December, 2011 Santiago of Chile
CLICK&DRAG H E R E
JUANPABLOUGARTE
PORTFOLIO
00
INDEX
PROLOGUE 00 - INTRO
ARCHITECTURE
PROLOGUE 05
ARCHITECTURE
01 - TIL-TIL DF
06
02 - Orchestra Concert Hall and Lookout Terrace
10
03 - Skiing Rest Area
16
04 - Thermal Springs Complex
22
PARAMETRIC DESIGN
RAMETRIC DESIGN
05 - Cracked Wall Cladding Shelf
26
06 - London 100% Design
30
07 - Salone Satellite Milano 2011
34
08 - Stockholm Furniture Fair 2011
38
09 - SOE Bar Shelf
40
10 - CIRCUS Bar
44
11 - Infodemaâs Showrrom
46
COMPETITIONS
RAMETRIC DESIGN
12 - Pino Hachado Open Competition
50
13 - XVII Bienal Competition 27F
54
14 - Nueva ChaitĂŠn Open Competition
56
00
INTRO
This portfolio presents some of the projects developed throughout my academic and professional career. It is conceptually divided into three sections: Architecture, Parametric Design and Contests. This does not imply that these categories are mutually exclusive. Some projects under the Architecture category have been parametrically designed. The same applies for some of projects in the Contests section. Within these chapters, projects are sorted chronologically from most recent to older. I hope you enjoy.
01
TIL-TIL DF
Til-Til, RM, Chile 2011 / gt_2P
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Client: DIMANCHE Ltda. Location: Til–Til, RM, Chile Year: 2011 Materiality: Steel Structure + Glass + Prefabricated Concrete Tiling Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
This project consists of a convention and event center in Til–Til, 30km away from Santiago, Chile, which is intended for diverse uses. It comprises a 25,000 m2 convention center, a 7,500 m2 restaurant, and a 5,000 m2 ecumenical church, among others. The client’s main requirements were to integrate the building complex into the surrounding landscape and to conceive the project as an organic entity, which could eventually be expanded to nearby lands. The project was 100% designed using parametric tools, which provided an adaptable solution to satisfy the client’s demands. It also proposed an efficient use of the available land. The systematization of the design process into generative algorithms allowed the real-time development of multiple proposals by adjusting the main variables, such as distance to the land boundaries, total built area, and building heights, among others. The design process put special emphasis on the development of an environmentally friendly building through the incorporation of green roofing, in order to preserve the original vegetation area of the land.
Design Proccess 1
Scale Alternatives 4
Central Ellipse Influence
Land + Tension Line
2
1
5
Roads + Restricted Area
3
43.040 m2
h: 18.0m / 497.949 m3
39.501 m2
h: 12.0m / 331.975 m3
35.237 m2
2
Volume Strips
6
Programatic Strips
h: 25.0m / 663.933 m3
3
FINAL PROJECT
The parametric design process took the land construction regulations as a pre-existing condition. The proposal was developed taking advantage of those regulations. The entire process can be summarized as follows:
3 - Striping: Division of the land into longitudinal strips for the allocation of diverse uses. 4 - Deforming: Deformation of the strips by the influence of a central milestone. New blank spaces used for parking. 5 - Striping II: Transversal division for programatic/building division.
1 - Land situation: High Tension Line and boundary distancing. 2 - Restriction Zones: Used for roads and parks.
The final proposal adapted the original height in order to provide different budget solutions by changing the usable floor area in the buildings.
Convention Center
Restaurant
Convention Center
Strip Center Gas Station
Central Ellipse
Ecumenical Church
1500 cars <
The project incorporated a wide variety of uses, which were placed in different zones of the land according to how often they would be used. In that sense, the central areaâ around the central ellipse âconcentrates the main buildings: restaurant, gas station and strip center. On the other hand, the peripheral area accommodates the ecumenical church and convention center. The most distant land strips were filled with parking lots and parks, creating a buffer between the neighboring situationsâ highways, secondary roads and adjacent lands â to isolate the project, but also providing the project with the possibility to grow towards the nearby lands following the same formal and functional logic.
