JOURNAL
PART B MENGJIA JOWETT ZHAO 582241
Part B Criteria Design
B.1 Researching Field Material System__Biomimicy
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Fishing School (wind) John Dabiri
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From the aspect of biology, any group of fish that gather together are said to be shoaling. All the fishes take in the same direction in a coordinated manner and this is the idea of fish schooling. The fish schooling theory shows that the group of fish will save energy when they swimming together. Professor Dabiri (California institute of technology) and his team take inspiration from fish schooling to develop the wind farms. they states that “demonstrate an demonstrate an alternative approach to wind farming that has the potential to concurrently reduce the cost, size, and environmental impacts of wind farms”. 1 The idea of “innovation inspired by nature” is often used architectural design. Form the nature world, we can see many animals has already solved problems that we grappling with. Afterthat, we can use this method to solve and improve our design. In biomimicry, we look at nature as model, measure and mentor. By studying nature’s models and then emulates these forms, process, systems and strategies to solve human problems, which is more sustainably. Biomimicry also can be use as an ecological standard to judge the sustainability of our innovations. As a mentor, biomimicry brings a new way for human to thinking and valuing nature.
1. “Learning from fish schools.” Biomimicry KTH, last modified 5 May 2014, http://biomimicrykth.blogspot.com. au/2012/05/learning-from-fish-schools.html.
http://faulders-studio.com/AIRSPACE-TOKYO
B.1 Researching Field Precedent 01__Tokyo Airspace + Japan _2007
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TOKYO AIRSPACE Faulders Studio Faulders studio's facade design of Tokyo Airspace is an example how nature helps designer to solve the problem. The aims of this design are to invent an architectural system that performs with similar attributes to the demolished green strip and create a new atmospheric space of protection. The artificial vegetation provides the idea of the screen design. Rather than destroy the nature, designer uses nature pattern as a beginning point to explore the building. They show the idea of learning from nature. The facade also provides a special connection between indoor and outdoor. "The articulated densities of the porous and open-celled meshwork are layered in response to the inner working of the building's program."1 Metallic surface are artificial blends with nature since "sunlight is refracted along the surfaces; rainwater is channeled away from exterior walkways via capillary action; and interior views are shielded behind its variegated and foliage-like cover." Tokyo Airspace is an example shows how nature inspired designer and affects the design, that build a bridge in nature and architecture.
1.“AIRSPACE TOKYO.� FAULDER STUDIO, last modified 5 May 2014, http://faulders-studio.com/AIRSPACETOKYO.
B.2 Case Study 1.0 Precedent 02__The Morning Line + Vienna 2011
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The morning line is Art Contemporary ( von Habsburg on Jun
THE MORNING LINE Matthwe Ritchie
As an interdisciplina sound designer and design creates a cry
Under a 3- year resea architectural languag identity since it is equ
The morning line’ ‘slider’s number All the iterations ba basic formula. By se in next page). After and thus the large f in grasshopper, we
an experimental project by Matthew Ritchie and it is displayed in Thyssen-Bornemisza (T-B A21), the Vienna based foundation for contemporary art founded by Francesca ne 7, 2011. This public art project featuring 27sound artists and nine new compositions.1
ary pavilion project, the morning line combines artists, architects, engineers, physicists, musicians’ own specialized information to create a new form. The use of parametric ystalline structure, fractal construction unit and a three-dimensional sound space.
arch about challenging architectural convention, Matthew’s team explores a non-linear ge that is based on fractal geometry and parametric design. The morning line owns a sonic uipped with 50 speakers and it was controlled by an advanced multispatial audio system.2
’s definition helps us to understand the project’s structure. In grasshopper, r change will create many different iteration. But it is not all random possibilities. ased on a mathematic formula, the relationship and ratio between x, y, z creates the etting a triangle and changing its x, y, z value, we get different outcomes (as showed r the satisfied form comes out, use this small triangle shape apply to a large form, form will consists a group of small triangles. By changing the value of the script will get unique possibilities and iterations and it is better set up for future tasks.
