Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, Navapur district Nandurbar by Journal of Research in Biology

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, Navapur district Nandurbar Authors: ABSTRACT: Jaiswal Dipak Shejule KB* Water is the primary need for all vital life processes. Water itself is an and Kiran Ahirrao**. environment, which support large number of organisms. However, it is highly affected due to increased population, industrialization and unplanned urbanization that makes pure water scanty to human beings. Day by day, water bodies are being highly contaminated and are becoming biological deserts. At the same time, the quality of Institution: standing water is becoming more and more unfit for humankind due to unwise use, negligence and mismanagement. The quality of life is linked with the quality of *Dept. of Zoology, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar environment, hence biological components of fresh water depend solely on better Marathwada University, physico-chemical conditions, and therefore, analysis of physic-chemical parameters of Aurangabad, (Maharashtra water is essential. The present study was conducted at two different stations in the State) India Rangawali Dam, from tribal area. Samples were collected between June 2007 and May 2009 on a monthly basis and evaluated quantitatively. The study carried out for ** Rani Laxmibai College, Parola, D-Jalgaon, 425111, two years included following physicochemical parameters of the water samples. The regional climate at the site of study is distinctly marked in to three seasons, namely India. Monsoon (June to September) winter (October to January) and summer (February to May). The physico-chemical parameters like Rain Fall , Atmospheric temp, Water temp, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved carbon dioxide, Calcium, Magnesium Chlorides and Sulphates were studied on seasonal basis, since the climatic changes seem to Corresponding author: influence the ecological factors, and physicochemical parameters. Kiran Ahirrao. Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, freshwater Rangawali dam, Nandurbar.

Email Id: drkiranahirrao@gmail.com

Web Address: http://jresearchbiology.com/ documents/RA0352.pdf.

Article Citation: Jaiswal Dipak Shejule KB and Kiran Ahirrao. Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, Navapur district Nandurbar Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658 Dates: Received: 9 July 2014

Accepted: 17 Aug 2014

Published: 18 Mar 2015

This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Journal of Research in Biology An International Scientific Research Journal

1648-1658 | JRB | 2015 | Vol 5 | No 2

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Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 critical extensive studies are required to protect the

INTRODUCTION Freshwater

biodiversity

the

over-riding

natural and manmade water sources.

conservation priority during the International Decade for

The problem of pollution of water resources, due

Action – ‘Water for Life’ – 2005 to 2015. Fresh water

to the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes and is

makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and

a great threat on the international scale. And for this,

approximately 0.8% of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny

economical methods to assess water pollution are

fraction of global water supports at least 100000 species

needed. Any impairment caused by pollution has its

out of approximately 1.8 million – almost 6% of all

effect on the aquatic biota. Therefore, a continuous effect

described

freshwater

on the aquatic biota reflects the conditions existing in the

biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in

aquatic environment and the data can be utilized for the

economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational

monitoring of water pollution.

species.

Inland

waters

and

terms. Their conservation and management are critical to the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet

MATERIALS AND METHODS

this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are

Sampling method analysis:

experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than

The present study was carried out to study

those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if

physico-chemical

trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and

Navapur, Dist-Nandurbar. In two years of study period

species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity

2007-08 and 2008-09 data of rainfall was collected from

to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh

the collector office District Nandurbar. Atmospheric

water will vanish before the ‘Water for Life’ decade ends

temperature was recorded with the help of mercury

in 2015.

thermometer. The water temperature, Dissolved Oxygen,

Water is the primary need for all vital life processes. Ever since the prehistoric times, man has been closely associated with water and the evidences of past

parameters

Rangawali

dam,

pH, salinity, and dissolved carbon dioxide were recorded by using portable water analysis kit. These

above-mentioned

parameters

were

civilization that all historic human settlements were

analyzed on the spot at selected stations one and one,

around inland fresh water resources have proved it.

soon after collecting the samples at fixed date and during

Water itself is an environment, which support large

6 A.M. to 8 A.M. The estimation of total calcium,

number of organisms. However, is highly affected due to

magnesium, sulphates and chlorides were analyzed in the

increased population, industrialization and unplanned

laboratory after immediately colleting samples. These

urbanization that makes pure water scanty to human

parameters were measured in the laboratory by applying

beings. Day by day, water bodies are being highly

respective methods (APHA, 1998). For the analysis of

contaminated and are becoming biological deserts. At the

physico-chemical factors, the surface water was collected

same time, the quality of standing water is becoming

from the fix spots of Rangavali Dam, every month

more and unfit for humankind due to unwise use,

between 6 A.M. to 8 A.M. on fixed date to avoid the

negligence and mismanagement. Therefore, quality

fluctuation in the observations. The work was carried out

assessment of water is the most urgent need of the hour.

for the period of two year 2007-08 and 2008-09.

