HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE - DIGITAL BOOKLET JOSHUA M. BRIGHT (16119897)
Contents Page
Modernism
Page 1 - Modernism Page 2 - Pre-Raphaelites Page 3 - Bauhaus Page 4 - Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut (Presentation) Page 5 - Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut (Research) Page 6 - Manifesto Page 7 - Referencing and Bibliography (Worksheet) Page 8 - Essay Planning (Worksheet) Page 9 - Essay Poster Page 10 - Bibliography
What is ‘Modernism’? As stated by the Tate Gallery, London: “Modernism refers to the broad movement in Western arts and literature that gathered pace from around 1850, and is characterised by a deliberate rejection of the styles of the past; emphasising instead innovation and experimentation in forms, materials and techniques in order to create artworks that better reflected modern society” Examples of Archietcture that highlight the ‘modernist’ movement include Le Corbusier’s ‘Villa Savoye’, Frank Lloyd Wright’s ‘Falling Water’ and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s ‘Barceloan Pavillion’ ‘Modernism’ developed further druing the ‘Deutscher Werkbund’ giving birth to some of the most argued statements in the history of Architecture, such as Le Corbusier’s “A house is a machine for living” and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s “Less is more”.
The Pre-Raphaelites
The Bauhaus Designs The ‘Bauhaus meisterhäuser’ is a set of houses designed for the masters (or as we say today ‘Lecturers’) of the Bauhaus by Walter Gropius himself in 1925 when the school was moved to Dessau in order to avois confrontaion from the Nazi party during the preworld war II era.
Who are the “Pre-Raphaelites?
To me, this encapsualates what the Bauhaus represents in the precision and uniformity of the design.
The ‘Pre-Raphaeltise’ aimed to “reform art by rejecting what it considered the mechanistic approach” of artists such as Raphael and Michelangelo. The group was founed in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti and influenced artists such as Edward Burne-Jones.
The Le Corbusier ‘Sessel LC1 Basculant’ designed in 1928. However, Le Corbusier designed three seperate models to be shown at shows in 1928, 1929 and 1930, yet the ‘Sessel LC1 Basculant’ did not hit the production lines until 1965.
Edward Burne-Jones The image to the left is of Edward Burn-Jones stained glass windows at St. Phillips Cathedral in Birmingham called ‘The Ascension’ - depicting “Christ ascends into Glory in the company of angels”. From this image, we can clearly see the craftmanship, attention to detail and use of strong bold colors used by Edward BurneJones. Edward Burne-Jones also designed the windows either side of ‘The Ascension’.
This chair represents the minimalistic, yet innivative desings of the bauhaus, with it’s slender steel tubing and smooth black leather. The ‘Universal Bayer’ designed by Herbert Bayer in 1925 was a minimalistic font with a simple sansserf style to replace the common German Hitherto (medieval script) font that was common at the time. Although this font was never produced for metal print, I still feel as though that it is one of the most important fonts of the bauhaus as it simply through out the use of a capital later as Herbet Bayer stated that “the upper case was redundant, since the destinction between upper and lower case conveyed nophonetic difference.”
Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut, Ronchamp Le Corbusier, 1955 Research
Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut, Ronchamp Le Corbusier, 1955 Presentation
Site
The following slides are from a group project in which we had to research one of three Le Corbusier buildings, from which we received the ‘Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut’. We then had to research information such as the site, intention, history and structure itself.
The ‘Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut’, Ronchamp, is situated on a hill near Belfort in the east of France and was completed in 1955 after the original church was destoryed during World War 2.
From this research, we had to give a brief 5 minute presentation ti iur lecturers.
Intention The ‘Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut’ is a working religious building under the guarianship of the private foundation “Association de l’Oeuvre de Notre-Dame du Haut” andattracts 80,000 each year, for both architectural and religous reaosns.
History The original ‘Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut’ was destroyed during World War 2 and was put into the hands of Le Corbusier in order to rebuild the chapelle that once stoof there. It is commonly thought of as one of Le Corbusiers more extreme designs as it is both powerful and complex.
Structure The ‘Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut’ has very thick walls meaning the inside feels very small. This is due to the upside down roof which is supported by columns inside of the walls. The negative sapces with in the chapell are filled with light by the stained glass windows.
