Community for an Aging Society: Volume 2 by jrjennings

A COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY: ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DESIGN

BY: JESSICA RAE JENNINGS 1

INTRODUCTION

The contemporary city is a place of increasing complexity. Within the context of a globalized world we find burgeoning growth in many cities that is pushing developers and architects to consider and design for areas of untapped potential. Cities of historical significance face particular challenges of blending the old with the new. The city of Valencia, Spain is one exception; where we see a contrast of historic urban fabric with the busiest shipping container port in the Mediterranean Sea. This presents a creative opportunity to analyze the dialogue

and constraints between the old and the new, and consider how resulting hybrid conditions can create program configurations that will add new value to the city and engender future potentials. The site for the studio will be a district on the eastern of Valencia, Spain, known as Poblats Maritims, anchored to the shipping port that has developed over hundreds of years. This design is a proposal for a new master plan for the Poblats Maritims

district, will individual site selections and programs that respond to major issues within the district, and the city of Valencia as a whole. Through the main phases of a full architectural process-Concept Design, Schematic Design, and Design Development, this book aims to present a solution, and the process taken to get to that solution, to one of the many problems identified within the Poblats Maritims district.

MEET THE STUDIO ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VII

KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND DESIGN PROFESSOR: JAY SIEBENMORGEN VISITING PROFESSOR: FRAN SILVESTRE

SARAH

CONTENT INTRODUCTION

MEET THE STUDIO

CONTENTS

URBAN VALENCIA RESEARCH

PROJECT STATEMENT

PROJECT RESEARCH

SITE SELECTION

PROGRAM PROPOSAL

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

FACADE DESIGN

103

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

117

INTERIOR DESIGN

121

DESIGN PROGRESSION

141

BIBLIOGRAPHY

149

CHAPTER ONE: URBAN VALENCIA RESEARCH

ZONING POBLATS MARITIMS (2015) Our site in the Poblats Maritims district has a wide variety of zoning. Much of the site falls under a general “tertiary” zoning category as this area is continually growing and expanding, but in-land we see that there is a vast amount of parks, green space, and open lots. There is a large amount of housing on the east under a protected historic zone. This area labelled “CHP - Zone 2” is more commonly known as the historic Barrio de El Cabanyal or “fisherman’s quarter,” a historic center to the Poblats Maritims. CHP - ZONE 2// HISTORIC PROTECTION ZONE GRAO - CABANAYAL ENS// ENSANCHE (EXPANSION)

EDA// EDIFICACION ABIERTA (OPEN BUILDING) POB// POBLATS - RESIDENTIAL UNITARIO (POBLATS - RESIDENTIAL UNITS) EDA - TER// EDIFICACION ABIERTA USO MIXTO (MIXED USE - OPEN BUILDING) TER// TER TERCIARIO** (TERTIARY - THIRD)** ITR// INFRASTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTE (TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE) PRD - PAT - PAD// DOTACIONES PUBLICAS (PUBLIC FACILITIES) PNL - PQL - PJL// PARQUES (PARKS) PID// INFRASTRUCTURAS (INFRASTRUCTURE)

ZONING DOMINANT USE Also included in our research was the identification of dominant use with-in the Poblats Maritims district. Not to be confused with district zoning, the predominant use helped us identify the uses on each plot. An expansive portion of the area studied is allocated for the port authority of Valencia and the transport that happens here. Another crucial portion of the area studied is the Historic Barrio de El Cabanyal. The area has been listed by the World Monuments Fund in the “2012 World Heritage List in Danger“ as “in danger of extinction.” Rapid progress and development threatened the existence of the historic district until recently. New initiatives are being put in place to promote reconstruction and sustainability within El Cabanyal and Poblats Maritims.

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

PUBLIC GREEN LOT

PRIVATE GREEN LOT

PORT STRUCTURES/ PORT COMMERCIAL PORT TRANSPORT

INSTITUTIONAL

INFRASTRUCTURE/ SERVICE FACILITIES

ZONING GLOSSARY CHP (Protected Historic Set of the Cabnayal Expansion)

EDA (Edificaion Abierta -

EDA/ TER (Edificaion Abierta

The Protected Historical Set Zone consists of the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. It covers those areas that have served as a source for the formation of urban centers (Ciutat Vella, Poblats Marítims, ...) I.e.: CHP-1: Ciutat Vella CHP-2: Grao-Cabanyal CHP-3:Poblats and Pobles del Nord, the South and the West - Dominant use of the CHP zone is multi-family residential. - The minimum area of building plots shall be 60 square meters. - Front building height is to be no more than 16 meters in height.

The Open Building Zone is constituted by the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. The global or dominant use of this area is the Multi-Family Residential. This Zone prohibits Tco. 2 and 3, Camps (Tho.2), Recreational facilities for more than 1500 people (Tre.4)**, Industrial and Warehouses (Ind. 2 and 3, and Alm. 2 and 3), Appropriations, and Car Parks. - The minimum plot area will be 200 m2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 12 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 2.90m(Np)

The Tertiary Zone (Ter. 4) is constituted by the set of areas expressly written with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification, and, if applicable, in Plan C. The global or dominant use of this area is Tertiary. - The minimum plot area will be 200 m2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 10 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 4m(Np) (Np limited to 2 floors) - Coefficient of Occupancy: 30% of plot size

ENS (Ensanche - Expansion)

TER (Terciario - Tertiary)

Setbacks

The Area of Ensanche is constituted by the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. The global or dominant use of this Zone is Multi-Family Residential. This zone prohibits Tco.2, Ind. 2 and 3, Alm. 1, 2 and 3, Appropriations, and Car Parks. - The minimum area of building plot will be 100 square meters. - The shape of the plot shall be such that an 8 x 10 rectangle meters whose smaller side coincides with the outer alignment, and its lateral borders do not form an angle of less than 80 sexagesimal degrees with the outer alignment. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 4.8m + 2.9m(Np)

The Tertiary Zone is constituted by the set of areas expressly written with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification, and, if applicable, in Plan C. The dominant use of this area is Tertiary. - The minimum plot area will be 200 m2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 10 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 4m(Np) - Coefficient of Occupancy: 50% of plot size

In land use, a setback is the distance which a building or other structure is set back from a street or road, a river or other stream, a shore or flood plain, or any other place which is deemed to need protection.

** If building between two protected buildings, maximum heights is defined by the lower of the two buildings.

Open Building)

** Variances between Tertiary Uses. Reference pages 114-120 of the Normas Urbanisticas for more information on different Tertiary zones.

Uso Mixto - Open, Mixed Use Building)

** Variances between Tertiary Uses. Reference pages 114-120 of the Normas Urbanisticas for more information on different Tertiary zones.

Building Height Building height is defined by the cornice of the structure when applicable or in the instance there is not a cornice, the eave of the roof is the maximum height. Maximum height can be calculated with this formula: Hc = “X”-meters + “X”meters(Np) Hc = Cornice Height Np = Number of Floors

PRD/ PAT/ PAD (Privado

PNL/ PQL (Parques/ Jardines Urbanos - Parks/ Urban Gardens)

PID (Infrastructuras - Infrastructure)

Sports Facilities(Dep), Care Facilities (Dsa), and Administrative Institutions (Dad) are classified under Title Seven, Chapter One, Article 7.8 Supplementary Use (D).

Preservation: Article 3.81. - Catalog of Gardens and Trees. The General Plan contains a Catalog of Protection of Gardens and Trees, whose purpose is to preserve the historical heritage of the city and the aesthetic values of the present design in certain landscaped areas. Article 3.82 1. - A list of protected treeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s can be found on page 44 of the Normas Urbanisticas. 3. - Gardens who express special artistic value with vegetation and architectural elements must maintain their typological or environmental conditions.

