28 Direct Current Circuits CHAPTER OUTLINE 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6
Electromotive Force Resistors in Series and Parallel Kirchhoff’s Rules RC Circuits Electrical Meters Household Wiring and Electrical Safety
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Q28.1
No. If there is one battery in a circuit, the current inside it will be from its negative terminal to its positive terminal. Whenever a battery is delivering energy to a circuit, it will carry current in this direction. On the other hand, when another source of emf is charging the battery in question, it will have a current pushed through it from its positive terminal to its negative terminal.
*Q28.2 The terminal potential difference is e – Ir where I is the current in the battery in the direction from its negative to its positive pole. So the answer to (i) is (d) and the answer to (ii) is (b). The current might be zero or an outside agent might push current backward through the battery from positive to negative terminal. *Q28.3
*Q28.4 Answers (b) and (d), as described by Kirchhoff’s junction rule. *Q28.5 Answer (a). Q28.6
The whole wire is very nearly at one uniform potential. There is essentially zero difference in potential between the bird’s feet. Then negligible current goes through the bird. The resistance through the bird’s body between its feet is much larger than the resistance through the wire between the same two points.
*Q28.7 Answer (b). Each headlight’s terminals are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery. Each headlight can operate if the other is burned out.
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