A COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY
BY: JESSICA RAE JENNINGS 1
INTRODUCTION The contemporary city is a place of increasing complexity. Within the context of a globalized world we find burgeoning growth in many cities that is pushing developers and architects to consider and design for areas of untapped potential. Cities of historical significance face particular challenges of blending the old with the new. The city of Valencia, Spain is on exception; where we see a contrast of historic urban fabric with the busiest shipping container port in the Mediterranean Sea. This presents a creative opportunity to analyze the dialogue and constraints between the old and
the new, and consider how resulting hybrid conditions can create program configurations that will add new value to the city and engender future potentials. The site for the studio will be a district on the eastern of Valencia, Spain, known as Poblats Maritims, anchored to the shipping port that has developed over hundreds of years. This design is a proposal for a new master plan for the Poblats Maritims district, will individual site selections and programs that respond to major
2
issues within the district, and the city of Valencia as a whole. Through city and district research, identifying problems, master planning, programing, and design aspirations, this book aims to present a solution to one of the many problems identified within the Poblats Maritims district.
MEET THE STUDIO
ANNIE
VALERIE
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VII
KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND DESIGN
JESSICA
PROFESSOR: JAY SIEBENMORGEN VISITING PROFESSOR: FRAN SILVESTRE
SARAH
JAY SIEBENMORGEN PAUL KLIPPEL
JESSICA JENNINGS
ALBERTO CAMPO BAEZA
ALEX REYES
JAKE CHRISTRIAN BRANNON SHANYUAN BERGER LIU
TYLER ARNDT
WESTON ROTHCHILD
CAMERON STRICKLAND
MUSAN ZHANG
VALERIE STETTS
ANNIE REUTHER SARAH KIRCHGESSNER
3
4
CONTENT INTRODUCTION
2
MEET THE STUDIO
3
CONTENTS
5
TERRAIN AND TOPOGRAPHY
7
HISTORY
15
PORT DEVELOPMENT
43
ZONING AND PROGRAM USE
51
URBAN VALENCIA
59
DISTRICT CHARACTER
69
TRANSPORTATION
85
CLIMATE
101
PHOTO JOURNAL
127
PROJECT STATEMENT
145
RESEARCH
149
PROGRAM PROPOSAL
161
BIBLIOGRAPHY
206
5
6
CHAPTER ONE: TERRAIN AND TOPOGRAPHY
7
TERRAIN
GREATER VALENCIA
0 to 400 m 400 to 1000 m
The Spanish mainland is bordered to the South and East almost entirely by the Mediterranean Sea (except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar); to the North by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the West by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. With an area of 504,030 km², Spain is the fourth largest country in Western Europe (behind France) and with an average altitude of 650 m.
1000 to 1500 m 1500 to 2000 m More than 2000 m
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TERRAIN
GREATER VALENCIA Spain, in Southwestern Europe, borders Portugal to the West and France to the Northeast. It is a fairly large country with a diverse terrain. The varying geographical features offer a range of outdoor opportunities, from rock climbing to surfing. Occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula’s land area (approximately 85%), Spain is the third largest country in Europe and 45% is covered by the Meseta Plateau.
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TERRAIN
GREATER VALENCIA Valencia has a widely diverse landscape with more than 450 kilometers of coastline and beaches along the Mediterranean, bordered by Cataluna to the North and Murcia to the South. With a total area of some 20,000 square kilometers, yet only 120 kilometers at its widest point, the area has both high mountains and plains, wetlands and beaches. A temperate climate yet with semiarid desert environments and lush forests in the interior.
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TERRAIN
GREATER VALENCIA Valencia has a widely diverse landscape with more than 450 kilometers of coastline and beaches along the Mediterranean, bordered by Cataluna to the North and Murcia to the South. With a total area of some 20,000 square kilometers, yet only 120 kilometers at its widest point, the area has both high mountains and plains, wetlands and beaches. A temperate climate yet with semiarid desert environments and lush forests in the interior.
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TOPOGRAPHY SITE LOCATION
ALBUFERA NATURAL PARK
Our site is located between the the Balearic Sea and the historic city center of Valencia. To the east lies the Cabanyal Beach, a natural buffer to fluctuating sea levels and a popular destination for beach goers. The northern half of the site ranges from 2-10ft, while the bottom half rises up to 16ft.
The park is home to the largest lake in Spain and one of the most important wetland areas in the Iberian Peninsula. It is a place of great ecological interest with rare species of wading birds and a rich variety of wildlife. Its waters have been traditionally worked by fishermen and rice growers, supplying ingredients and inspiration for many of the regions most succulent dishes.
Though there are mountain ranges surrounding the Poblats Maritims, our site location is relatively level.
POBLATS MARITIMS
12
2FT INTERVALS / 1,000FT
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
DATUM LEVEL
SEA LEVEL
ALBUFERA NATURAL PARK
BELOW SEA LEVEL
VALENCIA VALENCIA, SPAIN SITE LOCATION
5FT INTERVALS / 2 MI 13
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CHAPTER TWO: THE HISTORY OF VALENCIA
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TIMELINE
100B.C. By this time the main public buildings of the city have appeared in the present l’Almoina. They include the Templo de Asklepion, the forum, Basilica, Circus, temple of the forum, and infrastructure.
ARCHITECTURE
B.C.
FLOODING EVENTS
Valentia is destroyed by Pompei in a series of Civil Wars between Mario and Sila in which the city took a very active role. The city would remain uninhabited for 50 years until its refounding.
75B.C. Valencia, then Valentia, is founded as a Roman colony by consul Junius Brutus Callaicus. The first settlers were approximately 2000 former soldiers of the wars of Viriato.
138B.C.
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1021-’61 100 B.C. During the reign of Abd al Aziz ibn Amir a new wall was built for defensive purposes. According to recordings, the wall had seven gates, was built of cement, and had semicircular towers of construction.
A.D.
Three armies of Moors fan out across the Iberian peninsula following the defeat of the Goths at the battle of Guadalete.
Valencia, is taken by the Visigoths. Seven governing bishops would be recorded during this period.
413 On January 22nd, Saint Vincent dies in Valencia from the wounds of his torture and becomes a martyr for Christianity.
Valencia becomes the seat of a newly established independent Moorish kingdom called Valencia that extends from Almeria to the Ebro estuary.
718 Lead by Tarik, the Moors conquered Valencia, Murviendro, Jativa, and Denia.
711
304
1021 The Tribunal de las Aguas was founded under the Caliph of Cordova Abd al Rahman III. The Court continues today, operating for over 1000 years.
960
17
1288 100 B.C. The Almoina building was constructed.
1307 100 B.C. The Almudin (public granary) was constructed
1238 100 B.C. The Monasterio de San Vicente de la Roqueta is occupied.
Casas de la Ciudad construction is started.
1313 100 B.C.
1342 100 B.C.
1381 100 B.C.
Casas de la Ciudad construction is completed. (1307-1342)
1356 100 B.C.
Banos del Almirante is constructed.
Construction on the Medieval Walls begins.
James of Aragon I leads an army that pushes the Islamic Moors out of power in Valencia and adds the city to his dominion.
1238
A drought was followed by flooding from the river, killing 400 people and destroying all of the city’s bridges. River Turia Flood
1352 River Turia Flood
1340 First Recorded River Turia Flood
1320 18
The Miguelete Tower construction is started.
1392 The Serranos gateway is erected.
1424 100 B.C. The Miguelete Tower is completed.
1482 100 B.C. Construction begins on La Lonja Silk Exchange.
La Lonja Silk Exchange is completed.
1486
1479
The Corpus Christi College is established.
River Turia Flood
Violent flooding occurred which killed many and destroyed all of the city’s mills. River Turia Flood
River Turia Flood
The Spanish Kingdom unites under Ferdinand and Isabella.
1586 100 B.C.
1533 100 B.C.
1589 River Turia Flood
1581
1486
River Turia Flood
The University of Valencia is established in the former Jewish quarter.
1577 River Turia Flood
1557
1498
River Turia Flood
River Turia Flood
1476
1555 River Turia Flood
River Turia Flood
1446
1540
19
1596 100 B.C.
1652 100 B.C.
The Serranos Bridge and Puente del Mar are constructed.
1599 100 B.C.
The Basilica Mare de Deu dels Desemparats begins construction.
The Ponte de Real is constructed.
1667 100 B.C. The Basilica Mare de Deu dels Desemparats construction is completed.
1685 100 B.C. Work to expand the Port of Valencia begins.
1688 100 B.C. Tower of Santa Catalina begins construction.
The Moors which made up 30% of the population are expelled from Spain leaving a devastating effect on the economy and culture.
1705 100 B.C. Tower of Santa Catalina is completed.
Tomas Vicente Tosca makes the first cartographic representation of the city in the form of a perspective drawing.
1609
1704
20
1768 100 B.C. The San Carlos Royal Academy of Fine Arts is established.
1860 100 B.C.
1839 100 B.C. The Museu de Bellas Artes de Valencia is completed.
1840 100 B.C. Plaza Redona is constructed in the city center.
The Plaza de Toros is constructed adjacent to Estacio del Nord.
1850 100 B.C. Estacio del Nord is completed.
1860 100 B.C. The Plaza de Toros is constructed adjacent to Estacio del Nord.
1864 100 B.C.
1810 100 B.C. Renovations to the municipal cemetery are made.
Valencia’s medieval walls are destroyed.
Napolean’s troops occupy Valencia and destroy the Royal Palace, the Soledad Church, the Zaldia Convent, and the San Juan Convent.
Occupation of Napoleon’s troops ends.
1808
1874
21
The “Urban Expansion Commission” is set up in the Municipality.
1876
The villages of El Cabanyal, Canyamelar, and Cap de Franca were merged into Valencia Valencia’s to form the Poblats Ayuntamiento City Maritims district. Hall is constructed.
1897
1901-’04
World War I
1914-’18
Valencia briefly serves as seat of the Loyalist Government during the Spanish Civil War.
The ‘Banos del Almirante’ are declared a Historical Artistic Monument
1936-’37
Spanish Civil War occurs, marking the end of the Spanish Republic.
1944
World War II
1936-’39 1939-’45
22
1965 100 B.C. Construction to divert the river Turia begins.
The “Plan de Ordenacion de Valencia y su Cintura” (Plan for the Organization of Valencia and its Surrounding Belt) was adopted.
1946
The “Solucion Sur” (Southern Solution) is adopted to redirect the river Turia south of the city.
1957
Crisis in the shipping and fishing industries initiate the slow decline of the Poblats Maritims district, whose economy was largely dependent on these industries.
1970
King Juan Carlos I gifts the Turia riverbed to Valencia upon which he builds the 7 kilometer park.
1957
The worst floods in Valencia’s history destroy the city. 81 deaths were recorded as a result.
1957 23
Unemployment, social problems, and pollution, which was the result of over a century of shipping and industrial activity, and the city dumping sewage into the harbor had degraded the district.
1980
The local Valencian government declares El Cabanyal a ‘Heritage of Cultural Interest’.
1993
2005 100 B.C. The “City of Arts and Sciences” by Calatrava is completed.
1998 100 B.C. Palau de Congresos is constructed.
2006 100 B.C. Veles i Vents is completed for the America’s Cup.
After the Valencia City Council announced plans to extend the Blasco Ibanez Avenue, destroying 1600 dwellings in the El Cabanyal neighborhood, Salvem El Cabanyal was created to challenge new development.
Valencia hosts its second edition of the America’s Cup.
2010 The Tribunal de las Aguas is declared by the UNESCO, Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, a ‘Tribunal of irrigators of the Spanish Mediterranean’.
1998
2009 Valencia hosts the European Formula One Grand Prix for five years at Marina Real Juan Carlos.
2008 The global Great Recession halts the development boom of the city.
2008-’12 Valencia hosts the America’s Cup.
2007 24
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HISTORY OF VALENCIA 138 BC - 714 AD
This era of Valencia dates from the time of its founding as a Roman colony in the 600s BCE to its eventual transition into a Moorish Islamic City in the 8th century. Sitting approximately 2.7 m below the current streets of Valencia, the Roman city sat on the south bank of the river Turia. Situated where the river Turia intersected via Augusta, te city was centered around the present-day cathedral and Plaza de la Virgen. From the forum ran the city’s Cardo and Decunano roads that presently correspond with the Navellcs-Miguelete and Almudin-Caballeros streets. The city did not become important until the third century when the regional capital of Sagunto had been destroyed. CITY GROWTH
26
HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS Roman Forum Cathedral Via Augusta Basilica Curia Santuary of Asklepios Hot Springs Roman City Plan
The Forum in 200 AD
1
Area of l’Almoina in 100 B.C.
Centre Arqueologic de l’Almoina
2
ROMAN VALENCIA BUILDINGS
1 2
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HISTORY OF VALENCIA 714 AD 0 1238 AD
The era of the Islamic Moors in Valencia started in 718 after the Goths were overthrown. During this time Valencia’s economy would flourish due to the Moor’s agricultural technological contributions to the region. In the 11th century walls were built to enclose the city, an area of 47 hectares and a population of approximately 15,000. The urban fabric consisted of blind alleys and walled garden residences.
CITY GROWTH
28
HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS
The Alcazar Fortress (The Archbishop’s Palace) Mosque (The Cathedral) The Almudin Central Market Banos del Almirante Tribunal de las Aguas Islamic City Walls
Remnant of the Islamic City Wall
Central Market
4
Banos del Almirante
5
ISLAMIC MOOR BUILDINGS The Almudin
3
3 5 4
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HISTORY OF VALENCIA 1238 AD - 1812 AD
James of Aragon I conquered Valencia in 1238 and would fundamentally lay the foundation for a change in the way the city developed that differed from the Moors. First Valencia was divided into four quarters corresponding to the citizen’s origins with over 1600 houses listed in “Libre del Repartiment” being given to newcomers from Barcelona. The remaining Moor population was moved to the outskirts of the city on the west side. Traditionally Islamic homes were converted to accomodate their new Christian inhabitants, in addition to new churches.
CITY GROWTH
30
HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS
El Almudin Casa de la Cuidad Medieval City Walls The Serranos Gateway The Civic Center Around the Plaza de la Catedral the University of Valencia La Lonja The Miguelete Tower The Puente del Mar The Real Bridge Basilica of the Mare de Deu dels Desemparats Port of Valencia The San Carlos Royal Academy of Fine Arts Customs Housecum endelliqui conem.
Serranos Towers
6
Miguelete Tower
8
La Lonja (Silk Exchange)
7
The University of Valencia
9
POST CONQUEST BUILDINGS
8
6
9
7
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HISTORY OF VALENCIA 1812 - 1950
Spanning from 1800 to the mid-1900s, the modern era was the time of moderate expansion for Valencia. Briefly Napoleon’s troops occupied the city and destroyed the Royal Palace, the Soledad Chruch, the Zaldia convent and the San Juan convent. However the Plaza Redonda was added to the city in its geometric center. In 1865 after demoliting the old walls, Valencia began to expand to the south and east along the roads connecting it with its port and coastal districts also known as ‘Poblats Maritims’.
CITY GROWTH
32
HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS Estacion del Norte Plaza de Toros de Valencia City Hall at Plaza de San Francisco Mercat Central Mercat Colom Plaza de l’Ajuntament Telegraph Office Estacio del Nord (Estacion del Norte)
10
Mercado Central
City Hall at Plaza de San Francisco
11
Plaza de Toros
MODERN VALENCIA BUILDINGS
11
12 10
33
12
HISTORY OF VALENCIA 1950 - PRESENT
The city’s contemporary era spans from the 1950s to the present day and has been a time of aggressive expansion. Following devastating flooding in 1957, the adoption of Solucion Sur in 1958 and the 1966 General Plan, Valencia rediverted the river Turia and looked to expand toward the coast. Simultaneously immigrants from rurla and southern Spain flocked to the city seeking employment. Development swelled and resulted in new infrastructure, urban expansion, and the areas of the City of Arts and Sciences, the Congress Center, the Biopartc and Cabecera Park, and the Royal Marina.
CITY GROWTH
34
HISTORY OF VALENCIA NOTABLE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS
Conference Palace Veles i Vents Formula One at Marina Real Juan Carlos City of Arts and Sciences Hemisferic IMAX Oceanografic Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia Agora Museu de les Ciencies Principe Felipe
Palau Congresos
Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias
13
14 13
35
Grand Prix at Marina Real Juan Carlos
14
HISTORY OF VALENCIA In 1957 Valencia faced its worst flood in recorded history. Just after midnight on October 4, 1957 debris and logs stated to flow into the city, blocking bridges that connected the two halves of Valencia. More than 1000 cubic meters of water per second flowed into the cities streets.