Establishes the indicative layout of the network of sanitation infrastructures and supplies. The Plan or Special Plans formulated for these areas may, in addition to cover the stated purposes, qualify soil for public uses, regulate and, where appropriate, protect agricultural land use and provide for infrastructure and services necessary for the population. Infrastructure protection zone is divided into: - PI-1 Protection and reservation of the road network. - PI-2 Protection and reservation of the railway network. - PI-3 Protection of livestock roads. - PI-4 Protection of the water supply network. - PI-5 Protection of processing centers and power lines. - PI-6 Protection of pipelines and pipelines. - PI-7 Protection of the constituent areas of the hydraulic public domain. PI-8 Protection of the coastal

Dotaciones - Private Endowments)

Use of Community Equipment : - Sport Use (Dep) : includes activities intended for the practice,teaching or sport exhibition. - Sanitary Use (Dsa) : includes activities aimed at providing assistance and provision of medical or surgical services, other than those provided in offices. - Administrative Use (Dad) : includes the activities of the service officials of the public administrations, as well as those of their organizations. The activities carried out are excluded, in the municipality buildings. ** The institutions provided in this section are noted as private facilities which may classify under their own rules.

Special Conditions: Chapter 11, Article 6.76 - In free spaces of more than 1,000 m2 the installation of service spaces, with a maximum constructed service lot of 20 m2 per unit, will be permitted. In addition, Open air sports facilities will be allowed up to 70% of a lot of 10,000 m2 or greater. 200 m2 will be permitted for enclosed service space.

The city of Valencia is divided into a northern and southern area. The city center is located on the head of the river. most urban development has extended along with the river. and reachs the harbor area. The density of the comminity extended from the central of the city to the river and sea. The density of population is large and blocks of apartments are everywhere. They inter

MASS AND VOID GROWING COMMUNITY The city of Valencia is divided into a northern and southern area. The city center is located centrally along the river. Most urban development has extended along with the river. and reaches the harbor area. The density of the community extended from the central of the city to the river and sea. The density of population congregates in large blocks of apartment buildings spread throughout the city.

PROGRAM USE PROGRAM MIX BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOODS

PARKS

As we can see, the zoning breakdonw of the city gives good insight and better understanding about the city. The centralized core of the city is populated with rensidential and commercial mix used programs. The intertwined with each other.

HISTORICAL

The city has two metropolitian parks that loacted on the dried-up river bed. Along with those areas are accessible shopping center and residential & commercial mix used programs.

INDUSTRIAL

RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL

LOCAL EDUCATION BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE RECREATIONAL

VALENCIA GREEN SPACE MOVING THE TURIA

A SPACE FOR THE CITY

After the Great Flood of Valencia in 1957, the city set out to split the Turia river that cuts through the heart of the city to prevent future flooding. To do this, a canal was dug to the south of the city to take the bulk of floodwaters to the Balearic Sea. Since the canals construction, the city has adverted many potentially disatrous floods.

Once the Turia was diverted the city was left with a long band of empty space within the city. Rather than selling the land to developers, Valencia chose to utilize the riverbed as a public space. Today the Parc de Cabecera hosts a variety activities including baseball, soccer, and cycling races.

PARC DE CABECERA SECONDARY GREEN SPACE RIO GUADALAVIAR PUBLIC BEACHES POBLATS MARITIMS

BALEARIC SEA

POBLATS MARITIMS GREEN SPACE PLAYA DEL CABANYAL

A GREEN BUFFER

The beaches to the north of Valencia’s harbor are one of the last surviving public beaches of the city. As the harbor has expanded, much of the original coastline has disappeared. This gives our site in Poblats Maritims a great deal of social value as it’s the established place to interact with the water.

Between the recreational marina and the industrial harbor, the city of Valencia has built a buffer of green spaces that help to soften the interaction between the two. This strategy allows for visitors of Poblats Maritims to see the industrial area without feeling as if they are occupying them.

GREEN SPACE SECONDARY GREEN SPACE BUILDING MASSES POBLATS MARITIMS

BALEARIC SEA

POBLATS MARITIMS BUILDING HEIGHTS HISTORICAL OUTLIERS

9 FLOORS

When comparing building heights within the area surrounding Poblats Maritims, one will find alot of variation block to block. However, there are a few patterns that stick out. The buildings near the historical center of the Cabanyal are much lower than the majority of surrounding buildings, and coincidentally the area under threat of destruction from the city. In an effort to protect the area, reidents and advocates have enlisted the help of the World Monuments Fund who recognized the area as historically significant.

1 FLOOR POBLATS MARITIMS

BALEARIC SEA

NAUTICAL TRAFFIC OF THE BALEARIC SEA LEISURE PATTERNS

SHIPPING PATTERNS

The harbors of Valencia are a vital resource for the Balearic Sea as well the islands of Ibiza, Mallorca, and Menorca. These islands host over 12 million visitors each year; many of whom depart the mainland Spain from Valencia. This relationship between the city and the Balearic Islands makes leisure oriented docks and sailing clubs very important. Poblats Maritims is well positioned to fufill this role.

Valencia is home to the 5th most active industrial port in Europe, and processes over 4.4 million containers of goods each year. Ships from as far as Italy, Turkey, and Russia find the city’s port to be their final stop as it is the westernmost point in the Mediterranean Sea. This vital resource has shaped the history of the city since its founding. Zadinsky, Peter. “Mobility and Transport.” Mobility and Transport, European Commission, 19 Jan. 2016, ec.europa.eu/transpor t/modes/ maritime/ports/ports_en.

BARCELONA TARRAGONA

MALLORCA

IBIZA VALENCIA

BALEARIC SEA

POPULATION DENSITY 790,201 (2016)

In 2014, Valencia’s population was aproximately 786,400, which is 1.7% of Spain’s total population. Between 2011-2014 there was a decrease in population of -.24% per year. If this trend continues by 2017, Valencia’s population will be closer to 780,834. 0 - 500 500 - 2,000 2,000 - 10,000 10,000 - 30,000 30,000 - 330,500 PEOPLE PER SQUARE KILOMETER

BALEARIC SEA

AVERAGE INCOME COST OF LIVING

MAXIMUM PER MONTH: 12,000 €

To live in Valencia, a four-person family per month costs: 1,938.81 €, not including rent.

AVERAGE PER MONTH: 2,990 € MEDIAN PER MONTH: 2,330 €

For a single person, monthly costs: 546.64 €, not including rent.

MINIMUM PER MONTH: 810 €

0 - 6,900 6,900 - 11,400 11,400 - 20,500 20,500 - 29,500 29,500 - 57,000 HOUSEHOLE INCOME PER YEAR (€)

BALEARIC SEA

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - POBLATS MARITIMS 1 AMERICA CUP BUILDING • Locally known as “Veles e Vents” named after a poem by Ausias March in the 15th century, regarding the strength of the winds. 2 MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS • Part of the Port of Valencia, this northern marina is ideal for boats and mega yachts. • Proximity to activities and world wide compitetions make this marina area very popular.

AMERICA CUP BUILDING

3 HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS • A luxury beachfront hotel with classical columns has a lobby bar, a refined brewery, two outdoor pools, a fitness room and a spa. 4 PLAYA DEL CABANYAL • The beach attracts a large number of people both in the summer and during the rest of the year. 5 BEACH PROMENADE • A leisure walkway along Playa del Cabanyal towards the north it becomes more of the beach itself into Playa del Malvarossa.

BOAT FOUNTAIN

MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS

6 BOAT FOUNTAIN • Located near Playa del Malvarossa, this sculpture uses water to mimic the form of a traditional sailboat. 7 HISTORIC HOUSING • A protected historical residential community, that previously was made as a fisherman’s village, now supports many families that identify as Gypsies.

HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS

HISTORIC HOUSING

PLAYA DEL CABANYAL

EL CLOT “THE HOLE”

BEACH PROMENADE

PANORAMA RESTAURANTE

8 EL CLOT “THE HOLE” • The extension of Ave. de Blasco Ibanez would destroy nearly 500 homes. An important building to recognize in this condition is El Clot (the hole). 9 PANORAMA RESTAURANT • Located on the north breakwater of Juan Carlos this restaurant has panoramic views of Playa del Cabanyal.

BALEARIC SEA

ALGIROS

EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA

6 7

8 5

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE

3 CAMINS AL GRAU 9 1

QUATRE CARRERES

CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT STATEMENT

“Every industry is going to be affected (by the aging population). This creates tremendous opportunities and tremendous challenges.”