1. “ZAVOLOKA at THE MORNING LINE in Vienna in June 2011.” Kvitnu, last modified 5 May 2014, http://kvitnu.com/zavoloka-at-themorning-line-in-vienna-in-june-2011/. 2. “The morning line by matthew ritchie with aranda\lasch and arup.” Designboom, last modified 5 May 2014, http://www.designboom.com/art/themorning-line-by-matthew-ritchie-witharanda-lasch-and-arup/.
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Increasing UV number
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Increasing UV number
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4 successful iterations
1. This iteration divides into small triangle pieces and forms as a pyramid, it is quite unique since this is the only iteration that has no connection between small parts, which means all small components are floating. This idea can be used in my design to express the motion of wind. The brief wants to create a nature and special sculpture, this iteration can satisfy this need due to its interesting position and connection (we can use line to link small pieces).
2. Compare to the first iteration, the second one looks rigid and inflexible. The whole structure provides a heavy and stable feeling. However, this sense can be a feature of the design; by using basic principle and shape to create an interesting form. The Centro symmetry highlights the axis, and leads the form become rational and geometrical.
3. This iteration has five points locate at the end of the angle and one in the center, this look like a simplified version of iteration 2. The center space is extended and took lines instead of geometry. However, it still has a small heavy point at the end. This iteration look interesting to me because it combines different shape and shows a good space division.
4. The end extrude line looks out of control, but this kind of crazy line may brings unexpected outcomes. Sometimes, crazy forms and lines is a key for a good design because we have to break the tradition and find a new way, especially in this design, ‘grasshopper’ will always lead us to get some unexpected result.
B.3 Case Study 2.0 Precedent 03__Catasetum project + Vienna 2011
Catasetum Project Philip H Wilck This project is a design for music pavilion at the Stadpark in Vienna (Austria). The biological shell geometries follow the shape of the ear and human's mussel (biomimicry). The separate elements provide spaces and areas for a fully self-sufficient energy supply regarding ecological thinking, host interaction and active materials. This is a new discipline that studies nature's best ideas and then imitates these designs and processes to solve human problems. 1 Philip H Wilck wants to use different geometrical and material configuration to create a complex music experience, intent users to comprehend the inherent laws of nature. Wilck also wants this music concrete as a unique and special building to show the aesthetic of music, such as the romanticism of music. It is a very good project for music concrete since it achieves its intention that shows a complex music experience. From the overall appearance, the floating shapes and lines provide a sense of soft and complex. This project will surprise users at glance since this is a very special design for music concrete. However, in my own opinion, this design is too biomimicry, it doesn't looks like music concert, it is more like a machine that can produce music or an walking object, it doesn't produce a sense of romanticism for me. This is a very cool project due to its unique shape; this is a generative design by using computer software and provides a creavtive expression of music concert. This deisgn also embracks on rethinking traditional architectural concepts.
1.“THE CATASETUM PROJECT//musicpavilion.� suckerPUNCH, last modified 5 May 2014, http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2012/01/11/the-catasetum-project-musicpavilion/.
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B.3 Case Study 2.0 Reverse- Engineer using grasshopper We aim to create the precedent’s soft, gentle and unrestrained curves. The wave pattern that we generate has a good respond to a musical composition. The complexity of geometry shows a number of different components running simultaneously. Hence, we decide to follow its structure and pattern. From catasetum project, we take the major line of the shape and then set the circle on the each different point. By diving the point of the surface, line charges will expand to different directions and form in random line works.
line charge based on the curve
Drawing circles in Photoshop and then export to grasshopper. Using image sample to generate lines and dots of the shape (different dense)
Reducing spin force strength
Changing radius parameter of the circles
Extrude line to form a 3D mesh surface and start to generate surface
B.3 Case Study 2.0 Reverse- Engineer using grasshopper mapper line work to genreate various movements of the curves (height depend on Z vector)
Parabolic graph
X^u graph
shape formation
Sine summation
B.3 Case Study 2.0 Reverse- Engineer using grasshopper Since it is hard to get the surface that precedent generate, we start looking at the Kangaroo physics. We took the base surface from previous line work and set points at the center of the circles. By setting several points, the surface will atomically grow up by physic logic (WaveBird). The position of the points is changeable, and thus various outcomes come out. Since we choose wind energy, the floating idea is quite suitable for the movement of the wind and close to the catasum project's soft and gentle curve.