It can be done either by monitoring the physico-chemical properties of water or by analyzing inhabiting biota. Since the problem of water pollution in India is very 1649

RESULTS The study carried out for two years included Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 following physicochemical parameters of the water

45.0°C. At Station-B, the range was 27.0°C to 42.2°C

samples collected at two stations.

during monsoon, 18.1 to 32.5°C during winter, and

The regional climate at the site of study is distinctly marked in to three seasons, namely Monsoon

25.7°C to 44.7°C during summer. Water Temperature (W.T.):

(June to September) winter (October to January) and

The Water temperature was almost similar at

summer (February to May). The physico-chemical

both the sampling stations. Although the water

parameters were studied on seasonal basis, since the

temperature recorded was consistently lower than the

climatic changes seem to influence the ecological

atmospheric temperature. The Water temperature ranged

factors,

between 19.2°C 31.1°C during 2007 - 2008. The

population

densities

and

physicochemical

parameters.

seasonal analysis has shown that at the station-A, the

Rainfall:

water temperature during monsoon ranged between

During the present study, the total rainfall

22.8°C to 29.3°C, during winter it ranged between

recorded during 2007 - 2008 was 571 mm. The annual

19.3°C to 23.1°C and during summer, it ranged between

range of rainfall was 00 mm to 132.9 mm during 2007 –

19.2°C to 31.0°C during year 2007 - 2008. At Station-B,

2008. The seasonal analysis showed that it was at highest

the range was 22.7°C to 29.3°C during monsoon, 19.4°C

during monsoon and lowest during the summer. The

to 23.2°C during winter and 19.3°C to 31.1°C during

range was 00 mm to 571 mm during 2007 - 2008. The

summer of year 2007 - 2008.

details for rainfall during the study period are given in

The Water temperature ranged between 18.1°C

table 1 and 2.

to 31.5°C during 2008- 2009. The seasonal analysis has

Atmospheric Temperature: (A.T.)

shown that at the station-A, the water temperature during

The atmospheric temperature was almost similar

monsoon ranged between 25.3°C to 31.7°C, during

at both the sampling stations, although a slight variation

winter it ranged between 18.2°C to 23.1°C and during

was seen since the stations were located at distance away

summer, it ranged between 23.7°C to 31.5°C during year

(about 2 Km) from each other. The atmospheric

2008-09. At Station-B, the range was 25.3°C to 31.6°C

temperature ranged between 17.20° to 45.7°C during

during monsoon, 18.3°C to 23.2°C during winter and

2007 - 2008. The seasonal analysis has shown that at the

23.1°C to 31.2°C during summer of year 2008-09.

station-A, the atmospheric temperature during monsoon

Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH):

ranged between 24.7°C to 31.05°C, during winter it

During the present study the annual range of pH

ranged between 17.2°C to 25.5°C and during summer, it

varied from 6.7 to 7.5 At station-A it was maximum

ranged between 22.3°C to 45.7°C. At Station-B, the

during monsoon (7.5) and minimum in summer (6.7)

range was 24.7°C to 31.4°C during monsoon, 17.2 to

during 2007–08. At station-B, similar results were

25.5°C during winter, and 22.2°C to 47.7°C during

recorded. The seasonal analysis showed that at station A

summer.

and B, the pH varied from 7.2 to 7.5 during monsoon,

The atmospheric temperature ranged between 18.1° to

45.0°C during 2008- 2009. The seasonal

analysis has shown that at the station-A, the atmospheric

6.9 to 7.1 during winter, and 6.8 - 6.9 during summer 2007 – 2008. The range was equally narrow in summer and winter (0.2) and wide in monsoon (0.3).

temperature during monsoon ranged between 27.0°C to

The annual range of pH varied from 6.8 to 7.6 At

42.2°C, during winter it ranged between 18.2°C to

both the stations. It was maximum during monsoon (7.6)

32.5°C and during summer, it ranged between 25.5°C to

and minimum in summer (6.8) during 2007–08. The

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

1650

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 seasonal analysis showed that at station A and B, the pH

calcium ranged were 32.09 to 35.15mg/l during

varied from 7.5 to 7.6 during monsoon, 7 to 7.3 during

monsoon, 26.23 to 31.33 mg/l during winter and 34.21 to

winter, and 6.8 - 6.9 during summer 2008-09

40.04 mg/l during summer. At Station-B,32.18 to 36.15

Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.)

