Integral Design Method Public Space (Dutch acronym: IOOR)
_IOOR publication
_IOOR in brief
_AID Manual for land allocation and façade requirements
_UPCYCLE AMSTEL
_Digitalisation
_Financial analysis
_Success of the IOOR
Case Amstel-Stad
Water and green structure Amstel-Stad
ArenAPoort MORO
IAP Wallengebied
IOOR in Bospolder-Tussendijken, Rotterdam
City Deal Public Space
Method for Spatial Climate Adaptation
BiodiverCITY_A Matter of Vital Soil!
_Working together on the soil
_Onder Het Maaiveld (Below Ground Level)
_Academic Workshop Soil
_Hidden BiodiverCITY
_Messages to the city council
Ecological water quality
Noorder IJplas
The Devies Magazine 2039
Sustainable Area Development
Haven-Stad Development Strategy
Feasibility study Zaanstraat railway emplacement
Study circular economy Zaanstraat railway emplacement
Haarlemmerweg - N200
Molenwerf restructuring
Amstelscheg A9
Joyce van den Berg is driven by the potential of the unknown and a genuine passion for science, art and ecology. She is by nature an explorer, pioneer and innovator. As an experienced and talented landscape architect she has for many years devoted her strengths and creativity to the public space and a sustainable, climateresilient future for cities. In both her own creative process and in collaboration with others, Van den Berg sees learning, investigating and visualising as fixed elements of the design process. Thanks to her large network and her own curiosity, Van den Berg closely follows (innovative) trends in scientific research. With this approach, she is able to identify knowledge gaps and new challenges at an early stage, and knows how to convert these into practice-oriented and evidencebased solutions and methods.
By Hans van der Made, senior urban planning and strategic adviser spatial planning of the City
W ORKING METHOD
Innovative projects and complex transition processes form the golden thread throughout the work of Joyce van den Berg. In the middle of uncertainty and chaos that other people might shy away from, Van den Berg is in her element: she discerns new structures in the chaos, converts inspiration into innovation and, of course, collaborates in an interdisciplinary manner. With her methodical way of thinking and working, she knows how to make complex tasks accessible and manageable in small steps. Van den Berg is fully committed to creating public and ecological value while at the same time ensuring a positive, horizontal organisational structure where people enjoy delivering high quality. As a designer, she not only achieves structure and innovations in spatial and landscape architecture challenges, but also in the chaotic “ecology” of the bureaucratic system itself. A motivating question in this regard is how municipal collaborative structures, funding techniques and accountability processes can be better set up to facilitate sustainability and densification tasks within the limited time available for these.
As can be seen from her portfolio, Van den Berg has developed herself during her career from a designer-illustrator of spatial plans into a designer-initiator who develops new policy fields and innovative design methods, and prepares a new generation of designers for the complex issues of our time. With her passion for learning, Van den Berg is always looking for new knowledge and developing new ideas. In recent years, her work also includes a growing number of more tactical and strategic projects with a strong agenda-setting component for both design and policy. Examples of this are the Integral Design Method Public Space (Dutch acronym IOOR), BiodiverCITY and the ecological water quality in the Integral Area Plan (IAP) Wallengebied. A common factor in these projects is the emphasis on research and close collaboration with researchers and knowledge institutions. The strength of these innovative projects lies in the robust exchange between theory and policy, on the one hand, and the operational side of design practice on the other. Her strong focus on the ‘but how’ of sustainability and integration issues is highly valued by fellow designers and fills a gap in present approaches to making the spatial domain more sustainable.
Innovation and transformation processes require not just vision and creativity, but also persistence and the ability to deal with resistance. Van den Berg has for many years studied both the theoretical and practical aspects of how creativity, innovation processes, behavioural change, organisational change and, ultimately, societal change unfold. On the Roger’s curve, Van den Berg is part of the 2.5% of innovators who lead the way in developing new technologies.
Risk takers who have the resources and desire to try new things, even if they fail.
Are selective about which technologies they start using. They are considered ‘one to check in with’ for new information and reduce others uncertainty about new technology by adopting it.
Technology Adoption Curve
Take their time before adopting a new idea. They are willing to embrace a new technology as long as they understand how it fits with their lives.
Adopt in reaction to peer pressure, emerging norms or economic necessity. Most of the uncertainty around an idea must be resolved before they adopt.
Are traditional and make decisions based on past experience. They are often economically unable to take risks on new ideas.
In that capacity, she has on many occasions, experienced the “law of the handicap of a head start”. Using positive emotions is an important tactic for Van den Berg when it comes to dealing with resistance and not being discouraged by the umpteenth “no”. However, motivating each other to think in terms of opportunities instead of obstacles is vital to ensure good collaboration with colleagues, interns, and other project partners.
For major transformation processes, Van den Berg deploys a range of knowledge and expertise, such as the IOOR method that changes the entire design process of the public space. A case in point is the “big, small, inside, outside” tactic for change in which the “big” story (with background and future vision) is told in presentations and publications, and at the same time, the small story (personal and applied stories) is shared with colleagues and acquaintances. Investments are also made in building up mutual understanding and recognition in a large network of collaborative partners and stakeholders external to the own organisation. Creating support outside of the organisation helps to accelerate change within the organisation.
Neural networks and living systems form a major source of inspiration in the work of Van den Berg. Take, for example, her large professional network in the Netherlands and internationally, as a result of which playful ideas quickly develop into successful collaborative projects. An important pillar of this approach is “diagonal collaboration” with colleagues and partners from all sections of the organisation and society. Joyce possesses a considerableadaptive capacity to continually adjust course and content
based on external and internal fluctuations, just like mycelium threads or plant roots that widely explore the environment, but also very effectively determine a route and form to utilise raw materials as efficiently as possible. In practice, this means continually and quickly switching between systems thinking and considerations for the technical realisation. Her Research & Development approach, which extends from scientific research and policy to the practical application in design, implementation and management, is known to large technical companies but is relatively unique in the municipal context. Despite her growing influence on policy, Van den Berg has, in recent years, deliberately chosen to retain applied design projects in her work package. Within these projects, the focus lies on combining technical innovation, high social-ecological value and system change. For example, the Integral Design Method Public Space (p.18) emerged from the project for transforming Amstel-Stad and was further developed based on the redevelopment of the city centre of Amsterdam (p.60). At the same time, Van den Berg continues to strive for workable and future-oriented policy development and legislation via the City Deal Public Space (p.72) and for putting the importance of soil and biodiversity on the agenda via research initiatives like BiodiverCITY (p.78), Hidden BiodiverCITY (p.89) and the Academic Workshop Soil (p.88).
Van den Berg is also regularly invited to share her knowledge with other cities and universities by, for example, giving guest lectures at the University of Weimar (Germany) and Rhode Island School of Design (USA), or lectures in Jakarta and Tokyo. In turn, this knowledge dissemination with a diverse public and people representing a range of disciplines also creates input for the innovation and development of ideas that underlie her projects.
Van den Berg’s innovation at the project and system levels is always informed and driven by data and science. She and her design team regularly adopt the “data detective” mode to discover or generate relevant data for the underpinning of design decisions and to discover new challenges. One such example is the growing role of digital tools and artificial intelligence in supporting and accelerating the design and management of public space. In recent years, Van den Berg’s team has devoted attention to developing and applying parametric design tools for the more efficient organisation of the underground of public space but also for innovative visualisations, such as the IOOR digitalisation (p.32). Developments in artificial intelligence are closely followed to investigate new ways of thinking, working and communicating in a playful manner, such as The Integral Way (p.10). Developing a new concept into a proven design system requires a lot of work and steps. Van den Berg therefore applies the TRL method to system change in the spatial domain. Due to the extreme complexity and risk associated with spaceflight, NASA developed a structured measurement system to gauge how “ready” a certain innovation is, and this approach is known as the Technology Readiness Level or TRL. Now, the TRL is used for innovations in many different domains, although its use is still relatively new in spatial planning.
In a nutshell, Van den Berg’s working method is characterised by continuous innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, scientific research, and room for living systems. Thus, she knows, for example, how to combine complex spatial projects with all major sustainability issues to create integral designs for a liveable city in the future.
By Joyce van den Berg
PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE
The world is in transition. Old systems, working methods and concepts can no longer guarantee a safe, liveable or sustainable future. In the spatial domain, and especially in the public space, the physical elaborations of many different transition challenges come together: new energy systems, more data cables, better rainwater infiltration, high-quality greenery for biodiversity and experiencing nature, and new forms of mobility. In addition to developing and applying new technologies for these different tasks, the organisational aspect is a major challenge too. At present, the adaptation of the public space is not happening quickly or efficiently enough. In Amsterdam, for example, about 40 streets per year are tackled instead of the required 300. If local, national and international climate goals are to be met, the work needs to be carried out much faster and in a radically different way. The excavation damage in Amsterdam is considerable as well. Each year, there are 45,000 excavations (for various types of infrastructure such as data cables, the sewage system or planting trees), streets or pavements are often dug up repeatedly, and there are also 1800 reports of damage to electric cables or water pipes struck by excavators, for example. This required acceleration means that the next decade will witness a major shortage of personnel. To overcome this transition bottleneck, considerable effort should be directed towards improving, accelerating and optimising design processes in the short term. Digitalisation, data-driven working and the new possibilities provided by artificial intelligence (AI) will play an important role in achieving this optimisation to deal with the capacity shortages. Experimenting with new technologies that can be applied in public space design are vital to understand both the potential and drawbacks of these.
Working differently concerns the various forms of collaboration and leadership focused on adaptation, interdisciplinarity and transparency. The content must be leading, for which continuous learning and innovation should be the norm. Regrettably, the bureaucratic reality sets very different priorities, as a result of which political interests weigh more heavily than content, and the fear for short-term risks prevails over a liveable future for new generations. In everyday practice, we can see this, on the one hand, in the rhetoric of innovation, which, on the other hand, is associated with a high resistance towards every fundamental change that touches the organisation structure. This resistance to change is known and perhaps inherent to being human, but we cannot really permit ourselves to behave like this in these times.
Instead of investing more money and personnel (which are not available) for existing structures to work differently, it would be better to reason the other way around. How can we use the available resources and capacity differently (in terms of collaboration,
structure and tools) and be more selective in the goals we want to achieve? The growing lack of personnel might even mean that there will literally be no more money and capacity for “old” infrastructure and working methods, such as carrying out replacement tasks without considering the connection with transition challenges. It is striking that larger municipalities have the resources to initiate innovation but that medium-sized municipalities are more agile and, consequently, in a better position to implement these innovations in practice.
Although we are gaining more knowledge about sustainable energy, circular chains and the effects of climate change, there is still an awful lot we do not know. Uncertainty and the unknown characterise the age we live in: a case in point is that nobody knows how climate change will really develop. There are, nevertheless, many unknown subjects into which we can gain insight by conducting more research. Projects such as BiodiverCITY (p.78) and Ecological water quality (p.94) call for in-depth research into the elements and living systems around us. Besides soil and water, air is a crucial subject that we still know relatively little about. Air quality and maximum parts per million have been incorporated into policy, but air is about far more than this and comprises many more components, such as pollen, spores, sound, wind, smells, and light. Above and below the ground, solid, liquid and gaseous: we still know too little about many aspects of our environment. The more we know, the better we can prepare our environment for the future, for both ourselves and other living beings. That is why scientific research is a crucial aspect of the (design) process to create an integral and evidence-based spatial policy and design.
Scaling up also takes place through knowledge dissemination between colleagues, cities, levels of scale, stakeholders and disciplines and in cooperation with residents. Dedicated learning environments with a mandate and resources to develop and disseminate knowledge are incredibly valuable. The City Deal Public Space is a good example of knowledge development and dissemination that directly benefits the acceleration and scaling up of new, integral, future-oriented working methods for the public space. In addition, small-scale knowledge dissemination, within the own organisation, with a new generation of emerging designers and policymakers, has considerable value too. Online knowledge dissemination, from social media to extensive online courses, is an important way to scale up knowledge exchange and reach a broader audience of (international) students and professionals. The IOOR team structurally endeavours to share knowledge, and a bilingual eLearning course is in the making.
“The energy transition” is often seen as a sort of bridge from point A to point B, and when we have reached B, the energy transition will have been completed. But in
reality, the energy and climate transitions are just a few steps in a much larger, continuous evolution, a succession of transitions and changes that will continue for many decades (or centuries). The changes that we, with varying degrees of direction, are going through as a society are many, complex and interrelated. We need to reconsider the elementary aspects of our environment. We must evaluate how we deal with these, and how we ensure a liveable future: the air that we breathe, the soil under our feet, the water in the canal and from the tap, the energy that we use in all of its forms, the raw materials that we build our world with, and the landscapes (throughout the world) where these originate from, and all other living creatures that we share this world with. The big question is how we, as a highly technological, industrialised and urbanised society, can become more connected with the earth again in our behaviour and thinking. If you examine our individual and collective metabolism, you will see that we have never been independent of the earth or of other living creatures. Yet, how can we live without exploiting, harming or polluting these?
In the spring of 2023, a vinyl single titled ‘The Integral Way’ was released. This is a playful project that draws attention to the IOOR in a new way and, at the same time, experiments with artificial intelligence. The
song text, music, voice of Snoop Dogg, and the images on the album cover were all created with the latest AI technology.
BIO
Joyce van den Berg (Zeist, 1977) is an experienced landscape architect, a passionate systems innovator and a sought-after speaker, also internationally. With the development and publication of the Integral Design Method Public Space (2020), and the follow-up research BiodiverCITY_A Matter of Vital Soil! (2021), Van den Berg has put a new methodology for public space design on the national and international map. In this approach, subsoil and soil biodiversity play an important role. The IOOR was part of the Seoul Biennale for Architecture and Urbanism, and received the World Landscape Architecture Honour Award 2022 (category: Concept Analysis & Planning). BiodiverCITY was included in the 2022 yearbook of the Dutch magazine Blauwe Kamer, was part of the Venice Biennale of Architecture 2021 and won the World Landscape Architecture Award of Excellence 2023 (category: Concept Analysis & Planning).