-Pat Conroy

The world’s elderly population is growing at an unprecedented rate. When the global population reached 7 billion people in 2012, 562 million (8.0 percent) were of age 65 or older. By 2015, just 3 years later, the elderly population increased by 55 million people, expanding the percentage of elderly people to 8.5 percent of the world’s total population. With the post-World War II baby boomers in the United States and Europe reaching retirement age in recent years and with the accelerated growth of older populations in both Asia and Latin America, the next 10 years will see an increase of about 236 million people ages 65 and older throughout the world. Then compare that to this fact: from 2025 to 2050, the elderly population is projected to almost double to 1.6 billion globally, while the total world population will only grow by 34 percent over that same period. These increased numbers are due to increasing life spans and low birth rates, which accelerates the rate at which the share of the elderly population is rising. As a result, the population is getting older. Individuals are reaching ages that were once unimaginable, and that creates challenges for all industries. With the world’s elderly population growing at an alarming rate, all countries will be affected by this massive change, particularly Spain. Just within the last 30 years, the number of people ages 65 and older has doubled. This is due in part to longer life spans, as well as a lower birth rate, with people averaging barely 1.2 children per woman, whereas in 1975 the average was 3 children. The current data for Spain shows that the population of ages 65 and older stands around 17 percent, which is equal to over 7 million people, with around 25 percent of that over the age of 80. The Spanish National Statistics Office (INE) predicts that the 65 and older generations will make up more than 30 percent of the total population of Spain by 2050 (that is almost 13 million people) and the number of elderly over the age of 80 will exceed 4 million. This results in more than 30 percent of Spain’s total population being 65 years of age or older. It is even predicted that the percentage of older people in the Spanish population will grow faster than the European average. Valencia has a total population of around 799,188 people. Of that, 148,325 of those people are ages 65 and older. The Poblats Maritims district of Valencia has the

highest percentage of elderly people, ranging from 35.3 percent all the way up to 78 percent (those numbers are so broad to the location of retirement homes and hospitals that treat the elderly). With these numbers, a question must be asked: what type of housing/retirement communities are offered to the elderly population within the Poblats Maritims? There are two retirement homes within the district (one of which doubles as a medical center, which might not offer a lot of housing options for seniors) but that is not nearly enough to support the high percentage of elderly population and does not address seniors that do not need assisted living and would prefer to live on their own after retirement. The creation of an affordable senior living housing complex with be a direct response to this clear need within the Poblats Maritims neighborhood. It will be designed as an architecture adapting to the needs of elderly and engage the natural process of aging, providing a safe, enriching environment for a new type of community. With the progressive population aging, the growth of the elderly population is inevitable. Life expectancy is increasing with advancements in the medical field, and it is necessary to consider the changes this fact carries. Architecture, as well as other professions, must meet this challenge efficiently. To adapt architecture to the needs of the elderly, it is necessary to understand the processes of aging in a physical, social and psychological matter, as well as the behavior of the elderly and their perception of the environment in society. The new building will create a structure and environment to combat and prevent the negative consequences of aging. This project aims to create sense of community within the elderly population, as well as the younger population within the Poblats Maritims district. It also aims to create an aging in place environment that allows seniors to live out their days in this residence if they so wished. This mission is to maintain and improve the quality of life for the elderly population and focus on helping seniors ensure they can live where they choose and get any help they need for as long as they can. Aging brings changes to us all. It is important to consider and plan for the changes that will happen and what impacts these changes will have. Some changes that might be experienced are: reduced vision, decreased muscle strength or endurance, reduced metal processing capabilities, increased risk of falls due to balance, increased risk of illness, reduced hearing, and decreased mobility. The goal 24

is to design an environment that can combat mostly, if not all, of these issues presented to a population that is gradually aging. The design also tries to foster interaction begin different generations and the natural environment, creating a cohesive community directed toward everyone in the district, not just to the seniors living there. The site location is distinctive due to its massive size. With itsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; extremely large size, the site allows for future growth of senior housing, as well as planning for a self-sustaining senior living community. The site is completely barren with no buildings or greenery, allowing for a clean slate when designing this community for an aging society. Spanning over multiple city blocks and located just north of the harbor, this site, if designed properly, also can begin to bridge the gap between the older, more historic district to the west and the modern, tourist area to the east. The site location and design also aims to bring together two completely different groups of people: the younger generation and the ever-growing elderly population.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Youngsters lack wisdom; elders lack energy. When wisdom and energy come together, great things are destined to happen!â&#x20AC;?

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH

HISTORY OF VALENCIA The Poblats Maritims district has gone through years of beneficial development and expansion. In recent times however, the district has faced various issues that have had a negative impact on the population that resides there.

The district started as a fisherman settlement that grew in size with the initial construciton of the port in 1438. As the port expanded, so to did the district. The district eventually came to incorporate the El Cabanyal, Canyamelar, El Grau, and Natzaret.

In 1957 the Rio Turia flooded, wreaking devestation upon the populaiton of the Poblats Maritims district in particular. As teh cities population exploded in the 1960’s and 1970’s the populaiton of Poblats Maritims decreased by 8% with some neighborhoods seeing a decrease of 33%.

With this research, there is a clear need for some type of facility for the large aging community within the Polblats Maritims district.

There have been attempts to redevelop the area though these plans are contested as they would call for the displacement of a large refugee and immigrant population and would destroy a historic district of Valencia.

NEW ROUTE OF RIO TURIA DEVELOPED GREEN BELT

77.35 74.59 LIFE EXPECTANCY (MALE) 83.79 82.71 LIFE EXPECTANCY (FEMALE) 1 3.11 % ILLITERACY RATE 9.31 13.22 % POPULATION WITH <9TH GRADE EDUCATION 47.29 44.23 % ECONOMIC ACTIVITY RATE 7.81 9.14 % UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY

“THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE SOCIETY FACES IS PROVIDING GOOD, SAFE AND EXCELLENT CARE TO OUR AGING POPULATION. VERY SOON WE WILL ALL FACE IT.” - UNKNOWN

“EVERY INDUSTRY IS GOING TO BE AFFECTED (BY THE AGING POPULATION). THIS CREATES TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES AND TREMENDOUS CHALLENGES.” - PAT CONROY

“THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER’S ARE STILL PEOPLE AND THEY STILL HAVE STORIES AND THEY STILL HAVE CHARACTER AND THEY ARE ALL INDIVIDUALS AND THEY ARE ALL UNIQUE. AND THEY JUST NEED TO BE INTERACTED WITH ON A HUMAN LEVEL.” - CAREY MULLIGAN

AGING POPULATION - GLOBAL SCALE

PRESENT DAY

2035 - THIRTEEN YEARS

The world’s elderly population is growing at an unprecedented rate. Present day, the percentage of elderly population is 8.5% of the world’s total population.

From 2025 to 2050, the elderly population is projected to almost double to 1.6 billion globally.

MALE

100+

0.0 %

95 - 99

0.0 %

90 - 94

0.1 %

85 - 89

0.2 %

80 - 84

0.4 %

75 - 79

0.0 %

100+

0.0 %

95 - 99

0.1 %

70 - 74

75 - 79

2.1 %

35 - 39

3.1 %

3.3 %

3.2 %

45 - 49 40 - 44

3.3 %

35 - 39 30 - 34

3.7 %

3.8 %

25 - 29

55 - 59 50 - 54

2.8 %

3.4 %

30 - 34

60 - 64

2.4 %

2.8 %

40 - 44

65 - 69

1.6 %

2.3 %

50 - 54

70 - 74

1.1 %

2.0 %

55 - 59

80 - 84

0.9 %

1.4 %

60 - 64

85 - 89

0.6 %

1.0 %

65 - 69

25 - 29

4.2 %

4.0 %

20 - 24

4.2 %

3.9 %

20 - 24

15 - 19

4.1 %

3.8 %

15 - 19

10 - 14

4.3 %

5-9

4.5 %

0-4

4.0 %

10 - 14

4.2 %

5-9

4.4 %

4.7 % 10 %

FEMALE

90 - 94

0.3 %

0.7 %

45 - 49

MALE

FEMALE

0-4

2016 - PRESENT DAY

2035 - THIRTEEN YEARS

AGE DEMOGRAPHICS - SPAIN PRESENT DAY

FUTURE POPULATION

Currently, the data for Spain shows that the population of ages 65 and older stands around 17 percent, which is over 7 million people.

By 2050, the 65 and older generations will make up more than 30 percent of the total population of Spain, which is almost 13 million people.