mg/l during monsoon, 26.03 to 30.05 mg/l during winter

The annual range of dissolved oxygen varied at

and 34 to 40.32 mg/l during summer.

both the Stations varied from 6.7 mg/l to 13.7 mg/l

In year 2008-09 at Station-A the calcium range

during the year 2007-08. At Station-A, The season wise

were 33 to 36.1mg/l during monsoon, 27.06 to 33.21 mg/

analysis showed that the Dissolved Oxygen was 11.1 to

l during winter and 32.04 to 39.15 mg/l during summer.

13.7 mg/l in the monsoon, 6.8 to 10.4 mg/l in the winter,

And at Station-B, 33.04 to 36 mg/l during monsoon,

6.7 to 6.9 mg/l in the summer. While at Station-B, The

27.03 to 34.15 mg/l during winter and 31.05 to 40.33

season wise analysis showed that the Dissolved Oxygen

mg/l during summer.

was 11.1 to 13.7 mg/l in the monsoon, 6.7 to 10.5 mg/l

Magnesium:

in the winter, 6.7 to 6.9 mg/l in the summer.

During the present study, the annual range of

The annual range of dissolved oxygen varied at

Magnesium was 1.4 to 2.3 and 1.3 to 2.8 mg/l during

both the Stations varied from 7.1 mg/l to 13.8 mg/l

2007-08 and 2008 09 respectively. The seasonal analysis

during the year 2008-09. At Station-A, the Dissolved

showed that at Station-A the Magnesium ranged during

Oxygen was 11.8 to 13.8 mg/l in the monsoon, 8.9 to

2007-08 was, 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.5 to 2.3

10.6 mg/l in the winter and 7 to 8.2 mg/l in the summer.

mg/l during winter, and 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during summer.

While at Station-B, was 11.6 to 13.2 mg/l in the

At Station-B, 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.5 to 2.3

monsoon, 9 to 10.6 mg/l in the winter, 7 to 8.6 mg/l in

mg/l during winter, and 1.4 to 1.6 mg/l during summer.

the summer. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide:

The Magnesium ranged during 2008-09 at station -A was 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.9 to 2.8 mg/l

The free Carbon Dioxide varied from 4.2 mg/l to

during winter, and 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during summer and at

7.7 mg/l in the study period of the year 2007-08. At

station-B, 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.9 to 2.8 mg/

Station A, the season wise analysis showed that free

l during winter, and 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during summer.

Carbon Dioxide was recorded in monsoon from 4.2 to

Sulphates:

5.7 mg/l, 4.7 to 5.2 in winter and 6 to 7.7 mg/l in

During present study, the annual range of

summer. While at Station B, in monsoon 4.2 to 5.6 mg/l ,

Sulphates in the water samples collected at station-A and

4.6 to 5.2 in winter and 6 to 7.7 mg/l in summer.

station-B was 0.018 to 0.033 and 0.017 to 0.03 mg/l

The free Carbon Dioxide varied from 4.2 mg/l to

during 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively. The seasonal

8.7 mg/l in the study period of the year 2008-09. At

studies in 2007-08 showed that for Station-A, Sulphate

Station A, it is 4.2 to 6.1 mg/l in monsoon, 4.5 to 5.3 in

ranged between 0.02 to 0.033 mg/l in monsoon, 0.018 to

winter and 6.2 to 8.7 mg/l in summer. While at Station

0.02 mg/l in winter and 0.024 to 0.027 mg/l in summer.

B, in monsoon 4.2 to 6.1mg/l , 4.5 to 5.3 in winter and

For station-B, Sulphates ranged between 0.03 mg/l

6.1 to 8.2 mg/l in summer.

during monsoon, 0.02 to 0.025 mg/l for winter and 0.027

Calcium:

to 0.029 mg/l in summer.

During the present study, the annual range of

The seasonal studies in 2008-09 showed that for

calcium was 26.03 mg/l to 40.32 mg/l during 2007-08.