Joyce works as a senior designer and project lead on comprehensive and complex sustainable area (re)development projects for the City of Amsterdam, where she started as a public space designer twenty years ago. Before joining the municipality, Van den Berg worked at the renowned landscape architecture firms West 8 and MTD landschapsarchitecten and realised commissions for municipalities and provinces during her time there.
In 2000, Van den Berg graduated cum laude from the International Agricultural College Larenstein in Velp and, also cum laude, from the Academy of Architecture in Amsterdam in 2007. In 2008, Van den Berg founded her own Studio Berg (then called: vandenbergLANDSCAPE). With her studio, she regularly collaborated with other designers, such as architect and photographer Nina Kopp. The solo exhibition Neues Licht auf das Sperrgebiet at the German Architecture Center (2009) in Berlin brought international acclaim and featured at the MoMa in New York City as well. As part of this project, Van den Berg introduced the concept “trauma landscape”, which she has since patented.
28 The ioor in brief / 2023
32 IOOR digitalisation / 2022 - to date
34 Financial analysis / 2023 - to date
58 Integral Area Plan (IAP) Wallengebied / 2022 - to date
68 IOOR in Bospolder-Tussendijken, R-dam / 2022 - to date
Integral Collaboration in the Chain of the Public Space (ISKOR) / 2021 - 2022
30 A ID manual for land allocation and façade requirements / 2020
24 I OOR publication / 2019 - 2020
31 Upcycle Amstel / 2019 - 2020
48 A mstel-stad: green and water structure / 2019 - 2020
18 The Integral Design Method Public Space (IOOR) / 2017 - to date
86 Below ground level / 2019 - 2023
38 Case Amstel-Stad / 2017 - 2021
110 Study circular economy Zaanstraat emplacement / 2016
In a time of drastic change, it’s the learners who inherit the future
Eric Hoffer
Eventually everything connects – people, ideas, objects. The quality of connections is the key to quality per se. Charles Eames
GRALPUBLICSPACE
The best way to predict the future is to create it. Peter Drucker
The light bulb was not invented by continuously improving the candle. www.omdenken.nl
Integral Public Space
In recent years, Van den Berg’s work has focused on the Integral Design Method Public Space (IOOR). A shift is taking place in urban planning, driven by technical and societal transitions. This innovative working method provides a new approach for designers, project managers, engineers, and others involved in creating and managing public spaces. The method is very ambitious in its scope and vision but, at the same time, is implemented gradually, and is adaptive and opportunityoriented in its approach to development and scaling up. In this chapter, the most important projects, publications subprojects and research areas are explained. The IOOR has already received a lot of national and international recognition. As a catalyst for the public space transition, the IOOR team led by Van den Berg is constantly developing, immersing, and scaling up.
EXTREME EXTREME WASTE CABLE CHAOS
CHAOS
RAIN HEAT DROUGHT
Amsterdam and other cities face major transition challenges in the public space, which are driven by climate change, the need for sustainable energy sources, an increasing scarcity of raw materials and the digitalisation of society. A considerable amount of work also needs to be done to replace existing infrastructure, such as sewage pipes, canal walls and bridges. Furthermore, the city is gradually expanding and becoming denser, resulting in more and more pressure being exerted on existing systems, such as waste and mobility. Put briefly, a new approach is needed for the issues and challenges that will accumulate in the public space over the coming year.
SYSTEMS INNO VATION
0 Start: Determining the plan area
1 Inventarisation: Inventory of plan area
2 Analyse: Analysing climate impact atlas and spatial assignments, completing Ambition Web
3 Strategic: Public space strategy: technical approach, main ambitions, and performance goals
4 Programming: Selecting measures and programming profiles
5 Invest: Determining investment agenda for area-wide network structures
6 Design and construction: Design and construction of street, square or park
Measure/resultingdetail
The Integral Design Method Public Space (IOOR) concretises the shift that is taking place in urban planning. In this new design approach, the underground and the multiple use of functions for the public space take priority. The design of the city needs to be approached in a more integral and bottom-up manner as opposed to the current top-down way of working. The IOOR answers the question “But how?” with regard to the increasingly greater accumulation of sustainability and transition issues. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated in its 2022 report: ‘Experience shows that climate-resilient development processes are timely, anticipatory, integrative, flexible and action focused.’ This is a good summary of the IOOR approach. The IOOR structures the work of the designer with a clear step-by-step plan (see below) and seven themes – Energy, Soil and Underground, Materials, Mobility, Living Environment, Flora and Fauna, and Water (recently the area theme Social has been added to this list). The method is interdisciplinary in terms of content, as demonstrated by the themes, but also with respect to the working method. Intensive collaboration with engineers, managers, asset owners, and other stakeholders is sought at the start of the design process to gain a proper impression of the ambitions, challenges, and technical boundary conditions.
project description / International and national method for the transition of public space client / City of Amsterdam design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead, initiator), Sofia Arrias Bittencourt, Sten Camps, AnneMarije van Duin, Tohid Korse, Eric Kraak, Hans van der Made, Bob Mantel, Szymon Michalski, Alessandra Riccetti, Basia van Rijt, Richard Ruijtenbeek, Maki Ryu, Nadine Schiller, Marina Vasarini Lopes, Chong Yao collaboration / Alliander, Boekmakers, Deltaris, DS Landschapsarchitecten, Municipality of Rotterdam, GXN Copenhagen, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Inside Outside, KPN, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, TU Delft, TNO – innovation for life, University of Amsterdam, Wageningen University & Research, Waternet link / The IOOR collection open research
This timeline shows a depreciation period in years of the various (underground) assets in the public space. Wherever possible, the replacement and addition of assets should take place simultaneously to limit the inconvenience for
residents and businesses. This can only be carried out if there is good collaboration between all asset owners and the municipality should play a directive role in this. If national and international climate objectives are to be achieved
and local public space ambitions realised, then with the current way of working, every street in Amsterdam will have to be dug up an average of 3 to 4 times between now and 2050. By working with the IOOR, this could be reduced
to 1 to 2 times. The integral IOOR approach means more alignment and analysis beforehand, but that reduces both the costs and inconvenience in the realisation phase.
An important addition in the design process is Step 3, Strategy, in which the ambitions are mapped with the help of the nationally developed Ambition Web (see opposite). The discussion about the prioritisation of
objectives and ambitions is facilitated by describing the current situation and future ambitions on the Ambition Web, first in the (sub-)area and subsequently at the project level (street/square). Next, these ambitions are translated
into performance goals per theme. This intermediate step also serves to make weighing and negotiating the priorities clearer and more concrete. It facilitates the subsequent programming of measures and elaborations. Because only
when the ambitions and objectives are clear is it possible to begin designing and incorporating solutions.
Business climate
Social relevance
Sociale relevantie
Living Environment
Spatial quality
Soil & Subsurface Flora & Fauna
Flora & Fauna Bodem & Ondergrond
Space usage
Ambitie web
Energie
Vestigingsklimaat
Investeringen Mobiliteit
Leefmilieu
Ruimtelijke kwaliteit
Ruimtegebruik
As part of the development of the integral design method, a catalogue was compiled of multifunctional measures and the associated elaborations for public space design. As can be seen in the diagram, the measures and elaborations are organised and numbered according to the seven IOOR themes.
The publication Integral Design Method Public Space has two parts. The first part, Case Amstel-Stad, Amsterdam, provides a detailed description of the complex current and future issues that designers
Method Public Space provides solutions to tackle these spatial issues in relation to one another, amongst other things, by adapting the urban planning process and through a new method for
to a certain location. Each performance objective has a number of concrete measures to which the Workbook, the second part of the publication, is devoted. The Workbook contains a catalogue of
The first part provides the background and explanation, and the Workbook enables people to really set to work.
tactical
THE IOOR IN BRIEF
The Integral Design Method Public Space represents a fundamentally different way of working. It contains a more extensive research phase, interdisciplinary collaboration from start to finish, and design and analysis at a projectoverarching “intermediary scale”. This is a lot to digest for the majority of urban planners, designers, engineers, advisers, project leaders, managers and other parties involved. Also, entirely new for the majority of spatial professionals are the use of Ambition Webs and performance objectives as a
decision and negotiation step in the design process, as well as a growing catalogue of modular, multifunctional measures and elaborations.
The complete IOOR publication extensively explains the method based on the genesis of the case Amstel-Stad and the Workbook with measures and elaborations, but it is quite a hefty read. Experience teaches that very few people read it. Effective communication is vital for the scaling up of every innovation, and that also applies to the IOOR.
To solve this, a flyer was produced that explains the entire IOOR method on a single page. One side of the flyer briefly explains the six steps of the integral design method. On the other side, the accompanying publications and the most important terms of the method are explained. Hopefully, this flyer will enable designers and other professionals to more rapidly make the IOOR method and mindset their own.
CIRCULAR
_ tactical AID MANUAL FOR LAND ALLOCATION AND FAÇADE REQUIREMENTS
‘Assisting Informed Design’ (AID) manual for land allocation and façade requirements is a study and associated publication that translates the circular ambitions of the City of Amsterdam into concrete land allocation trajectories in Amstelkwartier and ArenAPoort (part of Amstel-Stad), with an emphasis on façades.
6.2.3 Half-gehard glas
Half-gehard glas, ook wel thermisch versterkt glas genoemd, wordt net als bij gehard glas geproduceerd door het verhitten en snel afkoelen van glas. Ook
half-gehard glas is na productie niet meer te bewerken. Het afschrik proces bij
half-gehard glas gaat langzamer dan bij gehard glas, maar snellen dan bij ongehard glas. Hierdoor ontstaat een glas type dat qua sterkte tussen gehard en ongehard glas ligt. Half gehard glas breekt op een vergelijkbare wijze als ongehard glas, wat resulteert in grote delen met scherpe randen en punten. Het risico op spontane breuk door nikkel sulfide insluitingen is bij half-gehard glas te verwaarlozen.
Half-gehard glas is geen veiligheidsglas.
6.2.4 Gelamineerd glas Gelamineerd glas is een combinatie van twee of meer glaspanelen met één of meer lagen doorzichtige kunststof (interlayers) die de glaspanelen aan elkaar binden. De op de markt beschikbare verschillende types interlayers variëren voornamelijk in sterkte en akoestische eigenschappen. Bij breuk houdt de interlayer de glasscherven bij elkaar, waardoor de kans op vallend glas sterk verlaagd wordt. Afhankelijk van het type bevestiging en type glas kan dit daarmee het risico op letsel verlagen. Gelamineerd glas kan net als gehard glas als veiligheidsglas ingezet worden.
6.2.5 Breukpatronen glas De bevestigingsmethode van glas heeft invloed op het breukpatroon van het glas. G as ype Breuk- en pos b eukgedrag O g h d g –ge aagd Bij breuk ontstaan grote scherpe scherven die van de gevel zouden kunnen vallen. Het is onwaarschijnlijk dat glasscherven na breuk op hun plek blijven, in vergelijking met gelaagd glas. Ha -geha d g as –t g gd Bij breuk ontstaan grote scherpe scherven die van de gevel zouden kunnen vallen. Het is onwaarschijnlijk dat glasscherven na breuk op hun plek blijven, in vergelijking met gelaagd glas. Gehard g as – n e ge aagd Bij breuk ontstaan een groot aantal kleine delen (“steentjes”) die echter samen kunnen klonteren tot grotere delen en van de gevel zouden kunnen vallen. Het is onwaarschijnlijk dat glasscherven na breuk op
van de ambities van Gemeente Amsterdam, met name wat betreft circulariteit. Gemeente Amsterdam kan afhankelijk van het project en de project ambities ervoor kiezen om onderwerpen al dan niet op te nemen in de bouwenvelop. Wij adviseren om dit document regelmatig te herzien, zodat nieuwe ontwikkelingen in de markt kunnen worden opgenomen en het document upto-date blijft. Ook adviseren wij om gedurende het gebruik van dit document feedback vanuit te markt te documenteren en deze feedback mee te nemen in de volgende versies van dit document. Bij het opstellen van dit document is ervan uitgegaan dat de lezer kennis heeft van de principes van bouwtechnologie, van circulariteit en wat dit betekent voor het gebouw. Het daadwerkelijke ontwerp van de gevel zal tijdens het ontwerptraject uitgevoerd moeten worden met inachtneming van dit document en de documentatie en strategieën opgezet naar aanleiding van het gronduitgifte traject. Waar bestaande wet- en regelgeving hogere eisen stelt zullen deze prevaleren. Waar onduidelijkheid bestaat dient de aanbiedende partij dit aan te geven aan Gemeente Amsterdam en dient de aanbiedende partij uit te gaan van de meest conservatieve eisen.
in vergelijking met ongelaagd glas.
Geha d g as - ge aagd Gelaagd glas uit gehard glas zal bij breuk hoogstwaarschijnlijk op zijn plek gehouden worden en scherven zullen in grote mate bij elkaar gehouden worden door de interlayer in vergelijking met ongelaagd glas. Indien echter beide ruiten van de gelaagde ruit breken, zal de hele ruit zich als een zware natte handdoek gedragen en geen sterkte meer bezitten. Gelaagd glas waarbij beide ruiten uit gehard glas bestaan wordt daarom afgeraden.
In de tabel in Bijlage A wordt een overzicht gegeven van de types glas met de voorbeelden van de bijbehorende risico’s. De risicoanalyse in deze tabel is gebaseerd op de methode van Kinney en Wiruth en kan gehanteerd worden bij het inschatten van risico’s van de gevelglas keuze.
6.3 Integriteit van geveldelen
2 Ambities
Gemeente Amsterdam heeft zichzelf gecommitteerd aan verschillende ambities. Dit document tracht deze ambities te borgen met betrekking tot de gevels van hoogbouw projecten. De door Gemeente Amsterdam gestelde ambities zijn terug te vinden in het document ‘Bouwstenen voor een nieuwe Strategie – Amsterdam Circulair’. Hieronder staan de ontwikkelrichtingen voor de bouw zoals deze in dit document staan beschreven
functionaliteit (visueel en/of technisch) en anderzijds een risico op een verlaagde veiligheid van de gevel voor personen in en rondom het gebouw.
1. Stimuleer ci cula re geb edsontw kke ng met flexibele bestemmingsplannen, klimaatbestendig bouwen en veerkrachtig stedelijk ontwerp
Voor vliesgevels worden kan de prestatie bij stootbelasting getest worden op basis van de Europese standaard EN 14019. De prestatie bij stootbelasting van glazen gevels (en daken) kan getest worden aan de hand van de Europese standaard EN 12600.