MALE

FEMALE

2017 - PRESENT DAY

100+ 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4 3

2.4

1.8

1.2

0.6

POPULATION (IN MILLION)

1.8

2.4

1.8

1.2

0.6

POPULATION (IN MILLION)

2032 - FIFTEEN YEARS

MALE

FEMALE

100+ 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4

100+ 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4 3

2.4

POPULATION (IN MILLION)

2022 - FIVE YEARS

MALE

1.2

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

POPULATION (IN MILLION) 31

2.4

1.8

1.2

0.6

POPULATION (IN MILLION)

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

POPULATION (IN MILLION)

AGING POPULATION - VALENCIA, SPAIN With a growing 65 and older population, a vast array of senior housing options are now available.

ments, or senior housing.

Senior Village Communities

Assisted living facilities, also referred to as residential care, adult care homes, and alternative care facilities, are elder care homes for seniors who need daily help completing their activities of daily living. This facility has a full-time, on-site staff.

The senior village community is a type of housing arrangement that allows seniors to live among other active people their own age, thereby providing them with a sense of community and camaraderie. Independent Living Communities Independent living communities are designed for seniors who need a minimal amount of assistance with activities of daily living (ADL). These are specifically for seniors and may be called retirement communities, retirement homes, senior apart-

Assisted Living Facilities

POPULATION OVER 65 35.3 % - 78 % 25.6 % - 35.3 % 15.8 % - 25.6 % 6.1 % - 15.8 %

Nursing Homes These provide the highest level of care for residents. Nursing homes help seniors complete there ADLs, but the main function is to provide a high level of medical care.

0 - 6.1 %

RETIREMENT HOME LOCATIONS

With the district having such a large population over the age of 65, the next problem identified is the number and location of retirement homes in the area. Upon further research, not only are there not many retirement homes located with the Poblats Maritims district, but there also is no place for seniors to live who do not need assisted living.

RETIREMENT HOMES RETIREMENT HOMES/MEDICAL CENTERS

ALZHEIMER’S DEMOGRAPHICS - SPAIN Alzheimer Europe estimates the number of people with Alzheimer’s in Spain in 2012 as being 818,347. This represents 1.75% of the total population of 46,771,596. The number of people with Alzheimer’s as a percentage of the population is somewhat higher than the EU average of 1.55%.

WOMEN

MEN

TOTAL NUMBERS

LAST UPDATED: FEBRUARY 2014

95 + 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 30 - 59 0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

TOTAL 95 + 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 30 - 59 0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE STAGE 1 • • •

Marked by minor memory loss as well as difficulty learning and remembering new information Long-term memory and some reasoning remain intact Patients may be aware of their decline and hide it well

bowl. Routines are easy, but anything new is more difficult.

In stage one, mild alzheimer’s, can be compared to that of a functional alcoholic’s day, as far as cognition goes. Patients are able to do what they need to do, but little things get missed: such as a T-shirt on backwards; not finding the sugar

MILD

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE STAGE 2 •

• •

Patient experiences withdrawal, confusion, increasing difficulty in self-care and daily tasks, poor judgment, and difficulty communicating Behavioral changes often include anger, anxiety, frustration, and restlessness Caregiver assistance becomes increasingly necessary

is easier for them to experience. Breakfast, lunch, dinner-that is how their day is scheduled. Things out of the ordinary can throw them and patients prefer to stick to what they know: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and maybe sitting in the sun, watching the world go by.

During moderate Alzheimer’s, each day is more moment to moment, and routine is a patients’ friend. Anything that is routine

MODERATE

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE STAGE 3 • • •

Patients are completely incapacitated, retreat into themselves, and will not eat unless fed Loss of bodily function control (i.e. swallowing, bladder, bowel) Violent episodes and aggression are common

Severe Alzheimer’s is more difficult to spot as far as an actual line of distinction, but one sign is sleeping more often. Even during formerly pleasurable activities, the damage to a patient’s brain is so profound that the stimulation is not enough to keep

them awake. Speech is limited. Patients may have a full thought in their heads, but only one or two words come out. Eyesight is also odd; patients do not know what it is they are seeing. In severe Alzheimer’s, everything is moment to moment. Routine means nothing anymore, because there is no past or future, only now.

SEVERE

PROGRAMING MOTIF Mission: To maintain and/or improve their quality of life.

The goal is to provide seniors with Alzheimer’s disease an environment that promotes them to be in touch with nature, the sun, but also enhancing the close relation between inhabitants of the building and the neighborhood.

ALZHEIMER’S

The goal is to design an environment that can combat mostly, if not all, of these issues presented to seniors with Alzheimer’s and help slow the progression of the disease.

SAFETY

ADA ACCESSIBLE

RELATIONSHIPS

RESIDENTS OF THE BUILDING

SECURE BUILDING

OUTSIDE COMMUNITY

BUILDING

HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

NATURE

SUNLIGHT

ACCESS TO OUTDOORS

VIEWS

NATURAL VENTILATION

NATURAL LIGHT

CHAPTER FOUR: SITE SELECTION

SITE LOCATION

With a growing 65 and older population, a vast array of senior housing is needed to accommodate all different stages of aging. Therefore, the site chosen is very large in scale to accommodate this large community. This site also offers many different public and private transit amenities, as well as access to green space, and is just a block from the beach.

SITE LOCATION

FERRY ROUTE WALKING RADIUS BIKE PATH MAJOR ROADWAY BLASCO IBANEZ EXPANSION PUBLIC PARKING UNDERGROUND PUBLIC PARKING BIKE SHARING POINT FERRY / CRUSE TERMINAL PRIVATE TRANSIT - POBLATS MARITIMS 46

GREEN SPACE - POBLATS MARITIMS

FERRY ROUTE WALKING RADIUS TRAM LINE BUS LINE TRAIN LINE METRO LINE MARITM - SERRERIA METRO TRAM STOP BUS STOP VALENCIA CABANYAL TRAIN STATION PUBLIC TRANSIT - POBLATS MARITIMS 47

SITE LOCATION

This site location is distinctive due to its massive size. Spanning over multiple blocks, this site seems to bridge the older, more historic district to the west and the modern, tourist area to the east. It also offers small views through street corridors to the beach just to the east. The site is also completely barren with no buildings or greenery, only street trees from nearby streets offer any shading. A fence surrounds a majority of the site, closing off this area from the rest of the district.

SITE LOCATION

CHAPTER FIVE: PROGRAM PROPOSAL

CURRENT ZONING This map shows the current zoning regulations of the Poblats Maritims District.

Public Work Facilities

Public Green Space

Commercial

Residential

Port

Port Commercial

Government Maintained Green Space

HISTORIC DISTRICT SITE LOCATION

FUTURE ZONING Shown below is the future proposed zoning for the Poblats Maritims Distrcit. Minor changes have been made from the original map. These changes come in the form of restoration of the historic district, as well as more land allotted to mixed use buildings to create a more dynamic area as the district continues to grow. These changes also a lot for the new Community for an Aging Societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s master plan.

Historic Restoration

Residential

Public Green Space

Neighborhood Mixed Use

SPACE PROGRAM This program is split into three different types of design: the Senior Living Facilities, the public spaces, and outdoor spaces. Each of these have been broken down to better understand what this community needs, with a specific focus on the senior living facilities.

The most important part of this design is the Senior Living Facilities. This program is geared toward the aging society and since there are different stages of aging, there are four different buildings geared towards those different stages of aging: a dementia building, an Alzheimer’s building, an assisted living complex, and a senior living complex that requires no assistance.

The public spaces are those that every growing and thriving community needs: restaurants, retail spaces, a market, a medical facility, and public outdoor spaces.

SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES ALZHEIMER’S BUILDING - 20 RESIDENTS - 1-BED PER ROOM (20 ROOMS)

6,600 SQ. FT.

- PUBLIC DINING HALL

480 SQ. FT.

- KITCHEN, STORAGE AND PREP SPACE

841 SQ. FT.

- LIVING ROOM

1,464 SQ. FT.

- SALON ROOM

1,833 SQ. FT.

- ACTIVITY ROOM

1,160 SQ. FT.

- MEDICAL SPACES

1,800 SQ. FT.