At 4 AM the flood reached its peak of approximately 2700 cubic metres of water per second, but quickly tapered off aftwerwards. A single telephone line remained to Castellon reminaed allowing for emergency services to be contacted. All roads out of the city towards Madrid, Barcelona, and Albacete were blocked or swept away.
Later that same day at 2 PM a second flood occured with 3500 cubic meters of water per second rushing into the city with rain dense enough to limit sight. At 3:30 PM the second flood reached its apex with 6000 cubic meters of water per second, washing away buildings and expanding the rivers size to cover 2200 hectares. The neighbhorhoods of Nazaret, El Cabanyal and Malvarrosa were the most impacted districts.
ORIGIONAL RIO TURIA ROUTE EXTENT OF 1957 FLOOD NEW RIO TURIA ROUTE
BALEARIC SEA
36
HISTORY OF VALENCIA NEW PORT DEVELOPMENTS
As the river was moved it created a new border along the southern edge of the city. This allowed for a more connected city with a green belt now connecting the developed districts of the city. The movement of the river allowed for more expansions of the port since the Poblats Maritims district was more stable and free from the issues of flooding.
NEW ROUTE OF RIO TURIA DEVELOPED GREEN BELT
SPLITTING THE POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT While the movement of the river was largely a boon for the city it did have reprecussions on the coastal district of Poblats Maritims. The re-routing of the Rio Turia lead to the development of Mega-Events such as the construction of the Formula 1 track. These events have divided neighborhoods of the Poblats Maritims district, separating these neighborhoods from the rest of the city.
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HISTORY OF VALENCIA The Poblats Maritims district has gone through years of beneficial development and expansion. In recent times however, the district has faced various issues that have had a negative impact on the population that resides there.
The district started as a fisherman settlement that grew in size with the initial construciton of the port in 1438. As the port expanded, so to did the district. The district eventually came to incorporate the El Cabanyal, Canyamelar, El Grau, and Natzaret.
In 1957 the Rio Turia flooded, wreaking devestation upon the populaiton of the Poblats Maritims district in particular. As teh cities population exploded in the 1960’s and 1970’s the populaiton of Poblats Maritims decreased by 8% with some neighborhoods seeing a decrease of 33%. There have been attempts to redevelop the area though these plans are contested as they would call for the displacement of a large refugee and immigrant population and would destroy a historic district of Valencia.
77.35 74.59 LIFE EXPECTANCY (MALE) 83.79 82.71 LIFE EXPECTANCY (FEMALE) 1 3.11 % ILLITERACY RATE 9.31 13.22 % POPULATION WITH <9TH GRADE EDUCATION 47.29 44.23 % ECONOMIC ACTIVITY RATE 7.81 9.14 % UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
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NEW ROUTE OF RIO TURIA DEVELOPED GREEN BELT
HISTORY OF VALENCIA The city of Valencia, Spain has grown tremendously since its initial inception in 138 BC. Since then the city has been conquered and controlled numerous times by different groups, each leaving their culture and influence markedly on the city.
The city began as a Roman colony and over the years has grown to one of the largest ports in the region. Valencia, being the third largest city in Spain behind Madrid and Barcelona, is home to a culturally diverse mixture of activities and peoples.
138 BC 714 AD 1812 AD 1950 AD 2017 AD
Presently, the city is poised to make major investments into the development of the port and surrounding areas as the city strives to make become more sustainable by adding numerous parks and open spaces.
BALEARIC SEA
39
GROWTH OF POBLATS MARITIMS HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT
SHIFTING THE RIVER
Poblats Maritims was initially settled by fisherman who built barraques on the shore of the Balearic Sea. With the establishment of the port in 1438 the area began to grew due to trade. The area saw a steady increase in size over time although in 1957 a flood of the Rio Turia severly impacted the area. The area would suffer more in the following years with a decrease in population and pollution issues.
The Rio Turia is one of the defining factors in the location of Valencia and in the past proved to be a major means of getting to the interior geography of Spain. The flooding of the river was a boon for the town at its earlier stages, but as the city grew the flooding of the Turia posed challenges for further development. Therefore after a major flood in 1957 the decision was made to re-route the river south.
NEW ROUTE OF RIO TURIA OLD RIO TURIA ROUTE POBLATS MARITIMS BOUNDARY 1812 AD 1900 AD 2017 AD
BALEARIC SEA
40
41
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CHAPTER THREE: PORT DEVELOPMENT
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PORT DEVELOPMENT 1798
In 1798 the Mirallas project began. The project was grand in scope. All of the shelters in the port would be anchored to protect them from the wind. A series of dykes in the form a of a polygon would be designed with the last dyke running parallel to the beach to improve protection. Finally, dykes would be constructed to prevent the entrance of water from the River Turia entering into the port. These were monumental improvements but as the War for Independence grew, this project was stopped.
1867
Reform began again in 1867 by Llovera. He proposed designing a Pier in a new direction to improve its resistance against the sea. He designed a dam with a tower for a lighthouse to improve conditions for ships. Finally, the tip of the
dam would be designed to make the entrance of ships into the port easier and safer. They would replace monoliths with piles of hollow blocks ďŹ lled with concrete. It increases the sections and introduces the use of pozzolans to avoid destruction of portland cement by sea water.
1921
In 1921 the Iberian Company of Constructions and Works Public was committed to execute the master project. Installations were made to by contractors for starting and transporting stone coming from the quarry of Saguto. These large hollow blocks were all set up for placement and began in 1926. This project was completed in 1931 but was completely destroyed by a cyclonic storm.
1798
1867
BALEARIC SEA
1921
1980
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1980
In 1980, royal decree integrated the ports of Sagunto, Gandia and Valencia to form the Valenciaport. It is managed by the Valencia Port Authority. At this point in time the city had diverted the river to a new location to prevent it from ďŹ&#x201A;ooding again.
PORT DEVELOPMENT 1992
The Ports Act changed name from Autonomous Port of Valencia to Port Authority of Valencia in 1992. Little had changed from 1980 but development was being and terminals and docks started growing.
began to take shape riding the original river all together, adding more terminal and docking space, and adding the marina. This helped the port to become Spain’s 2nd second busiest cargo port and largest container port.
2004
2017
In 2004 Valencia developed a system of environmental indicators for ports and began work to join the Environmental Management System. More terminals were added as well.
2007
The port received validation and verification of environmental declaration and received the EcoExcellence Award in 2008. Valencia became an official member of the EMAS (environmental management system). At this time the port really
The strategy since 2010 has been to create a mixed hub model to add value. A major investment to improve the port has been underway and the port authority states, “today’s demands have shifted from port infrastructure to reliability, economic self-sufficiency and environmental sustainability.”
1992
2004
2007
2017
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PRESENT DAY DEVELOPMENT 1.CRUISE QUAYS
4.REDESIGNING TERMINALS
2.BREAKWATER CONSTRUCTION
5.EXTENSION OF RAIL TRACKS
3.NEW LIGHTHOUSE
6.NEW DOCK
Three main units were created to house the growing number of cruise ships docking in Valencia. A service area as well as pick-up area for passengers was also added in this project. In an effort to better support the container and cruise industry an effort was made to strengthen the Breakwater. This will also enable the future construction of 1 cruise terminal and 1 container terminal. The newly designed breakwaters made it necessary to build a new lighthouse. It is 32 meters high and visible from within 25 nautical miles. It was entirely built with composite materials which was a first of its kind.
This project included the incorporation of roundabouts to the terminals. This design freed up space for rail tracks to be laid in the future. An anti- noise screen was also added. This project was designed to increase the abilities of operations to have more flexibility. It called for an increase in the length of track as well as a new lay-out. It made it necessary to improve some road traffic as well.
4.EXPANSION OF MSC TERMINAL
Designed to extend the storage area for the MSC terminal East. This project includes construction of a new Breakwater, with berm and protected by natural rockfill. It includes longitudinal and transverse crane rails and service networks for voltage, lighting, fire, teleprocess, and drainage.
This 4 building project houses offices, a control tower, storage and workshops. The buildings are located in front of the quays and berthing jetties. They are equipped with lightning rods, cold water, solar heated water, ventilation, sanitation.
1
1
INTERIOR DOCK
2
4
2
3
5 RAISED DOCK
NORTH DOCK
TURIA DOCK
3
6 EAST DOCK
7 SOUTH DOCK
4
5
6
7
BALEARIC SEA
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PORT ACTIVTIES DISTRIBUTION AND ZONING
Port authority of Valencia is not only responsible for Valencia but also 2 other state owned ports, Gandia and Sagunto. Valencia controls a vast majority of the products going in and out of the port. After Spain joined the EU the port had to alter due to state laws transitioning it from a public service port to the current “landlord port.” Basic port services remain directly provided by the Port Authority. Other port services are regulated and managed by private companies under authorization or concession regimes; these services include dredging, mooring, towage, pilotage, terminal operations, and stowage. As of now the port of Valencia counts with three equipped container terminals which are MSC terminal, TCV and Noatum with Noatum handling the largest amount of container traffic. Dedicated terminals contracts may boost integration
advantage for shipping companies. This regulation has more to do with the current shape of the port model than market trends. Opening port services helps the port to facilitate more competitive prices and quality to global shipping companies and Valencia traffics almost any type of product. Overall, it has a positive effect on Valencia giving 19,800 people employment and bringing in 1,740 million euros in revenue.
MAJOR TERMINALS TRANSPORTATION STORAGE GENERAL FACILITY BUILDING AUTOMOBLIE STORAGE STORAGE TANKS CONTAINER STORAGE ROYAL MARINA PASSENGER TERMINALS TERMINALS AND COMMERICAL OFFICAL AND SERVICE BUILDINGS
PORT DISTRIBUTION 2016
SAGUNTO GANDIA VALENCIA
VESSEL TYPE 2016
TCV
MERCHANT VESSELS TANKERS BULK CARRIERS GENERAL CARGO
MSC
ONLY GOODS PASSENGERS CRUISE CONTAINERSHIPS
GOODS DISTRIBUTED 2016
NOATUM
BALEARIC SEA
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FERTILIZERS NON-METALLIC IRON STEEL ENERGY CHEMICAL PRODUCTS PRODUCTS
BUILDING MATERIALS AGRICULTURE OTHER VEHICLES
PREVIOUS PROPOSALS THE IDEA
The America’s Cup, The Formula 1 World Championship Race and a visit from Pope John Paul II were the events that would lead the showcase of the new urban space in Valencia. The GRAO Masterplan was an intervention for the city. It’s purpose was to create an architectural contest designed at connecting the old city and the green spaces with the seaside. Jean Nouvel and GPM won the architectural contest. Thomas Llavador would be in charge of mixing the two plans to create the overall design and development of Valencia in the 2000. The masterplan called for a Green Delta. This is a vast open space that would serve as a permanent landscape. Mixed within this green space were high density buildings in which the Formula 1 circuit would travel. The new urban center would be focused on developing the waterfront with low
density traffic more accessible to pedestrians and bicycle traffic. The new buildings would be dispersed in order to create blurred lines between the green space and the city. There are residential areas, singular building areas and new non-residential and public equipment programs. This design of mixed uses is a priority in an effort to link, housing, work and play in the modern era.
HIGHRISE BUILDINGS WITH GREEN DELTA
ABANDONED STREET CIRCUIT
LESSON LEARNED
Valencia is at a standstill! Rocked by an economic crisis and a poor analysis of city needs, Valencia stands frozen in time. Heavily in debt and abandoned, the city was unable to maintain many of its sought after events. The Formula 1 Grand Prix has not returned since 2012. The America’s Cup was only held in Valencia in 2007 and 2010. The Marina’s stand abandoned. Major
48
buildings attract tourist but the cost and budget overruns have made them a drain on the city budget. Many are now left unfinished, or in need of major repairs that the city can not afford to address. A prime example of this is the Valencia CF stadium. The lesson learned from the Valencia 2000 urban model are simplistic. Design for the locals not the outsiders. Furthermore, plan for the long-term. A realistic urban model must consider all political, economic and environmental changes that can occur during any long term renovation projects. GRAU AREA ROYAL MARINA EXISTING GREEN SPACE
GRAO MASTER PLAN
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50
CHAPTER FOUR: ZONING AND PROGRAM USE
51
ZONING POBLATS MARITIMS (2015) Our site in the Poblats Maritims district has a wide variety of zoning. Much of the site falls under a general “tertiary” zoning category as this area is continually growing and expanding, but in-land we see that there is a vast amount of parks, green space, and open lots. There is a large amount of housing on the east under a protected historic zone. This area labelled “CHP - Zone 2” is more commonly known as the historic Barrio de El Cabanyal or “fisherman’s quarter,” a historic center to the Poblats Maritims.
CHP - ZONE 2// HISTORIC PROTECTION ZONE GRAO - CABANAYAL ENS// ENSANCHE (EXPANSION)
EDA// EDIFICACION ABIERTA (OPEN BUILDING) POB// POBLATS - RESIDENTIAL UNITARIO (POBLATS - RESIDENTIAL UNITS) EDA - TER// EDIFICACION ABIERTA USO MIXTO (MIXED USE - OPEN BUILDING) TER// TER TERCIARIO** (TERTIARY - THIRD)** ITR// INFRASTRUCTURAS DE TRANSPORTE (TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE) PRD - PAT - PAD// DOTACIONES PUBLICAS (PUBLIC FACILITIES) PNL - PQL - PJL// PARQUES (PARKS) PID// INFRASTRUCTURAS (INFRASTRUCTURE)
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ZONING DOMINANT USE Also included in our research was the identification of dominant use with-in the Poblats Maritims district. Not to be confused with district zoning, the predominant use helped us identify the uses on each plot. An expansive portion of the area studied is allocated for the port authority of Valencia and the transport that happens here. Another crucial portion of the area studied is the Historic Barrio de El Cabanyal. The area has been listed by the World Monuments Fund in the “2012 World Heritage List in Danger“ as “in danger of extinction.” Rapid progress and development threatened the existence of the historic district until recently. New initiatives are being put in place to promote reconstruction and sustainability within El Cabanyal and Poblats Maritims.
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
PUBLIC GREEN LOT
PRIVATE GREEN LOT
PORT STRUCTURES/ PORT COMMERCIAL PORT TRANSPORT
INSTITUTIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE/ SERVICE FACILITIES
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ZONING GLOSSARY CHP (Protected Historic Set of the Cabnayal Expansion)
EDA (Edificaion Abierta -
EDA/ TER (Edificaion Abierta
The Protected Historical Set Zone consists of the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. It covers those areas that have served as a source for the formation of urban centers (Ciutat Vella, Poblats Marítims, ...) I.e.: CHP-1: Ciutat Vella CHP-2: Grao-Cabanyal CHP-3:Poblats and Pobles del Nord, the South and the West - Dominant use of the CHP zone is multi-family residential. - The minimum area of building plots shall be 60 square meters. - Front building height is to be no more than 16 meters in height.
The Open Building Zone is constituted by the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. The global or dominant use of this area is the Multi-Family Residential. This Zone prohibits Tco. 2 and 3, Camps (Tho.2), Recreational facilities for more than 1500 people (Tre.4)**, Industrial and Warehouses (Ind. 2 and 3, and Alm. 2 and 3), Appropriations, and Car Parks. - The minimum plot area will be 200 m2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 12 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 2.90m(Np)
The Tertiary Zone (Ter. 4) is constituted by the set of areas expressly written with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification, and, if applicable, in Plan C. The global or dominant use of this area is Tertiary. - The minimum plot area will be 200 m2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 10 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 4m(Np) (Np limited to 2 floors) - Coefficient of Occupancy: 30% of plot size
ENS (Ensanche - Expansion)
TER (Terciario - Tertiary)
Setbacks
The Area of Ensanche is constituted by the set of areas expressly graphed with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification. The global or dominant use of this Zone is Multi-Family Residential. This zone prohibits Tco.2, Ind. 2 and 3, Alm. 1, 2 and 3, Appropriations, and Car Parks. - The minimum area of building plot will be 100 square meters. - The shape of the plot shall be such that an 8 x 10 rectangle meters whose smaller side coincides with the outer alignment, and its lateral borders do not form an angle of less than 80 sexagesimal degrees with the outer alignment. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 4.8m + 2.9m(Np)
The Tertiary Zone is constituted by the set of areas expressly written with this title in Plan B of Land Qualification, and, if applicable, in Plan C. The dominant use of this area is Tertiary. - The minimum plot area will be 200 m2. However, those parcels on which exempt (generally built) blocks are written in the Plan C with surface less than 200 square meters will be considered buildable. - Each and every one of its fronts shall be at least 10 meters high. - Maximum Building Height Hc = 5.30m + 4m(Np) - Coefficient of Occupancy: 50% of plot size
In land use, a setback is the distance which a building or other structure is set back from a street or road, a river or other stream, a shore or flood plain, or any other place which is deemed to need protection.