2400 m2 < 25000 m2 < 50000 m2 < 2000 m2 < 7500 m2 < 3000 m2 <
02
Orchestra Concert Hall and Lookout Terrace
Rehearsal and Concert Rooms, Easter Island, Chile 2010 / Honors Seminar PRoject, Universidad Catč´¸lica
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Location: Hanga Roa, Easter Island - V Region, Chile Year: 2010 Materiality: Prefabricated Wooden Structure and finishings Supervisor: Alex Moreno Evaluation Commitee: Eduardo Bresciani / Arturo Lyon / Enrique Del Réo
The project involved the development of facilities for the Child and Youth Rapa Nui Orchestra in Easter Island, Chile. Requirements included the design of rehearsal rooms, storage rooms, and services. As an addition to the project, the proposal incorporated public space as a main variable, in order to provide Hanga Roa with a multipurpose-lookout terrace that attempts to compensate for the lack of public infrastructure in town. An essential part of the project was the use of prefabricated components, since many building materials need to be shipped from the mainland to the island. Taking into consideration these limitations, the project remains complex while allowing to be built from easy-to-carry, modular parts. This is extremely important considering that the workforce would also need to be brought from other places, which directly increases maintenance and construction costs during the building process. These considerations had to be conciliated with a sustainable architecture approach based on local traditions, which successfully incorporated the way Rapa Nuiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inhabitants conceive and relate with architecture.
Original Photography: Felipe DÄÂaz
RAPA NUI 27Âş7â10âS 109Âş21â17âO
400 - 1800 A.C Land controlled by natives inhabitants 1970
2008
A 1800 - 1888 A.C Land controlled by French Missionaries
A
1888 - 1947 A.C Land controlled by England
B
B
C C Hanga Roa, 1970
Rapa Nui lands have historically been occupied by different peoples throughout centuries. As a result, the native population has progressively lost its control over the territory. Since 1888, all Rapa Nui native inhabitants were confined to a small area within the island, which finally became the village of Hanga Roa. The reduced size of the zone allocated for settling people had an impact on the land subdivision. As a result, every piece of land was highly divided and currently it is not unusual to see up to four families living in one property. This has deeply affected the way Easter Island inhabitants conceive public spaces, which is one of the main variables that was introduced into this project.
One of the main characteristics of Easter Island is its relation to the sea. Despite the fact that the territory is surrounded by water, for the most part people relate to the ocean by simply establishing visual contact with it. Since a large part of the costal line is virtually inaccessible due to the geographic characteristics of the island, the few places where the sea can be accessed acquire a special significance. Photography: Felipe DĂaz
Hanga Roa is the only human settlement in Easter Island. It is a small town that grew without any land use regulation for more than 100 years. The location of the project was defined based on the data crossing of four main variables:
Available Land
Normative Factibility
1 - As a project conceived to host public activities, the building had to be located in a place near to other public areas. 2 - As stated before, the relation between land and sea in Easter Island takes place at only a few spots and the project intended to be located close to one of them. 3 - The land in Hanga Roa is divided between the native population and the government. The project could only be located in public lands. 4 - A Urban Development Policy has been recently approved in Easter Island. According to that policy, the project could only be located in an area where cultural activities are allowed. Considering the four factors stated above, there was one piece of land in Hanga Roa that met all the required conditions. It was a place called PEA, located in the Civic District (1st condition), adjacent to a small Public Services
beach (2nd condition). It was a piece of government land that was rented to a restaurant that was going to be closed (3rd condition) and it was in a zone that allows the development cultural activities according to the Urban Development Policy (4th condition). Seaâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Land Connection
Photography: Felipe DÄÂaz
AA Section
BB Section
LOOKOUT-TERRACE LEVEL PLAN
Photography: Juan Pablo Ugarte
CC Section
DD Section
ORCHESTRAâS FACILITIES LEVEL PLAN
03
SKIING REST AREA
La Parva Ski Center, RM, Chile 2009 / X Workshop, Universidad Catč´¸lica
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Location: Farellones Skiing Center, RM, Chile Year: 2008 Materiality: Steel frames and wooden panels Software: Rhino 3d + 3ds Studio Max + Maxscript Supervisor: Claudio Labarca / Roger Saintard Evaluation Commitee: Sebastič°Šn Bianchi / Arturo Torres
The project involved the design of a rest area for a ski center, which was developed using parametric design and digital fabrication tools. Also, it incorporated the conceptualization of the building as a three-dimensional entity from the beginning of the design process. During the workshop, the research focused on designing methods that looked for the efficient utilization of materials. I started working with 2D plane-tessellating polygons, such as pentagons and hexagons. Later, when the 3D design came into scene, my investigation focused on diverse polyhedron â&#x20AC;&#x201C;such as dodecahedron and tetradecahedronâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; in order to explore not only the material dimension, but also spatial optimization. Finally, the project was based on Weaire Phelan Structure, which is the best-known solution to partitioning the space into cells of equal volume with the least area between them. The design process aimed to study how this complex 3D structure could resolve the challenges proposed by the workshop, in addition to exploring its architectural potential.