- X-RAY ROOM (2)

250 SQ. FT. EACH

- MEDICATION ROOM (2)

100 SQ. FT. EACH

- EXAM ROOM (4)

120 SQ. FT. EACH

- REST ROOM (2)

60 SQ. FT. EACH

- NURSING STATION (2)

250 SQ. FT. EACH

- ADMINISTRATION SPACES

540 SQ. FT.

- CONFERENCE ROOM

240 SQ. FT.

- ACTIVITIES OFFICE

120 SQ. FT.

- NURSE’S OFFICE

120 SQ. FT.

- STAFF BATHROOM

60 SQ. FT.

- LOBBY

630 SQ. FT.

- MAINTENANCE

800 SQ. FT.

- SECURITY

200 SQ. FT.

-GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

17,740 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

3,548 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

21,300 SQ. FT.

SPACE PROGRAM

ASSISTED LIVING COMPLEX - 30 RESIDENTS - 1-BEDROOM APARTMENTS

900 SQ. FT. PER APARTMENT

- PUBLIC DINING HALL

230 SQ. FT.

- KITCHEN, STORAGE AND PREP SPACE

200 SQ. FT.

- ACTIVITY/LIVING ROOM

900 SQ. FT.

- ADMINISTRATION

530 SQ. FT.

- COURTYARD

2,500 SQ. FT.

- MAINTENANCE

800 SQ. FT.

- SECURITY

200 SQ. FT.

- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

32,360 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

6,472 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

39,000 SQ. FT.

DEMENTIA BUILDING - 40 RESIDENTS - 1-BED PER ROOM (40 BEDROOMS)

5,760 SQ. FT.

- PUBLIC DINING HALL

480 SQ. FT.

- KITCHEN, STORAGE AND PREP SPACE

200 SQ. FT.

- ACTIVITY/LIVING ROOM

480 SQ. FT.

- FITNESS ROOM

1,000 SQ. FT.

- MEDICAL CONSULTANTS

650 SQ. FT.

- ADMINISTRATION

530 SQ. FT.

- COURTYARD

2,500 SQ. FT.

- MAINTENANCE

800 SQ. FT.

- SECURITY

200 SQ. FT.

- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

12,600 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

2,520 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

16,000 SQ. FT.

SENIOR LIVING COMPLEX - 40 RESIDENTS - 2-BEDROOM APARTMENTS

900 SQ. FT. PER APARTMENT

- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

36,000 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

7,200 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

43,200 SQ. FT. 57

SPACE PROGRAM

PUBLIC SPACES

RESTAURANTS - SEATING

600 SQ. FT.

- WAITING ROOM

400 SQ. FT.

- KITCHEN

900 SQ. FT.

- STORAGE/BACK OF HOUSE

250 SQ. FT.

- BATHROOMS

250 SQ. FT.

- MECHANICAL

400 SQ. FT.

- ADMINISTRATION

300 SQ. FT.

- LOADING/UNLOADING

300 SQ. FT.

- OUTDOOR SEATING

600 SQ. FT.

- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

4,000 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

1,000 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

5,000 SQ. FT.

SHOPS/RETAIL - BACK OF HOUSE

300 SQ. FT.

- DRESSING ROOMS

100 SQ. FT.

- SHOWCASE ROOM

900 SQ. FT.

- LOADING/UNLOADING

300 SQ. FT.

- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

1,600 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

400 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

2,000 SQ. FT.

HEALTH CLINIC - WAITING ROOM/RECEPTION

500 SQ. FT.

- OFFICES

150 SQ. FT. PER OFFICE (6 OFFICES)

- EXAMINATION ROOMS

500 SQ. FT. PER ROOM (7 ROOMS)

- STORAGE

500 SQ. FT.

- X-RAY ROOMS

1,000 SQ. FT. PER ROOM (2 ROOMS)

-MECHANICAL

600 SQ. FT.

- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

8,000 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

2,000 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

10,000 SQ. FT. 58

SPACE PROGRAM

PUBLIC SPACES

MARKET - BACK OF HOUSE

500 SQ. FT.

- LOADING DOCK

100 SQ. FT.

- RETAIL SPACE

2,700 SQ. FT.

- MECHANICAL

500 SQ. FT.

- ADMINISTRATION

200 SQ. FT.

- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)

4,000 SQ. FT.

- CIRCULATION 20%

1,000 SQ. FT.

TOTAL:

5,000 SQ. FT.

OUTDOOR SPACES PUBLIC GREEN SPACES/PARKS PRIVATE GARDENS COMMUNITY SPACE/TOWN SQUARE

SPACE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

OUTDOOR COURTYARDS

SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES

MEDICAL SPACES

ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S BUILDING

MAINTENANCE COURTYARD SPACES: 2,500 SQ. FT. OUTDOOR SPACES WILL BE PROVIDED TO THE RESIDENTS AS AN EXTENSION OF THE INDOOR ACTIVITY ROOM. THIS SPACE WILL PROVIDE A SAFE AND RELAXING ATMOSPHERE WHERE RESIDENTS CAN WONDER FREELY.

PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

RESIDENTS ROOMS

ADMINISTRATION 50X50

ACTIVITY ROOM: 480 SQ. FT. THIS SPACE WILL BE USED AS A SOCIAL GATHERING SPACE FOR RESIDENTS WITH ROOM FOR A FEW COUCHES, TABLES AND CHAIRS. IT WILL ALSO DOUBLE FOR SPECIAL EVENT NIGHTS HOSTED BY THE FACILITY.

31X31

SALON: 1,833 SQ. FT. A SALON WILL BE PROVIDED FOR RESIDENTS TO HAVE A PLACE TO GET THERE HAIR DONE. 42X43 29X29

36X17

29X29

31X31

LOBBY: 630 SQ. FT. A LOBBY/RECEPTION SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED. ALL GUESTS WILL ARRIVE THROUGH THIS SPACE AND CHECK IN BEFORE VISITING RESIDENTS.

15X22

MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT. SUPPORT SPACE FOR ALL MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. 16X16

PUBLIC DINNING: 480 SQ. FT. MINIMUM REQUIRED. PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL 12 SQ. FT. PER GENERAL RESIDENT GREATER THAN 40.

16X16

KITCHEN: 841 SQ. FT. MINIMUM SPACE REQUIRED FOR STORING, STAGING, AND SERVING FOOD.

BEDROOM: 330 SQ. FT. PROVIDE ONE FOR EVERY RESIDENT, MAXIMUM 20 PEOPLE.

NURSING STATION: 250 SQ. FT. A SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE STAFF WHILE THEY ARE ON DUTY.

CONFERENCE ROOM: 240 SQ. FT. A SMALL CONFERENCE ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR STAFF MEETINGS AND BREAKS.

15X15

11X11

SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT. SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR SECURITY SERVICES FOR THE SAFETY OF RESIDENTS.

EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED. ACTIVITIES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEAD OF THE ACTIVITIES DEPARTMENT.

11X11

EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED.

11X11

NURSES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE HEAD NURSE/DOCTOR ON STAFF.

10X10

MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT. THIS ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON SITE STORAGE OF ALL MEDICATION FOR RESIDENTS.

8X8

STAFF BATHROOM: 50 SQ. FT. A ONE-ROOM UNI-SEX BATHROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON STAFF WORKERS

8X8

STORAGE: 60 SQ. FT. THIS STORAGE AREA WILL HOUSE UNUSED MEDICAL SUPPLIES: STRETCHERS, WHEELCHAIRS, ETC.

PROGRAM MASSING This program is split into three different types of design: the Senior Living Facilities, the public spaces, and outdoor spaces. Each design has been broken down to better understand what this community needs and to have a better understanding spatially how these spaces work together, with a specific focus on the senior living facilities.

The public spaces are those that every growing and thriving community needs: restaurants, retail spaces, a market, a medical facility, and public outdoor spaces.

SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES

190X190

162X162

SENIOR LIVING COMPLEX: 36,000 SQ. FT.

159X159

ASSISTED LIVING COMPLEX: 26,000 SQ. FT.

ALZHEIMER’S BUILDING: 25,000 SQ. FT.

MIXED USE/COMMERICAL

127X127 100X100 70X70 45X45

MARKET PLACE: 16,000 SQ. FT.

HEALTH CLINIC: 10,000 SQ. FT.

RESTAURANT: 4,900 SQ. FT.

RETAIL SPACES: 2,000 SQ. FT.

135X135

DEMENTIA BUILDING: 18,200 SQ. FT.