In de afgelopen jaren zijn er verschillende incidenten geweest waarbij gevelpanelen bezweken. Bij gevels van semi-hoogbouw en hoogbouw projecten zullen de effecten van falende gevelsystemen groter zijn dan bij laagbouw projecten. De verantwoordelijkheid van het degelijk ontwerpen van een gevelconstructie in lijn met de relevante wet- en regelgeving is de verantwoordelijkheid van de aannemer. Echter uit de incidenten blijkt dat er ofwel onduidelijkheid in de wet- en regelgeving is ofwel niet gebouwd wordt in lijn met de relevante wet- en regelgeving voor de gevel. In aanvulling op de bestaande wet- en regelgeving voor de gevel wordt in deze paragraaf aangegeven hoe risico’s in kaart kunnen worden gebracht in daardoor waar mogelijk verlaagd. Verder is een toelichting gegeven op onderwerpen die verduidelijking kunnen gebruiken om zo risico’s op misinterpretatie te verlagen. - Integriteit van geveldelen bij stootbelasting - Integriteit van geveldelen door verhoogde windbelastingen 6.3.1 Integriteit bij stootbelasting Dezeparagraafisgeschrevenomalsbasistedienenvoordiscussieoverde benodigdematevandetailoverditonderwerpinditdocument.Ditdientinde volgendefasevanditprojectbesprokenteworden. Schade als gevolg van stootbelasting kan de integriteit van de geveldelen aantasten, waardoor enerzijds een risico bestaat op verminderde
2. Gebruik c rcu a re cr ter a n de grondu g f e en aanbes ed ng van alle bouw- en infrastructurele projecten en in de openbare ruimte
3. Bouw en maak gebruik van adaptieve en modulaire gebouwen
4. Opschalen van circulaire demontage en gescheiden inzameling
5. Gebruik hernieuwbare en secundaire bouwmaterialen
Voor het testen van de prestatie bij stootbelasting van gevelbeplating (geventileerde en ongeventileerde gevels), dichte panelen in vlies en elementengevels, steenstrips etc. is er echter geen duidelijke ontwerprichtlijn of test methode beschikbaar in Nederland.
6. Stimuleer c rcu a re renova e in de particuliere en sociale woningbouw
Op basis van deze ontwikkelrichtingen zijn in samenwerking met Gemeente Amsterdam een aantal speerpunten, die betrekking hebben op het gevelontwerp, geselecteerd, welke middels dit document verder geconcretiseerd worden.
bij verhoogde windbelasting In hoogbouw projecten zijn hogere windlasten van toepassing dan in laagbouw. Ook kunnen door het funnel effect hogere (of lagere) windbelastingen optreden bij gebouwen die niet rechthoekig zijn door bijvoorbeeld inkepingen of corridors. Dicht bij elkaar staande gebouwen kunnen ook een funnel effect veroorzaken. De NTA 4614 geeft aan dat bij gebouwen met een hoogte van 70 meter en hoger een windtunnel onderzoek uitgevoerd zou moeten worden. Bij gebouwen tussen de 13 en 70 meter is een windtunnel onderzoek niet altijd noodzakelijk en kan in veel gevallen volstaan worden met een berekening. Het is echter wel raadzaam een gedetailleerde berekening uit te voeren conform NEN 1991-1-4, waarbij ook rekening wordt gehouden met het funnel effect door de inkepingen en corridors van het gebouw mee te nemen in de berekening.
Bij de beschrijving en het in kaart brengen van mogelijke risico’s is daarom gebruik gemaakt van de CWCT Technical Notes met betrekking tot stootbelasting op gevels (TN 75 en TN 76). De CWCT CentreforWindowsen Cladding Technology is de Britse branchevereniging voor gevels. De CWCT standardsforcustomisedbuilingenvelopesworden toegepast in het Verenigd Koninkrijk. De Technical Notes geven een uitgebreide handreiking voor het testen en het in kaart brengen van mogelijke risico’s met betrekking tot stootbelasting.
De test methode wordt beschreven in de Technical Notes. Hieronder volgt een korte samenvatting:
De meest relevante oorzaken van stootbelasting op de gevel die kunnen worden geïdentificeerd bij normaal gebruik van het gebouw zijn: - Door personen (max 1,5 meter boven de grond) - Door bewegende objecten zoals schoonmaaktrolleys en winkelwagens, maar ook vogels
De lokale hogere windbelastingen kunnen effect hebben op aspecten zoals suizen, trillingen in geveldelen en de integriteit van gevelpanelen. Ook kan dit effect hebben op het gebruik van de glazenwasinstallatie en de mogelijke stootbelasting ervan op de gevel. Deze gedetailleerde windberekening wordt niet altijd uitgevoerd, maar vereenvoudigd toegepast
- Door meubilair
- Door onderhoudsapparatuur: glazenwasinstallatie, ladders en gondels - Door vandalisme
Standaardtesten van gevelelementen onder invloed van stootbelasting zijn opgesteld om deze situaties na te bootsen, vaak gebruik makend van testlichamen met verschillend gewicht en
Voor het nabootsen van stootbelasting door een glazenwasinstallatie wordt er soms voor gekozen een test met een daadwerkelijke gondel uit te
The document lists six circular development directions for the construction industry:
1. Encourage circular area development with flexible land-use plans, climateresilient building and resilient urban design;
2. Use circular criteria in the land allocation and tendering of all construction and infrastructure projects, and in the public space;
3. Build and make use of adaptive and modular buildings;
4. Scale up circular demolition and the separate collection of demolition waste;
5. Use renewable and secondary construction materials;
6. Encourage circular innovation in the private and social housing sectors.
A study in collaboration with GXN and TU Delft during the Amstel-Stad project resulted in two UPCYCLE AMSTEL documents: TOOL and CONTEXT.
The TOOL manual was written by GXN. It describes a physical framework for circularity as well as concrete objectives, methods, and instruments for the circular economy in urban planning and design in Amstel-Stad. The CONTEXT book was written by students of the GXN visiting professor at the Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering at TU Delft, 2018/19, and describes a concrete case for upcycling in Amstel-Stad for which there was a close collaboration with the City of Amsterdam design team.
_ tactical DIGITALISATION
Municipalities face the considerable challenge of working in a digital and data-driven manner. In the spatial domain, work processes could also be considerably accelerated with the help of digitisation and a reduction of the associated realisation costs. That is desperately needed, given the limited time available to render thousands of streets fit for the future. The challenges are to collect or generate highquality, reliable 3D data about, for example, subsurface infrastructure, but also the organisational embedding
and ownership of data and conducting efficient information exchange in complex work processes.
The further development of the IOOR largely relies on improving and increasing data-driven working. Therefore, Joyce and her team are investigating how to develop a 3D assets library that includes all the IOOR methods and elaborations. The aim of this 3D library is to make it easier and faster to bring about the design and engineering of the public space.
Due to the modular nature of the IOOR measures and elaborations, designers can more quickly use the 3D assets to create a street design (and variant studies) and subsequently export these for engineers, managers, and other colleagues.
Moreover, a demo was developed in 2022 for a parametric web tool to quickly test different design alternatives for the layout of cables, pipes and trees in the street profile. In this demo version, different 3D street profiles can be uploaded as
background and you can subsequently incorporate various cables, pipes and trees. The measurements of these assets are based on real data and policy guidelines with respect to dimensions, distances between objects and minimal root space. Placing a street’s explanatory scheme in the interactive profile makes it clear where conflicts exist between the different assets. Next, it is possible to manually reposition the different assets (including their minimum distance to other assets) to solve the spatial conflicts.
Another innovative design tool being worked on is an educative maquette from a modular street profile. The 3D printed maquette is a physical and collective learning instrument to increase awareness about the relationship between the underground and surface among designers and other professionals. The movable parts can be moved around during a design session to try out various solutions.
_ operational FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Genuine challenge-oriented collaboration in the chain of the public space requires a fundamentally different budgeting system that is not focused on municipal management teams, but on the real challenges. Investing more in the planning process will considerably reduce the costs in the realisation and management phases. Consequently, cost-benefit considerations need to be taken into account across the entire chain.
With the current working method, the prognosis is that the streets in Amsterdam will have to be dug up on average 3 to 4 times between now and 2050 to deal with all of the necessary infrastructure changes. For the IOOR working method, this prognosis amounts to 1 to 2 times per street. Besides less nuisance for residents, less excavation damage, and lower realisation costs, the climate-adaptive city design will also result in
cost savings by preventing climate damage. Unfortunately, as these “cost savings” are not included in the current budget structure, it is often difficult to invest more upfront in the planning process for a better integral design of the public space even though that would result in considerable savings during the realisation phase. Currently, budgets for the design phase are not linked to realisation or management
budgets. Investing more in the design phase therefore creates the impression of extra costs, and there is a lot of internal resistance to this. Experience has, however, taught us that it is possible to achieve cost savings by long-term planning from the perspective of the greater importance of the entire public space. Budgets, resources and audits should be designed on the basis of these new insights.
As a result, the IOOR team is working with cost experts to perform extensive analyses with substantiated cost estim-ates for different scenarios. With this, the aim is to facilitate a long-term view of budget choices and to describe future cost categories so that investments currently made for integral, climate and future-oriented public space become more plausible. An initial indication shows that
very high cost savings can be achieved if the IOOR is applied across the entire chain of public space.
The aim of this is to facilitate a long-term view in budget choices and identify future cost items, so that here and now, it becomes possible to more easily consider investments for integral, climate and future-oriented public space. An initial
Proces: Kosten en opbrengsten
indication shows that cost savings of up to 30% are possible if the IOOR is applied across the entire chain of public space (see ISKOR, p.38).
stedelijke programmering
Process: Costs and benefits Towards a single urban programming
Costs
Traditional implementation costs = Lowered costs due to higher efficiency
IOOR implementation costs (-30%)
IOOR (design & engineering) process costs
Traditional process costs
Year
Dat kost iets meer proceskosten maar levert een veelvoud aan besparingen op uitvoering en beheer. Dit willen we inzichtelijk maken in de pilots op een manier dat we dit kunnen opschalen.
Applying the integral design method requires a bigger investment in time and capacity than the current approach, but will result in multiple savings in the realisation and management phases. This has been substantiated with pilots.
_ tactical SUCCES OF THE IOOR
Since its development and publication, the Integral Design Method Public Space has enjoyed a large reach among a diverse network of national and international parties. And thanks to the translation of the IOOR into Indonesian in 2022, it has also been distributed among 74 Indonesian universities as part of a local initiative. The team has had the honour too of presenting the IOOR at several prestigious locations, including the Venice Biennale of Architecture 2021, the Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism 2021, the scientifically renowned EuroScience Open
Forum 2022, and the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam 2022. Recognition for the Integral Design Method Public Space has also been received in the form of the Honour Award of the World Landscape Architecture Professional Awards 2022, in the category Concept - Analysis and Planning. In 2023, BiodiverCITY_A Question of Vital Soil! won the World Landscape Architecture (WLA) Award of Excellence in the same category.
• The IOOR sub-page is the most visited page of the entire openresearch.amsterdam website
• 20,000 unique visitors of the IOOR sub-page on openresearch.amsterdam
University of Porto, RWTH Aachen University, University Ca’ Foscari, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, UNAMuniversity(urbanstudies),Mexico SpitzerSchoolofArchitecture,SLUAlnarp,PolitecnicodiMilano HafenCityUniversityHamburg, FacultyofArchitectureandUrbanism Bauhaus-Universitaet RhodeIslandSchoolkennisinstellingen
Upla, Los Angeles, VSA The Climate PI, Frankrijk Terraform practice, New York, VSA GXN(3XN), Kopenhagen, DenemarkenArup,London, Engeland AIM GREEN, Jakarta, Indonesia
Netwerken
Rijkswaterstaat
IUCNGlobeNederland
HetNieuweInstituut,Rotterdam Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen
TNO, Delft Deltares, Delft Naturalis, Leiden WUR - Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Hogeschool Van Hall Larenstein, Velp Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Academie van Bouwkunst, Rotterdam Academie van Bouwkunst, Amsterdam TU Twente, Enschede TU Delft, UniversityDelftofAmsterdam,AmsterdamAMSInstitute,Amsterdam RijksinstituutvoorVolksgezondheidenMilieu
IN PRACTICE CASE AMSTEL-STAD
Photo: Your Captain
Joyce van den Berg werk / work
Amstel-Stad is the project that gave rise to the IOOR method and, with that, was the first case for the IOOR too. Amstel-Stad is a transformation area where the greatest challenge is that in existing streets (where the width is therefore fixed) space must be found for extra cables and pipes above the package that has already been installed there. At many locations, there is simply no room. Furthermore, the soil in Amstel-Stad, where all of this must occur, has a highly heterogeneous structure and complex hydrology.
In the planning process for the new design method for public space, calculations and drawings were first of all produced for the (areaoverarching) spatial assignments at an intermediate scale. A planning area with underlying individual projects was determined to make this manageable. It was important to appoint a client and establish a team, which was already made up of the first stakeholders. With the help of maps of the current and potential situation, spatial challenges were explored, added to the maps, analysed and accompanied by ambitions by making use of the Ambition Web. The area strategy that emerges from this process made it possible to programme representative profiles of different streets in consultation with the local network manager(s). Measures for all of these spatial challenges had to be combined and calculated as integrally as possible. These calculations and drawings for the different profiles yielded an investment agenda for the area-overarching challenges (with a horizon of ten years) with financial agreements between the municipality, network managers, and other government bodies. Together with a strategy for the entire area, this provided a framework for the public space in the individual projects where, in conclusion, the streets (and squares) were designed in detail and were tendered and carried out.
project description / Transformation area with about 25,000 to 50,000 new homes locatie / Amsterdam-Zuidoost client / Land and Development (City of Amsterdam) team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Sofia Arrias Bittencourt, Sten Camps, Anne-Marije van Duin, Tohid Korse, Eric Kraak, Hans van der Made, Bob Mantel, Szymon Michalski, Alessandra Riccetti, Basia van Rijt, Richard Ruijtenbeek, Maki Ryu, Nadine Schiller, Marina Vasarini Lopes, Chong Yao collaboration / Alliander, Deltares, DS Landschapsarchitecten, Municipality of Rotterdam, GXN Copenhagen, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Inside Outside, KPN, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, TU Delft, TNO – innovation for life, University of Amsterdam, Wageningen University & Research, Waternet link /
The IOOR Part 1 - Case Amstel-Stad, Amsterdam
Hydrological units
Amstel-Stad is the bureaucratic working title for the long urban zone between the Amstelkwartier in the northern part of Amsterdam and the AMC hospital in the south. It is a strip of land bordered on the west by the A2 motorway and to the east by the Bijlmermeer. In this zone, development and transformation initiatives have already been taking place for several years. Based on these developments and the available space, it is estimated that Amstel-Stad will ultimately provide room for about 25,000 to 50,000 new homes. This is equivalent to 50,000 to 100,000 new residents alongside the appropriate supply of non-residential functions such as schools, offices, shops and restaurants, healthcare and sports.