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01. There is a mesh come out from the WaveBird, we can directly apply a WaveBird Transform to create the pattern. If we want to apply other patter, we need to make the mesh to a continuous surface.
Biomimicry
Force and vector driven geometry
These three forms all follow the shape of the precedent, since the method is different, we generate various options and select three best outcome. The reason for three options is because we not sure which is the best appropriate form of the precedent and provide more space to develop the form in B4.
Generating surfaces (from Kangaroo)
Apply pattern on surface (start with curves and form as a surface)
B4_
Since our precedent is a generative design, it is hard to get exactly form as the designer did. Hence, we start to trace precedent’s form and try to get a similar form. Although the outcome still far from the original shape, we did similar curve shape from the precedent. By creating a kangaroo script, we start to generate different surface and this is a good start to generate more interesting iteration in B4.
B4_
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B4
3 successful iteration
The floating pieces give a sense of wind, which represents its gentle characteristic. The small curve can guide users enter the sculpture, after that, users will found a large space after the small curve entry, this will surprising people, and lead them to see the river view. Since the floating pieces have no connection, it is hard to make the iteration. But we should try using transparent to support the floating panels. And thus will create a gentle and soft feeling. This form does has not much space to install piezoelectric pads to generate energy.
Honeycomb is a distinct example of biomimicry and this shape has been used in many architecture designs. We choose to use this shape in our design to echo the idea of biomimicry. This shape is also a symbol of nature, when users see this pattern, they will think about nature environment. The space between the frame can be use to install energy collector, such as piezoelectric pads and turbines. Fabrication is not too hard in this iteration, but the curve will create some problem between connections. Hence, we still need to think about material and connections for this iteration.
The light frame structure organic form brings an idea of ‘environmental friendly’. The different density of the frame and height of the highest point brings a combination between geometry and biomimcry. This frame structure will provide a nice shadow. Compare to the second iteration, this iteration’s spare space is larger, and thus more energy collectors can be install. The connection between each rail can be a feature of the design, we will explore more in B5 and try to get a nice outcome.
B5 Technique: Propotype
Material /Assembly `We tried several materials to test different prototypes. The first one is balsa wood, we want the connection has no nail that represent a clean and solid joinery, just like traditional Asian joinery. This method highlights the idea of ‘green’ and nature since there is no factory element. In order to hold the whole timber structure framing, the connection between the land and the structure need to be steel so that the project can be stable. Another prototype of steel will use the steel connection, there is a problem about the material is the temperature of the steel since steel will have extremely hot temperature after high sun exposure.
Wood Joinery
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Wood Joinery
Steel Joints
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Prototype 1
To start test the iteration, we unroll the shape from rhino and hand cut the balsa wood. This time, we didn’t work too much on joinery since it is too hard to apply on the small wood. In the process of model making, we found that it is hard to make a curve structure. The whole structure is fragile, but it is stable when they glue together. The large gap can produce large space of energy collectors, and wood is a good nature material to represent the ‘green city’.This prototype close to our conceptual idea due to its organic structure and nature material.
Prototype 2
Cotton swabs-fibre glass Malleable and lightweight Good tensile and compressive strength Connection ensure robustree This prototype is a structure example for us, we can use this connection is wood and steel of other material, the way of not using nails is very eco-friendly and this is the connection that we looking for.
Prototype 3
Semi-transparent polypropylene plastic sheet This prototype exhibits potential for “vibro-wind� technology, which harness energy from the wind via piezoelectric material. However, it is hard to make the connection between the plastic sheet and top handing sheet. The way of floating id quite interesting for us, we should apply this technique to other prototype, put these plastic sheets hang in the framing structure.