** If building between two protected buildings, maximum heights is defined by the lower of the two buildings.
Open Building)
** Variances between Tertiary Uses. Reference pages 114-120 of the Normas Urbanisticas for more information on different Tertiary zones.
Uso Mixto - Open, Mixed Use Building)
** Variances between Tertiary Uses. Reference pages 114-120 of the Normas Urbanisticas for more information on different Tertiary zones.
Building Height Building height is defined by the cornice of the structure when applicable or in the instance there is not a cornice, the eave of the roof is the maximum height. Maximum height can be calculated with this formula: Hc = “X”-meters + “X”meters(Np) Hc = Cornice Height Np = Number of Floors
54
PRD/ PAT/ PAD (Privado
PNL/ PQL (Parques/ Jardines Urbanos - Parks/ Urban Gardens)
PID (Infrastructuras - Infrastructure)
Sports Facilities(Dep), Care Facilities (Dsa), and Administrative Institutions (Dad) are classified under Title Seven, Chapter One, Article 7.8 Supplementary Use (D).
Preservation: Article 3.81. - Catalog of Gardens and Trees. The General Plan contains a Catalog of Protection of Gardens and Trees, whose purpose is to preserve the historical heritage of the city and the aesthetic values of the present design in certain landscaped areas. Article 3.82 1. - A list of protected treeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s can be found on page 44 of the Normas Urbanisticas. 3. - Gardens who express special artistic value with vegetation and architectural elements must maintain their typological or environmental conditions.
Establishes the indicative layout of the network of sanitation infrastructures and supplies. The Plan or Special Plans formulated for these areas may, in addition to cover the stated purposes, qualify soil for public uses, regulate and, where appropriate, protect agricultural land use and provide for infrastructure and services necessary for the population. Infrastructure protection zone is divided into: - PI-1 Protection and reservation of the road network. - PI-2 Protection and reservation of the railway network. - PI-3 Protection of livestock roads. - PI-4 Protection of the water supply network. - PI-5 Protection of processing centers and power lines. - PI-6 Protection of pipelines and pipelines. - PI-7 Protection of the constituent areas of the hydraulic public domain. PI-8 Protection of the coastal
Dotaciones - Private Endowments)
Use of Community Equipment : - Sport Use (Dep) : includes activities intended for the practice,teaching or sport exhibition. - Sanitary Use (Dsa) : includes activities aimed at providing assistance and provision of medical or surgical services, other than those provided in offices. - Administrative Use (Dad) : includes the activities of the service officials of the public administrations, as well as those of their organizations. The activities carried out are excluded, in the municipality buildings. ** The institutions provided in this section are noted as private facilities which may classify under their own rules.
Special Conditions: Chapter 11, Article 6.76 - In free spaces of more than 1,000 m2 the installation of service spaces, with a maximum constructed service lot of 20 m2 per unit, will be permitted. In addition, Open air sports facilities will be allowed up to 70% of a lot of 10,000 m2 or greater. 200 m2 will be permitted for enclosed service space.
55
The city of Valencia is divided into a northern and southern area. The city center is located on the head of the river. most urban development has extended along with the river. and reachs the harbor area. The density of the comminity extended from the central of the city to the river and sea. The density of population is large and blocks of apartments are everywhere. They inter
MASS AND VOID GROWING COMMUNITY The city of Valencia is divided into a northern and southern area. The city center is located centrally along the river. Most urban development has extended along with the river. and reaches the harbor area. The density of the community extended from the central of the city to the river and sea. The density of population congregates in large blocks of apartment buildings spread throughout the city.
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PROGRAM USE PROGRAM MIX BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOODS
PARKS
As we can see, the zoning breakdonw of the city gives good insight and better understanding about the city. The centralized core of the city is populated with rensidential and commercial mix used programs. The intertwined with each other.
HISTORICAL
The city has two metropolitian parks that loacted on the dried-up river bed. Along with those areas are accessible shopping center and residential & commercial mix used programs.
INDUSTRIAL
RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL
LOCAL EDUCATION BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE RECREATIONAL
57
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CHAPTER FIVE: URBAN VALENCIA
59
VALENCIA GREEN SPACE MOVING THE TURIA
A SPACE FOR THE CITY
After the Great Flood of Valencia in 1957, the city set out to split the Turia river that cuts through the heart of the city to prevent future flooding. To do this, a canal was dug to the south of the city to take the bulk of floodwaters to the Balearic Sea. Since the canals construction, the city has adverted many potentially disatrous floods.
Once the Turia was diverted the city was left with a long band of empty space within the city. Rather than selling the land to developers, Valencia chose to utilize the riverbed as a public space. Today the Parc de Cabecera hosts a variety activities including baseball, soccer, and cycling races.
PARC DE CABECERA SECONDARY GREEN SPACE RIO GUADALAVIAR PUBLIC BEACHES POBLATS MARITIMS
BALEARIC SEA
60
POBLATS MARITIMS GREEN SPACE PLAYA DEL CABANYAL
A GREEN BUFFER
The beaches to the north of Valencia’s harbor are one of the last surviving public beaches of the city. As the harbor has expanded, much of the original coastline has disappeared. This gives our site in Poblats Maritims a great deal of social value as it’s the established place to interact with the water.
Between the recreational marina and the industrial harbor, the city of Valencia has built a buffer of green spaces that help to soften the interaction between the two. This strategy allows for visitors of Poblats Maritims to see the industrial area without feeling as if they are occupying them.
GREEN SPACE SECONDARY GREEN SPACE BUILDING MASSES POBLATS MARITIMS
3 BALEARIC SEA
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POBLATS MARITIMS BUILDING HEIGHTS HISTORICAL OUTLIERS
9 FLOORS
When comparing building heights within the area surrounding Poblats Maritims, one will find alot of variation block to block. However, there are a few patterns that stick out. The buildings near the historical center of the Cabanyal are much lower than the majority of surrounding buildings, and coincidentally the area under threat of destruction from the city. In an effort to protect the area, reidents and advocates have enlisted the help of the World Monuments Fund who recognized the area as historically significant.
1 FLOOR POBLATS MARITIMS
BALEARIC SEA
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NAUTICAL TRAFFIC OF THE BALEARIC SEA LEISURE PATTERNS
SHIPPING PATTERNS
The harbors of Valencia are a vital resource for the Balearic Sea as well the islands of Ibiza, Mallorca, and Menorca. These islands host over 12 million visitors each year; many of whom depart the mainland Spain from Valencia. This relationship between the city and the Balearic Islands makes leisure oriented docks and sailing clubs very important. Poblats Maritims is well positioned to fufill this role.
Valencia is home to the 5th most active industrial port in Europe, and processes over 4.4 million containers of goods each year. Ships from as far as Italy, Turkey, and Russia find the city’s port to be their final stop as it is the westernmost point in the Mediterranean Sea. This vital resource has shaped the history of the city since its founding. Zadinsky, Peter. “Mobility and Transport.” Mobility and Transport, European Commission, 19 Jan. 2016, ec.europa.eu/transpor t/modes/ maritime/ports/ports_en.
BARCELONA TARRAGONA
MALLORCA
IBIZA VALENCIA
63
BALEARIC SEA
POPULATION DENSITY 790,201 (2016)
In 2014, Valencia’s population was aproximately 786,400, which is 1.7% of Spain’s total population. Between 2011-2014 there was a decrease in population of -.24% per year. If this trend continues by 2017, Valencia’s population will be closer to 780,834. 0 - 500 500 - 2,000 2,000 - 10,000 10,000 - 30,000 30,000 - 330,500 PEOPLE PER SQUARE KILOMETER
BALEARIC SEA
64
AVERAGE INCOME COST OF LIVING
MAXIMUM PER MONTH: 12,000 €
To live in Valencia, a four-person family per month costs: 1,938.81 €, not including rent.
AVERAGE PER MONTH: 2,990 € MEDIAN PER MONTH: 2,330 €
For a single person, monthly costs: 546.64 €, not including rent.
MINIMUM PER MONTH: 810 €
0 - 6,900 6,900 - 11,400 11,400 - 20,500 20,500 - 29,500 29,500 - 57,000 HOUSEHOLE INCOME PER YEAR (€)
BALEARIC SEA
65
EXPAT POPULATION 16.3% OF THE WHOLE CITY’S POPULATION IS FOREIGN. The 3 most represented European nationalities are: • Romanians (12,500) • Italians (6,000) • Bulgarians (3,500)
0 - 6.21% 6.21% - 9.38% 9.38% - 11.04% 12.45% - 13.33% 13.33% - 15.11% PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION
BALEARIC SEA
66
67
68
CHAPTER SIX: DISTRICT CHARACTER
69
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - POBLATS MARITIMS 1 AMERICA CUP BUILDING • Locally known as “Veles e Vents” named after a poem by Ausias March in the 15th century, regarding the strength of the winds. 2 MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS • Part of the Port of Valencia, this northern marina is ideal for boats and mega yachts. • Proximity to activities and world wide compitetions make this marina area very popular.
1
AMERICA CUP BUILDING
3 HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS • A luxury beachfront hotel with classical columns has a lobby bar, a refined brewery, two outdoor pools, a fitness room and a spa. 4 PLAYA DEL CABANYAL • The beach attracts a large number of people both in the summer and during the rest of the year. 5 BEACH PROMENADE • A leisure walkway along Playa del Cabanyal towards the north it becomes more of the beach itself into Playa del Malvarossa.
2
6
BOAT FOUNTAIN
MARINA REAL JUAN CARLOS
6 BOAT FOUNTAIN • Located near Playa del Malvarossa, this sculpture uses water to mimic the form of a traditional sailboat. 7 HISTORIC HOUSING • A protected historical residential community, that previously was made as a fisherman’s village, now supports many families that identify as Gypsies.
3
HOTEL BALNEARIO LAS ARENAS
7
HISTORIC HOUSING
4
PLAYA DEL CABANYAL
8
EL CLOT “THE HOLE”
5
BEACH PROMENADE
9
PANORAMA RESTAURANTE
8 EL CLOT “THE HOLE” • The extension of Ave. de Blasco Ibanez would destroy nearly 500 homes. An important building to recognize in this condition is El Clot (the hole). 9 PANORAMA RESTAURANT • Located on the north breakwater of Juan Carlos this restaurant has panoramic views of Playa del Cabanyal.
70
BALEARIC SEA
ALGIROS
EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA
6 7
4
8 5
Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE
3 CAMINS AL GRAU 9 1
QUATRE CARRERES
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2
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - QUATRE CARRERES 1 OCEANOGRAFIC • Largest aquariam in Europe and represents the world’s marine ecosystem. 2 SANTIAGO CALTRAVA • Santiago Caltrava is a Spanish Architect, Structural Engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges. 3 THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES • Designed as an entertainment and cultural based architectural complex for all to enjoy.
1
OCEANOGRAFIC
5
HEMISFERIC IMAX
6
PALAU DE LES ARTS REINA SOFIA
4 UMBRACLE • L’Umbracle is a sculpture garden and landscaped walk with plant species indegienous to Valencia. 5 HEMISFERIC IMAX • One of the largest halls in Spain with special IMAX screenings of nature. 6 PALAU DE LES ARTS REINA SOFIA • An opera house and cultural center designed with dual intention, a multi-hall auditorium and an urban landmark. 7 MUSEU DE LAS CIENCIES PRINCIPE FELIPE 8 • A 21st century science museum with interactive exhibits and an entertaining form. • The main objective was to stimulate curiousity and encourage critical thinking.
2
THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
7
MUSEU DE LAS CIENCIES
8
MUSEU DE LAS CIENCIES
9 PARROQUIA DE LA PURISMA CONCEPCION • The juxtaposition of Caltrava’s Agora and Assut de l Or Bridge in the background while a historic church is in the foreground.
3
4
THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
9
UBRACLE
72
PARROQUIA DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION
BALEARIC SEA
ALGIROS
EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA
POBLATS MARITIMS Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE
CAMINS AL GRAU
6
8 5
7 4
3
2 1
9
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NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - L’EIXAMPLE 1 PLAZA DE TOROS DE VALENCIA • Corrida, “bull fighting” is a deeply traditional event often linked to religious dates and festivals. 2 RUZAFA • Ruzafa is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of L’Eixample. • The district has been undergoing large scale gentrification, improvements of sidewalks, and support for small businesses all support the increase of rent, developing the a different social fabric than what was there previously.
1
PLAZA DE TOROS DE VALENCIA
3 FAMOUS TAPAS STREETS • Carrer del Literat Azorin and Carrer de Sueca have many options for fabulous tapas.
5
BUILDING GRID
4 MERCAT DE RUZAFA • A multicolored retro-chic building and a great example of Mediterranean Brutalism dating back to 1957. 5 BUILDING GRID • Unique elements that distinguish L’Eixample from Valencia’s other districts is the strict building grid that is followed throughout most of the district.
2
RUZAFA
6 MERCADO DE COLON EXTERIOR 7 • An iconic building from 1916. • Formaly a market, now a hub for exquisite dining and shopping.
6
3
FAMOUS TAPAS STREETS
4
MERCAT DE RUZAFA
7
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MERCADO DE COLON
MERCADO DE COLON
BALEARIC SEA
ALGIROS
EL PLA DEL REAL
CA
RR
ER
CO
LO N
CIUTAT VELLA
6
7 RIV
CAMINS AL GRAU
IA
TUR
5
2
POBLATS MARITIMS
ER
1
4 3
QUATRE CARRERES
75
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - ALGIROS 1 PLAZA XUQUER • Located near the universities, this plaza becomes vibrant with student activity during both days and nights. 2 BELLAS ARTES POLITECNICA • On the UPV campus this curved building creates a courtyard and houses the degree of fine arts. 5 UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA 6 • Areas surrounding university campuses often develop a charcter of young and innovative buildings, shops, and squares. New developements use squares, plazas, and gardens in a similar way of the more historical areas of Valencia.
1
PLAZA XUQUER
3
UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA
2
BELLAS ARTES POLITECNICO
4
UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA
5
AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ
3 AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ • An urban plan has been developed that identifies Blasco Ibanez as a major corridor from the city centre to the coast. This development had surely created an impact on this area. 4 IBMCP RESEARCH INSTITUTE • The Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology mainly focuses on scientific research on plant development as well as offers educational training.
6
IBMCP RESEARCH INSTITUTE
76
BALEARIC SEA
3
5
6
EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA
4
2 1
POBLATS MARITIMS CAMINS AL GRAU
QUATRE CARRERES
77
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - EL PLA DEL REAL 1 ESTADIO DE MESTALLA VALENCIA CF • Home ground of Valencia Clud de Futbol with a capacity of 49,500 seats. 2 JARDINES DE MONFORTE • A lesser known compact city garden with 3 various plant lifes, abundant marble statues, ponds, and fountains. • Recognized as a Neoclassical style garden with a small palace. 4 AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ • The proximity to the city centre and with Aragon Avenue and Blasco Ibanez being important arterial roads, help el Pla del Real become a hotspot of entertainment and activity.
1
ESTADIO DE MESTALLA VALENCIA CF
5 UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA • A good neighborhood for students, close to University of Valencia, a variety of housing, both aged and new construction. 6 PALAU DE LA MUSICA • Located in the old riverbed of Turia. • Constructed in 1987 and has become one of the examples of the modern architecture movement in Valencia.
2
JARDINES DE MONFORTE
3
JARDINES DE MONFORTE
4
AV. DE BLASCO IBANEZ
5
UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA
6
PALAU DE LA MUSICA
78
BALEARIC SEA
ALGIROS
5 4 2
3
AV. DE
BLA
SCO
IBAN
EZ
RIA
TU
AV. D ’A
ER
RAG
RIV
O
1
CIUTAT VELLA
L’EIXAMPLE
POBLATS MARITIMS
6 CAMINS AL GRAU
QUATRE CARRERES
79
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - CAMINS AL GRAU 1 PARQUE GULLIVER • In Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver is a giant 2 that is tied down by fearful Lilliputians who then proceed to climb all over him in an attempt to subdue the giant. • Gulliver’s body morphs into slides, ramps, stairs, and caves. 4 CARRER DEL DR MANUEL CANDELA • Similar to Av. de Blasco Ibanez, this road has been also developed, on a smaller scale, as a green pedestrian friendly arterial road.
