petramala@td.com

Martin Schwerdtfeger Economist, International mailto:martin.schwerdtfeger@td.com

Francis Fong Economist, Special Studies mailto:francis.fong@td.com

Christos Shiamptanis Economist mailto:christos.shiamptanis@td.com

Dina Cover Economist, Industry mailto:dina.cover@td.com

Alistair Bentley Economist mailto:alistair.bentley@td.com

Shahrzad Mobasher Fard Economist, Industry mailto:shahrzad.fard@td.com

Chris Jones Economic Analyst mailto:christopher.w.jones@td.com

Sonya Gulati Economist, Regional and Government Finances mailto:sonya.gulati@td.com

TO REACH US

Leslie Preston Economic Analyst mailto:leslie.preston@td.com

Mailing Address 55 King Street West 21st Floor, TD Tower Toronto, Ontario M5K 1A2 Fax: (416) 944-5536 mailto:td.economics@td.com

This report is provided by TD Economics for customers of TD Bank Group. It is for information purposes only and may not be appropriate for other purposes. The report does not provide material information about the business and affairs of TD Bank Group and the members of TD Economics are not spokespersons for TD Bank Group with respect to its business and affairs. The information contained in this report has been drawn from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed to be accurate or complete. The report contains economic analysis and views, including about future economic and financial markets performance. These are based on certain assumptions and other factors, and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. The actual outcome may be materially different. The Toronto-Dominion Bank and its affiliates and related entities that comprise TD Bank Group are not liable for any errors or omissions in the information, analysis or views contained in this report, or for any loss or damage suffered.


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