Station-A, Sulphate ranged between 0.018 to 0.033 mg/l

The seasonal analysis showed that at Station-A the

in monsoon, 0.017 to 0.027 mg/l in winter and 0.025 to

1651

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 0.029 mg/l in summer. For station-B, 0.019 to 0.03 mg/l

is linked with the quality of environment, hence

during monsoon, 0.017 to 0.027 mg/l for winter and

biological components of fresh water depend solely on

0.025 to 0.028 mg/l in summer.

better

Chlorides:

analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water is

The annual range of Chlorides in the water

physico-chemical

conditions,

and

therefore,

essential. .

samples collected at Station-A was 57.11 to 75.15 mg/l

pH is an important factor, which controls the

and 57.11 to 75.44 mg/l during 2007-08 and 2008-09

chemical changes, species composition and the metabolic

respectively. Seasonal studies of 2007-08 showed that

activities of living organisms inhabiting the water body

for station-A, Chlorides ranged between 58.04 to 75.15

The present result are similar and in agreement with

mg/l in monsoon, 58.07 to 67.43 mg/l in winter and

those obtained in the investigation of ( Hutchinson 1957,

70.07 to 74.55 mg/l in summer. For Station-B, Chlorides

Subba Rao and Govind 1964; and Avasti and Tiwari,

ranged between 65.4 to 75.06 mg/l during monsoon,

2004). The higher values of pH in summer may be due to

57.11 to 59.5 mg/l for winter and 63.33 to 71.17 mg/l in

the utilization of bicarbonates and carbonates buffer

summer.

systems/ According to Saran and Adoni (1984) during

In study period of 2008-09 studies showed that

photosynthesis free carbon dioxide and bicarbonates are

for station-A, Chlorides ranged between 65.4 to 65.06

utilized and there is release of carbonates which increase

mg/l in monsoon, 57.11 to 59.5 mg/l in winter and 63.33

the quantity of dissolved oxygen and pH. Pearsall

to 71.17 mg/l in summer. For Station-B, Chlorides

( 1930) and Zafar (1966) ; observed that pH of the water

ranged between 65.04 to 75.44 mg/l during monsoon,

appeared to be depended upon the relative quantity of

58.16 to 60.05 mg/l for winter and 63.22 to 71.09 mg/l in

calcium, carbonates and bicarbonates. The water is

summer.

tended to be more alkaline when it possesses larger quantities of these ions (Zafar, 1966): â&#x20AC;&#x153;The pH level was

DISCUSSION

not uniform during the study period, of 2007-08. In the

The present study on Rangavali Dam from

summer months, pH value was low while it was inclined

Nandurbar District, Maharashtra State, India, was carried

from spring to pre-monsoon towards alkaline pH.

out to find out their physico-chemical characteristics

According to Das (1961), the decrease in pH during

monthly variations of physico-chemical characteristic

summer is due to decrease in water level, which

such as rainfall, temperature and the other factors such as

increases the concentration of free carbon dioxide,

pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and some

released through by respiration of aquatic organisms,

salts play an important role in the biology of the

thus lower the pH.

organisms and in aquatic environment. A sound

Seasonal variations in Dissolved oxygen content

knowledge of the factors help in understanding the

revealed maximum value during monsoon and minimum

complex processes of interaction between the climate

during summer for both years. The above observations

and biological processes in water bodies. It is important

were agreed with the finding of Singh and Raj (1999)

to understand the water quality, fauna their dynamics and

and Md. Ilyas (2002). The lower values of DO in

functioning of these ecosystems as well as the impact of

summer were probably due to high temperature

increasing human activities on them for management of

evaporation and increased rate of decomposition of

fresh waters and keep them in healthy state to changing

organic matter in water. The other reasons may be

environment sustain the future region. The quality of life

attributed to the biological processes such as oxygen is

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

1652

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 moderately soluble in water and solubility decreases with

study was in agreement with that of calcium in

increase in temperature, increase in the various

freshwater bodies suggested by Kaul et.al.(1980).

pollutants. The solubility of oxygen in pure water at 0 C

Magnesium is required universally by chlorophylls

is 14.6 mg/1. Whereas water usually contains about 8.0

bearing plants as it is the Mg-porphyrin component of

mg/1 of DO at room temperature. Muragawel and

the chlorophyll molecule and bearing a co-factor for

Pandian (2002 ) reported the existence of positive co-

various intracellular enzymatic transformations (Wetzel,

relation between DO and water transparency, pH,

1975), Magnesium, calcium and bicarbonates together

phosphates and nitrates.