1
PARQUE GULLIVER
2
PARQUE GULLIVER
4
APARTMENT BUILDINGS
5
JARDIN DE AYORA
6
MARITIM - SERRERIA (METRO STOP)
3 APARTMENT BUILDINGS • Camins al Grau seems to be a congregation of newly developed, primarily residential buildings. 5 JARDIN DE AYORA • A residential and quiet area, quite close to the university. • Serves as a meeting point for residents in the area, especially for families with children who like to go play. • During the weekends, squares and streets become crowded with students enjoying the local nightlife. 6 MARITIM - SERRERIA (METRO STOP) • If traveling from Valencia to the beach this is the last metro stop before needing to transfer to a light rail, bus, or walk the rest of the way.
3
CARRER DEL DR MANUEL CANDELA
80
BALEARIC SEA
ALGIROS
EL PLA DEL REAL CIUTAT VELLA
RIV
4
ER
POBLATS MARITIMS
TUR
6
IA
Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE
5
3
1
2
QUATRE CARRERES
81
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTER - CIUTAT VELLA 1 MERCADO CENTRAL • Designed in 1914. 2 • More than 1,000 selling posts: fresh fish, vegetables, meats, fruits, etc. 3 PLAZA REDONDA • Constructed in 1840, restored in 2012, interior is surrounded by traditional craft shops and tapas bars 4 PLAZA DEL AYUNTAMIENTO • “Town Hall Square” • This grandiose plaza makes a good starting point from which to visit the city. 5 LAS FALLAS (March 15th - 19th) • A fiesta honoring San Jose, the patron saint of carpenters. • Large satirical wooden frame are constructed and then burned during the festivities of “la cremà.”
1 2
MERCADO CENTRAL
6 CATEDRAL DE VALENCIA • Some traditions and documents support the theory that the Holy Chalice on display is infact the “Holy Grail.” 7 PLAZA DE LA VIRGEN • Bounded by 3 of Valencia’s most emblematic buildings, Cathedral of Santa Maria, the Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados, and the Palace of the Generalitat.
3
6
PLAZA REDONDA
8 TORRES DE QUART • A part of the old Christian city wall from 15th century and some bombardments from France’s siege of the city in 1808 can still be seen.
7
CATEDRAL DE VALENCIA
PLAZA DE LA VIRGEN
9 EL CARMEN STREET ART • Provides a vibrant mix of color to the old town flare.
4
5
PLAZA DEL AYUNTAMIENTO
LAS FALLAS
82
8
TORRES DE QUART
9
EL CARMEN STREET ART
BALEARIC SEA
ALGIROS 9 EL PLA DEL REAL
8 7
4 8
7 6 1 3
CO ER
5
LO N
6 4
RR
3 2
CA
2 1
RIV
POBLATS MARITIMS
ER IA
TUR
Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;EIXAMPLE
CAMINS AL GRAU
QUATRE CARRERES
83
84
CHAPTER SEVEN: TRANSPORTATION
85
REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION REGIONAL RAILWAY
The rail transportation of Spain operates according to type of rail. As of 2002, Spain had a total of 10,000 miles of rail line. The two primary railways are the main lines and the high speed lines. The first main line was built in 1848 between Barcelona and Mataro. By 1864 the rail reached France. The last steam engine was withdrawn in 1975 and in the year 1992 the first high speed line opened. This began the process of building a nationwide high-speed network allowing for more efficient traveling throughout the country.
The new high speed rail is run via electrification. The Spanish government intends to link all provincial capitals with the high speed rail by the year 2020. There will be an estimated total length of approximately 6,000 miles of rail. This new rail is known as the AVE. This train has a top speed of 193 mph. With its current length of 2,000 miles, this is the longest high speed rail in Europe. This rail can cover the 240 mile distance between Valencia and Madrid in 1 hour and 40 minutes.
MAIN TRAIN LINE HIGH SPEED TRAIN LINE
REGIONAL RAIL
BARCELONA
MADRID
BALEARIC SEA
VALENCIA
TORREVIEJA
86 CARTAGENA
REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION ROADWAYS
MAJOR ROADWAY
The motorways around Valencia are similar to the railway as they offer regional transportation in and out of the city. There are 3 primary directions that these highways head. One travels north along the coast extending a direct route all the way to Barcelona. Another follows the coast south traveling through the neighboring city of Alicante. And the third heads west, eventually making its way to Madrid. These motorways condense down upon entering the city center.
REGIONAL ROADWAY
AP-2
E-90 E-5
BARCELONA
E-901
E-90
A-6
A-23
MADRID
E-15
BALEARIC SEA
E-90
E-901
E-5
E-903
VALENCIA
E-903
E-15
E-903 E-903
E-5 A-30
TORREVIEJA
E-15
E-5
E-15
87 A-91
E-15
CARTAGENA
REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION SEA ROUTES Spain has several seaports located along the coast in most cities both large and small. Shown is the small port of Torrevieja, the medium ports of Cartagena, Alicante, and Valencia, and the Large port of Barcelona. Although its medium size, the port of Valencia is the 5th busiest in all of Europe. It has an annual traffic capacity of 57 million tons of cargo. This port employs 15,000 people that provide services to the ships. 70% of the ports traffic consist of iron and steel products.
INTERNATIONAL SEA ROUTE REGIONAL SEA ROUTE SEA PORT
VALENCIA COMMERCIAL PORT
BARCELONA
MADRID
Port d’Alcúdia
VALENCIA Palma Sant Antoni de Portmany
Ibiza Es Pujols
TORREVIEJA
88 CARTAGENA
REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION REGIONAL TRANSIT MAIN TRAIN LINE
When compiled together Spain becomes a well connected country with many efficient means of transportation between both major and minor cities. Throughout the countries history the methods of traveling have evolved to allow convenient travel in ways unimaginable only a couple hundred of years before.
HIGH SPEED TRAIN LINE MAJOR ROADWAY INTERNATIONAL SEA ROUTE REGIONAL SEA ROUTE SEA PORT
BARCELONA
MADRID
Port d’Alcúdia
VALENCIA Palma Sant Antoni de Portmany Ibiza Es Pujols
TORREVIEJA
89 CARTAGENA
VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION METRO LINES
The metro is a modern combination of suburban and regional railways. It crosses through the city of Valencia as well the distant suburbs. There are also destinations on the line that function as commuter trains. This system combines light railway, metro, and a tram line that operates to the north of the city center. The system has a total distance of 100 miles. There are 6 metro lines and 3 tram lines. These lines have a total of 137 stations, 102 surface, and 35 underground. The annual ridership is approximately 63 million.
Valencia was the first city in Spain to use this modern mode of transportation. Many of these original lines reused the cities older railway. In 2003 line 5 was opened. A year later line 6 had began and later opened in 2007. In 2010, much of line 4 was replaced with underground lines and stations. In 2015 further modifications were made to the lines and the overall metro map was redrawn. Several of the branches split increasing the total number of lines 9.
90
ABOVE GROUND METRO 1 BELOW GROUND METRO ABOVE GROUND METRO 3 & 5 BELOW GROUND METRO ABOVE GROUND METRO 2 & 7 BELOW GROUND METRO METRO STOP TRANSIT TRANSFER
VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION RAILWAY LINES
BELOW GROUND TRAIN LINE
The railway of Valencia is predominately used as a regional transport to and from the city. In the earlier history of the city, the rail ran through many areas of the city but was later reestablished into the metro. The AVE which are highspeed trains traveling from Madrid and other long-distance locations, all connect at the North Station, which is the main railway station in Valencia. It is located in the city center. Here this station has connections with Metrovalencia lines 3 and 5 as well as the city bus network.
TRAIN LINE TRAIN LINE STOP
NORTH STATION
NORTH STATION
TRANSIT TRANSFER
91
VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION TRAM LINES TRAM LINE 4 & 6
The Valencia tram is an overhead tram which is part of the metro system. The nearest stop in the city is at Pont de Fusta. This is opposite Torres de Serranos. The tram has been open since 1994 and has 10 miles of track. There are 33 stops in total. Line 6 and 8 of the tramway are currently underway to extending the tram route throughout the city center of Valencia.
TRAM LINE STOP FUTURE TRAM LINE VALENCIA TRAM
BELOW GROUND FUTURE TRAM TRANSIT TRANSFER
92
VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION FERRY ROUTES FERRY ROUTE
The Valencia ferry port is served with a number of ferry routes with crossings to Ibiza, Mostaganem, and Mohon. The sailing durations range from 3 hours to Ibiza and up to 15 hours on the Mostaganem service. There are a selection of up to 40 sailings per week. The sailing schedule is dependent on time of year.
FERRY PORT
VALENCIA FERRY PORT
93
VALENCIA TRANSPORTATION REGIONAL VALENCIA
The composition of rail, metro, tram, and bus makes Valencia a well connected city allowing for a suburban network connecting all parts of the city in an efficient and effective way. The public transportation produces a sustainable and walkable city that improves the overall efficiency of the city as well adding to the success of the city planning as a whole.
ABOVE GROUND METRO 1 BELOW GROUND METRO ABOVE GROUND METRO 3 & 5
TRAM LINE TRAM LINE STOP
BELOW GROUND METRO
FUTURE TRAM LINE
ABOVE GROUND METRO 2 & 7
BELOW GROUND FUTURE TRAM
BELOW GROUND METRO METRO STOP
TRANSIT TRANSFER FERRY ROUTE
TRAIN LINE TRAIN LINE STOP
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FERRY PORT
VALENCIA BIKE TRANSIT VALENBISI BIKES
Valencia has made an active effort to establish the city as a biking city. An extensive network of bike paths connects the majority of the city and allows for easy access from a variety of different regions of Valencia. A prominent feature of the bike path network is the Valenbisi program, which is a city-wide bike sharing program aimed at making moving through the city even easier. Valencia offers a total of 2,750 bicycles distributed at 275 stations throughout the city. Bike sharing stations are equipped with a terminal
to log, select an available bicycle, and remove it from the stand. The stations are networked to allow the hiring of a bicycle in any station of the city and return it in another. The stations are located around 300 to 400 meters apart from one another with many placed next to public transport stops to allow for inter-modal use. Each station has between 15 and 30 parking slots for bicycles. Use of the system is based on a yearly membership with users receiving a Valenbisi member card.
95
BIKE PATH BIKE SHARING POINT
VALENCIA TRAVEL TIMES FROM ESTACIO DEL NORD
Estacio Del Nord is the main railway station in Valencia and it represents a major intersection point of the city’s primary public transit systems. It was opened on March 21, 1852 and has served the city and the region since. The station is located at the city centre and offers connections with lines 3 and 5 of Metrovalencia as well as connections to the EMT city bus network. There are ten different tracks within the station and it serves as a primary transfer point for regional trains. Due to its incredibly high volume of passengers and its
central location, Estacio Del Nord serves as the starting point for many visitor’s journey through the city. Because of the easy walk-ability of the city, much of the city centre can be reached within a thirty minute walk of the train station. The Central Market of Valencia at the heart of the city is only a 10 minute walk while the Torres de Serranos north of the city center is 20 minutes from Estacio Del Nord by foot.
ESTACIO DEL NORD
10 MIN.
96
20 MIN.
30 MIN.
ESTACIO DEL NORD 10 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE 20 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE 30 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE ESTACIO DEL NORD
VALENCIA TRAVEL TIMES FROM EACH METRO STOP
While the majority of the city centre is easily walkable within a half hour distance from Estacio Del Nord, Metrovalencia extends far beyond the city centre of Valencia into the suburbs that surround the city. Metro stops are densely packed within the city centre of Valencia and provide quick access to the majority of central Valencia. Beyond the extents of the thirty minute walking radius of the Estacio Del Nord, the metro system continues to serve the broader city with two lines extending north, one to the west, one to the east towards
the Poblats Maritims and one to the south. The southeast corner of Valencia is the only region of the city under served by the metro system. While the extensive EMT bus network does provide access to this region, it is not as connected as the remainder of the city. Much of Valencia falls within the 10 minute walking radius of a metro stop and the area to the north of the city centre is also served by the tram to further connect the city and supplement the shortage of metro stops.
10 MIN.
97
20 MIN.
30 MIN.
BELOW GROUND METRO LINE ABOVE GROUND METRO LINE METRO STOP 10 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE
POBLATS MARITIMS TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC TRANSIT There is an extensive network of public transit within the Poblats Maritims district and it is heavily trafficked by people making their way to the large public beach, Playa Del Cabanyal. Most prominently, the 5 and 7 metro terminate here at the Maritim - Serreria stop. The stop also then connects to the 6 and 8 trams which run throughout the district and provide some of the most extensive transit network connections within the district. Along with metro and tram, the ETM bus system has a very strong presence in the region,
which includes four extra bus routes during the summer to accomodate the influx of passengers making trips to the beach. The Valencia Cabanyal train station is also located within the district and serves as a major stop on some of the regional trains with passengers riding in from outside of the city to be in close proximity to the beach.
NEZ
10 MIN.
BUS LINE TRAIN LINE METRO LINE MARITIM - SERRERIA METRO
CABANYAL TRAIN STATION
20 MIN.
CARRER DEL ME
DITERRANI
AV. DE
TRAM LINE
BUS STOP
CARRER DE PAVIA
IBA
DR. LLUCH
PEIXO
SCO
CARRER DEL
DE LUIS
BLA
WALKING RADIUS
TRAM STOP
CARRER
AV. DE
FERRY ROUTE
L PU
ERT O
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POBLATS MARITIMS TRANSPORTATION PRIVATE TRANSIT The Poblats Maritims is not only extremely well connected to the whole of Valencia through its public transit, it also contains many major private transit connections. The bicycle network of Valencia is very extensive and it has a large presence in Poblats Maritims as well with numerous bike sharing stations and bike paths connecting back to the city centre as well as other areas of the city. Because there is such a large influx of people travelling to the beach, the roadway connections of the Poblats Maritims also play a
vital role in the infrastructure of the city, as does the public parking available to handle the increased traffic. One potential change to the area is the proposed expansion of the Blasco Ibanez Avenue to fulfill its original intent to create a boulevard all the way to the sea. This could potentially have a major impact on the infrastructure of the region.
IBA
NEZ
10 MIN.
20 MIN.
CARRER DEL ME
DITERRANI
AV. DE
BIKE PATH MAJOR ROADWAY BLASCO IBANEZ EXPANSION PUBLIC PARKING UNDERGROUND PARKING FERRY / CRUISE TERMINAL
CARRER DE PAVIA
SCO
DR. LLUCH
PEIXO
CARRER DEL
DE LUIS
BLA
WALKING RADIUS
BIKE SHARING POINT
CARRER
AV. DE
FERRY ROUTE
L PU
ERT O
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100
CHAPTER EIGHT: CLIMATE
101
CLIMATE ZONES Continental Climate Spain’s most predominant climate is continental. Winters are cold enough for snows and most of the rainfall occurs in late Spring. Summers can be hot and - in the North, which is very green - rainy.
Mediterranean Climate Spain’s Mediterranean climate is only active throughout one-fifth of the country. Winters are generally mild and summers vary in intensity depending on the region. For the most part, temperatures are moderate and there is not a wide range between the summer highs and winter lows. Oceanic Climate This climate zone predominates over
Spain’s northern coast and the northwestern region of Galicia. This climactic zone is characterized by extensive rainfall. Summers tend to be warm, but not hot. Winters are not as cold as in the continental climate zones. Precipitation is relatively consistent throughout the year.
OCEANIC
Mountain Climate These areas are characterized by cold winters and mild summers, with a predominance of cold temperatures. Snow and strong winds are also common.
CONTINENTAL
Arid Climate This area of Spain is characteristically hot and dry, with very little rainfall. Spain’s semi-deserts can be found here.