Prototype 4
Steel is solid and hard material; it has a good tensile and compressive strength; use this as a structure will bring a stable frame. The various connections for steel could help us to generate many forms. But the high sun exposure will increase steel’s temperature; we may need to add some material on steel to avoid high temperature
Wind Access point Access point (Water Taxi Terminal) Sun path Summer 17.5 hours of daylight Winter 7 hours of daylight
B6 Technique: Proposal Site analysis
B6 Technique: Proposal
According the design brief, our project needs to aim to produce a green and creative sculptural, which own the ideas of ecological systems, human habitation and energy. We choose to use balsa wood as the major construction material since this is a nature material and will reflect the design idea of ‘green city’. Wood is carbon neutral and environmental friendly. The surroundind environments are all factories, which are full of steel and concrete. Hence, wood construction will become an special material in that area. The combination of water and wood is a good example of nature world, when users enter the site, we will feel they are involve in the beautiful ‘forest’, especially compare to the surrounding factories. Parametric design brings an amazing pattern and shape for us. The curve form represents the motion of the wind, and the timber batten framing looks like the structure of the wind. Since the wind is transparent, people can only feel it and cant not see it. In our design, we should show users how wind moves and its appearance as well. We choose piezoelectric pad to generate energy from wind vibration, and thus this user can see wind’s movement through piezoelectric pads. Our conceptual design is nature and gentle since this is the expression from nature world, especially from the characteristic of the wind. Since this is a framing structure, the size of the hollow parts is different because we want to make the energy more efficiency. According the first precedent (fish schooling – John Dabiri’s wind mills), Pr Dabiri’s team found that the group of fish swimming would save more energy, which shows that dense cells working together will produce more energy. Hence, we change the size of the frame; piezoelectric pad will be placed in different density and produce different energy volume. Compare to other prototypes in B5, this design own more characteristic of nature and renewable energy is easier to install in. rhombus’s shape provide a sense of basic and clean, but the overall appearance bring a complex feeling. The ides of using basic shape to create complex shape reflect the history of the city that Copenhagen starts from a small town to a big city. This tells users that small basic thing can produce amazing work. The project is next to the sea, and thus the microenvironment will be wet and windy, this is not a good condition for wood because wood will shrink and collapse due to wet weather. To solve this problem, we can add steel protection at the joins to reinforce the strength of the wood.
B6 Energy generation
Wind Energy collector pathway
B6 Energy generation
Piezoelectric pad Image 9
Piezoelectric pad panel Image 10
Energy Tra
nsfer
Energy produced Image 11
B7 Learning Objective and outcomes
Part B is a starting point of the design, techniques and material testing. Computation design as a generative design provides many opportunities for design work. Most iterations surprise us because we never image this form will be created in that way. On the other hand, Grasshopper is not only can produce unexpected outcome to designer, it also has it own logical method to produce work. At first, I was not familiar with grasshopper and thus I think parametric design all depend on random trying, however, when I start trying build a model in grasshopper, I realize that everything in this software need to calculate and think, even when you changing the number slider, it may have a mathematic formula inside. In order to meet the requirement of the brief, we need test more material and connection method, so that we can get the best outcome for the proposal. we also need to explore more computation knowledge to help us to get the expected result. The use of kangaroo helps me to understand the relationship between physic force and gravity. Since brief wants a green and cool sculpture design, grasshopper can be a good assistant for us to generate ideas and development them. The feedback from the presentation points out the missing points that we forget to look at. Connections and renewable energy collector are two major missing areas. We did some research after the presentation, I realize connection is really important for a design work because it controls the strength of whole structure and also shows the beauty of the design. Since the brief is aiming at energy and resource generation, and therefore, the installation of energy collector is also vital for this design. The bad connection between the energy collector and prototype will create lot of problems. We have to satisfy the basic requirement, and then start to create interesting forms. From this section, I have some knowledge about grasshopper. I start to understand how does each component works together. In B4, I applied pattern on it, and this is so difficult for me at first. By researching online resources and watching tutorial videos, I start to understand how does the pattern’s works. We have to calculate the point of the pattern and make it into surface. If we using kangaroo to generate the form, we need to take the edge surface of the mesh (kangaroo-Wavebird will produce mesh at the en) and then form a continuous surface to apply pattern. Overall, this section is really helpful because it force me to get lots of knowledge of grasshopper and let me really know the idea of parametric design. I will use software to develop our proposal and start thinking the best structure connections.
B8 APPENDIXAlgorithmic sketches
Start with grid of points, and set deconstruction, make it random to anthoer points, and then use voronoi. make three different layers and combine them together, thatis tokyo space
Use voronoi to create the pattern and then use a grahpy curve to control the density of the pattern.
the use of Kangaroo, but set random points, when point move, the suface to go different.
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