An extensive analysis of the seven themes of the IOOR was performed for the entire area. This was partly accomplished with the help of the Climate Effects Atlas. In AmstelStad, various area-wide issues play a role (cables and pipes, (rain) water management, heat stress, quality of the greenery, soil life, mobility, waste processing and energy supply) that cannot be solved with a single project in the area. This does, however, become possible by working with an “intermediate scale”. Location
The area-wide strategy, the investment agenda and the frameworks emerging from this are suspended “above” the individual (sub)projects, though in reality, these frameworks proceed from the individual (sub)projects. An individual project just needs to translate a design for the public space and underground in its own project area. This is done with the help of performance targets per theme and the incorporation of relevant multifunctional measures and elaborations from the IOOR catalogue.
With this approach, the projects are significantly unburdened and can be accelerated. As soon as an Urban Plan with an Investment Decision is in sight at the project level, the frameworks, planning and funding of a number of major public space assignments have already been established.
Provisional figures for transformation of Amstel-Stad
Amstelstation
Residential: 109,000 m² GFA
Non-Residential: 45,000 m² GFA
Amstelkwartier
Phase I, II, III
Residential: 332,000 m² GFA
Non-Residential: 83,400 m² GFA
Kauwgomballenkwartier
Existing: 199,000 m2 GFA
Net increase: 166,000 m² GFA
Total: 285,000 m2 GFA
Non-Residential:
85,000 – 142,500 m2*
Residential: 85,000 – 142,500 m2*
Amenities: 57,000 m2 (estimate)
A2/zone Joan Muyskenweg
Residential: 127,000 – 167,000 m² GFA
Non-Residential: 63,000 – 83,000 m² GFA
Amstel Business Park
North
Residential: 114,000 – 266,000 m² GFA
Non-Residential: 266,000 – 114,000 m² GFA
Total: 380,000 m² GFA
South
Non-Residential: (100% employment) 85,000 m² GFA
De Nieuwe Kern
Residential: maximum of 450,000 m² GFA
Non-Residential: 250,000 m² GFA
ArenAPoort
Residential: 510,000 m² GFA
Non-Residential: 1,160,000 m² GFA
Amstel III (development up to 2040)
Residential: 831,000 GFA (65%)
Non-Residential: 442,000 GFA (35%)
Total: 1,273,000 GFA (100%)
The Ambition Web is a tool developed at the national level to prioritise (sustainability) ambitions and initiate discussions about these.
Ambitie web
For each area theme, performance targets are formulated, which subsequently correspond with specific measures (and elaborations) at different levels of scale.
Ambitie web
Healthy surface water
Seasonal storage
Local infiltration
Discharging
Local storage
Reuse
Rainproof building
Shading elements
Low heat radiation
Evaporation
Airflow
Recreational green and water
Ecological connection
Ecological design of ground level
Ecological utility value
Ecological building
Heat source
Cold source
Electricity storage
Heat storage
Wind energy
Solar energy
Biomassa
Collection station
Laying pipes compactly
Pipes in casing pipes
Building integration of cables and pipes
Biking/pedestrian routes
Public transport stops
‘Car as guest’ design
30 km/hour zone
50 km/hour zone
Bicycle shed
Charging point
Car-sharing point
Multimodal (parking) hub
Extracting substances from waste water
Separate waste collection
Desing public space
Building materials
Whole Area / WA
W-WA1 Greening
W-WA2 Water purification
W-WA3 Integral water management
Network / NE
W-NE1 Water-robust street
W-NE2 Space for through-flow
W-NE3 Pretreatment of water from roads
Public Space / PS
W-PS1 Water-retaining greenery
W-PS2 Underground infiltration networks
W-PS3 Infiltration through hard-surfacing / ground level
W-PS4 Water-retaining container
W-PS5 Gutter
W-PS6 Drought-resistant vegetation
Site / ST
W-ST1 Green wall
Building / BD
W-BD1 Water-retaining roof
W-BD2 Reuse of rainwater
W-BD3 Water-robust building
W-BD4 Disconnected sewer
The IOOR method has been developed with the help of principles and knowledge inspired by “systems engineering” and “value engineering”. This is visible in both the analysis and design phases, as well as in the outcome. The modular nature of the design solutions means that after the extensive analysis phase, the street profiles can be programmed with greater speed. Eventually, the outcome is an integral design built up of multifunctional elements that make the city more sustainable and liveable.
The strength of continuously switching between scale levels, disciplines, stakeholders and time periods is that the public space genuinely offers room for the development of residents and users – people as well as animals, plants and fungi – and the various aspects of public life.
INTER MEDIATE SCALE
The quality of the green public space in Amstel-Stad leaves a lot to be desired. High groundwater levels, rising brackish seepage and poor water quality further complicate the situation. Temperature as an aspect of the urban climate also poses a risk in this area. Heat stress is on the rise due to buildings and more paved surfaces, which creates a growing need for cool places in this area. Increasingly heavy rainfall also poses a risk because it concerns a low-lying area. Solving all of these problems requires an overarching approach to this project at the intermediate scale: a design scale that lies “between” the standard project scale (in Amsterdam) and the city-wide master plan. This project-overarching scale is proving more and more necessary to solve spatial issues.
Based on analyses at higher levels of scale, the document focuses on the parameters green and water in Amstel-Stad. It includes the green structure, water structure and an integral vision on these. In addition, it provides the required coordination between and support for individual projects in the area. Depending on the boundary conditions and issues predominant at each location, the focus can be more on water or instead on the green framework. The blue network provides for a lowering of groundwater levels and the discharge of rainwater to surface water, or the infiltration of rainwater into the groundwater. The spatial green structure provides opportunities for biodiversity and increases liveability by reducing heat stress.
The document facilitates deliberations during the design process that is part of the various projects in the area. Furthermore, the green and blue structures provide input for the investment decision. The structures also provide a framework for the further design, in other words, these structures do not result in a detailed design. Besides these two structures, work has been carried out on the programming of the street profiles. In these profiles, all aspects of the public space are integrally designed and aligned with each other, a choice of possible tree species is proposed, the required water capacity per profile is calculated and the profiles establish the maximum capacity of water that the profile can store.
project description / Integral Design Master Plan for Water and Green in Amstel-Stad location / Amsterdam-Zuidoost Client / Land and Development (City of Amsterdam) team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Jaike Bijleveld, Sofia Arrias Bittencourt, Auke Brouwer, Sten Camps, Lieke Doodeman, Anne-Marije van Duin, Anastasija Dukic, Eric Kraak, Alessandra Riccetti, Carolina Rodrigues Martinho, Maki Ryu, Nadine Schiller, Marieke Takken, Geert Timmermans, Marina Vasarini Lopes, Duco de Vries collaboration / Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Wageningen University & Research, Waternet
In the water and green structure, the need to make various parts of Amstel-Stad rainproof is also considered in detail.
As can be seen from the analysis opposite, this study includes the existing capacity and need per location (retention, storage, discharge or retention) and which measures are possible.
An attractive residential and work environment consists of a spatial structure in which developments and programmatic changes can be incorporated. This needs to be done in such a way that the themes that play a role in this area, such as flooding, heat stress, energy transition, a congested underground, and biodiversity, are incorporated.
deelstroomgebied per straat direct naar watergangen
OPPERVLAKTEWATER NETWERK
I hoofd kanaalII watergang III vijver/ moeras
behoefte
ambitie
DEELSTROOMGEBIED
openbare ruimte prive IV waterplein/ waterparkV groene goot VI waterneutrale kavel
hoofde functie in en langs water verblijf recreatie mobiliteit verblijf verblijf natuurontwikkeling verblijf recreatie mobiliteit verblijf parkeer
>120mm/u
capaciteit
verlagen grondwaterstand
vasthouden (infiltratie)
bergen (vertraging afvoer)
afvoer
retentie
straat begaanbaar bij caramiteit >120mm/u straat begaanbaar bij caramiteit >120mm/u >120mm/u >120mm/u
dreef straat begaanbaar bij caramiteit 60-120mm
maatregelen
ARENAPOORT MASTER PLAN
UNDER GROUND IN ORDER
PUBLIC SPACE AND UNDERGROUND (MORO)
The considerable complexity in ArenAPoort West resulted in the observation that the underground required more management. MORO is an effort to coherently design the surface and underground so that the public space can provide for all new developments in sustainable energy while offering a pleasant, climate-resilient living environment. However, the space needed to provide for the considerable infrastructure required for the energy transition conflicts with the space needed for new trees and measures for rain harvesting. Also, the phasing of buildings and infrastructure is particularly complex because the area is already fully in use as an office area, while new home construction developments are gradually taking place with project developers in the lead. MORO needs to provide direction to the realisation of infrastructure that is currently taking place, while at the same time guaranteeing that long-term ambitions remain feasible in terms of both space and budget. Given the considerable uncertainty of future developments and the required infrastructure, the MORO approach is integral and flexible. Various public and private interests and areas of expertise were part of the design process, and space is reserved for future changes and decisions.
The outcome is an innovation in the discipline: a zoning plan for underground infrastructure with an associated explanatory scheme that is included in the Working in the Public Space (AWPS) policy of Amsterdam. The zoning is the result of an extensive study of the relationship between surface and underground in the current situation and with the required assets for the future. Zoning makes it possible to gain better and faster insight into what is happening underground and which choices can be made with respect to future developments and management. Thinking in zones is similar to the current way of working in the public space, and companies are still able to use the AWPS process.
project description / Innovative master plan with zoning for underground infrastructure location / Amsterdam-Zuidoost client / Land and Development (City of Amsterdam) team / Maria Baeva, Joyce van den Berg (lead), Martin v/d Berg, David Bout, Lotte Bruinsel, Paul Elzenaar, Paul Geerts, Constanza Gomez Guzman, Annique Guyaux, Hans Kaljee, Mirjam Koevoet, Hans van der Made, Boto van der Meulen, Jasper Pijls, Alex Pixley, Alessandra Riccetti, Richard Ruijtenbeek, Maki Ryu, Henk de Vree, Li Zhiyu, Lujia Zhu collaboration / Alliander, Equinix, GPKL, KPN, TU Delft, University of Amsterdam, Wageningen University & Research, Waternet, VodafoneZiggo
A zone is a strip in the street that, both now and in the future, is designated for a single function, for example electricity cables, the sewage system or tree roots.
The zoning already takes into account the possible interactions between different
Example of an overview table of zones for a specific street profile. General explanatory scheme with dimensions and minimal distances between assets for different types of cables and pipes.
assets, such as which cables and pipes are from the same company, or which can be placed in close proximity to each other in the ground without any risks. Utility companies can use their existing zones to connect new buildings in the future.
The City of Amsterdam can use this zoning document to assess desired placements of assets, to take into account future requirements and designs, and to assist companies in coming to an agreement about shared zones.
Example of the four design studies drawn for each street profile in MORO. This is the outcome of a lengthy and iterative design process in which design variants were discussed on multiple occasions with various stakeholders.
01. Street section
Current situation
02.
Ground level public space design
Current underground situation and conflicting assets
03. Proposed design solution: MUST (for new assets) and other changes
04. Zoning the underground
INTEGRAL AREA PLAN (IAP) WALLENGEBIED
BETTER CITY CENTRE
Joyce van den Berg
The challenges and ambitions for the Wallengebied have been piling up in recent years: energy transition, tourism and accessibility, climate adaptation, waste, new mobility and logistics, water quality and greening. Yet, the space in the densely built city centre is highly limited on the surface and in the underground. A unique challenge for this location is the large-scale restoration of the historic canal walls and bridges, which must take place over the next 5 to 10 years. The scale of the replacement challenge requires explicit deliberations about which other urban ambitions can be linked to the restoration of the canal walls and bridges.
In one of the studios of the Canal Walls and Bridges Programme (CWBP), in which Van den Berg represented the IOOR, the idea arose to deploy the integral design method for the complex accumulation of challenges and develop an integral area plan. Therefore, Van den Berg was involved in conceptualising, promoting and formulating the IAP approach from the outset. The IAP translates and prioritises urban challenges at the area level. The IOOR is the connection between an IAP (collects programmes of different aspects) and a sub-project with its own concrete design and engineering (programming). The IOOR step-by-step plan supports the content, which includes a climate effects atlas, Ambition Webs, selected performance targets, programmed profiles and funding. These must help to make those choices clear for clients, including the spatial and functional consequences of those choices.
Prioritising ambitions means making difficult decisions in which some governance and social ambitions may need to be relinquished. Thanks to IAP and IOOR, these deliberations are based on structured data and reproducible argumentation. In brief, the IAP seeks to generate a maximum public effect with a minimum of public inconvenience in the neighbourhood.
Ambitie web
project description / Pilot IAP with a duration of 10 years, which, amongst other things, will further develop the IOOR location / Amsterdam-Centrum client / Traffic and Public Space (City of Amsterdam) design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead, co-author assignment formulation), Ege Dosemeci, Shivani Handa, Maarten Kool, Ishita Lalitkumar Agrawal, Axel Ottar, Alex Pixley, Alessandra Riccetti, Clara Rodríguez Benz collaboration / Alliander, Waternet, University of Amsterdam
CURRENT SITUATION
AND POTENTIAL
Below, the profile of Oudezijds Achterburgwal is given. The illustration shows a traditional canal wall construction. In addition, research is being done into an innovative “EZflow” construction method, by which the canal wall is replaced in phases with a minimum impact for the surroundings. At the shaded west side of the canal, space has been reserved for plants in the water. These will be placed in baskets on the floor of the canal to ensure that boat traffic is not hindered.