ARID
MOUNTAIN
MEDITERRANEAN
FRANCE
ATLANTIC OCEAN
PORTUGAL VALENCIA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
102
SPRING CLIMATE Temperatures in spring will be warm enough to get a tan and this is a very popular time to go to the beach. Easter falls in the spring, which is one of the most popular times for the Spanish to travel. The only problem is that the weather isn’t quite so dependable at this time.
enough to avoid spring showers April-the wet season arrives Valencia: March-coldest spring month April-temperatures are milder, good sunshine
Best Event in April: Easter-’Semana Santa’ (Holy Week)
Barcelona: March-slowly heating up, dry but dull, cloudly days April-weather heating up, not very consistent, gets wet but not as bad as other regions
Madrid: March-temperature warms up, early
Andalusia: March-warmest region, mainly sun-
Best Event in March: Fallas festivalValencia
ny dry days April-generally good weather, Semana Santa takes place here Northern Spain: March-Spring comes later, rains regularly April-wet season, temperature rise a little North-West Spain: March-mild but wet, very wet April-similar to March
FRANCE ROCA BLANCA, SUANCES
BARCELONA PORTUGAL
MADRID
VALENCIA LAS FALLAS FESTIVAL
ANDALUSIA
LOS LOCOS, SUANCES
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
103
SUMMER CLIMATE In the summer inhabitants of the central cities gravitate towards the coast. Spain’s internal cities get unbearably hot in the summer with temperatures regularly reaching 113°F (45°C).
Madrid: June-hot and dry July-uncomfortably hot August-heat is unbearable, very humid Valencia: June: averages start around 72°F July: sizzling summer, temperature climbs to 77° August: temperature peaks around
78°F
in Europe
Barcelona: June-cool but pleasant temperatures, warm enough to sunbathe, rain is possible but unlikely July-hot and sunny, more bearable than Madrid, some rain possible but rare August-reliably warm and dry
Northern Spain: June-not as reliable as the south, mainly good but a fair chance of rain July-good time to head north, rain subsided and generally warm days August-generally warm with less rainfall, still has frequent wet spells
Andalusia: June-best time to visit, hot but not dangerously hot July-hot hot hot, unbearable heat, cloud free days with a spot of rain August-to hot, hottest temperatures
North-West Spain: June-plain old wet, rising temperatures with some wet and chilly days July-driest month, still change of rain, good weather August-less rainfall with warm temperatures
FRANCE
L’HEMISFERIC, VALENCIA
BARCELONA PORTUGAL
MADRID
VALENCIA
CASCO ANTIGUO, VALENCIA
ANDALUSIA
THE COSTA BRAVA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
104
AUTUMN CLIMATE Spain starts to return to the kinds of temperatures that don’t leave you feeling like you are trapped in a baker’s oven. Going to the beach is still a possibility at this time of year. Madrid: September-comfortably warm October-best time to visit, pleasantly warm, rain is rare November-pleasant but not especially warm Valencia: September: pleasant temperature around 73° October: temperature begins to dip, wettest month November: chillest autumn month, tem-
perature around 57° Barcelona: September-still summer but cooled by sea breezes October-cloudy days, odd spot of rain, generally weather will be pleasant November-cool but not cold, fair bit of sun Andalusia: September-sunniest region, could still be unbearably hot, coastal cities more temperate October-still pretty warm, warm enough to go to the beach November-may still be possible to sunbathe
Northern Spain: September-mainly good, a fair change of rain October-weather far less predictable, still pleasant temperatures November-rain and cold weather is common North-West Spain: September-temperatures that are several degrees lower than in other regions October-temperatures stay on the mild side, very wet, rains 18 days out of 31 November-expect rain, very windy, not too cold
FRANCE
URBAIN BASQUES
BARCELONA PORTUGAL
MADRID
VALENCIA
THE SEGOVIA AQUEDUCT
ANDALUSIA
LA GRANJA DE SAN ILDEFONSO
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
105
WINTER CLIMATE Year starts off cold. Hardest hit are the high altitude central cities like Madrid, Toledo and Salamanca or, more precisely, the countryside around these cities. It is also not uncommon to get a mini ‘heatwave’ in January or February. Madrid: December-gets cold especially at night January-very unpredictable, expect it to be cold February-cold but reasonably dry Valencia: December-very mild, temperature averages stay above 52° January-coldest month
February-very mild temperatures, average around 53°, stays green throughout they year
February-little cool, rain infrequent
Barcelona:
December-rains 50% of the days January-cold and wet February-cold, very rainy
December-the sea has a warming effect, not as cold but can still get pretty chilly, rainy and overcast days January-pretty cold, fairly dry February-little warmer than Madrid, not much rain Andalusia:
Northern Spain:
North-West Spain: December-wettest month, not as cold January-cool but very wet February-very very wet
December-good weather, warm but still gets chilly at night, rainy January-coldest month, rogue warm days
FRANCE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
BARCELONA PORTUGAL
MADRID
VALENCIA
THE MOUNTAIN NAVACERADA-MADRID
ANDALUSIA
PARC DE LA CIUTADELLA-BARCELONA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
106
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE - °F Location: Valencia, ESP
Legend
Comfort Zone
Latitude/Longitude: 39.5° North, 0.47° West
Record High -
Summer
Design High -
Winter
Elevation: 203ft Time Zone: Greenwich 1 Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.
Average High Mean Average Low Design Low Record Low -
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
107
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANNUAL
SEA TEMPERATURE - °F December to April: water temperature will be between 13 and 15 degrees Celsius (55-59 °F) May: the ocean begins to warm up, averaging around 17°C (62°F) Summer months: water temperature will be around 23-25 degrees Celsius (73-77°F) March has the coldest water temperature. August has the hottest water temperature.
80°F
73°F 65°F 58°F 50°F JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
108
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Data taken from Climate Consultant
SUNSHINE
Valencia provides good access to the Costa Blanca, a popular tourist area. The weather isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t as as hot as on the Costa del Sol, but is still very pleasant throughout the summer. The sun shines, on average 7 hours a day. In winter, Valencia has about three times more sun duration than the northern half of Europe.
400 HRS
300 HRS
200 HRS 100 HRS 0 HRS JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Hours of Sunshine 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Percentage of Sunshine 109
Data taken from Climate Consultant
WINTER - SUN EXPOSURE Range: December 21-June 21 Design Strategies For passive solar heating face most of the glass area south to maximize winter sun exposure, but design overhangs to fully shade in summer Heat gains from lights, people, and equipment greatly reduces heating needs so keep space tight, well insulated Provide double pan high performance glazing (Low-E) on west, north, and east, but clear on south for maximum passive solar gain Use light colored building materials and cool roofs (with high emissivity) to minimize conducted heat gain
mize cross ventilation in temperate and hot humid climates Shade to prevent overheating, open to breezes in summer, and use passive solar gain in winter Low pitched roofs with wide overhangs work well in temperate climates Keep the building small(right-sized) because excessive floor area wastes heating and cooling energy Trees (neither conifer or deciduous) should not be planted in front of passive solar windows, but are OK beyond 45 degrees from each corner
Warm/Hot > 80° (Shade needed) Comfort > 68° (Shade helps) Cool/Cold < 68° (Sun Needed)
Long narrow building floor plan can help maxi-
MAY
APR
FEB
JAN
110
Data taken from Climate Consultant
SUMMER - SUN EXPOSURE Range: June 21-December 21
ditioning
Design Strategies
Organize floor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specific functions that coincide with solar orientation
Tiles or slate (even on wood floors) or a stonefaced fireplace provides enough surface mass to store winter daytime solar gain and summer nighttime cooling Traditional passive homes in temperate climates used light weight construction with slab on grade and operable walls and shaded outdoor spaces Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather (seasonal sun rooms, enclosed patios, courtyards, or verandahs) Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (awnings that extend in summer) can reduce or eliminate air con-
Good natural ventilation can reduce or eleminate air conditioning in warm weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes On hot days ceiling fans or indoor air motion can make it seem cooler by 5 degrees F (2.8째 C) or more, thus less air conditioning is needed Screened porches and patios can provide passive comfort cooling by ventilation in warm weather and can prevent insect problems
Warm/Hot > 80째 (Shade needed) Comfort > 68째 (Shade helps) Cool/Cold < 68째 (Sun Needed)
JUL
AUG
OCT
NOV
111
Data taken from Climate Consultant
SKY COVERAGE This chart shows the percentage of clouds in the sky. For example, on average, a day in February can see up to 80% sky coverage, with a low of around 18%.
Total Cloud Coverage
100%
Record High Average High Mean Average Low Record Low Clear Skies
0%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0% JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
112
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANNUAL
Data taken from Climate Consultant
WIND VELOCITY - MPH Location: Valencia, ESP
Record High -
Latitude/Longitude: 39.5° North, 0.47° West
Average High -
Elevation: 203ft
Mean -
Time Zone: Greenwich 1 Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.
Average Low Record Low -
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
113
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
ANNUAL
Data taken from Climate Consultant
WIND VELOCITY - MPH The wind rose for Valencia shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction.
0 mph
> 17 mph
> 0 mph
> 24 mph
> 3 mph
> 31 mph
> 7 mph
> 38 mph
> 12 mph
114
Data taken from Climate Consultant
WIND PATTERNS The dominant winds of the Mediterranean are channeled through the deep valleys between the mountain chains and sweep into the sea from set angles.
Levanter: an easterly wind through the Straits of Gibralter and between Spain and Morocco
Gregale: a strong NE wind of the central and west Mediterranean areas
Vendavales: strong south-westerly winds that occur in the Strait of Gibraltar and the region off the east coast of Spain
Marin: strong wind in the Gulf of Lions blowing from a south-easterly direction Libeccio: westerly or south-westerly wind
Mistral: a strong northerly wind in the Gulf of Lions and Rhone Valley
Meltemi (Etesians): wind from the north, weather is fine and clear with the northerly winds tempering the fierce summer heat
Bora: occurs along the eastern shore of the Northern Adriatic with violent gusts and squalls
Khamsin: winds that apply to dry, dusty and mostly hot southerly winds in Egypt, and the Red Sea
Scirocco: a southerly wind moving eastward
ATLANTIC OCEAN
SPAIN VALENCIA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
115
MEDITERRANEAN HURRICANES AND WINDS ANNUAL LANDFALL FREQUENCY
A very rare occurence; hurricanes that form in the Mediterranean Sea are known as ‘medicanes’. Given the cooler temperatures of the Mediterranean, medicanes are much smaller and shorter lived than tropical cyclones and make landfall less than once a year in the region. Damages from these storms ususally come in the form of increased winds and flooding from increased rain. Countries that are affected the most by these kinds of rare storms are Italy, Malta, Greece, and parts of Spain. To put this into perspective, those listed countries experience between .13% and .32% landfalls per year, with Sardinia, Sicily, and mainland Italy taking the brunt of medicane storms that form in the region.
Behind Italy, Spain’s Baleric Islands is the second most hit area, experiencing about .24% annual landfalls. Interestingly, the Baleric Islands are located directly east of Valencia, Spain, and appear to break up the storms before they are able to reach Valencia. MEDITERRANEAN WINDS
LESS THAN .04% .05% TO .08% .09% TO .12%
Local winds in the Mediterranean are constantly changing, but twelve major wind directions are identified specifically. They are listed as: MISTAL MARIA LIBECCIO BORA GREGALE ETESIAN
LANDFALL FREQUENCY PER YEAR
MELTEMI KHAMSIN SCIROCCO GHIBLI SCIROCCO (CHILI) VENDAVEL LEVANTER
116
.13% TO .16% .24% TO .32%
PRECIPITATION
Valencia has dry periods in June, July and August. On average, October is the wettest month. On average, July is the driest month. The average amount of annual precipitation: 18.31 inches (465.0 mm) The average annual amount of rainy days: 64 days
5 INCH
4 INCH
3 INCH 1 INCH
0 INCH JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Precipitation 30 DAYS
23 DAYS
15 DAYS
8 DAYS
0 DAYS JAN
Rainy Days 117
Data taken from Climate Consultant
CITY CENTER WEATHER Location: Valencia, ESP
Latitude/Longitude: 39.5° North, 0.47° West Elevation: 203ft Time Zone: Greenwich 1
AIRPORT
Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.
CITY CENTER
WARMEST NORMAL
WEATHER STATION LOCATION
COLDEST 35°C 30°C 25°C 20°C 15°C 10°C 5°C 0°C JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Temperature 6
5 4 3 2 1 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
Days with Precipitation 118
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
AIRPORT WEATHER Location: Valencia, ESP
Latitude/Longitude: 39.5° North, 0.47° West Elevation: 203ft Time Zone: Greenwich 1
AIRPORT
Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.
CITY CENTER
WARMEST NORMAL
WEATHER STATION LOCATION
COLDEST 35°C 30°C 25°C 20°C 15°C 10°C 5°C 0°C JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Temperature 6
5 4 3 2 1 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
Days with Precipitation 119
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
GLOBAL WARMING WORLD-WIDE
2
This graph illustrates the change in global surface temperature starting from 1892. The year 2016 ranks as the warmest on record.
1
According to NASA the planet’s average surface temperature has risen about 2.0°F (1.1°C) since the late 19th century. 0
Sea levels are expected to rise between 7 and 23 inches. Hurricanes and other storms are likely to become stronger.
-1
Floods and droughts will become more common.
-2
Less fresh water will be available. Some diseases will spread.
1892-1896
2012-2016
120
°C
GLOBAL WARMING REGIONAL AND LOCAL
Scientists are predicting that the world will look like this, in as soon as four decades, if the world warms by only 4°C. Between 1995 and 2015, the death toll from natural disasters in Spain was 1,215 with 178 of those deaths due to heat waves. Energy is responsible for almost 80% of Spanish CO2 emissions.
LAND LOST DUE TO RISING SEA LEVELS UNINHABITABLE DESERT FOOD-GROWING ZONES/COMPACT HIGH-RISE CITIES UNINHABITABLE DUE TO FLOODS, DROUGHT OR EXTREME WEATHER
Electricity generation accounts for 26% of emissions. Transportation emissions grew by 41% from 1990-2015.
IF EARTH’S TEMPERATURE RISES 4° C 121
GLOBAL WARMING Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s goal is to cut emissions by more than 80% by 2050, though this is slow going.
If nothing is done to cut these emissions heatwaves will be the biggest killer of children, the elderly and the chronically ill within the next 65 years. As for Valencia, if the temperature continues to rise and does increase by 4°C as predicted, a lot of the coast line will be lost due to increased sea levels.
Summer Heatwave-Spain
Sea Level Rise-Valencia
122
CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING WATERS THE POBLATS MARTIMS DISTRICT
If global warming is left unchecked, the Poblats Maritims district and Valencia as a whole will suffer from widespread flooding, loss of land, and historical sites. Currently, an increase of 2 °C is expected in 200 years. At this rate, an increase of 1 °C could cover fifty percent of the Poblats Maritims district in the next century.
HIGHLIGHTED AREAS
RISING WATERS
CITY BOUNDARY
60 METERS = +28 °C / 50.4 °F
POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT
13 METERS = +6 °C / 10.8 °F
PROJECT SITE AREA
5 METERS = +2.5 °C / 4.5 °F
Rising water as a result of increased rain and Mediterranean hurricanes are also factors that Valencia is exposed to. In the even of heavy rains or a medicane hitting Valencia, waters could rise anywhere between zero to three meters.
2 METERS = +1 °C / 1.8 °F 1 METER = +.5 °C / .9 °F
At one meter of sea level rise, about 25% of the Poblats Maritims district will be overrun by the Balearic Sea. At two meters of sea level rise, about 50% of the district will be gone, and at thirteen meters the entire Poblats Maritims district will be reclaimed by the sea. At sixty meters the entire city of Valencia would be overrun by the rising waters.
123
CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING WATERS THE WHOLE OF VALENCIA
HIGHLIGHTED AREAS POBLATS MARITIMS DISTRICT
Here we see that global warming, if left unchecked, will have a negative impact on the Poblats Maritims district and Valencia as a whole.
PROJECT SITE AREA
At one meter of sea level rise, about 25% of the Poblats Maritims district will be overrun by the Baleanic Sea. At two meters of sea level rise, about 50% of the district will be gone, and at thirteen meters the entire Poblats Maritims district will be reclaimed by the sea. At sixty meters the entire city of Valencia would be overrun by the rising waters.
RISING WATERS 13 METERS = +6 °C / 10.8 °F 5 METERS = +2.5 °C / 4.5 °F 2 METERS = +1 °C / 1.8 °F 1 METER = +.5 °C / .9 °F
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISING WATERS
HIGHLIGHTED AREA
THE PROJECT SITE AND TOPOGRAPHY
PROJECT SITE AREA
In terms of global warming and rising waters in relation to our building site, even the slightest increase of .5 °C could cause the Balearic Sea to rise one meter and overrun almost fifty percent of the proposed site. At a 1 °C increase, the sea could rise two whole meters and swallow the site almost entirely.
RISING WATERS 13 METERS = +6 °C / 10.8 °F
5 METERS = +2.5 °C / 4.5 °F
At one meter of sea level rise, about 25% of the Poblats Maritims district as a whole will be overrun by the Balearic Sea. At two meters of sea level rise, about 50% of the district will be gone, and at thirteen meters the entire Poblats Maritims district will be reclaimed by the sea. At sixty meters the entire city of Valencia would be overrun by the rising waters.