Task 6 - Manifesto design
Task 7 - Referencing and Bibliography Worksheet
What did I learn from this booklet? I learned that in order to reference correctly, you must incure that the source you have found is reliable, as well as the simplicity of finding out the necessary information such as author, publishing date, etc. I also learned that in order for my sources to be classed as viable, they must be perfectly cited in my text, as well as having a mature source, rather than a children’s information website or an editable source such as wikipedia.
What did I struggle to understand? I struggled to understand the idea of approaching the referecning system like the ocean with icebergs and fishes, yet when you delve deeper into referncing, comparing the legitimacy of sources to the likening to an appearanceof a fish, it makes sense. The same goes for the depth of a piece of writting to an iceberg.
Task 8 - Essay Planning
Task 9 - Essay Planning
Task 10 - Bibliography Booklet references: Le Corbusier image: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/3a/8f/d6/3a8fd633fb06de5539eac99e89b0a4a6.jpg Modernism Image: http://designonline.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Hot-Modernism-APDL_HotModernism-844x5501.jpg Bauhaus Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Bauhaus_Dessau-001.jpg Tate Modern quote: Reference: http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/m/modernism Villa Savoye Image: https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2016/07/villa-savoye-le-corbusier-poissy-france-unesco-world-heritage_dezeen_1568_0.jpg Barcelona Pavilion Image: http://www.plusstudio.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Mies_Padiglione_Barcellona-4.jpg Falling Water image: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/icTxDuxYPIk/maxresdefault.jpg Deutscher Werkbund Image: http://voices.uchicago.edu/201504arth15709-01a2/files/2015/11/Exhibitions-Factory-Administration-Building-Gropius-tv1z5s.jpg Proserpine Painting Image: http://www.tate.org.uk/art/images/work/N/N05/N05064_10.jpg Pre-Raphaelite quote 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood William Holman Hunt Self Portrait: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/William_Holman_Hunt_-_Selfportrait.jpg Edward Burne-Jones Image: https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3853/14632242569_6428512f05_b.jpg ‘The Ascension’ info: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47859152@N05/14632242569 Bauhaus meisterhäuser Image and information: http://www.archdaily.com/tag/bauhaus Bauhaus meisterhäuser information: http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/masters-houses.html Bauhaus Chair Le Corbusier: https://www.timelessclassics.net/img/extra/bauhaus_sessel_lc1_designklassiker_le_corbusier_basculant_schwarz.jpg Bauhaus Le Corbusier Chair info: http://www.cassina.com/en/collection/chairs/lc1 Image of the Bauhaus: http://www.designishistory.com/files/gimgs/40_bauhaus01.jpg Universal Bayer Image: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/73/3a/64/733a640b6906dc2d346876976d8a6af5.jpg Universal Bayer info: http://www.theartstory.org/movement-bauhaus-artworks.htm Bauhaus lower image: http://www.dmm.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/bauhaus.jpg Chapelle Notre-Dame image: https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2016/07/notre-dame-du-haut-le-corbusier-ronchamp-france-unesco_dezeen_1568_1.jpg Research information: Chapelle Notre-Dame: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_du_Haut#Site Floor plan: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/e0/a1/08/e0a108dc43fe1aead2885cab08877f06.jpg People viewing the inside: https://s3.amazonaws.com/gs-waymarking-images/2db9bbf6-495b-406f-92a7-91e54b79a416.JPG Original Chapel: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Chapelle_Notre-Dame-du_Haut_04.jpg/260px-Chapelle_Notre-Damedu_Haut_04.jpg Inside view: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3a/66/92/3a6692f764d9e32d2abf433510739d54.jpg Chalkboard background: http://img04.deviantart.net/dd7c/i/2015/010/0/3/chalkboard_texture_mc2015_by_mattiamc-d8dbnac.jpg Le Corbusier’s 5 points of architecture sketch: http://www.yudtini.com/image/villa13.jpg Villa Savoye: http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5037/e694/28ba/0d59/9b00/035d/large_jpg/stringio.jpg?1414231174 Villa Savoye: http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5037/e699/28ba/0d59/9b00/035e/medium_jpg/stringio.jpg?1414231181 Villa Savoye Interior: http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/Corbu/savoye6.jpg All sources were accessed on the 27th of December 2016