In the first information and analysis phase in 2022, the design team held dozens of interviews with stakeholders and clustered all information and data about the area in 8 thematic maps (IOOR approach). As part of this, a distinction was made with respect to how urgent the challenge is: Must is things required by law, Should is things included in policy, and Could is a wish or option to include an ambition. Could also incorporates promising measures that require little effort or can easily be combined with another challenge.
On the Oudezijds Kolk, the replacement of the eastern canal wall provides an opportunity to experiment with the integration of cables and pipes in the construction of the canal wall itself.
Based on this, an Ambition Management Map was produced to visualise the challenges and ambitions for the Wallengebied for all parties involved (What do we want to jointly accomplish in the Wallengebied?) and to draw up an initial prioritisation. 3D models were also used to visualise the relationship between canal, street, underground and buildings and carry out variant studies for incorporating different requirements and ambitions.
Working visit in the Wallengebied with the Minister for Housing and Spatial Planning, together with managers and executives from City of Amsterdam, representatives from the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, CSO Amsterdam and members of the IOOR team.
This 3D visualisation illustrates how medium-voltage electricity cables and low-temperature heating pipes are included in the canal wall.
This close-up of the Oudezijds Achterburgwal shows how several innovative solutions have been integrated in the canal wall. For example, drinking water and mediumvoltage electrical cables have been placed together in a pipe jacket between the canal wall and the space allowed for the roots of newly planted trees. Under the pavement, an AquaMulti Airbox has been installed, which is an innovative crate system for tree aeration and improving the rooting space.
The crates are made from 100% recycled plastic from the Netherlands, the soil is enriched with nutrients and the structure of the crates protects the roots against the weight of cars driving over the street. The cross-section shows how the drains have been placed in a “spider” pattern in the pavement, while the connections to the homes
are collected at a single entry point on the street. This saves space and ensures a better accessibility for management and maintenance. Further, the replacement of the canal wall also provides an opportunity to improve biodiversity and ecological water quality by allowing space in the texture of the canal wall for spontaneous vegetation, nesting spots for birds, or underwater hiding places for fish and other underwater wildlife.
In the IAP Wallengebied three types of profile were studied: canals, streets and alleys. In the bottom left figure, the Zeedijk is illustrated. In this street, the Puccini method* was applied, resulting in a convex street profile that allows water to be discharged to both sides.
*Puccini is an Amsterdam guideline for the design and materialisation of the public space.
The bottom right figure shows a cross-section of the Kuipersteeg. Here, the optimal use of the very limited public space is the biggest challenge. Cables for data and electricity are always placed next to the façades. However, in this narrow alley, an asymmetrical design is not possible. And the cables are therefore installed on one side of the alley while serving the houses on both sides. For this profile, collaboration with all utility
companies, such as Waternet and Liander, was vital to agree on the new installing scheme for the cables and pipes. For example, a choice was made to place extra insulation so that the distance between various assets could be reduced.
Joyce van den Berg werk / work
R’DAM AHEAD
IOOR IN BOSPOLDERTUSSENDIJKEN, ROTTERDAM
In recent years, the City of Rotterdam and Eneco have worked together on restructuring the Korfmakersstraat in Bospolder-Tussendijken. The sewage system had to be replaced and the district heating installed. Regular exchange took place between the Amsterdam IOOR team and colleagues in Rotterdam, amongst other things, via the City Deal Public Space. Therefore, in the design and planning process for the Korfmakersstraat, the IOOR steps were used to create an optimal design for the surface and underground with all parties involved, and to minimise nuisance for residents during the realisation phase. This is the first street that has been completely realised using the integral design method!
project description / First street realised with the IOOR in Rotterdam, including monitoring location / Rotterdam client / Programma Aardgasvrije Wijken (programme for gas-free neighbourhoods of the City of Rotterdam) team / David al Bazzaz, Alex van Duijvenbode, Richard Ruijtenbeek, Anne-Marie Verheijen knowledge exchange / the IOOR team (City of Amsterdam) role Joyce van den Berg / Adviser
More:
• 5% engineering in the process costs
Reduction:
• 10% to 15% in materials used
• 60% in failure costs
Acceleration:
• 1 to 2.5 years saved in the realisation
MAKE
A DEAL
The City Deal Public Space (CDPS) is a three-year collaboration and exchange between municipalities, government ministries, utility companies and knowledge institutions. Van den Berg is one of the initiators of the CDPS, an initiative for knowledge sharing and knowledge development for new tasks in the public space. Together, the stakeholders develop an integral approach for urban transition tasks by identifying these and based on current projects, develop a new set of instruments for making the public space more sustainable. To work on this main objective of implementation and realisation of an integral approach to public space, six development tracks were defined within the City Deal: Integral challenge and policy development, Urban Programming and collaboration, Integral realisation, Urban investment and business cases, Data-driven management, and Harmonisation of legislation (surface and underground). In addition, there are dozens of studies from different participating cities, including the IAP Wallengebied. As a result of BiodiverCITY and a growing interest for urban soil, the City Deal partners are now working on a national soil index as well.
project description / Collaboration between government ministries, municipalities, knowledge institutions and utility companies for an integral approach to urban transition challenges participating parties / Municipalities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Leiden, The Hague, Amersfoort, Dordrecht, Tilburg, Zoetermeer, Apeldoorn, Groningen, Purmerend, Utrecht, Government ministries: Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV), Interior and Kingdom Relations (BZK), Justice and Security (J&V), Infrastructure and Water Management (I&W), Other partners: Platform31, Stadswerk, CROW, Gemeentelijk Platform Kabels en Leidingen (GPKL), RIONED, Deltares, Naturalis, Statistics Netherlands, Mijnaansluiting, COB, De Bouwcampus and TU Delft participated in this national collaboration role Joyce van den Berg / Co-initiator | Member core team link / City Deal Public Space
Based on the expertise acquired about climate adaptation within the IOOR, Van den Berg was asked to lead the Spatial Climate Adaptation method. The document delivered in spring 2021 is the precursor of the current Climate Adaptation Programme of the City of Amsterdam. It is a comprehensive inventory of all (at that time) available climate adaptation knowledge in relation to the spatial domain and provides tools for urban planners and public space designers to include climate adaptation in their work. For each of the four climate challenges defined at a national level in the Netherlands – flooding, water-related problems, drought and heat –the method follows three steps: Analysis, Ambition and Action. In addition, an overview has been included of the IOOR measures and elaborations related to climate adaptation, and the method is illustrated with several cases as well.
project description / First policy guideline climate adaptation for Amsterdam client / Climate Adaptation Programme (City of Amsterdam) design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Rixt Hofman, Szymon Michalski, Maki Ryu collaboration / Amsterdam Rainproof, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Wageningen University & Research, Waternet link / Spatial Climate Adaptation method
Soil-threatening habits in the city and cross-section (parametric design) of the public space with below that three cross-sections of soil.
CITY_ A MATTER OF VITAL SOIL!
BiodiverCITY_A Matter of Vital Soil! is a research and publication project that emerged from the development of the IOOR. It concerns the importance of a vital soil – a soil that is alive, a soil with high biodiversity – for the city and its residents. The book is informative and agendasetting, with a collection of in-depth essays supplemented with vivid illustrations to make visible and stirring something that is invisible and which we daily tread on and walk past without so much as a second thought. Never before has a municipality in such depth investigated soil life as a condition for city life. The appeal to all (public space) designers and policymakers in the Netherlands is clear: gain a better understanding of the soil and create the conditions for diverse life and vitality because the soil is the basis for the liveability, biodiversity and climate resilience of our cities. Without the soil, there would be no shade and cooling under a tree on a hot summer day, without the soil, no water channel next to the street or sponge effect in your back garden that buffers a downpour and without the soil, no butterflies or birdsong, or hedgehogs or other city fauna.
The project is an initiative from the City of Amsterdam and arose in collaboration with ARTIS, Het Nieuwe Instituut, Inside outside, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, and the Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOOKNAW). The graphic design was created by Joseph Plateau grafisch ontwerpers. It was published in English (2021) and in Dutch (2022) by the Dutch publisher nai010uitgevers. The launch of BiodiverCITY took place at the Venice Biennale 2021 as part of the Dutch contribution. It was part of the Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism 2021, too, and has been included in the Dutch yearbook Blauwe Kamer Jaarboek Landschapsarchitectuur en Stedenbouw in Nederland 2022.
BiodiverCITY_A Matter of Vital Soil! was also listed as one of the top five projects for the Design Studio Mag Award 2022 for Environmental Design. In 2023, BiodiverCITY won the Award of Excellence in the category Concept – Analysis and Planning in the World Landscape Architecture Professional Awards 2023.
project description / Publication about the importance of soil life in the city concept /
Joyce van den Berg, Hans van der Made Editorial and coordination team / Joyce van den Berg (lead, initiator), Hans van der Made, Ingrid Oosterheerd, Marco Roos, Alessandra Riccetti, Johan van Zoest text /
Joyce van den Berg, Sofia Gomes, Gerard Korthals, Hans van der Made, Vincent Merckx, Sylvia Mota de Oliviera, Jorinde Nuytinck, Ingrid Oosterheerd, Froukje Rienks, Marco Roos, Menno Schilthuizen, Michael Stech, Renée Zijlmans, Johan van Zoest design / Joseph Plateau grafisch ontwerpers collaboration / ARTIS, Het Nieuwe Instituut, Inside Outside, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) publisher / nai010 uitgevers volume / 1500 printed copies (EN) and downloadable online (NL/EN) link / BiodiverCITY_ A Matter of Vital Soil!
Soil life
Soil is a complex ecosystem made up of organic material, remnants of stone, water, gases, nutrients and soil organisms. On average, one cup of healthy soil contains 200 billion bacteria, 100,000 metres of fungal hyphae, 20 million protozoa, 100,000 nematodes, 50,000 arthropods, and usually 1 worm too.
Together, these organisms create the vital cycles of carbon, nitrogen and water within the entire ecosystem. Soil life decomposes organic waste, creates a waterretaining soil structure and makes nutrients available to plant roots. Furthermore, healthy soil makes an important contribution to the capture of CO2.
City soil is a scarce commodity
Soil in the city is formed by an interaction of ecological processes and human actions. Due to the large number of buildings, paved surfaces and high population density, soil in the city is often inaccessible, compacted (due to heavy loads), polluted and full of cables and pipework. Over the past century, Dutch cities have expanded considerably, resulting in rich agricultural soil disappearing below the
built environment. In addition, elevating the land with sand first became a normal practice. All of this has been at the expense of soil life and soil biodiversity.
At this point in history, the top layer of the soil is once again particularly vulnerable due to the increasing number of operations in the public space for the integration of infrastructure for the energy transition, digitalisation and climate adaptation.
The excavation and removal of soil not only disturbs soil life but also the (water-retaining) structure of the soil and the fungal hyphae that perform crucial soil functions. On the previous pages, all causes of urban soil degradation have been drawn as a continuous cross-section.
Besides calling for the nature-inclusive design and ecological management of the public space,
BiodiverCITY involved several exploratory studies too.
For example, a study into the seven most common trees in Amsterdam and their relation to CO2 storage, light, water, fungi, mosses, insects and pollinators. An excerpt from this research has been added opposite.
Joyce van den Berg werk / work strategisch
Three “city trees” with their characteristics, from:
Matter of Vital Soil!
During the development of the integral design method, it became clear that knowledge, policy and design tools were inadequate with respect to soil biodiversity. Several measures that promote soil life had already been described as part of the IOOR themes of Living Environment, Water, and Flora & Fauna. In BiodiverCITY this basis was expanded with additional measures and elaborations.
To facilitate and communicate design choices, every measure has a Dutch code that states the purpose (BB = Soil Diversity), the theme (E= Ecological Matrix, B = Soil, W = Water, Be = Management), the scale (GE = Area, NE = Network, OR = Public Space, GB = Public building) and the number of the measure. For example, mosaic mowing – the phased mowing of parks, fields and verges so
that at least 40% of the habitat of insects, pollinators and soil life remains intact – has the code BB/-Be-GE-03 (Soil Diversity, Management, Area, third measure). And BB/ Be-NE-01 is about management policy where organic material such as leaves are left lying on the ground so that they can provide a habitat and source of food for soil animals.
The cross-sections below show the difference between implementing soil-friendly measures and not doing so. A lively, biodiverse soil has an impact on the entire city landscape, from healthier trees and more nesting places for birds and other animals to less flooding and a more pleasant living environment with a lot of greenery.