2 METERS = +1 °C / 1.8 °F 1 METER = +.5 °C / .9 °F
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CHAPTER NINE: PHOTO JOURNAL
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MATERIALITY AND TEXTURE The district of Poblats Maritims had a materiality and texture all its own. While being next to the beach, Polbats Maritims offers travelers and architects a unique cultural experience through its materiality and texture. Street pavement varied from smooth red brick paths to stones with grass growing through the cracks to show the age of the district. Stamps of the city and district emblems in the stone show transitions from one part of the city to the other in a subtle way. And of course, one can not forget the beach culture thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s seen throughout the district.
the city though. While the rest of the city has an uniform street front, the district of Poblats Maritims shows its individuality through the different colors of its building facades. Even the sizing of the buildings is unique, taking the size of a tree to regulate building height and width.
The building facades in Poblats Maritims are what make this part stand out from the rest of
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MATERIALITY AND TEXTURE
130
131
COLOR AND LIGHT Seeing the city through color and light was a remarkable experience. Most happened upon chance, where are few were just taking the time to stop and admire the small details that the city had to offer.
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE While a city with an extensive history, modern architecture has also staked its claim on the city of Valenica. To the north of the city is the Universitat Politecnica de Valenica. It is one of the oldest surviving universitites in Spain and the oldest in the Valencian Community. It is regraded as one of Spainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading academic institutions. To the southeast of the city, just on the outskirts of the historic city center, The Arts and Science can be found. This area is most known for its futuristic structures designed by Santiago Calatrava. The complex is made up of Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Henisferic (1998), El Museu de les Ciencies Principe Felipe (2000), and El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia (2005).
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STREET ART While exploring Valencia, one major element that made this city unique was its street art. This cultural expression is not something that is widely accepted in the United States, so it was interesting seeing how sophisticated and prominent this art form was. Artists would tag everything from buildings to security doors on shops. The art on the doors was the most remarkable because it reflexed what kind of business was behind its doors. The street art was more than just graffiti here, it is a form of expression and it was amazing to see and understand a different culture through a different media form.
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STREET ART
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SITE LOCATION
This site location is distinctive due to its massive size. Spanning over multiple blocks, this site seems to bridge the older, more historic district to the west and the modern, tourist area to the east. It also offers small views through street corridors to the beach just to the east. The site is also completely barren with no buildings or greenery, only street trees from nearby streets offer any shading. A fence surrounds a majority of the site, closing off this area from the rest of the district.
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SITE LOCATION
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CHAPTER TEN: PROJECT STATEMENT
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“Every industry is going to be affected (by the aging population). This creates tremendous opportunities and tremendous challenges.” -Pat Conroy The world’s elderly population is growing at an unprecedented rate. When the global population reached 7 billion people in 2012, 562 million (8.0 percent) were of age 65 or older. By 2015, just 3 years later, the elderly population increased by 55 million people, expanding the percentage of elderly people to 8.5 percent of the world’s total population. With the post-World War II baby boomers in the United States and Europe reaching retirement age in recent years and with the accelerated growth of older populations in both Asia and Latin America, the next 10 years will see an increase of about 236 million people ages 65 and older throughout the world. Then compare that to this fact: from 2025 to 2050, the elderly population is projected to almost double to 1.6 billion globally, while the total world population will only grow by 34 percent over that same period. These increased numbers are due to increasing life spans and low birth rates, which accelerates the rate at which the share of the elderly population is rising. As a result, the population is getting older. Individuals are reaching ages that were once unimaginable, and that creates challenges for all industries. With the world’s elderly population growing at an alarming rate, all countries will be affected by this massive change, particularly Spain. Just within the last 30 years, the number of people ages 65 and older has doubled. This is due in part to longer life spans, as well as a lower birth rate, with people averaging barely 1.2 children per woman, whereas in 1975 the average was 3 children. The current data for Spain shows that the population of ages 65 and older stands around 17 percent, which is equal to over 7 million people, with around 25 percent of that over the age of 80. The Spanish National Statistics Office (INE) predicts that the 65 and older generations will make up more than 30 percent of the total population of Spain by 2050 (that is almost 13 million people) and the number of elderly over the age of 80 will exceed 4 million. This results in more than 30 percent of Spain’s total population being 65 years of age or older. It is even predicted that the percentage of older people in the Spanish population will grow faster than the European average. Valencia has a total population of around 799,188 people. Of that, 148,325 of those people are ages 65 and older. The Poblats Maritims district of Valencia has the
highest percentage of elderly people, ranging from 35.3 percent all the way up to 78 percent (those numbers are so broad to the location of retirement homes and hospitals that treat the elderly). With these numbers, a question must be asked: what type of housing/retirement communities are offered to the elderly population within the Poblats Maritims? There are two retirement homes within the district (one of which doubles as a medical center, which might not offer a lot of housing options for seniors) but that is not nearly enough to support the high percentage of elderly population and does not address seniors that do not need assisted living and would prefer to live on their own after retirement. The creation of an affordable senior living housing complex with be a direct response to this clear need within the Poblats Maritims neighborhood. It will be designed as an architecture adapting to the needs of elderly and engage the natural process of aging, providing a safe, enriching environment for a new type of community. With the progressive population aging, the growth of the elderly population is inevitable. Life expectancy is increasing with advancements in the medical field, and it is necessary to consider the changes this fact carries. Architecture, as well as other professions, must meet this challenge efficiently. To adapt architecture to the needs of the elderly, it is necessary to understand the processes of aging in a physical, social and psychological matter, as well as the behavior of the elderly and their perception of the environment in society. The new building will create a structure and environment to combat and prevent the negative consequences of aging. This project aims to create sense of community within the elderly population, as well as the younger population within the Poblats Maritims district. It also aims to create an aging in place environment that allows seniors to live out their days in this residence if they so wished. This mission is to maintain and improve the quality of life for the elderly population and focus on helping seniors ensure they can live where they choose and get any help they need for as long as they can. Aging brings changes to us all. It is important to consider and plan for the changes that will happen and what impacts these changes will have. Some changes that might be experienced are: reduced vision, decreased muscle strength or endurance, reduced metal processing capabilities, increased risk of falls due to balance, increased risk of illness, reduced hearing, and decreased mobility. The goal 146
is to design an environment that can combat mostly, if not all, of these issues presented to a population that is gradually aging. The design also tries to foster interaction begin different generations and the natural environment, creating a cohesive community directed toward everyone in the district, not just to the seniors living there. The site location is distinctive due to its massive size. With itsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; extremely large size, the site allows for future growth of senior housing, as well as planning for a self-sustaining senior living community. The site is completely barren with no buildings or greenery, allowing for a clean slate when designing this community for an aging society. Spanning over multiple city blocks and located just north of the harbor, this site, if designed properly, also can begin to bridge the gap between the older, more historic district to the west and the modern, tourist area to the east. The site location and design also aims to bring together two completely different groups of people: the younger generation and the ever-growing elderly population.
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Youngsters lack wisdom; elders lack energy. When wisdom and energy come together, great things are destined to happen!â&#x20AC;?
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CHAPTER ELEVEN: RESEARCH
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COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY
“THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE SOCIETY FACES IS PROVIDING GOOD, SAFE AND EXCELLENT CARE TO OUR AGING POPULATION. VERY SOON WE WILL ALL FACE IT.” - UNKNOWN
“EVERY INDUSTRY IS GOING TO BE AFFECTED (BY THE AGING POPULATION). THIS CREATES TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES AND TREMENDOUS CHALLENGES.” - PAT CONROY
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AGING POPULATION - GLOBAL SCALE
PRESENT DAY
2035 - THIRTEEN YEARS
The world’s elderly population is growing at an unprecedented rate. Present day, the percentage of elderly population is 8.5% of the world’s total population.
From 2025 to 2050, the elderly population is projected to almost double to 1.6 billion globally.
MALE
100+
0.0 %
95 - 99
0.0 %
90 - 94
0.1 %
85 - 89
0.2 %
80 - 84
0.0 %
100+
0.0 %
95 - 99
0.1 %
70 - 74
65 - 69
2.1 %
60 - 64
2.4 %
2.3 %
50 - 54
70 - 74
1.6 %
1.4 %
55 - 59
75 - 79
1.1 %
2.0 %
60 - 64
80 - 84
0.9 %
1.0 %
65 - 69
85 - 89
0.6 %
0.7 %
55 - 59 50 - 54
2.8 %
2.8 %
45 - 49
3.1 %
3.1 %
40 - 44
3.3 %
3.2 %
40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34
3.7 %
3.8 %
25 - 29
45 - 49
3.3 %
3.4 %
30 - 34
4.2 %
4.0 %
25 - 29
20 - 24
4.2 %
3.9 %
20 - 24
15 - 19
4.1 %
3.8 %
15 - 19
10 - 14
4.3 %
5-9
4.5 %
0-4
4.0 %
8%
6%
10 - 14
4.2 % 4.4 %
4.7 % 10 %
4%
2%
0%
FEMALE
90 - 94
0.3 %
0.4 %
75 - 79
35 - 39
MALE
FEMALE
2%
4%
6%
2016 - PRESENT DAY
5-9 0-4 6%
4%
2%
0%
2%
2035 - THIRTEEN YEARS
151
4%
6%
AGE DEMOGRAPHICS - SPAIN PRESENT DAY
FUTURE POPULATION
Currently, the data for Spain shows that the population of ages 65 and older stands around 17 percent, which is over 7 million people.
By 2050, the 65 and older generations will make up more than 30 percent of the total population of Spain, which is almost 13 million people.
MALE
FEMALE
2017 - PRESENT DAY
100+ 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4 3
2.4
1.8
1.2
0.6
0
0
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
0.6
1.2
1.8
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
152
2.4
3
2022 - FIVE YEARS
MALE
FEMALE 100+ 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4
3
2.4
1.8
1.2
0.6
0
0
0.6
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
2027 - TEN YEARS MALE
FEMALE 100+ 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4
3
2.4
1.8
1.2
0.6
0
0
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
0.6
1.2
1.8
3
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
2032 - FIFTEEN YEARS
MALE
2.4
FEMALE
100+ 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4 3
2.4
1.8
1.2
0.6
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
0
0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
POPULATION (IN MILLION)
153
3
AGING POPULATION - VALENCIA, SPAIN With a growing 65 and older population, a vast array of senior housing options are now available.
ments, or senior housing.
Senior Village Communities
Assisted living facilities, also referred to as residential care, adult care homes, and alternative care facilities, are elder care homes for seniors who need daily help completing their activities of daily living. This facility has a full-time, on-site staff.
The senior village community is a type of housing arrangement that allows seniors to live among other active people their own age, thereby providing them with a sense of community and camaraderie. Independent Living Communities Independent living communities are designed for seniors who need a minimal amount of assistance with activities of daily living (ADL). These are specifically for seniors and may be called retirement communities, retirement homes, senior apart-
Assisted Living Facilities
POPULATION OVER 65 35.3 % - 78 % 25.6 % - 35.3 % 15.8 % - 25.6 % 6.1 % - 15.8 %
Nursing Homes These provide the highest level of care for residents. Nursing homes help seniors complete there ADLs, but the main function is to provide a high level of medical care.
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0 - 6.1 %
RETIREMENT HOME LOCATIONS
With the district having such a large population over the age of 65, the next problem identified is the number and location of retirement homes in the area. Upon further research, not only are there not many retirement homes located with the Poblats Maritims district, but there also is no place for seniors to live who do not need assisted living.
RETIREMENT HOMES RETIREMENT HOMES/MEDICAL CENTERS
155
PROGRAMING MOTIF Mission: To maintain and/or improve their quality of life.
The focus is to help seniors ensure they can live where they choose and get any help they need for as long as they can. Aging brings changes to us all. It is important to consider and plan for the changes that will happen and what impacts these changes will have. Some changes that might be experienced are:
• • • • • •
Decreased muscle strength or endurance Reduced metal processing capabilities Increased risk of falls due to balance Increased risk of illness Reduced hearing Decreased mobility
The goal is to design an environment that can combat mostly, if not all, of these issues presented to a population that is gradually aging.
Reduced vision
AGING POPULATION
SENSE OF COMMUNITY
GLOBAL WARMING
AGING IN PLACE
GREEN DESIGN ENTERTAINMENT
HEALTH AND WELFARE
NUTRITION
MOVIE THEATER
PHARMACY
GROCERY STORE
COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
ADA ACCESSIBLE
LIVING UNITS
156
DEMENTIA VILLAGE - CASE STUDY ONE Location: Hogewey, Netherlands
Architects: Molenaar&Bol&VanDillen Year Completed: 2009 Cost: $25 million In the municipality of Weesp, not far from Amsterdam, sits the village of Hogewey. At first glance, it looks like any other village complete with a movie theater, restaurants and shops. Hogewey is home to 152 men and women living with severe dementia. Hogewey is secure, but allows residence to roam around and explore.
PLAN VIEW
RESIDENCE HOME
TOWN SQUARE
SENSE OF COMMUNITY
SUPERMARKET 157
PORT TOWNSEND RESIDENCE - CASE STUDY TWO Location: Port Townsend, Washington Client: Judi and David Cornis Year Completed: 2014 Size: 1300 sqft Universal Design: a philosophy that products, spaces, and environments should word for an entire population, regardless of age or ability
FLOOR PLAN
INTERIOR VIEW-KITCHEN
INTERIOR VIEW-KITCHEN
EXTERIOR VIEW 158
STENO DIABETES CENTER - CASE STUDY THREE Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects Project Year: 2016 Size: 18200 sqm Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen is based on the idea of creating a connection to nature. The Center weaves together the indoors and outdoors in order to stimulate and nurture patients and visitors. Common areas are organized around small, themed “squares,” for example, a food lab and cafe by the ‘nutrition square.’
INTERIOR VIEW
EXTERIOR VIEW
FLOOR PLAN 159
SITE LOCATION
With a growing 65 and older population, a vast array of senior housing is needed to accommodate all different stages of aging. Therefore, the site chosen is very large in scale to accommodate this large community. This site also offers many different public and private transit amenities, as well as access to green space, and is just a block from the beach.
SITE LOCATION
FERRY ROUTE WALKING RADIUS BIKE PATH MAJOR ROADWAY BLASCO IBANEZ EXPANSION PUBLIC PARKING UNDERGROUND PUBLIC PARKING BIKE SHARING POINT FERRY / CRUSE TERMINAL PRIVATE TRANSIT - POBLATS MARITIMS 160
GREEN SPACE - POBLATS MARITIMS
FERRY ROUTE WALKING RADIUS TRAM LINE BUS LINE TRAIN LINE METRO LINE MARITM - SERRERIA METRO TRAM STOP BUS STOP VALENCIA CABANYAL TRAIN STATION PUBLIC TRANSIT - POBLATS MARITIMS 161
162
CHAPTER TWELVE: PROGRAM PROPOSAL
163
CURRENT ZONING This map shows the current zoning regulations of the Poblats Maritims District.
Public Work Facilities
Public Green Space
Commercial
Residential
Port
Port Commercial
Government Maintained Green Space
HISTORIC DISTRICT SITE LOCATION
164
FUTURE ZONING Shown below is the future proposed zoning for the Poblats Maritims Distrcit. Minor changes have been made from the original map. These changes come in the form of restoration of the historic district, as well as more land allotted to mixed use buildings to create a more dynamic area as the district continues to grow.
Historic Restoration
Residential
Public Green Space
Neighborhood Mixed Use
165
URBAN RULES
The Urban Rules are created to regulate all future city planning and building within the Poblats Maritims District.
BUILDING SETBACKS Buildings shall be set back of 15 feet minimum for pedestrian traffic and outdoor seating. This can vary according to zone.
PLANTED OPEN AREAS All open surfaces between the street wall and the front line, as well as all undeveloped surfaces, are to be landscaped with plants.
166
URBAN RULES BUILDING SHADOWS Neighbor buildings may not be substantially inconvenienced, in particularly by shadows cast by high-rises, particularly on residential buildings or those located in residential zones.
TAPER DOWN TO THE SHORELINE As you move closer to the shoreline, building heights gradually get shorter.
167
URBAN RULES LOT COVERAGE
MULTI-FUNCTION STREETS
A building may occupy a maximum of 40% of the surface of a building lot. This value can vary according to zone.
Mixed-use and commercial zones must serve a variety of primary functions.