PROGRAM MASSING

ADMINISTRATION

SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES: THE ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COMPLEX

MEDICAL SPACES

MAINTENANCE

PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

RESIDENTS ROOMS MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT.

RESTROOM: 60 SQ. FT.

X-RAY ROOM: 250 SQ. FT.

MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT.

CONFERENCE ROOM: 240 SQ. FT.

LOBBY: 630 SQ. FT.

1 BED PER ROOM (20 ROOMS): 6,600 SQ. FT.

SALON: 1,833 SQ. FT.

LIVING ROOMS: 1,464 SQ. FT. EACH

KITCHEN: 841 SQ. FT.

2 EXAM ROOMS: 120 SQ. FT. EACH

ACTIVITIES OFFICE: NURSES OFFICE: STAFF BATHROOM: 60 SQ. FT. 120 SQ. FT. 120 SQ. FT.

SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT.

ACTIVITY ROOM: 1,160 SQ. FT.

PROGRAM ADJACENCIES AND RELATIONSHIPS When looking at the program and its relation to the site and the surrounding district, the massing of the design originally was very static. There was a need for mixed use and residential buildings, and the question was how will these different programs fit on the site without segregating them but still offering private outdoor spaces for residents living in the senior living facilities. The answer was to design a site that had green spaces integrated throughout to have a common element that all different programs can interact with and private gardens that can be opened or closed off to the public for the senior living facilities.

NEIGHBORHOOD MIXED USE

PUBLIC GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

MASSING DIAGRAM

CONCEPTUAL MASSING

PROGRAM ADJACENCIES AND RELATIONSHIPS The Community for an Aging Societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s program is all encompassing. There are the four different senior living complexes, with mixed use buildings scattered throughout the site connected by public green spaces. This little community is a reflection of the surrounding district with its integration of different building programs on the same city block.

MIXED USE

MAINTENANCE

MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS

ADMINISTRATION

RESIDENCES

PUBLIC GREEN SPACE

PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

PRIVATE GREEN SPACE

COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY Within 20-years, The Community for an Aging Society will have grown to be an integral part of the existing community. With itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unique program that caters to an elderly population, while still interacting with the younger people in the community, this design will become the model for future senior living communities.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

MIXED USE

COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY Moving forward, this project will focus on the design of a building that focuses on the more serious issues of aging-dementia and/or Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Both diseases affect memory and while designing for one is not incumbent of the other, similar programs are needed for both.

MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS

MAINTENANCE

RESIDENCES

ADMINISTRATION

PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

PRIVATE GREEN SPACE

COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY BUILDING FOOTPRINT

The Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building is a completely contained complex that provides residents with a safe and secure environment as the progress through the different stages of the disease.

RESIDENTIAL SPACE The residential spaces are separate from the main core of the building to create the illusion of independent living. It also creates the feeling of living next door to neighbors, similar to that of the historic district where many might have lived before. All residents have views to the exterior, with some having direct assess to the private exterior green space.

COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

The public interaction spaces are a crucial part of this design. Located in the center of the complex, these spaces are designed to bring the residents together to interact with each other. They also create a place for the outside community to come and interact with residents so the building does not feel so much like an institution. These spaces also open up to the private courtyard to blend interior and exterior spaces.

MEDICAL SPACES The medical stations offer residents in-home-care. This space can take care of most minor issues, like colds, scrapes, and burns. There is also a x-ray machine for more serious injuries. Major surgeries and other major injuries, however, must be taken care of at the nearest hospital.

COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY ADMINISTRATION

The staff rooms are spaces for nurses and doctors to go to, to take breaks while tending to residents. This space is also for meetings between co-workers, patients and doctors, and doctors meeting with relatives of residents.

SUPPORT SPACES The support spaces include a mechanical room, room for receiving supplies and sending out mail, and a security station. These spaces are meant for staff use only and should be located near/around areas where the staff frequent and where residents have little to no interaction with.

COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY PRIVATE GREEN SPACE

This is a private courtyard space for the residents of the Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s complex. An interior courtyard and exterior spaces allow for residents to have as much access to nature as possible. There is also a private courtyard for patients at stage 3 of the disease.

POBLATS MARITIMS MASTER-PLAN The Poblats Maritims master-plan shows the build out of the district over a 20-year period. The future plan is to include the different senior living facilities, more commercial and residential buildings, mixed use complexes, green spaces, and restoration of the historic district to the east.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

MIXED USE

POBLATS MARITIMS 5-YEAR PLAN Within the first 5 years of a 20-year master plan, only the independent senior housing and the dementia buildings would be complete. A market or some other mixed-use building would also be completed as the beginnings of the Community for an Aging Society begins to develop.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

MIXED USE

POBLATS MARITIMS 10-YEAR PLAN After 10 years The Community for an Aging Society sees the completion of an assisted living complex. The project further expands with more commercial and residential buildings being built to add to the diversity of the neighborhood.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

MIXED USE

POBLATS MARITIMS 15-YEAR PLAN After 15 years, all of the different senior living facilities will be completed. The community continues to grow with more mixed-use and residential buildings being built. The rest of the district is also growing as new buildings are being built and existing buildings in the historic district are refurbished.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

MIXED USE

POBLATS MARITIMS 20-YEAR PLAN Within 20 years, the district of Poblats Maritims will continue to grow with the Community for an Aging Society being finished, as well as further development throughout the entire district.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

MIXED USE

CHAPTER SIX: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

SITE PLAN

Within 20-years, The Community for an Aging Society will have grown to be an integral part of the existing community. With itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unique program that caters to an elderly population, while still interacting with the younger people in the community, this design will become the model for future senior living communities.

COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

MIXED USE

GREEN SPACE

RESIDENCES

SITE LINES

Taking from the local context, the shape of the building gets its from the existing site lines from the local historic buildings and the pathways through the green spaces directly across from the site.

APPROACH

The design tries to foster interaction between different generations and the natural environment, creating a cohesive community directed toward everyone in the district, not just to the seniors living there. Therefore, a pedestrian mall cuts directly through the site to foster this interaction between the two different generations, as well as the two different types of people that could potentially visit the site: the tourists to the east and the locals in the historic district to the west.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

TOURIST

PROGRAM MASSING Moving forward, this project will focus on the design of a building that focuses on the more serious issues of aging, Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. With a disease that affects memory, certain programmatic elements were required to make this an effective design. With the research done, it was determined that these particular programs were necessary moving forward.

MEDICAL SPACES

RESIDENTIAL ROOMS

PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

MAINTENANCE

ADMINISTRATION

PUBLIC GREEN SPACE

STAGES

With all the advancements in the medical field to allow the elderly population to live longer, there is still not a lot known about the different diseases that can affect them, specifically Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. At first, someone with Alzheimer’s disease my notice mild confusion and difficulty remembering. Eventually, people with the disease may even forget important people in their lives and undergo dramatic personality changes. There are three stages of Alzheimer’s-mild, moderate, and severe.

Understanding these three different stages and how patients daily lives work, depending on the stage of their disease, is a driving factor behind the design of this project.

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

THRESHOLDS

The buildings thresholds are also a very important element within the design. As one progresses through the different stages of Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, the need for separating patients at different stages is not necessary until they reach the third stage. At stage three, patients tend to wander more than patients at earlier stages. Therefore, the need to separate them, while still creating an open environment for other patients is crucial. With this, the use of thresholds as a transitional element between the different spaces allows for the separation needed

for stage three patients, as well as a way for patients in stages one and two to understand that they are moving from one space to another.

NEIGHBORHOODS The residential spaces with be the most distinctive element within the design. The rooms are divided into different neighborhoods, allowing for residents to be placed with people at a similar stage of Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as them. These neighborhoods also relate to the residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s old urban context. Sized from the existing buildings in the historic district, the residential rooms reflect what residents are familiar with, making this transition easier.

ELEMENTS WITHIN THE NEIGHBORHOODS Each neighborhood offers different elements to allow for some sense of the outside world. These different elements will also be used as wayfinding tools for residents in stages 1 and 2. The main community space would act as the town square of the building. This is a place where residents can meet up with visiting relatives or other residents for a variety of activities.