ECOLOGICAL MATRIX
E-WA-01
Connect green networks in neighbourhood
E-WA-02 Connect black networks for nocturnal animals
E-WA-03 Connect freshwater banks in neighbourhood
E-WA-04 Urban agriculture: Food forest
E-NE-01 Connect green networks in network
E-NE-02 Connect freshwater banks in network
E-NE-03 Urban agriculture: Tiny forest
E-PS-01 Connect green networks in public space
E-PS-02 Green quays
E-ST-01 Connect green networks on site
E-ST-02 Facilitate nesting and roosting places in green garden fences
E-ST-03 Green roof shed or extension
E-BD-01 Connect green networks on building
E-BD-02 Urban agriculture on roof
E-BD-03 Create porosity in buildings and use nature-friendly building materials
SOIL
S-WA-01
Connect soil networks in neighbourhood
S-WA-02 Work with existing soil layers for new urban development
S-WA-03 Create higher indigenous plant diversity in neighbourhood
S-NE-01 Connect soil networks in network
S-NE-02
Collect and decompose green waste, use organic compost
S-PS-01 Connect soil networks in public space
S-PS-02 Green(ing) tree mirrors
S-ST-01 Connect soil networks on site
S-ST-02 Create (own/shared) compost heap
S-ST-03 Less paving, more green in back gardens
S-ST-04 Create green facade from facade garden
S-ST-05 Create higher indigenous plant diversity on site
S-BD-01 Connect soil networks on building
WATER
W-WA-01
Rainwater retention and buffer zone in neighbourhood
W-NE-01 Rainwater retention and buffer zone in network
W-NE-02 Water square (large)
W-PS-01 Facilitate rainwater runoff into water-buffering strips
W-ST-01 Rainwater collection and buffering in shared/own (back)garden
W-BD-01 Pond on water roof
W-BD-02 Collect and reuse rainwater for watering plants on roof/facade MANAGEMENT
M-WA-01 Foster mature soil
M-WA-02 Facilitate temporary green areas development
M-WA-03 Mowing management: varied, mosaic mowing
M-NE-01 Leave organic matter in place in neighbourhood
M-NE-02 Foster spontaneous vegetation growth in network
M-NE-03 Prevent heavy infrastructural work
M-PS-01 Remove litter sparingly in public space
M-PS-02 Foster spontaneous vegetation growth in public space
M-PS-03 Leave green between tiles in public space
M-PS-04 Create porosity
M-ST-01 Remove litter sparingly on site
M-ST-02 Foster spontaneous vegetation growth on site
M-ST-03 Leave green between tiles on site
M-BD-01 Leave dead organic matter in place on building
_ strategic
WORKING TOGETHER ON THE SOIL
NIOO-KNAWNaturalisVlinderstichtingRijkswaterstaatIUCNStichting Globe Nederland
VeryZwijsenUitgeverij Tales SamenHASHogeschoolDenBosch StichtingvoorBiodiversiteit SteenbreekStichtingWij.land StichtingBiodiversiteitsherstelIVNLandschappenNLDeltaplan EMSNatuureducatie EarthwatchFilmsInstituteEurope Bodemdierendagen.nlWageningenVlinderstichtingPlantResearch IUCNNIOO-KNAWCentreNLforSoilEcology(CSE) TUZoetermeerGemeentePlatform31PurmerendRIONEDStadswerkStadswerkTilburgDelft Leiden Ministerie IenW Ministerie JenV Ministerie GemeenteMijnaansluitingBZK Groningen Gemeentelijk Platform GPKL Gemeente Dordrecht De Bouwcampus CBSCROW COBGemeente Rotterdam MinisterieNaturalis LNV Gemeente Den Haag Deltares Gemeente Amsterdam BreinGroeneHetI&WMinisterieWaardewoordInitiatief Bewust Bodemgebruik Gemeente Amsterdam ARTIS Het Nieuwe Instituut Inside Outside Naturalis Biodiversity Center Netherlands Instituteof Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)
Drenthe Twente Noord-Brabant Gelderland Noord-Holland Naturalis Biodiversity Center Universiteit Twente Universiteit van Amsterdam WesterdijkFungalbioDiversityInstitute UniversiteitEURUniversiteitULTUDVUAHL-LCABHvAHbLNaturalis NatuurhistorischMuseumRotterdamviabSRSNNCTrompenburgABLWGNEV Gemeente AmsterdamLeiden ProvinceRotterdamviabSRNoord-HollandbSROBASteenbreek Vriendenvande Leidse Hortus Waarneming.nl Cobra Groeninzicht GreenwavesystemsHeijmans Reichwein Post ProductionRespyre EnerSearch Solar Buurtgroen020 De Gezonde Stad Food Council MRA
TerrAgenda 2020-30 City Deal Openbare Ruimte (bodemindex)
BODEMINITIATIEVEN
projectvoorstelHiddenBiodiversity-Naturalis
OnderhetMaaiveld
Bodemdierendagen
Stichting
GLOBENederland
IVNIUCNGemeente Amsterdam Arcam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Wageningen University Centrum voor Bodemecologie NIOO-KNAW
SPIN OFF _ strategic ONDER HET MAAIVELD (BELOW GROUND LEVEL)
ACADEMIC WORKSHOP
SOIL
Onder het Maaiveld (Below Ground Level) was a special project during which there was a lot of exchange with the BiodiverCITY team. It was a multimedia educational and awareness-raising initiative intended to restore soil life in the Netherlands. Besides several children’s books, the project included a breathtaking documentary with the same title: Onder Het Maaiveld (2023).
At the invitation of the Chief Science Office of the City of Amsterdam, the Academic Workshop Soil (AWB) was started as an interdisciplinary lab and workshop for professionals to gain new insights and think of new research questions related to the soil. The BiodiverCITY team of the City of Amsterdam organised the workshop in collaboration with Naturalis, the Netherlands Institute of Ecology and the ARTIS-Groote Museum. In 2023, four meetings were organised with the overarching question: “How does everything come together in the soil of public spaces, both now and in the future?”
To avoid restricting the discussion to sectoral conversations, four themes have been chosen that criss-cross professional, bureaucratic and spatial demarcations: Time, Scale, Depth and Interaction. Artist Jaehun Park created a 3D computer-modelled work of art to visualise insights from the meetings.
2022, 2023 _to date
_ strategic HIDDEN BIODIVERSITY
As a result of the BiodiverCITY project, a grant proposal was submitted to the Dutch Research Agenda (NWA) by a number of parties involved in BiodiverCITY and a large consortium of scientific institutes, research groups, societal initiatives, municipalities, provinces and a number of companies. The research proposal addresses “hidden biodiversity” in the city and how urban greenery can be improved by taking into account networks of invisible biodiversity. Bacteria, fungi,
invertebrates, algae, lichens, mosses and wild/street plants make up at least 25% of the species diversity in the Netherlands. They fulfil many important ecosystem services, such as retaining water and capturing CO2. In the future, understanding and conserving these “invisible” species will be vital for healthy, liveable, climate-resilient and nature-inclusive cities.
The proposal recently received funding and the research project started in 2023. As the
national research institute for biodiversity in the Netherlands, Naturalis is the lead for the project. Van den Berg helped to write the NWA research proposal and will fulfil an advisory role during the research by contributing her expertise as a landscape architect as well as her knowledge about biodiversity as part of urban planning and designing the public space.
ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND MESSAGES TO THE CITY COUNCIL
On behalf of the architecture centre of Amsterdam, Arcam, city poet Marjolijn van Heemstra wrote poetic messages to the city council that spoke in the quiet voices of everyday and unnoticed elements in the city, both above and below the ground.
Onder- en bovengrondse berichten aan het stadsbestuur
The unheard non-human residents from above and below the ground let themselves be heard. Via city poet Marjolijn van Heemstra, they spoke up and requested attention from designers, the residents of Amsterdam but, in particular, from their city council. The poems were recorded by garden and park designer Ton Hilhorst, photographer Rubén Dario Kleimeer, architect Aura Luz Melis, journalist, author and moderator Tracy Metz, cultural heritage professional Thijs van Roon and landscape designer Philomene van der Vliet, who all passionately lend their voice to the interests of life in and on the soil. Via the graphic design of Eliane Beyer (Joseph Plateau), their greetings to the city council literally illuminate the dark with a glow-in-thedark poster.
Onder- en bovengrondse aan het Opgetekend Marjolijn (in stadsdichter
Lief stadsbestuur,
kent u het lied van de roodborst die tikt tegen het raam, tik tik tik, zingt: laat mij erin, laat mij erin?
Ik denk vaak aan die vogel, zijn poging en dat glas, ook ik kom niet binnen; ik tik op asfalt, tik op tegels, tik op daken, op beton, ik tik en niets opent zich,
de stad neemt mij niet op. Zelfs lege grond biedt nauwelijks plek, te droog, te nat, ik kan niet zakken dus ik wacht, ik wacht in grote diepe plassen, zet de straten blank,
dat is geen onwil, het is simpel: als ik niet cirkel sta ik stil en verzamel ik mijn kracht, tot ik uit mijn vorm barst
ik zou onzichtbaar moeten zijn, water wordt waar het land, wat ik ben is wat ik aanraak tenzij niets mij vangt, als ik teveel wordt: laat mij binnen, ruk de tegels uit de tuinen,
geef mij mos en geen garages, sedum op de daken. Maak mijn halve cirkels heel, haal het glas weg, houdt mij vast.
Hartelijks en groen, Regen Waterplantje
Regenplas Levenscyclus
Poster with glow-in-the-dark soil organisms printed with fluorescent ink
Beste, blinde stadsbestuurders, Ik ben er en niet, geef adem, maak ziek, gassen, pollen, zoveel vormen, vormloos stof, stolp van hitte op een wijk, bries vanaf het water, koepel van oranje licht ’s nachts boven de stad, ik ben reflectie, roet en geur, vluchtig, vervuild, duizendmaal stroom ik door neuzen, ik ken de mens van longs af aan, alle strotten en monden, tongen en smaken, iedereen ademt hetzelfde mengsel. Elke seconde betreed ik het lichaam, en laat bij verlaten mijn sporen na. Ik ben het die levens verlengt of verkort. Pas als ik verdwijn merk je me op, maar ik draag wat de mens de wereld in brengt, leg het terug in eigen borst. Succes ermee, Lucht
Vliegtax
IAMACONSUMER IAMATOURIST
Geachte onnozelaars, Van het prille begin kreeg ik een stigma: wat denk je bij het woord oma? Stroef en traag, moeilijk berijdbaarmaar ik droeg mijn naam als geuzennaam, tot iedereen op mijn zadel wilde. Ik was de geliefdste, meest gejatte fiets van de stad, ik bepaalde het tempo in de straten, mijn bel sloeg de maat.
Versnellingen? Voor sukkels! Snelheid is een samenspel van spierkracht en pedalen. Zo liet ik bewoners door slagregens trappen, doorweekt maar voldaan, want hoe je fietst is hoe je leeft en moeite geeft voldoening omdat ze karakter kweekt. Dit is waarom ik u schrijf: de stad raakt haar ritme kwijt. Niet langer bepaalt mijn zwoegende trap, maar een kakofonie van amateurs, wie niet investeert in de reis die hij aflegt mag zich geen weggebruiker noemen. Zoevers en flitsers; geen natgeregend pak, geen rug die plakt van zweet, nooit een gore broekspijp omdat de ketting eraf lag. Een absurde parade van half-fietsen is het, infantiele karretjes, elektrische kastelen als voertuig vermomd. Oma is kwaad ja, het is chaos, niemand die de maat nog slaat, luiaards gaan hard, de snellen gaan traag. Ruk accu’s en snoertjes los. Steek die dikke banden aan gort. Breng cadans terug in de stad. Met kwade, stadige groet, Oma-fiets
Kringloop
Lief stadsbestuur, De droom die door mijn buizen stroomde: iedereen warm en schoon, behaaglijke waterstralen, mijn onderaardse stelsel een labyrint van welvaart, uit oeroude bellen naar de mensen gebracht nu het einde nadert vraag ik me af of iemand ooit aan de oerbossen dacht die in een lang vergeten tijdvak vergingen, onder grote druk veranderden in olie, steenkool, gas zo veel algen, bomen, beesten opgestookt in radiators, van prehistorie naar waakvlam in de ketel, zoiets gaat niet ongestraft; wie zijn huis verwarmt, verwarmt de wereld, logisch, lijkt me, maar jullie tweevoeters zijn, met alle respect, niet geschikt voor logica, wel voor de chemie die van bos een brandstof maakt. Tovenaars, allemaal, tot het laatste moment vertrouwend op de truc. En nu zoeken jullie verder terug in het verleden, oudere bronnen dan ik heb gegeven. De razende zon, wind, water. Een eindoplossing zal het niet zijn, het enige wat jullie redt is minder van meerach, zinloos gebazel, naar mijn leiding luistert niemand, ik ben slechts een buis, maar wel een buis die zijn tijd graag vooruit is. Ik wil de oude wereld niet langer door mijn pijpen horen sissen. Vul mij met de kracht van de eerste elementen. Houd mij nuttig, maak mij schoon, de ader van de nieuwe droom. Met ondergrondse achting, Het gasleidingnetwerk
Lief stadsbestuur, kent u het lied van de roodborst die tikt tegen het raam, tik tik tik, zingt: laat mij erin, laat mij erin? Ik denk vaak aan die vogel, zijn poging en dat glas, ook ik kom niet binnen; ik tik op asfalt, tik op tegels, tik op daken, op beton, ik tik en niets opent zich, de stad neemt mij niet op. Zelfs lege grond biedt nauwelijks plek, te droog, te nat, ik kan niet zakken dus ik wacht, ik wacht in grote diepe plassen, zet de straten blank, dat is geen onwil, het is simpel: als ik niet cirkel sta ik stil en verzamel ik mijn kracht, tot ik uit mijn vorm barst ik zou onzichtbaar moeten zijn, water wordt waar het land, wat ik ben is wat ik aanraak tenzij niets mij vangt, als ik teveel wordt: laat mij binnen, ruk de tegels uit de tuinen, geef mij mos en geen garages, sedum op de daken. Maak mijn halve cirkels heel, haal het glas weg, houdt mij vast. Hartelijks en groen, Regen
Zonder mij is het drijven of verdrinken. Mijn eisen zijn redelijk voor het werk dat ik verricht.
1. Meer grond.
2. Schone grond. Vergeet niet dat ik uw toekomst ben, de hoeder van uw laatste plek, het gat waarin u straks verdwijnt. Ik zal kronkelen door uw brein, dat trouwens in de worm geboren werd, ik was het eerste dier met hersens, uw denken is van oorsprong ondergronds. Rekenend op uw verstand onderteken ik, met achting, Worm
101010010100011001101101011
01010010100011001010101010
1001101011110101001010
Geachte bovengrondse, U vergat zich aan mij voor te stellen. Zand erover, u bent niet de eerste, maar uw stad bestaat niet zonder mij. Aangenaam. Walvis van de aarde. Albatros van het compost. Regenworm. Pendelaar tussen land en water. Meester van het verticale. U beweegt zich langs de horizon. Ik tussen boven en beneden. Ik kan u gangen leren graven, dieper dan uw diepste angsten, leren hoe je water als eb de grond intrekt, als een levende ploeg, plassen naar het duister brengt. Voor niets houd ik uw straten droog, maar wie makkelijk over mij heen stapt schiet zich in de voet.