40%
NATURAL VENTILATION
SENIOR DISTRICT
Buildings should be designed and oriented to capture natural sea breezes for passive cooling.
50% of all new residential development must be designed for senior citizens (persons 65 years of age or older). Building lot prices are highly differentiated by location. The city has the authority to employ regulatory measures in order to curb senior living costs.
168
URBAN RULES VISIBILITY
BUILDING HEIGHT
Natural visual avenues must not be obstructed by new construction projects.
The maximum permissible building height is 48 feet (15 m). This threshold my be surpassed only under certain circumstances. For further reference, see Taper Down to Shoreline.
48 feet (15 m)
GREEN BOULEVARDS Street sizes will be no more than 30 meters for main 4 lane streets and 18 meters for residential streets. Streets should be lined with street trees and a medium for slower moving traffic.
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URBAN RULES OPEN SPACE COMPENSATION
STREET WALL CONTINUITY
If a developer divides his building lot into smaller parcels, and does not build on all of smaller subdivided lots, he must compensate by leaving one of those lots of his â&#x20AC;&#x153;privateâ&#x20AC;? space undeveloped on the property to be used for landscape (public or private).
Toward the street, buildings shall stand directly on the edges of their parcels to endow the street with a continuous street scape. They must abide by all setback regulations. Buildings may not meet street continuity under given circumstances.
SOLAR ACCESS Buildings with passive heating methods shall enjoy unimpeded rights to the sunshine. A high-rise may not place a building with passive solar heating methods in shadow for more than two hours per day.
170
URBAN RULES NATURALLY LIT SPACES Commercial, mixed-use, and offices shall never be too deep to be illuminated by natural light.
STREET DYNAMIC All newly designed streets will follow this layout: street buffer, sidewalk, building. This is to allow for a stronger and safer pedestrian presence along shop fronts.
STREET STREET TREES
PEDESTRIAN ZONE
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USERS
THE “EVERYDAY” USERS The “everyday” users are the people who would be spending the most time in this space. They consist mostly of elderly residents, college students staying in the loft apartments, and doctors and nurses who would be working round the clock at the different senior living facilities.
NURSE-NANCY DREW
SENIORS-ALFRED AND WELLMAN Alfred and Wellman are high school sweethearts and just celebrated their 70th wedding anniversary. Living in the newly built senior living facilities, Alfred and Wellman enjoy the freedom of living on their own, and the comfort of knowing that if anything does happen, there is someone nearby who can help. They plan on living here for the rest of their retired lives.
STUDENT-SIMON LEWIS Jacob is an architecture student who is living in an apartment above Joe’s Pizza Shop. When he is not stressing about school, he enjoys hanging out with his friends at the local parks or visiting with his grandparents who live in the senior living facilities just down the block. He loves the fact that he is just within walking distance of the local market and other necessary shops. He is also just a short distance away from the college, you know, for all those late studio nights!
Nancy is a nurse that works part time at the local health clinic and is on call at the senior living facility. She loves working with the elderly and hopes to one day work full time at the senior living facility in their Alzheimer’s ward. Until that day, she is content seeing Alfred and Wellman on their after evening walk as she finishes her day a the clinic.
PET DOG-CHOMPER This adorable little guy enjoys long walks through the public parks with his owner! His favorite days are when parents bring their young children. He gets extra belly rubs on those days and if he’s lucky, he’ll get a little snack from the food the kids have accidentally dropped. Some days he just enjoys laying in the sun next to his owner while they both doze off.
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USERS
THE “OPERATORS” The “operators” are the entrepreneurs, the people who make sure everything is running smoothly. Without these people, the community would cease to exist. The operators’ businesses help bring people into the area, which in turn helps grow the economy.
SHOP OWNER-GEORGE WEASLEY George Weasley is the proud owner of the local joke shop and is one of the many shop owners in this neighborhood. Located near the university and a high school, George’s new business is booming. He is just one of many business owners that has seen an increase in business due to the senior living facility.
CHEF-JOE Joe, owner of Joe’s Pizza Shop, has been in business for the past 20 years. He just recently opened up a second restaurant in the Poblats Maritims district and is one of a few new restaurants to move down by the port. He claims to make “the best pizzas this side of Madrid” but I’m not sure if I believe that. When he is not making pizzas to satisfy hungry high school and college kids, he’s volunteering at the local senior living facility at their Monday Night Pizza Madness!! (Old people really love their pizza.)
GARDENER-MIKE Mike is in charge of taking care of the grounds in and around the senior living facility. He even offers classes to its residents to teach them how to grow and care for their own fruits and vegetables.
THE TEENS Teenagers always need a good place to hang out while on their break between their morning and afternoon lessons or if they don’t want to hang out at home. While a senior living facility is not geared towards them, the master plan that includes restaurants, parks, and shops is. With the new variety of activities now readily available to them, they now have something to do with it is to cool to be on the beach.
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USERS
THE “OPERATORS” These people are in charge of making sure everything in the facility is ruling smoothly. Whether it is unclogging a pipe, fixing a whole in the wall, or even just cleaning up for a resident who might not be able to, if it wasn’t for these people, the operation would not run as smoothly.
PLUMBER-MOE
HANDYMAN-LARRY
MAID-JANIS
ELECTRICAN-CURLY
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USERS
THE “VISITORS” The visitors are people who spend the least amount of time in this space. They are mostly there to run errands and usually only spend, at max, a few hours a day here. These types of people include, but are not limited to: shoppers, tourists, business men on lunch, families visiting grandparents, and many others.
THE ADDAMS FAMILY “They’re creepy and they’re kooky. Mysterious and spooky. They’re all together ooky. The Adams family.” The Adams Family are one of the many residents of the Poblats Maritims area that have benefited from the recent addition of the senior living facility. Gomez works at the local Health Clinic, Morticia enjoys everything being within walking distance of their new house, and Wednesday and Pugsley love that the local park has many for kids for them to play with.
BUSINESS MAN-MICHAEL SCOTT Michael is a Senior Software Engineer at Divina Pastora. He frequents the Poblats Maritims for a break from the inner city life and the unique food he can get from the local restaurants along the coast. Usually, he enjoys his lunch breaks along the beach, but with the tourist season fast approaching, he prefers the local parks that offer a more peaceful and tranquil break from his life at the office.
SHOPPER-SHELBY CLARK Shelby also goes to the local university, but unlike Simon, Shelby comes to Poblats Maritims for an entirely different reason. One word: shopping. Majoring in clothing design, she claims that she shops so much for “research.” Whether you believe that is a valid reason is entirely up to you.
TOURISTS-BOB AND SUSAN This is Bob and Susan’s first time visiting Valencia. Actually it is their first time out of the country so they are a little excited. Fresh of the cruise ship and armed with their cameras and maps, Bob and Susan can’t wait to see what this city has to offer. They look forward to tasting some local cuisine (maybe Joe’s Pizza Shop?) and spending some quality time at the beach. Hopefully they won’t get to sun burnt this time!
175
SPACE PROGRAM This program is split into three different types of design: the Senior Living Facilities, the public spaces, and outdoor spaces. Each of these have been broken down to better understand what this community needs, with a specific focus on the senior living facilities.
The most important part of this design is the Senior Living Facilities. This program is geared toward the aging society and since there are different stages of aging, there are four different buildings geared towards those different stages of aging: a dementia building, an Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building, an assisted living complex, and a senior living complex that requires no assistance.
The public spaces are those that every growing and thriving community needs: restaurants, retail spaces, a market, a medical facility, and public outdoor spaces.
SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES DEMENTIA BUILDING - 40 RESIDENTS - 1-BED PER ROOM (40 BEDROOMS)
5,760 SQ. FT.
- PUBLIC DINING HALL
480 SQ. FT.
- KITCHEN, STORAGE AND PREP SPACE
200 SQ. FT.
- ACTIVITY/LIVING ROOM
480 SQ. FT.
- FITNESS ROOM
1,000 SQ. FT.
- MEDICAL CONSULTANTS
650 SQ. FT.
- ADMINISTRATION
530 SQ. FT.
- COURTYARD
2,500 SQ. FT.
- MAINTENANCE
800 SQ. FT.
- SECURITY
200 SQ. FT.
- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
12,600 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
2,520 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
16,000 SQ. FT.
SENIOR LIVING COMPLEX - 40 RESIDENTS - 2-BEDROOM APARTMENTS
900 SQ. FT. PER APARTMENT
- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
36,000 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
7,200 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
43,200 SQ. FT.
176
SPACE PROGRAM
ASSISTED LIVING COMPLEX - 30 RESIDENTS
- 1-BEDROOM APARTMENTS
900 SQ. FT. PER APARTMENT
- PUBLIC DINING HALL
230 SQ. FT.
- KITCHEN, STORAGE AND PREP SPACE
200 SQ. FT.
- ACTIVITY/LIVING ROOM
900 SQ. FT.
- ADMINISTRATION
530 SQ. FT.
- COURTYARD
2,500 SQ. FT.
- MAINTENANCE
800 SQ. FT.
- SECURITY
200 SQ. FT.
- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
32,360 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
6,472 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
39,000 SQ. FT.
ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S BUILDING - 80 RESIDENTS - 2-BEDS PER ROOM (40 ROOMS)
10,240 SQ. FT.
- PUBLIC DINING HALL
460 SQ. FT.
- KITCHEN, STORAGE AND PREP SPACE
400 SQ. FT.
- ACTIVITY/LIVING ROOM
960 SQ. FT.
- FITNESS ROOM
1,000 SQ. FT.
- MEDICAL CONSULTANTS
650 SQ. FT.
- ADMINISTRATION
530 SQ. FT.
- COURTYARD
2,500 SQ. FT.
- MAINTENANCE
800 SQ. FT.
- SECURITY
200 SQ. FT.
-GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
17,740 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
3,548 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
21,300 SQ. FT.
177
SPACE PROGRAM PUBLIC SPACES
RESTAURANTS - SEATING
600 SQ. FT.
- WAITING ROOM
400 SQ. FT.
- KITCHEN
900 SQ. FT.
- STORAGE/BACK OF HOUSE
250 SQ. FT.
- BATHROOMS
250 SQ. FT.
- MECHANICAL
400 SQ. FT.
- ADMINISTRATION
300 SQ. FT.
- LOADING/UNLOADING
300 SQ. FT.
- OUTDOOR SEATING
600 SQ. FT.
- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
4,000 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
1,000 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
5,000 SQ. FT.
SHOPS/RETAIL - BACK OF HOUSE
300 SQ. FT.
- DRESSING ROOMS
100 SQ. FT.
- SHOWCASE ROOM
900 SQ. FT.
- LOADING/UNLOADING
300 SQ. FT.
- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
1,600 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
400 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
2,000 SQ. FT.
HEALTH CLINIC - WAITING ROOM/RECEPTION
500 SQ. FT.
- OFFICES
150 SQ. FT. PER OFFICE (6 OFFICES)
- EXAMINATION ROOMS
500 SQ. FT. PER ROOM (7 ROOMS)
- STORAGE
500 SQ. FT.
- X-RAY ROOMS
1,000 SQ. FT. PER ROOM (2 ROOMS)
-MECHANICAL
600 SQ. FT.
- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
8,000 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
2,000 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
10,000 SQ. FT. 178
SPACE PROGRAM PUBLIC SPACES
MARKET - BACK OF HOUSE
500 SQ. FT.
- LOADING DOCK
100 SQ. FT.
- RETAIL SPACE
2,700 SQ. FT.
- MECHANICAL
500 SQ. FT.
- ADMINISTRATION
200 SQ. FT.
- GROSS SQUARE FEET (GSF)
4,000 SQ. FT.
- CIRCULATION 20%
1,000 SQ. FT.
TOTAL:
5,000 SQ. FT.
OUTDOOR SPACES PUBLIC GREEN SPACES/PARKS PRIVATE GARDENS COMMUNITY SPACE/TOWN SQUARE
179
SPACE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES
OUTDOOR COURTYARDS
DEMENTIA BUILDING
MEDICAL STATIONS
COURTYARD SPACES: 2,500 SQ. FT. OUTDOOR SPACES WILL BE PROVIDED TO THE RESIDENTS AS AN EXTENSION OF THE INDOOR ACTIVITY ROOM. THIS SPACE WILL PROVIDE A SAFE AND RELAXING ATMOSPHERE WHERE RESIDENTS CAN WONDER FREELY.
SUPPORT SPACES
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
RESIDENTS ROOMS 50X50
22X22
32X32
FITNESS ROOM: 1,000 SQ. FT. THIS SPACE IS DESIGNATED FOR EXERCISE, FITNESS TRAINING AND PHYSICAL WELLNESS ACTIVITIES. THIS SPACE WILL PROVIDE: WARMUP/COOL-DOWN, FREE WEIGHTS, CIRCUIT TRAINING, AND CARDIOVASCULAR.
MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT. SUPPORT SPACE FOR ALL MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.
ACTIVITY ROOM: 460 SQ. FT. THIS SPACE WILL BE USED AS A SOCIAL GATHERING SPACE FOR RESIDENTS WITH ROOM FOR A FEW COUCHES, TABLES AND CHAIRS. IT WILL ALSO DOUBLE FOR SPECIAL EVENT NIGHTS HOSTED BY THE FACILITY.
16X16
NURSING STATION: 250 SQ. FT. A SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE STAFF WHILE THEY ARE ON DUTY.
16X16
CONFERENCE ROOM: 240 SQ. FT. A SMALL CONFERENCE ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR STAFF MEETINGS AND BREAKS.
11X11
11X11
11X11
11X11
15X15
KITCHEN: 200 SQ. FT. MINIMUM SPACE REQUIRED FOR STORING, STAGING, AND SERVING FOOD.
29X29
15X15
22X22
12X12
PUBLIC DINNING: 460 SQ. FT. MINIMUM REQUIRED. PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL 12 SQ. FT. PER GENERAL RESIDENT GREATER THAN 40.
SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT. SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR SECURITY SERVICES FOR THE SAFETY OF RESIDENTS.
15X15
180
EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED. ACTIVITIES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEAD OF THE ACTIVITIES DEPARTMENT. EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED. NURSES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE HEAD NURSE/DOCTOR ON STAFF.
10X10
MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT. THIS ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON SITE STORAGE OF ALL MEDICATION FOR RESIDENTS.
8X8
STAFF BATHROOM: 50 SQ. FT. A ONE-ROOM UNI-SEX BATHROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON STAFF WORKERS
8X8 LOBBY: 200 SQ. FT. A LOBBY/RECEPTION SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED. ALL GUESTS WILL ARRIVE THROUGH THIS SPACE AND CHECK IN BEFORE VISITING RESIDENTS.
BEDROOM: 144 SQ. FT. PROVIDE ONE FOR EACH RESIDENT, MINIMUM 40 PEOPLE.
STORAGE: 60 SQ. FT. THIS STORAGE AREA WILL HOUSE UNUSED MEDICAL SUPPLIES: STRETCHERS, WHEELCHAIRS, ETC.
SPACE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES
OUTDOOR COURTYARDS
ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S BUILDING
MEDICAL STATIONS COURTYARD SPACES: 2,500 SQ. FT. OUTDOOR SPACES WILL BE PROVIDED TO THE RESIDENTS AS AN EXTENSION OF THE INDOOR ACTIVITY ROOM. THIS SPACE WILL PROVIDE A SAFE AND RELAXING ATMOSPHERE WHERE RESIDENTS CAN WONDER FREELY.
SUPPORT SPACES
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
RESIDENTS ROOMS 50X50
31X31
32X32
FITNESS ROOM: 1,000 SQ. FT. THIS SPACE IS DESIGNATED FOR EXERCISE, FITNESS TRAINING AND PHYSICAL WELLNESS ACTIVITIES. THIS SPACE WILL PROVIDE: WARMUP/COOL-DOWN, FREE WEIGHTS, CIRCUIT TRAINING, AND CARDIOVASCULAR.
16X16
16X16 MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT. SUPPORT SPACE FOR ALL MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. 29X29
31X31
20X20
PUBLIC DINNING: 480 SQ. FT. MINIMUM REQUIRED. PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL 12 SQ. FT. PER GENERAL RESIDENT GREATER THAN 40.
15X15
ACTIVITY ROOM: 480 SQ. FT. THIS SPACE WILL BE USED AS A SOCIAL GATHERING SPACE FOR RESIDENTS WITH ROOM FOR A FEW COUCHES, TABLES AND CHAIRS. IT WILL ALSO DOUBLE FOR SPECIAL EVENT NIGHTS HOSTED BY THE FACILITY. NURSING STATION: 250 SQ. FT. A SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE STAFF WHILE THEY ARE ON DUTY.