MEDICAL SPACES

STAGE 1 NEIGHBORHOOD

COMMUNITY SPACE

MAINTENANCE

ADMINISTRATION

PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

PERMEABILITY

Permeability is an important element within the design to allow natural light within the complex while still allowing the surrounding community to be apart and view what is going on within the building, even if they do not have access.

PERMEABILITY THROUGH BUILDING

PERMEABILITY INTO SPACES

Clearstory windows and large floorto-ceiling windows are used to allow natural light into the complex while the threshold spaces are made completely of glass to create a connection to the people in the community by allowing them to see into the building and beyond into the garden spaces of the buildings.

ACCESS TO NATURE Access to nature is a big step in improving the health of everyday senior citizens and is extremely important for people with Alzheimer’s.

So residents won’t wonder, and so staff can keep an eye on patients, an interior courtyard allow access to nature while still providing a safe and secure place for residents. The complex also has a perimeter fence located within a hedge to allow residents’ access to exterior spaces while still keeping them safe.

LANDSCAPING

Because exterior spaces are just as important as interior ones, great care has been made with the landscaping to provide different way finding tools for residents.

SCALE: 1/16” = 1’ - 0” 0 5

ORIENTATION THROUGH VISUAL CUES EXTERIOR SPACES

these principles make people with Alzheimer’s disease more competent in their use of the spaces. This also means that the exterior spaces are just as important as the interior ones, so design continuity between interior and exterior is very important.

6 1

3 4

FOUNTAIN

GAZEBO

RESIDENTIAL GARDEN

GREEN LAWN

PRIVATE COURTYARD

FLOWER GARDENS

GROUND FLOOR PLAN Like the exterior spaces, great care has been made to make the interior spaces as easy for the residents to understand as possible. Continuous flooring material and similar layouts create continuity that is needed for residents, while each neighborhood as smaller elements that make each place different enough for residents to recognize when they are not in their own neighborhood.

SCALE: 1/16” = 1’ - 0” 0 5

ENLARGED UNIT PLAN There is much more evidence now that seniors with Alzheimer’s are much more comfortable and relaxed in a small, homelike environment. A large setting, where seniors must cope with extensive space, widely scattered areas, and many people, can increase confusion and disorientation. This project is designed to a more intimate experience, with only twenty residents, five of which are in the third stage of the disease. This need for a more homelike environment is the driving factor on what materials are being used, as well as what residents experience throughout the building. Each resident is

encouraged to decorate their rooms with furnishings, pictures, family snapshots, and memorable possessions from their former homes. Warm colors, instead of white walls, add to the homier feeling. Berber carpet is used within each resident room to distinguish them from the more private rooms to the public living spaces with their hardwood flooring. Berber carpet, as apposed other types of carpet, is used because of its high stain resistance, unique handcrafted appearance, relatively inexpensive style, and it works well with wheelchairs and power chairs.

SCALE: 1/4” = 1’ - 0” 0

ORIENTATION THROUGH VISUAL CUES INTERIOR SPACES

Because of the changes to the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, remembering places and connections between them, is extremely difficult. With these concerns in mind, Kevin Lynch’s five elements of design that, he claims, people use for orientation and way-finding became particularly useful when applied to building and garden design, they relieve the user from having to organize a mental cognitive map. Spaces, both interior and exterior, designed with these principles make people with Alzheimer’s disease more competent in their use of the spaces. This also means that the exterior spaces are just as important as the interior ones, so design continuity between interior and exterior is very important.

AROMATHERAPY

SOUND THERAPY

DIFFERENT COLORED WALLS AS A WAY-FINDING ELEMENT

INTERIOR COURTYARD

SECTION THROUGH ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COMPLEX Long section taken through the full length of the complex to show how the spaces flow from one place to the next seamlessly.

SECTION THROUGH STAGE THREE LIVING Since Stage 3 patients are kept separately from the rest of the residents, a great deal of effect was made to create this space as similar as the other residential spaces. Stage 3 patients have their own private courtyard and the main living space also doubles as a dining and activities room.

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SPACIAL SECTION THROUGH INTERIOR COURTYARD Because an interior courtyard is such an unique and important element to the design, care has been made to showcase the different ways this space can be used as well has how the residents rooms become an extension of this large living space.

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CHAPTER SEVEN: FACADE DESIGN

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MATERIALITY AND TEXTURE The district of Poblats Maritims had a materiality and texture all its own. While being next to the beach, Polbats Maritims offers travelers and architects a unique cultural experience through its materiality and texture. Street pavement varied from smooth red brick paths to stones with grass growing through the cracks to show the age of the district. Stamps of the city and district emblems in the stone show transitions from one part of the city to the other in a subtle way. And of course, one can not forget the beach culture thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s seen throughout the district.

the city though. While the rest of the city has an uniform street front, the district of Poblats Maritims shows its individuality through the different colors of its building facades. Even the sizing of the buildings is unique, taking the size of a tree to regulate building height and width. Materiality and texture are also two elements that can make the transition from one way of living to another easier for seniors living with Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

The building facades in Poblats Maritims are what make this part stand out from the rest of

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MATERIALITY AND TEXTURE

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FACADE PRECEDENTS Materiality has been a great debate with this project because while you are making an “institutional” style building, the design is also trying to create this feeling of not being in a hospital. This is a great concern because there is much evidence now that people with Alzheimer’s are much more comfortable and relaxed in a small, homelike environment designed for around eight to 20 people. So, to create a design to resemble that of a home through the use of warm interior finishes countered with warm stone and/or concrete structure and materiality is very important. The façade systems used throughout the building are very simple in response, not only to the users of the building but the local context as well. Within this complex, there appear to be a basic three façade systems to distinguish the different elements of the building: the residential rooms, the threshold spaces, and the more private spaces like the nurse’s station, private living spaces, and the public dining and living space. Three different distinguishing elements are being used as a wayfinding tool for the Alzheimer’s patients to be able to identify where they are at within the complex, as well as when they are in the exterior spaces of the building. STEVEN HALL’S MALAWI LIBRARY

LOCAL MATERIALITY

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PERFORATED KINETIC FACADE WAVES

ARTHUR AND YVONNE BOYD EDUCATION CENTRE

BUILDING IN LAGOA DAS FURNAS BY AIRES MATEUS

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RESIDENTIAL FACADE AND WALL SECTION The use of different materials on the façade and the interior walls helping residents recognize where they are, or at least act as a mental cue for their location. For the exterior façade, like with the interior, different colors will be used as a wayfinding tool. Basic colors such as reds, greens, blues, and yellows, if tastefully used, are appealing and easily visible. The residential facades will be using local materials, either mosaic tiles or colored brick, as a way for residents to still relate to their pasts. This use of color is used for the elderly who have visual problems. Simplistic floor patterns will be used and the lighting will come from multiple sources in the bedrooms. Each room will have two operable windows as well has a clearstory window to increase the natural light into the space. This sunlight, though, will be controlled to avoid glare issues

ROOFING MEMBRANE 2” INSULATION 1” WATER MEMBRANE

STEEL ANGLE 1/2” WOOD SHIM 1” METAL FASCIA PANEL

6” CONCRETE 1” FINISHED SKIM

1”GYP. WALL BOARD 1/2” FURRING CHANNEL 8” CMU BLOCKING

VAPOR BARRIER 2” INSULATION 1” AIR GAP BRICK EXTERIOR CLADDING

SECONDARY SEAL ALUMINUM SPACER INSULATED GLASS 1/2” FINISHED WOOD TRIM

2” FINISHED WOOD FLOORING 1” SOUND INSULATION TWO LAYERS OF 1/2” PLYWOOD NAILED TOGETHER 1/2”X1” WOOD SUB-FLOOR FRAME

6” CONCRETE 1” POLY VAPOR BARRIER 2” INSULATION 4” GRAVEL

Residential Facade Section SCALE: 1/2” = 1’ - 0” 0 5 15

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BRICK SILL

FLOORING DETAIL

Detailed Residential Facade Elevation

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THRESHOLD FACADE AND WALL SECTION The buildings thresholds are also a very important element within the design. The materiality of these spaces will consist of the same smart glass used in the residential rooms. With the use of glass in these transition spaces also creates a connection to the people in the community by allowing them to see into the building and beyond into the garden spaces of the buildings.