cause alkalinity and in association with carbonates,

The low value of the DCO2 occurred mainly due

sulphates chloride and magnesium cause hardness in

to higher rate of utilization of carbon dioxide in

water (Jain and Jain 1988). In the present study

photosynthesis while the higher carbon dioxide value

magnesium level was highest during winter and lowest

may be resulted due to higher decomposition of organic

during summer while Saran and Adoni(1984) reported

matter (Mishra and Saksena 1991; Dwivedi and Sonar

maximum magnesium hardness during both the summer

2004). Another reason for the fluctuations in the DCO2

and winter seasons.

level in the water may be, due to formation of carbonic +

Biological oxidation of reduced sulphur species

HCO3- ions

to sulphates also increases its concentration. Rainwater

which brings a change in the pH of water as hydrogen

has quite higher concentration of sulphate particularly in

acid in water which dissociates into H and -

ions are set free and HCO3 react with calcium to from

the areas with high atmospheric pollution. Discharge of

calcium carbonate insoluble in water. This phenomenon

agricultural runoff and domestic sewage in waters

explains that how concentration of carbon dioxide in

increase its concentration. Most of the salts of the

water limits pH and concentrations of

HCO3-, CO3-

, and

sulphates are soluble in water as such, it is not

CO2 (Ruttnerr, 1953).

precipitated. However, it may undergo transformation to

Calcium is essential for all organisms, being an

sulphur and hydrogen sulphide depending upon the redox

important cell wall constituent and regulates various

potential of the water, (Trivedy and Goel 1984). In the

physiological functions in animal too. The calcium

present study, sulphate level varied between 0.02 mg/1.

content was found to increase during the summer and

The lowest level was noticed in winter where as in

decrease during the winter. Calcium is considered to be

monsoon it was highest. The sulphates range was not so

more important because it is an integral part of

wide season Azwise as well month wise during the two

organismic tissues. It increases the availability of other

years of study. The low concentration of sulphate in

ions. High calcium content in the sediment of the water

winter appears due to presence of higher phytoplankton

bodies support the growth of mollusc. It is also required

population and domestic sewage. The present findings

as a nutrient for various metabolic processes, and assists

are, thus, in accordance with

in proper translocation of carbohydrates and facilitates

concentration of sulphate during monsoon might be due

other ions(Wetzel 1975). Calcium plays an important

to surface runoff which brings more suspended soils

role in various ways in the growth and population

along with organic and soluble salts ( Sneha, 1986; and

dynamics of freshwater and its fauna. It is considered as

Singh, 2000).

a basic inorganic element of algae and regarded as an

A quality parameter of significance is the chloride

essential nutrient for various metabolic processes

concentrations. Chloride concentration in natural water

(Ruttner, 1953). The calcium observed during the present

results from the leaching of chloride from rocks and soils

1653

Sneha (1986) . High

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 with which water come in contact. Agricultural,

revealed that the chloride in water bodies is within the

industrial and domestic waste waters discharged to

permissible level and is suitable for portability. In the

Table 1: Physico-chemical parameters and their Tests Sr. No.

Parameters

Tests

Rainfall

Data provided by collector office Dist. Nandurbar.

Atmospheric Temperature

Recorded by using Mercury Thermometer

Water Temperature

Recorded by using Mercury Thermometer dipping in surface water up to 10cm.

Measured on spot collecting water samples by using portable water analysis kit.

Dissolved Oxygen

Measured on the filled itself with the help of portable water analysis kit

Dissolved Carbon Dioxide

Measured on spot by using portable water analysis kit

Calcium

Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.)

Magnesium

Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.)

Sulphates

Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.)

Chlorides

Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.) with silver nitrate.

Figure 1: Seasonal Changes in the physico-chemical parameters of Rangawali dam during the year 2007-08 surface water are also source of chloride in the aquatic

present study lower values of chlorides were observed,

system. Chlorine in Free State, which is used as

22.2 mg/l to 44.7 mg/l. The above finding are in

disinfectant, may be converted into chlorides or

agreement with Ganpati (1960); Zafar(1964); Prakash

combined with organic matter to form toxic compounds

(1994); and Awasthi and Tiwari(2004).