CONFERENCE ROOM: 240 SQ. FT. A SMALL CONFERENCE ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR STAFF MEETINGS AND BREAKS.
KITCHEN: 400 SQ. FT. MINIMUM SPACE REQUIRED FOR STORING, STAGING, AND SERVING FOOD.
SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT. SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR SECURITY SERVICES FOR THE SAFETY OF RESIDENTS.
16X16
11X11
11X11
15X15
181
EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED. ACTIVITIES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEAD OF THE ACTIVITIES DEPARTMENT.
11X11
EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED.
11X11
NURSES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE HEAD NURSE/DOCTOR ON STAFF.
10X10
MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT. THIS ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON SITE STORAGE OF ALL MEDICATION FOR RESIDENTS.
8X8
STAFF BATHROOM: 50 SQ. FT. A ONE-ROOM UNI-SEX BATHROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON STAFF WORKERS
8X8 LOBBY: 200 SQ. FT. A LOBBY/RECEPTION SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED. ALL GUESTS WILL ARRIVE THROUGH THIS SPACE AND CHECK IN BEFORE VISITING RESIDENTS.
BEDROOM: 144 SQ. FT. PROVIDE ONE FOR EVERY TWO RESIDENTS, MINIMUM 80 PEOPLE.
STORAGE: 60 SQ. FT. THIS STORAGE AREA WILL HOUSE UNUSED MEDICAL SUPPLIES: STRETCHERS, WHEELCHAIRS, ETC.
SPACE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES
OUTDOOR COURTYARDS
ASSISTED LIVING COMPLEX
MEDICAL STATIONS COURTYARD SPACES: 2,500 SQ. FT. OUTDOOR SPACES WILL BE PROVIDED TO THE RESIDENTS AS AN EXTENSION OF THE INDOOR ACTIVITY ROOM. THIS SPACE WILL PROVIDE A SAFE AND RELAXING ATMOSPHERE WHERE RESIDENTS CAN WONDER FREELY.
SUPPORT SPACES
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
RESIDENTS ROOMS 50X50
16X16
30X30
ACTIVITY ROOM: 900 SQ. FT. THIS SPACE WILL BE USED AS A SOCIAL GATHERING SPACE FOR RESIDENTS WITH ROOM FOR A FEW COUCHES, TABLES AND CHAIRS. IT WILL ALSO DOUBLE FOR SPECIAL EVENT NIGHTS HOSTED BY THE FACILITY.
MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT. SUPPORT SPACE FOR ALL MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.
16X16
15X15
29X29 15X15
30X30
16X16
2-BEDROOM APARTMENTS: 900 SQ. FT. EACH PROVIDE ONE FOR EVERY RESIDENT. MINIMUM OF 30 RESIDENTS.
PUBLIC DINNING: 230 SQ. FT. MINIMUM REQUIRED. PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL 12 SQ. FT. PER GENERAL RESIDENT GREATER THAN 40.
15X15
11X11
NURSING STATION: 250 SQ. FT. A SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE STAFF WHILE THEY ARE ON DUTY.
CONFERENCE ROOM: 240 SQ. FT. A SMALL CONFERENCE ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR STAFF MEETINGS AND BREAKS.
KITCHEN: 230 SQ. FT. MINIMUM SPACE REQUIRED FOR STORING, STAGING, AND SERVING FOOD.
SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT. SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR SECURITY SERVICES FOR THE SAFETY OF RESIDENTS.
LOBBY: 200 SQ. FT. A LOBBY/RECEPTION SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED. ALL GUESTS WILL ARRIVE THROUGH THIS SPACE AND CHECK IN BEFORE VISITING RESIDENTS. EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED.
182
11X11
ACTIVITIES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE SPACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEAD OF THE ACTIVITIES DEPARTMENT.
11X11
EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. ROOMS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR HEALTH EXAMINATION OF ALL RESIDENTS WHEN NEEDED.
11X11
NURSES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT. OFFICE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE HEAD NURSE/DOCTOR ON STAFF.
10X10
MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT. THIS ROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON SITE STORAGE OF ALL MEDICATION FOR RESIDENTS.
8X8
STAFF BATHROOM: 50 SQ. FT. A ONE-ROOM UNI-SEX BATHROOM WILL BE PROVIDED FOR ON STAFF WORKERS
8X8
STORAGE: 60 SQ. FT. THIS STORAGE AREA WILL HOUSE UNUSED MEDICAL SUPPLIES: STRETCHERS, WHEELCHAIRS, ETC.
SPACE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES
OUTDOOR COURTYARDS
SENIOR LIVING COMPLEX
MEDICAL STATIONS SENIOR LIVING COMPLEX: 36,000 SQ. FT. A COMPLEX WILL BE PROVIDED FOR SENIOR CITIZENS OF AGES 65 YEARS AND OLDER. ALL APARTMENTS WILL BE ADA ACCESSIBLE WITH A KITCHEN, LIVING ROOM, DINING ROOM, BATHROOM, AND TWO BEDROOMS. THIS COMPLEX WILL HOUSE A MINIMUM OF 40 RESIDENTS.
190X190
SUPPORT SPACES
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
RESIDENTS ROOMS
MIXED USE/COMMERCIAL
MIXED USE/COMMERCIAL
127X127
MARKET PLACE: 16,000 SQ. FT. MARKET PLACE WILL BE PROVIDED FOR LOCAL RESIDENTS. THIS SPACE WILL INCLUDE BACK OF HOUSE-FOR STORAGE, LOADING DOCK, ADMINISTRATIVE SPACES, RETAIL SPACE, AND CHECK OUT COUNTERS.
70X70
45X45
100X100
HEALTH CLINIC: 10,000 SQ. FT. A LOCAL HEALTH CLINIC WILL BE BUILT NEAR THE SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES. THIS SPACE WILL PROVIDE AREAS FOR A WAITING ROOM, DOCTORâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S OFFICES, EXAMINATION ROOMS, STORAGE, X-RAY ROOMS AND SPACE FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT.
183
RESTAURANT: 4,900 SQ. FT. SPACE WILL BE ALLOCATED FOR LOCAL RESTAURANTS, BARS AND COFFEE SHOPS. ALL SPACES WILL PROVIDE SEATING, KITCHEN, STORAGE/BACK OF HOUSE, BATHROOMS, AND SPACE FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT.
RETAIL SPACES: 2,000 SQ. FT. SPACE WILL BE ALLOCATED FOR LOCAL RETAIL SHOPS. ALL SPACES WILL PROVIDE BACK-OF-HOUSE, DRESSING ROOMS AND SHOWCASE SPACE.
PROGRAM MASSING This program is split into three different types of design: the Senior Living Facilities, the public spaces, and outdoor spaces. Each design has been broken down to better understand what this community needs and to have a better understanding spatially how these spaces work together, with a specific focus on the senior living facilities.
The most important part of this design is the Senior Living Facilities. This program is geared toward the aging society and since there are different stages of aging, there are four different buildings geared towards those different stages of aging: a dementia building, an Alzheimer’s building, an assisted living complex, and a senior living complex that requires no assistance.
The public spaces are those that every growing and thriving community needs: restaurants, retail spaces, a market, a medical facility, and public outdoor spaces.
SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES
190X190
162X162
SENIOR LIVING COMPLEX: 36,000 SQ. FT.
159X159
ASSISTED LIVING COMPLEX: 26,000 SQ. FT.
ALZHEIMER’S BUILDING: 25,000 SQ. FT.
MIXED USE/COMMERICAL
127X127 100X100 70X70 45X45
MARKET PLACE: 16,000 SQ. FT.
HEALTH CLINIC: 10,000 SQ. FT.
RESTAURANT: 4,900 SQ. FT.
RETAIL SPACES: 2,000 SQ. FT.
184
135X135
DEMENTIA BUILDING: 18,200 SQ. FT.
PROGRAM MASSING
OUTDOOR COURTYARDS
SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES: THE DEMENTIA COMPLEX
MEDICAL STATIONS
SUPPORT SPACES
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
RESIDENTS ROOMS
MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT.
SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT.
COURTYARD SPACES: 2,500 SQ. FT.
ACTIVITY ROOM: 460 SQ. FT.
FITNESS ROOM: 1,000 SQ. FT.
KITCHEN: 200 SQ. FT.
LOBBY: 200 SQ. FT.
CONFERENCE ROOM: ACTIVITIES 240 SQ. FT. OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT.
NURSING STATION: 250 SQ. FT.
PUBLIC DINNING: 460 SQ. FT.
NURSES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT.
EXAM ROOM: EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. 120 SQ. FT.
STAFF BATHROOM: 50 SQ. FT.
STORAGE: 60 MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT. SQ. FT.
185
1 BED PER ROOM (40 ROOMS): 5,760 SQ. FT.
PROGRAM MASSING
OUTDOOR COURTYARDS
SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES: THE ALZHEIMERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COMPLEX
MEDICAL STATIONS
SUPPORT SPACES
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT.
MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT.
COURTYARD SPACES: 2,500 SQ. FT.
DINING HALL: 480 SQ. FT.
FITNESS ROOM: 1,000 SQ. FT.
LOBBY: 200 SQ. FT. KITCHEN: 400 SQ. FT.
ACTIVITY ROOM: 480 SQ. FT.
ACTIVITIES CONFERENCE ROOM: OFFICE: 240 SQ. FT. 120 SQ. FT.
NURSING STATION: 250 SQ. FT.
EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT.
NURSES OF- STAFF BATHROOM: FICE: 50 SQ. FT. 120 SQ. FT.
EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT.
MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT.
STORAGE: 60 SQ. FT.
2 BED PER ROOM (40 ROOMS): 10,240 SQ. FT.
186
RESIDENTS ROOMS
PROGRAM MASSING
OUTDOOR COURTYARDS
SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES: ASSISTED LIVING COMPLEX
MEDICAL STATIONS
SUPPORT SPACES
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
RESIDENTS ROOMS
COURTYARD SPACES: 2,500 SQ. FT.
ACTIVITY ROOM: 900 SQ. FT.
CONFERENCE ROOM: 240 SQ. FT.
NURSING STATION: 250 SQ. FT.
2-BEDROOM APARTMENTS (30 RESIDENTS): 900 SQ. FT. EACH
DINING ROOM: K I T C H E N : 230 SQ. FT. 230 SQ. FT.
ACTIVITIES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT.
NURSES OFFICE: 120 SQ. FT.
187
STAFF BATHROOM: 50 SQ. FT.
EXAM ROOM: EXAM ROOM: 120 SQ. FT. 120 SQ. FT. MEDICATION ROOM: 100 SQ. FT.
MAINTENANCE : 800 SQ. FT. SECURITY: 200 SQ. FT.
LOBBY: 200 SQ. FT.
STORAGE: 60 SQ. FT.
PROGRAM MASSING
SENIOR LIVING FACILITIES: SENIOR LIVING COMPLEX
2-BEDROOM APARTMENTS (40 RESIDENTS): 900 SQ. FT. EACH
188
PROGRAM ADJACENCIES AND RELATIONSHIPS When looking at the program and its relation to the site and the surrounding district, the massing of the design originally was very static. There was a need for mixed use and residential buildings, and the question was how will these different programs fit on the site without segregating them but still offering private outdoor spaces for residents living in the senior living facilities. The answer was to design a site that had green spaces integrated throughout to have a common element that all different programs can interact with and private gardens that can be opened or closed off to the public for the senior living facilities.
NEIGHBORHOOD MIXED USE
PUBLIC GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
PRIVATE GREEN SPACE
CONCEPTUAL MASSING
MASSING DIAGRAM
189
PROGRAM ADJACENCIES AND RELATIONSHIPS The Community for an Aging Societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s program is all encompassing. There are the four different senior living complexes, with mixed use buildings scattered throughout the site connected by public green spaces. This little community is a reflection of the surrounding district with its integration of different building programs on the same city block.
190
COMMERCIAL
MAINTENANCE
MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS
ADMINISTRATION
RESIDENCES
PUBLIC GREEN SPACE
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
PRIVATE GREEN SPACE
COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY Within 20-years, The Community for an Aging Society will have grown to be an integral part of the existing community. With itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unique program that caters to an elderly population, while still interacting with the younger people in the community, this design will become the model for future senior living communities.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
191
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY Moving forward, this project will focus on the design of a building that focuses on the more serious issues of aging-dementia and/or Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Both diseases affect memory and while designing for one is not incumbent of the other, similar programs are needed for both.
CIRCULATION
MAINTENANCE
MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS
ADMINISTRATION
RESIDENCES
PRIVATE GREEN SPACE
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES
192
COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY RESIDENTIAL SPACE
The residential spaces are separate from the main core of the building to create the illusion of independent living. It also creates the feeling of living next door to neighbors, similar to that of the historic district where many might have lived before. All residents have views to the exterior, with some having direct assess to the private exterior green space.
PUBLIC INTERACTION SPACES The public interaction spaces are a crucial part of this design. Located in the center of the complex, these spaces are designed to bring the residents together to interact with each other. They also create a place for the outside community to come and interact with residents so the building does not feel so much like an institution. These spaces also open up to the private courtyard to blend interior and exterior spaces.
193
COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY MEDICAL STATIONS
The medical stations offer residents in-home-care. This space can take care of most minor issues, like colds, scrapes, and burns. There is also a x-ray machine for more serious injuries. Major surgeries and other major injuries, however, must be taken care of at the nearest hospital.
STAFF ROOMS The staff rooms are spaces for nurses and doctors to go to, to take breaks while tending to residents. This space is also for meetings between co-workers, patients and doctors, and doctors meeting with relatives of residents.
194
COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY SUPPORT SPACES
The support spaces include a mechanical room, room for receiving supplies and sending out mail, and a security station. These spaces are meant for staff use only and should be located near/around areas where the staff frequent and where residents have little to no interaction with.
CIRCULATION The circulation spaces are mostly corridors to move residents and staff throughout the complex.
195
COMMUNITY FOR AN AGING SOCIETY PRIVATE GREEN SPACE
This is a private courtyard space for the residents of the dementia complex. It is connected to the adjacent Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building to allow residents more social interaction, but at the same time can be closed off to just the dementia residents when needed.
196
POBLATS MARITIMS MASTER-PLAN The Poblats Maritims master-plan shows the build out of the district over a 20-year period. The future plan is to include the different senior living facilities, more commercial and residential buildings, mixed use complexes, green spaces, and restoration of the historic district to the east.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
197
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
POBLATS MARITIMS 5-YEAR PLAN Within the first 5 years of a 20-year master plan, only the independent senior housing and the dementia buildings would be complete. A market or some other mixed-use building would also be completed as the beginnings of the Community for an Aging Society begins to develop.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
198
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
POBLATS MARITIMS 10-YEAR PLAN After 10 years The Community for an Aging Society sees the completion of an assisted living complex. The project further expands with more commercial and residential buildings being built to add to the diversity of the neighborhood.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
199
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
POBLATS MARITIMS 15-YEAR PLAN After 15 years, all of the different senior living facilities will be completed. The community continues to grow with more mixed-use and residential buildings being built. The rest of the district is also growing as new buildings are being built and existing buildings in the historic district are refurbished.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
200
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
POBLATS MARITIMS 20-YEAR PLAN Within 20 years, the district of Poblats Maritims will continue to grow with the Community for an Aging Society being finished, as well as further development throughout the entire district.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
201
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
POBLATS MARITIMS URBAN SECTION With the completed 20-year master plan, sections have been taken through the site to show the relationships between the different program elements, as well as the relationship of the site to the district as a whole.
GREEN SPACE
HISTORIC DISTRICT
RESIDENCES
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
MIXED USE
A
B
B A
202
POBLATS MARITIMS URBAN SECTION - AA Cut through the site and looking east, this section begins to show the complexity of the dementia building and the relationship between public and private spaces. An underground parking garage for the “operators” and “visitors” of the community, can also be seen.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
UNDERGROUND PARKING
203
POBLATS MARITIMS URBAN SECTION - BB
Cut through the site and looking north, this section shows the relationship between the residential rooms of the dementia building and the private green space. It also shows the relationship between the senior living facility and the commercial buildings on the site, as well as the sites overall relation to the development of the district.
HISTORIC DISTRICT
COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
GREEN SPACE
RESIDENCES
MIXED USE
UNDERGROUND PARKING
204
205
BIBLIOGRAPHY STUDIO WORK CITED
rioslospobladosmaritimos.html.
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