ROOFING MEMBRANE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE 2” INSULATION METAL DECKING

METAL CAP 3 5/8” INSULATION 1/2” PLYWOOD SHEATHING

STEEL STRUCTURE DROP CEILING

ROOFING DETAIL

INSULATED GLASS ALUMINUM SPACER SECONDARY SEAL

2” FINISHED WOOD FLOORING 1” SOUND INSULATION TWO LAYERS OF 1/2” PLYWOOD NAILED TOGETHER 1/2”X1” WOOD SUB-FLOOR FRAME

Threshold Facade Section SCALE: 1/2” = 1’ - 0” 0 5 15

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6” CONCRETE 1” POLY VAPOR BARRIER 2” INSULATION 4” GRAVEL

Detailed Threshold Facade Elevation

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DETAILS

You can’t make an older person warm and comfortable by blowing hot air at them. It just makes them colder because air blowing across their bodies fails to penetrate and make them feel warmer. The only way to bring warmth and comfort is with electric radiant heat. Electric radiant heat warms objects and people in the room, not the air. This detailed floor section is to show how the radiant flooring system would work. This flooring would be throughout the complex, with the finished material of hardwood, carpet, or tile being the only difference.

INSULATED GLASS ALUMINUM SPACER SECONDARY SEAL 1/2” FINISHED WOOD TRIM

1”GYP. WALL BOARD 1/2” FURRING CHANNEL 8” CMU BLOCKING

BRICK SILL

VAPOR BARRIER 2” INSULATION 1” AIR GAP BRICK EXTERIOR CLADDING

1/2” FINISHED WOOD TRIM

2” FINISHED WOOD FLOORING 1” SOUND INSULATION TWO LAYERS OF 1/2” PLYWOOD NAILED TOGETHER 1/2”X1” WOOD SUB-FLOOR FRAME 6” CONCRETE 1” POLY VAPOR BARRIER 2” INSULATION 4” GRAVEL

DRAINAGE

RADIANT FLOORING DETAIL SCALE: 1” = 1’ - 0” 0

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METAL CAP 3 5/8” INSULATION 1/2” PLYWOOD SHEATHING

ROOFING MEMBRANE

STEEL ANGLE

WATERPROOF MEMBRANE 2” INSULATION METAL DECKING

STEEL STRUCTURE DROP CEILING

SECONDARY SEAL ALUMINUM SPACER INSULATED GLASS

FLAT ROOF DETAIL SCALE: 1” = 1’ - 0” 0

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CHAPTER EIGHT: STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM Due to the simplicity of the project, the structure of the building is also not very complex. Like the construction of a single-family home, this Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building will have a similar construction system, something along the lines of platform framing with a concrete slab on grade foundation. A concrete slab will be placed at grade level to serve as a combined floor and foundation system. Platform framing is a light wood frame having studs only one story high. Another option is post-and-beam construction uses framework of vertical posts and horizontal beams to carry both floor and roof loads. The beams supporting the floor and roof systems transmit their loads to posts or columns that, in turn, carry the loads down to the foundation system. With the climate in Valencia, snow and other harsh weather conditions are not an issue. Wood columns and posts are loaded axially in compression. Failure can result from crushing of the wood fibers if the maximum unit stress exceeds the

allowable unit stress in compression parallel to the grain. The load capacity of a column is also determined by its slenderness ratio. As the slenderness ratio of a column increases, a column can fail from buckling. While code allows for this type of construction, CMU blocks or concrete walls might be more appropriate. CMU comes in a 4 inch width that can work well for demising walls. The great advantage of a CMU wall is that it helps significantly with acoustic isolation between rooms.

ROOF SYSTEM

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

GLASS WALLS AND WINDOWS

PARTITION WALLS

LOADBEARING WALL

FOUNDATION

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CHAPTER NINE: INTERIOR DESIGN

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CIRCULATION DIAGRAM-INTERIOR ROUTES Interior routes stem from the residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; room to the main community space. Stage 3 residents routes are contained to their particular neighborhood, while Stage 1 and 2 residents have free range within their own neighborhoods and the main community space.

INTERIOR ROUTES

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CIRCULATION DIAGRAM-EXTERIOR ROUTES Exterior spaces are accessed through the buildings thresholds or public living spaces. Loops are created with different elements in each part of the landscape, which act as way-finding tools, to allow for residents to roam if they so wish. All exterior spaces are surrounded by fencing, disguised within a hedge, to create safe exterior spaces for residents.

EXTERIOR ROUTES

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CIRCULATION DIAGRAM-STAFF ROUTES The staff has the most access, being allowed to freely move throughout the building. With a separate entrance from visitors, the staff has its own area separate from their working stations, i.e. offices, break room, bathroom. While staff have complete access to the building, usually only nurses working with Stage 3 patients would be in that part of the building, while nurses working with residents in stages 1 and 2 would be seen in both parts of the building, allowing for residents to interact with them as they would people within their old neighborhoods.

STAFF ROUTES

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CIRCULATION DIAGRAM-PUBLIC ROUTE The public will have access to the Alzheimer’s facility, but this access is limited. Having a separate entrance from the staff, the public would mostly be allowing in the main community space to see their loved ones. Residents in Stages 1 and 2 would be allowed to show their relatives to their own neighborhoods, but only when they are having a “good” day.

PUBLIC ROUTES

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CIRCULATION DIAGRAM This diagram show the different interactions between the different users circulation paths.

INTERIOR ROUTES

EXTERIOR ROUTES

STAFF ROUTES

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PUBLIC ROUTES

BUILDING ENTRANCE

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RESIDENTIAL GARDEN

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GAZEBO

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EXTERIOR FOUNTAIN

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PRIVATE COURTYARD

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ACTIVITIES ROOM

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SALON

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THRESHOLDS

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INTERIOR COURTYARD

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RESIDENTIAL ROOM By far, the most important element within the design. Residential rooms are large in size to accommodate all personal effects that residents bring with them from their old lives, as well as to make the rooms feel as little like a hospital room as possible. All rooms have two major windows facing in different directions to offer a variety of views to the exterior gardens.

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CHAPTER TEN: DESIGN PROGRESSION

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FIRST ITERATION This first iteration was trying to find three different ways to solve the problems stated for the Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building: safety, patients relationships within the building and the community, a healthy environment, and access to nature. The first concept is the most common seen in these building types, a completely enclosed building. The second concept is the inverse of the enclosed building, a building with the residential rooms facing out and the living spaces in the center of the building. The final concept is a combination of the first two, with the interior courtyard and central living, but this building takes on an organic form, something that is not usually done with this building type.

ENCLOSED CONCEPT

CENTRAL LIVING CONCEPT

ORGANIC CONCEPT

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SECOND ITERATION The second iteration was a further exploration of the first. Trying to make these buildings more dynamic and interesting while still keeping true to their original concept.

ENCLOSED CONCEPT

ORGANIC CONCEPT

CENTRAL LIVING CONCEPT

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EXPLORING BUILDING FORM With the idea of a more organic building form for the Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s patients, more models and sketches were made. This was done to try and find the best solution that would maximize the space needed for the patients without them feeling like they were in an institution, while still fitting in all the required program needed for the building to function properly.

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JURY 1 MODEL

This was the first attempt at trying to make an organic building for Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s patients. Very organic in form, but also a lot of wasted space.

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ADMIN OFFICE MEDICINE X-RAY ROOM ROOM

MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS

SECURITY

EXAM ROOM

BATHROOM

EXAM ROOM

RESIDENTIAL ROOMS

NURSEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S OFFICE

BATHROOM

MECHANICAL ROOM

CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY

KITCHEN INTERIOR COURTYARD

FITNESS CENTER

EXAM ROOM

ACTIVITIES ROOM

BATHROOM

EXAM ROOM

MEDICINE ROOM

PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES

X-RAY ROOM

EXAM ROOM

MAINTENANCE

ADMINISTRATION

INTERIOR COURTYARD

PRIVATE GREEN SPACE

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INTERIOR COURTYARD

BATHROOM

EXAM ROOM

JURY 2 MODEL

The model for Jury 2 sees less curves to make for less wasted space. There was still a disconnect though from the residential rooms to the main living complex.

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FINAL MODEL

The final product sees things finally falling in place for the design. The residential rooms fit nicely with their three different neighborhoods, with the threshold spaces connecting them. The main community space is fits better in this iteration and the connection to the community and surrounding context continues to grow.

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FINAL MODEL

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