(Adoni, 1985). Permissible limit of chloride level in portable water is 200 mg/l (WHO 1972) however, level

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

up to 1000mg/l is safe for human consumption (IS

Authors are grateful to Shri B. V. Patil, Principal, Rani

10500, 1983). Results of the present investigation

Laxmibai College, Parola, Dist-Jalgaon, for providing

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

1654

1655

July-07

Aug-07

Sep-07

Oct-07

Nov-07

Dec-07

Jan-08

Feb-08

Mar-08

Apr-08

May-08

158

337

674

293

A&B

Stations

June-07

Rain Fall mm

Months

S. No.

35.7

29.6

28.1

22.3

19.6

23.1

23.2

25.5

24.7

29.0

29.3

31.4

35.7

29.6

28.1

22.2

19.5

23.2

25.5

24.7

29.1

29.0

31.4

Atmos. tempÂ°C

31.0

28.1

25.1

19.2

19.3

20.5

20.3

23.1

22.8

27.1

27.5

29.3

31.1

28.2

25.4

19.3

19.4

21.5

20.3

23.2

22.7

27.6

27.5

29.3

Water tempÂ°C

6.7

6.8

7.0

6.9

7.1

7.2

7.5

6.7

6.9

6.8

7.1

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.5

6.70

6.90

6.80

10.2

10.4

10.2

11.1

12.4

13.7

12.1

6.8

6.9

6.7

10.2

10.5

10.3

11.1

12.4

13.7

12.3

Dissolved O2 mg/lit

6.8

7.7

6.0

6.1

5.2

4.9

4.7

4.2

5.7

6.7

7.7

6.0

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.7

4.2

5.6

Dissolved CO2 mg/lit

40.04

37.17

35.11

34.21

31.33

28.06

26.41

26.23

32.72

32.09

34.04

35.15

40.32

37.04

34.24

34.00

30.05

28.11

26.03

27.15

32.18

32.46

35.05

36.15

Calcium mg/lit

1.5

1.7

2.1

2.3

2.0

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

2.1

2.3

2.0

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.5

Magnesium mg/lit

Table:1: Physico-chemical Parameters of Rangawali Dam, Navapur, 2007-2008

0.027

0.024

0.025

0.020

0.018

0.020

0.019

0.020

0.030

0.027

0.029

0.025

0.020

0.030

Sulphates mg/lit

72.08

74.55

71.31

70.07

67.43

62.29

58.16

58.07

58.04

65.16

70.56

75.15

71.17

70.09

70.04

63.33

59.50

57.11

58.04

58.09

65.40

71.41

72.21

75.06

Chlorides mg/lit

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

Jul-08

Aug-08

Sep-08

Oct-08

Nov-08

Dec-08

Jan-09

Feb-09

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658

600

294

224

129

A&B

Stations

Jun-08

Rain Fall mm

Months

S. No.

35.0

30.1

27.8

25.5

20.3

20.2

23.0

25.1

27.0

30.6

30.3

32.2

34.0

30.1

27.8

25.7

20.5

20.1

23.2

25.0

27.0

30.6

30.4

32.2

Atmos. tempÂ°C

31.5

28.5

25.2

23.7

18.3

18.2

21.0

23.1

25.3

29.0

29.1

31.7

31.2

28.5

25.7

23.1

18.9

18.3

21.5

23.2

25.3

29.0

29.2

31.6

Water tempÂ°C

6.8

6.9

7.1

7.0

7.1

7.3

7.6

7.5

7.6

6.8

6.9

7.1

7.3

7.6

7.5

7.6

7.1

7.0

7.6

8.2

8.9

10.1

10.4

10.6

12.2

13.8

12.0

11.8

7.3

7.0

7.6

8.6

9.0

10.1

10.3

10.6

12.2

13.2

12.0

11.6

Dissolved O2 mg/lit

8.7

8.1

7.5

6.2

5.3

5.1

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.3

6.1

8.2

7.5

6.1

5.3

5.2

4.5

4.2

4.3

6.1

Dissolved CO2 mg/lit

39.03

39.15

37.07

32.04

27.06

27.13

28.04

33.21

33.00

34.09

35.42

36.10

40.33

40.04

37.16

31.05

27.03

27.11

29.40

34.15

33.04

33.13

35.05

36.00

Calcium mg/lit

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.8

2.1

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.7

1.9

2.8

2.7

2.1

1.7

1.4

1.3

Magnesium mg/lit

Table:2 Physico-chemical Parameters of Rangawali Dam, Navapur, 2008-2009

0.029

0.027

0.025

0.027

0.019

0.017

0.018

0.030

0.028

0.030

0.028

0.027

0.025

0.028

0.027

0.019

0.017

0.018

0.019

0.030

Sulphates mg/lit

71.17

70.09

70.04

63.33

59.50

57.11

58.04

58.09

65.40

71.41

72.21

75.06

71.09

70.07

70.43

63.22

60.05

57.00

58.40

58.16

65.04

69.03

72.15

75.44

Chlorides mg/lit

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015

1656

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 facilities and to Vice-principal Shri V. N. Koli for

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Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658