Onderkruipsel
Veel gepraat over toekomstbestendigheid. Veel metingen. Paar ideeën. Ik maar liggen. Wachten. Uitgedroogd. Zinderend asfalt in laaiende zon. Geen vinger om op te steken. Klinkers zonder stem. Ik zou zeggen: al die toekomst lijkt veel op het verleden. Het was er al, het werkte al, toen werd het door gesneden. Als we ergens heen gaan dan graag terug. Wormen aub. Wortels om dit asfalt te breken. De schaduw die hier altijd lag en mensen die slenteren. Waar zijn ze gebleven? De wandelaars, de trage sloffers. Wat is een straat als niemand stopt? Doorvoerroute. Droog kanaal van A naar B. Aandacht wil ik. Aandacht brengt vanzelf de rest. Ik ben geen route maar een plek. Vermoeide groeten, Straat
Geacht, oppervlakkig stadsbestuur, Ik wil niet veel, alleen wat minder. In mijn eentje lukt het niet, al die informatie die ik dagelijks te vreten krijg, probeer er maar vanaf te blijven. Ik ben te zwak, te zwaar, ik kan niet meer. Duizelig van zoomgesprekken, stijf van transfers verslik ik me in terrabytes. Voor wie op ooghoogte leeft ben ik makkelijk te vergeten, maar het wordt tijd u te bemoeien met de velen hierbeneden. Ze noemen mij hier MegaMat, niemand mag mij en ik snap het. Kijk hoe log ik in de bodem lig, blokkeer de wortels en de wormen. Ik wil slinken, als een kreekje kronkelen onder tegels. Ik wil lang en slank en soepel zijn, ik wil snelheid, ik wil vezels. Diepe groeten, Uw kabel
Stadsbestuur! In haast geschreven, onderweg naar de oven, van vocht naar vuur, mijn korte leven zou eindeloos zijn als u voorbij mijn aangezicht keek ik ben meer dan spletenveger! Bespaar mij dit lot dat ik niet kan bevatten, mijn natte wezen straks in as, er is allang bewezen wat ik kan betekenen voor de stad. Mijn cellulose versterkt gevels wegen en kozijnen. Isoleer met mij! Composteer met mij! Red mij van de vlammen, van dit domme, rechte denken dat wat je doorspoelt niets meer waard is. Van anus naar asfalt is alles te winnen, laat mij cirkelen, vandaag nog, met mij verbrandt de zoveelste kans! Urgente groet, Wc-papier
Lithium
Geopolitiek
Geheugen
Buizenstelsel
Korstmos
Circulair
Stoeptegel
Klimaatmars
Aardwarmte
E-bike
Wortelstelsel
Waterplantje
Kabelnetwerk
Regenplas
Levenscyclus
Exotisch
Digidata
Kikkerdril
IJskristal
Hemellichaam
Nachtwacht
Spierkracht
Kabelnetwerk
Geopolitiek
Stadsbestuur!
Beste, blinde stadsbestuurders,
Vliegtax
In haast geschreven, onderweg naar de oven, van vocht naar vuur, mijn korte leven zou eindeloos zijn als u voorbij mijn aangezicht keekik ben meer dan spletenveger!
Bespaar mij dit lot dat ik niet kan bevatten, mijn natte wezen straks in as, er is allang bewezen wat ik kan betekenen voor de stad.
Geacht, oppervlakkig stadsbestuur,
IAMACONSUMER
Ik wil niet veel, alleen wat minder. In mijn eentje lukt het niet, al die informatie die ik dagelijks te vreten krijg, probeer er maar vanaf te blijven. Ik ben te zwak, te zwaar, ik kan niet meer.
Ik ben er en niet, geef adem, maak ziek, gassen, pollen, zoveel vormen, vormloos stof, stolp van hitte op een wijk, bries vanaf het water, koepel van oranje licht ’s nachts boven de stad, ik ben reflectie, roet en geur, vluchtig, vervuild, duizendmaal stroom ik door neuzen, ik ken de mens van longs af aan, alle strotten en monden, tongen en smaken, iedereen ademt hetzelfde mengsel. Elke seconde betreed ik het lichaam, en laat bij verlaten mijn sporen na. Ik ben het die levens verlengt of verkort. Pas als ik verdwijn merk je me op, maar ik draag wat de mens de wereld in brengt, leg het terug in eigen borst.
Succes ermee, Lucht
Mijn cellulose versterkt gevels wegen en kozijnen. Isoleer met mij! Composteer met mij! Red mij van de vlammen, van dit domme, rechte denken dat wat je doorspoelt niets meer waard is. Van anus naar asfalt is alles te winnen, laat mij cirkelen, vandaag nog, met mij verbrandt de zoveelste kans!
Duizelig van zoomgesprekken, stijf van transfers verslik ik me in terrabytes. Voor wie op ooghoogte leeft ben ik makkelijk te vergeten, maar het wordt tijd u te bemoeien met de velen hierbeneden.
Ze noemen mij hier MegaMat, niemand mag mij en ik snap het. Kijk hoe log ik in de bodem lig, blokkeer de wortels en de wormen. Ik wil slinken, als een kreekje kronkelen onder tegels. Ik wil lang en slank en soepel zijn, ik wil snelheid, ik wil vezels.
Diepe groeten, Uw kabel
Urgente groet, Wc-papier
Paardenbloempluisje
Digidata
Mycelium
ECOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
HEALTHY
WATER
Many aspects of the water-rich public space (in Amsterdam) have been greatly overlooked, but provide opportunities for the future, such as ecological values, aquathermal energy or a place to cool off during a heatwave. In 2027, all Dutch waters must also satisfy the European Water Framework Directive, including canals and other urban surface water. With the introduction of this new directive, the current inadequate water quality could well lead to fines from Brussels. There is an urgent need for exploratory research into the role of water ecology and water quality in the city for the purpose of biodiversity, climate resilience and improved sustainability.
At a project level, the reason for further research into ecological water quality was the IAP Wallengebied, where a large part of the project area is made up of canals, and the major challenge of replacing the canal walls and bridges is at the top of the agenda. Artist and landscape architect Thijs de Zeeuw made an initial exploration of the issues concerning water ecology. To gain a deeper understanding of the subject of urban water quality, a national research proposal was formulated with the title Future water: exploratory research into urban water ecology. In this proposal, the various cities involved were used as cases to gain practical knowledge about what Dutch cities need to improve their water quality and water ecology.
project description / Exploration of ecological water quality in Amsterdam location / Amsterdam core team / Joyce van den Berg (co-initiator), Mas Jansma, Maarten Ouboter, Thijs de Zeeuw collaboration / Waternet, Waterschap AGV
Under the microscope, Amsterdam canal water proves to be full of life. For example, multicellular rotifers play an important role in the food chain and function as tiny filters. The water in the canals contains billions of rotifers. The yellow spheres are colonies of unicellular chrysomonad algae from the genus Synura. Many bacteria are present in the canal water as well but these are harder to identify. What are the functions of the different species of microbes in our urban water? And what do they need to contribute to better water quality and more aquatic flora and fauna?
Joyce
Joyce van den Berg werk / work strategic tactical operational
JUST LOOK AT THIS NOORDER IJPLAS THIS!
Although this is an older project in the portfolio, it contains many elements that now play a central role in Van den Berg’s work with the IOOR and BiodiverCITY. The Noorder IJplas lake project is about soil quality and underground, both above and below the water. But water quality, biodiversity and circularity are also important elements in the design. The project demonstrates a landscape-centred view of a densifying city with unusual, innovative solutions and long-term thinking. All of these aspects are typical of how Van den Berg continues to approach complex urban challenges today as well.
The Noorder IJplas is located between Amsterdam, Zaanstad and Oostzaan. The lake was quarried in the 1970s and 1980s to extract sand for the construction of the A10 motorway, for example. As a deep body of water, its value for nature and biodiversity was limited. On the nearby municipal soil bank, waste soil from building projects and roadworks had been dumped. The municipality did not know how to get rid of all that earth. As the chief designer in the project, Van den Berg has linked these two problems. In phases over a longer period of time, the soil from the depot has been used to make the Noorder IJplas less deep and to create natural banks to improve the ecological value and water quality. Also, the soil quality and experiential value of the surrounding land was considerably improved through a long-term strategy of using grazing animals (and off-road motorcycling) because these constantly churn up the ground, which means that the landscape retains a characteristic pioneering ecology.
The work started about 10 years ago, and these photos were taken last summer. The Noorder IJplas has now become a rich ecological environment. Unusual plants and animals live in the lake due to its brackish water. These days, it has even become a popular diving location. Many birds can be found there, too. With the development of Haven-Stad and the developments in the Achtersluispolder on the side of Zaanstad and Oostzaan, the lake will soon be located in the middle of the city.
project description / Incorporation soil depot and ecological evolution of the Noorder IJplas location / Amsterdam-Noord client / Land and Development (City of Amsterdam) design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Maarten de Heij collaboration / Waternet
POSTFOSSIL FREE DREAMS
The imaginary Devies Magazine 2039 was developed as a submission to the Post-fossil fuel competition. The newspaper is the pre-publication of the news in 2039. The events in the city of 2039 occur in a world where fossil fuels no longer have a place. Everything we see and use at present contains fossil fuels. Removing these would yield an empty street view. Nevertheless, several starting points were used and incorporated in the various newspaper articles to present an idea of what a post-fossil fuel world and public space would look like.
Awareness:
People are immediately aware of their energy consumption. Residents and companies pay for the energy consumed and clarify the costs in the products that they buy or sell. The E-coin makes its debut.
Cultural history:
In the future city, there is more room for natural cultural-historical values. For the Netherlands, these are water and wind.
Material use:
The use of materials decreases and re-use increases. Far fewer polymers are used.
Modular and demountable: Buildings and other products are modular and demountable.
Energy exchange: Functions in the city reinforce each other in their energy provision. Inclusive and complimentary: Functions within buildings complement each other, are exchangeable and reinforce each other.
Hybrid:
By making better use of time, optimal use can be made of the value of raw material streams, surfaces, cubic metres, etc.
Next, more specific starting points and changes are described for the themes of Work, Living, Mobility, Consumption and Recreation. The aim of the Devies Magazine is to set the reader thinking and to increase the public imagination about a future without fossil fuels.
project description / Submission for competition about the city in a post-fossil fuel era client / Urban Futures Studio (UFS), Utrecht University design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Rosalie Begeer, Bas Kopper, Jannegien Luursema, Iruma Rodríguez, Sjors Onneweer, Sara van Vliet, Robert Younger exhibition / Utrecht City Hall size / 5000 visitors link / Post-Fossil City (postfossil.city) Post-Fossil City Exhibition-Grand Opening, June 22 2017 @ Stadskantoor, Utrecht | Flickr
We cannot simply solve the problems within the same system that has caused these problems. As then, too many essential things will go wrong. Jessica den Outer
If you assume that science delivers certainty, well, that’s simply your own fault. Richard Feynman
The earlier you invest, the bigger the return. James Aeckman
ABLEDEVELOPMENT
Sustainable area development
Prior to the development of the Integral Design Method Public Space, Van den Berg carried out several area development projects in Haven-Stad, Amsterdam, where the focus was on sustainability. The complexity in terms of spatial incorporation and stakeholders for projects such as the Zaanstraat emplacement and the Haarlemmerweg - N200, demonstrate how experienced and skilled Van den Berg is in creating order and societal support amidst chaos and seemingly conflicting interests. The sticking points between sustainability issues and the current way of working that clearly emerged during the various projects in Haven-Stad gave rise to the conceptual seeds that were planted for the development of the IOOR.
HAVEN-STAD DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
SUSTAIN ABLE TRANSFOR MATION
Joyce van den Berg
Haven-Stad in Amsterdam-West is being transformed from an industrial area into an urban residential and working area. The development strategy drawn up for this in 2017 was later translated into an “integral framework” that was approved in 2021. Van den Berg was the lead for the original development strategy that describes the conditions and area-wide tasks to be able to develop Haven-Stad into an attractive residential and working area with 40,000 to 70,000 new homes and 45,000 to 58,000 jobs. The strategy was divided into 12 sub-areas and 5 phases, and the characteristics, opportunities, and risks of the different sub-locations were taken into account. Over the course of time, the residential building programme and financial management from the perspective of ground exploitations will take place per sub-area. Achieving high densities while retaining a healthy living climate is only possible if Haven-Stad has good transport connections. As the current road network cannot process much more extra traffic, a step-by-step “mobility shift” is anticipated with high-quality public transport, cycling and pedestrian traffic.
Sustainable energy sources, such as energy from the waste energy company and hot and cold water from the River IJ, are just a stone’s throw away. Furthermore, a growing number of companies in the harbour area are working on the circular economy. This provides opportunities for Haven-Stad to take the lead in terms of sustainability and circularity.
project description / Area transformation of harbour and industry to housing and working location / Amsterdam-West client / Planning and Sustainability (City of Amsterdam) design team / Melanie August de Meijer, Joyce van den Berg (co-lead), Andreas Mulder, Joanna Stegenga-Rydlewska, Mirjam Verrijdt, Bart Vlaanderen (general lead Haven-Stad) size / 40,000 to 70,000 new homes, 45,000 to 58,000 jobs.
The Haven-Stad area is being transformed into a mixed, metropolitan environment in an area ratio of 80% housing and 20% non-housing.
Other departure points:
• In HavenStad 40,000 to 70,000 new homes will be built.
• The neighbourhoods in Haven-Stad will provide homes for a mixed group of people according to socioeconomic status, age and composition of the households.
• HavenStad will provide room for 45,000 to 58,000 jobs.
• During the transformation, the investment perspective of the companies already located in the area will play a prominent role.
• In HavenStad, the social, cultural and commercial programme of facilities realised will be appropriate to a metropolitan environment.
• HavenStad will be given a high-quality network of green-blue spaces and structures with improved connectivity that complies with the Amsterdam Reference Standard.
• In HavenStad, priority will be given to cyclists and pedestrians, and the focus will be on the high-quality, intricate public transport infrastructure (bus, tram and metro).
• HavenStad will take the lead in the field of sustainability and circularity.
RELOCATION
PUZZLING AND FITTING
EMPLACEMENT (MIRT)
Joyce van den Berg
Within the larger area development of Haven-Stad, a technical feasibility study and a MIRT trajectory were carried out to examine whether the emplacement on the Zaanstraat could be relocated to Westhaven. The area, which mainly consists of elevated railway tracks, forms the crucial link between the Spaarndammerbuurt and Westerpark. The location and the good public transport, cycling and pedestrian connections make this an ideal location for high-density building. The project was very complex due to the large number of asset owners and authorities involved: the City of Amsterdam, NS, Prorail, NedTrain, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management and the Port of Amsterdam.
The railway emplacements serve the activities of NedTrain and function as parking places for passenger trains. Relocating the current activities can reduce the spatial barrier and create a better connection between the Spaarndammerbuurt, Westerpark and Sloterdijk. At the same time, the railway sector has plans concerning the railway emplacements and the rail logistics around Amsterdam, such as the High-Frequency Rail Programme. The core of the study encompasses three scenarios for relocating the emplacement to Westhaven, and the financial consequences of each scenario have been considered as well.
project description / Feasibility study for the MIRT of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management location / Amsterdam-West client / Planning and Sustainability, City of Amsterdam design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Carlijn Klomp, Andreas Mulder collaboration / Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Nederlandse Spoorwegen, ProRail
Haalbaarheidsstudie verplaatsing Zaanstraat emplacement naar emplacement Westhaven (MIRT)
The various scenarios that emerged from the feasibility study constitute an amplification of the needs and interests of the various stakeholders and illustrate how different ways of relocating the railway emplacement can provide room for new (sustainability) ambitions.
CYCLES STUDY CIRCULAR ECONOMY ZAANSTRAAT
EMPLACEMENT
2016 Study circular economy
Zaanstraat emplacement
The City of Amsterdam wants the city to use 50% less new raw materials in 2030, and aims for the city to be 100% circular in 2050. As a practical step towards achieving these ambitions, a study into the potential of circularity for the transformation of the Zaanstraat emplacement was conducted in Haven-Stad with Van den Berg as its project leader. The study examined which materials are released in different phases of the transformation of the area. It also investigated how the soil can be remediated in a natural manner.
project description / Study circular approach Zaanstraat emplacement location / Amsterdam-West client / Planning and Sustainability (City of Amsterdam) design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Martijn Veentra size / 8.5 hectares
Joyce
The study examined both the economic and ecological aspects of materials and raw materials. The financial component was also schematically described.
GOING FURTHER TOGETHER
The N200 is a main artery for entering and leaving the city on the west side of Amsterdam, but it has also formed a major barrier between the surrounding extant and future neighbourhoods. The re-profiling and restructuring of the Haarlemmerweg - N200 falls under Haven-Stad as well. This MIRT trajectory was a particularly complex project due to the various asset owners: City of Amsterdam, Rijkswaterstaat, Waternet and Stadsregio. Rijkswaterstaat owns the road, the municipality owns the trees and greenery, and Waternet is the owner of the main drinking water pipe from the dunes, which needs to be replaced. What makes this project unusual is that Rijkswaterstaat approved a reduction of the maximum speed on the N200 from 70 to 50 km per hour. As a result, it has become considerably easier to cross the road between Haven-Stad and Amsterdam-West.
The most unique aspect of this project, for which Van den Berg created the design, is that the consultation between the stakeholders was organised so well that the area has a single design document, with a single financial construction and a single joint call for tenders written out by several owners.
project description / Restructuring main access road as a city street and replacing primary drinking water pipe location / Amsterdam-West client / Land and Development, City of Amsterdam design team / Rosalie Begeer, Joyce van den Berg (lead), Mohamed el Faghloumi, Simon Sprietsma, Robert Younger size / Length of 4 kilometres
The Haarlemmerweg and N200 have become an important green corridor in the city.
Spatial technical challenges included increasing the possibilities for various traffic flows to cross the Haarlemmerweg in an orderly manner. Another was the replacement and incorporation of the new main drinking water pipe from the Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen (water supply dunes of Amsterdam) to the city, a pipe of considerable size.
Based on the MIRT Sloterdijk and the design document, we drew up these points of departure for a city road:
• Haarlemmerweg - N200 as a green corridor through the urban environment;
• Well-ordered traffic situation;
• Strengthening the continuity of underpasses;
• Interweaving of the urban fabric between the south side of the Haarlemmerweg and the urban fabric on the north side of the Haarlemmerweg/vaart;
• Final image quality in each phase, and space for further growth.
CONNECT IONS FOR PEOPLE AND ANIMALS
Joyce van den Berg
The restructuring of Molenwerf was originally just a restructuring task that included an assignment from the Stadsregio to build an extra tram stop. Thanks to the smart combination of financial resources it became possible to add more quality for both people and animals. Due to the restructuring, the ecological bottleneck besides the Brettenzone was removed by extending the ecological value and shaping this in an urban context. At the same time, cut-through driving that had caused a lot of nuisance was prevented by degrading the street the drivers used. In terms of experience, Molenwerf was designed as an extension of the Westerpark, using similar materials and plants. Overall, a subtle but valuable new balance of types of mobility and connections has arisen at the Molenwerf.
project description / From bottleneck to connection for people and animals with an ecological tram stop location / Amsterdam-West client / Land and Development (City of Amsterdam) design team/ Joyce van den Berg (lead), Mohamed el Faghloumi, Mark van Vilsteren collaboration / Metro and Tram, Stadsregio size / 2 hectares
As can be seen from the map and legend, the choice of materials and plants for the restructuring has been strongly inspired by the Westerpark. As a cyclist, you cycle through the greenery, and as a walker or person catching a tram you can even count the rabbits as you briefly sit down on one of the continuous wooden benches.
Joyce van den Berg werk / work strategic tactical operational
INVISIBLE GROWTH AMSTELSCHEG A9
The green buffer zone of the Amstelscheg on the south side of Amsterdam is crossed by the A9 motorway, which joins the A2 motorway. Part of the development of the head of the Amstelscheg was the widening of the A9. On the one hand, this meant a widening of this linear element in the landscape and, on the other, the mandatory and necessary infrastructure also had to be incorporated into the green environment. Due to its elevated location, the A9 has a considerable influence on how the polder landscape is experienced. The widening was a good moment to pay attention to a careful incorporation into the landscape. The impact of the intervention was minimised by ensuring that the A9 blends with the landscape. In consequence, the choice fell on a natural colour composition that combines well with the landscape. The biggest challenge was the design of the “care station”, a combination of a petrol station with shops, places to eat and rest. In the end, the City of Amsterdam together with municipality Ouderkerk aan de Amstel and Rijkswaterstaat produced a “Client Requirements Specification” for the incorporation of the motorway.
project description / Incorporation and widening of A9 in the head of the Amstelscheg location / Amsterdam, Amstelveen and Ouderkerk aan de Amstel client / Municipalities of Amsterdam, Amstelveen and Ouderkerk aan de Amstel design team / Joyce van den Berg (lead), Ed Buijs, Martijn Veentra collaboration / Rijkswaterstaat, Ouderkerk aan de Amstel size / 100 hectares
A good spatial and visual incorporation of the A9 and the care station is achieved by a careful study of height differences, materialisation and greenery.
Different design variants were explored in the design process, during which the discovery of the impossibilities was just as important as the discovery of the possibilities. Establishing undesirable motorway profiles and sound barriers contributed to finding the desired solutions.
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
p.2
Joyce. Photo: Architecture Workroom Brussels
p.5
Rogers’ innovation theory
p.6
Big, Small, Inside, Outside story tactic. Bron: Pipdecks
p.7
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
p.10
Joyce van den Berg, Ege Dosemeci
AI: ChatGPT, DALL-E, Soundful mastering with Bandlab), Uberduck.
Oosterpark. Photo: Ingrid Oosterheerd Corner Middenweg/ Kamerlingh Onneslaan. Photo: Ingrid Oosterheerd Raadhuisstraat. Photo: Joyce van den Berg Zeilbrug. Photo: Alphons Nieuwenhuis
p.18/ p.19/ p.20/ p.21/ p.22/ p.23
Maps and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Eliane Beyer, Sofia Arrias Bittencourt, Sten Camps, Anne-Marije van Duin, Tohid Korse, Eric Kraak, Hans van der Made, Bob Mantel, Szymon Michalski, Ingrid Oosterheerd, Alessandra Riccetti, Basia van Rijt, Richard Ruijtenbeek, Maki Ryu, Nadine Schiller, Marina Vasarini Lopes, Chong Yao
p.24/ p.25/ p.26/ p.27
Publication. Photo: Joyce van den Berg
Maps and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Eliane Beyer,
Sofia Arrias Bittencourt, Sten Camps, Anne-Marije van Duin, Tohid Korse, Eric Kraak, Hans van der Made, Bob Mantel, Szymon Michalski, Ingrid Oosterheerd, Alessandra Riccetti, Basia van Rijt, Richard Ruijtenbeek, Maki Ryu, Nadine Schiller, Marina Vasarini Lopes, Chong Yao
p.28/ p.29
IOOR in brief.
Photo: Joyce van den Berg
Maps and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Hans van der Made, Ingrid Oosterheerd, Joseph Plateau grafisch ontwerpers
p.30
Drawings: Nick Gordon, Joep Hövels, Marek Minor, Bart Ros, Dominique Vosmaer
p.31
Drawings: Dominik Alois Lukkes, Thijs Asselbergs, Mauric Bohle, Susan Jayne Carruth, Jessica Crow, Else Dekker, Laura Høgh, Kasper Guldager Jensen, Qi Gao, Peter Luscuere, Florian Markus, Hans Munk, Kåre Poulsgaard, Mauro Parravicini
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Parametric design 3D images: Louis van Amerongen, Joyce van den Berg, Ege Dosemeci, Alessandra Riccetti
Drawings 3D-printed scale model: Joyce van den Berg, Studio 1:1
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Chart: Joyce van den Berg, Ege Dosemeci, Ceciel Jubitana
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Diagram: Maria Baeva, Joyce van den Berg, Chong Yao
Amsterdam-Zuidoost, area Amstel-Stad. Photo: Your Captain
Maps and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Sofia Arrias Bittencourt, Sten Camps, Anne-Marije, Emma Diehl, van Duin, Tohid Korse, Eric Kraak, Hans van der Made, Bob Mantel, Szymon Michalski, Alessandra Riccetti, Basia van Rijt, Richard Ruijtenbeek, Maki Ryu, Nadine Schiller, Marina Vasarini Lopes, Chong Yao
p.48/ p.49/ p.50/ p.51
Photos: Beeldbank Amsterdam and employees Spatial Planning and Sustainability, City of Amsterdam
Maps and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Nadine Schiller, Maki Ryu, Anastasija Dukic, Anne-Marije van Duin, Carolina Rodrigues Martinho, Marina Vasarini Lopes, Alessandra Riccetti, Sofia Arrias Bittencourt
p.52/ p.53/ p.54/ p.55/ p.56/ p.57
Maps and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Alessandra Riccetti, Constanza Gomez Guzman, Maki Ryu, Li Zhiyu, Maria Baeva, Lujia Zhu, Alex Pixley, Mirjam Koevoet, Boto van der Meulen, Marina Vasarini Lopes
Wallengebied. Photo: photographer Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations
Maps, drawings and 3D graphics Joyce van den Berg, Alessandra Riccetti, Clara Rodriguez Benz, Ege Dosemeci, Shivani Handa, Ishita Lalitkumar Agrawal, Kool, Maarten, Axel Ottar
p.68/ p.69
Bospolder-Tussendijken. Photos: David al Bazzaz
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Philharmonie, Haarlem.
Photos: Henri Blommers Kanaalweg, Utrecht. Photos: Architecture Workroom
Brussels
Stadhuisplein, Amersfoort.
Photos: Architecture Workroom
Brussels
Maps and drawings: Architecture Workroom
Brussels
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Maps, drawings, 3D graphics and photos: Joyce van den Berg, Rixt Hofman, Szymon Michalski, Maki Ryu
Photo: nai010 publishers, 2021 Drawings: Louis van Amerongen, Joyce van den Berg, Eliane Beyer, Alicia Sanchez Fonseca, Constanza Gomez Guzman, Jean Carlos Ocampo Cantillo, Rosita Hemelaar, Alessandra Riccetti, Chong Yao, Lujia Zhu and Marina Lopes Vasarini
p.84/ p.85
Diagram: Maria Baeva, Joyce van den Berg, Chong Yao
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Film poster Onder Het Maaiveld. Photo: EMS FILMS
ARTIS-Groote Museum. Photo: Marjolein Vinkenoog Still image from 3D Artwork: Jaehun Park Monsters Hidden Biodiversity. Photos: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
p.90/ p.91/ p.92/ p.93
Poems and drawings: City poet Marjolijn van Heemstra, Joseph Plateau grafisch ontwerpers (Eliane Beyer)
p.92/ p.93/ p.94/ p.95
Oosterdok, Amsterdam.
Photos: Thijs de Zeeuw, Marjolijn Boterenbrood Microscope images: Mas Jansma
3D images: Joyce van den Berg, Ege Dosemeci
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Noorder IJplas. Photos: Thijs de Zeeuw, Koen Wonders
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Utrecht City Hall. Photos: Joyce van den Berg, Sjors Onneweer
Demonstration in Amsterdam.
Photo: Joyce van den Berg
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Aerial photo: Google Earth
Map: Melanie August de Meijer, Joyce van den Berg, Andreas Mulder, Joanna Stegenga Rydlewska, Bart Vlaanderen
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3D image: Joyce van den Berg, Andreas Mulder
Map and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Mohammed Flaghloumi, Carlijn Klomp, Andreas Mulder, Paul Südkamp
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Drawings: Joyce van den Berg
p.114 / p.115/ p.116/ p.117/ p.118/ p.119
Haarlemmerweg/ N200.
Construction Photos: Alexander de Baar, Rene Castelijn, Rob Faase, Hetty Fentener van Vlissingen, Ingrid Koenen, Maryke Oor, Gerrit Serne, Peter Vreeswijk Haarlemmerweg/ N200.
Photos: Joyce van den Berg
Drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Mohamed el Faghloumi, Simon, Sprietsma, Rosalie Begeer, Robert Younger
p.120/ p.121/ p.122/ p.123
Molenwerf. Photos: Joyce van den Berg
Map: Joyce van den Berg, Mohamed el Faghloumi, Mark van Vilsteren
p.124/ p.125/ p.126/ p.127/ p.128/ p.129
Aerial: Google Earth
Maps and drawings: Joyce van den Berg, Martijn Veenstra