Original Photography: www.flickr.com
MORE EFFICIENT
LESS EFFICIENT
T
T
Sphere v: 27m3 a: 43.5m2
Dodecahedron v: 27m3 a: 47m2
Cube v: 27m3 a: 54m2
Prism v: 27m3 a: 57m2
T
The WeaireâPhelan Structure is a complex 3-dimensional configuration generated by the arrangement of dodecahedrons (12 faces) and tetradecahedrons (14 faces) in a 1:12 ratio. Currently, it is the best-known solution to Kelvinâs Problem, which involves finding the most efficient way to partition the space into cells with equal volume and the least area between them. A key part of the research focused on revealing the logic behind the way the modules could be and could not be combined.
D
As explained before, the WeaireâPhelan Structure is composed of two polyhedrons: dodecahedron (D) and tetradecahedron (T). They are arranged in a 1:12 ratio, which means that in a regular structure there will be twelve tetradecahedron for each dodecahedron. In other words, each one of the latter will be surrounded by twelve of the former. The two polyhedrons are generated from a set of three polygons: ⢠An elliptic-based hexagon (1); ⢠An elliptic-based pentagon (2); ⢠A parabolic-based pentagon (3). The dodecahedron includes only parabolic-based pentagons while the tetradecahedron also has elliptic-based pentagons and hexagons. Three conclusions can be extracted about the polyhedron combination so far: ⢠A (T) and a (D) are connected by a parabolic-based pentagon; ⢠A (T) and a (T) can be connected through any of these polygons; ⢠A (D) and a (D) cannot be joined since they are always surrounded by 12 (T) â that means, on all of their faces.
1 2
Parametric generated WeaireâPhelan Structure
3
3
3
3
TETRADECAHEDRON
Module A a: 8.5x
Module B a: 9.0x
DODECAHEDRON
Module C a: 9.0x
Module D a: 11.0x
Module E a: 6.5x
Both the dodecahedron and tetradecahedron were not suitable for architectural use, at least not as just simple polyhedrons. They lacked horizontal surfaces and, therefore, had to be adapted in order to provide the necessary elements to support the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s program. Consequently, the modules were sectioned at different heights generating usable horizontal areas, emphasizing the possibilities that each of these areas had to be combined with adjacent modulesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; sections. Three possible types of tetradecahedrons and two kinds of dodecahedrons were obtained. They can be combined as follows: A
B
C
D
E
A
B
a1 a2 b1 c1 c2 c3 d1 d2 d3 a1 a2 b1 c1 c2 c3 d1 d2 d3
An algorithm was designed to randomly combine these modules. The script generated the desired number of combinations, controlling parameters like the number of modules and the total usable area. The matrix shows the relations between each module within the structure. b1 b2 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 e1 e2 b1 b2
C
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6
D
e1 e2 e3
E
It can be noticed that it is not possible to combine D and E modules between them or themselves. This occurs since both of them are dodecahedron, which can only be combined with up to 12 tetradecahedron (one per face).
The script developed provides useful tools to analyze the generated polyhedron combinations. Besides combining them to obtain certain number of modules or areas, it paints them showing, for instance, how far each module is from the first one created (left image), which provides clues about the growth of the structure. Also, it shows how many polyhedrons each module is surrounded by (right image). Both tools help to provide a deeper understanding of the complex generated polyhedron combination.
+
3 modules + - 60 m2
3 modules + - 60 m2
+
3 modules + - 60 m2
04
THERMAL BATHS COMPLEX
El Morado National Park, RM, Chile 2005 / IV Workshop, Universidad Catรŕ¸lica
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Selected for Umbrales UC Exhibition Location: El Morado National Park, RM, Chile Year: 2005 Materiality: Eucalyptus wooden log Software: 3ds Studio Max Supervisor: Sebastiรŕ¸n Irarrรŕ¸zaval / Eduardo Castillo Evaluation Commitee: Germรŕ¸n Hidalgo / Margarita Greene
The project involved an experimental approach to the design process. Based on a sculpture developed at the beginning of the workshop, the final building had to have a deep relationship with it and keep a strong coherence through the shift from sculptural object to architectural project. One of the most important aspects to be developed during the process was the structural concept, which had to be extracted from the first sculpture and applied to the final project. In this exercise, the constructive system consisted of a trianglebased, three-dimensional truss, which was unified â&#x20AC;&#x201D;both structurally and formallyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; by a skin made of flexible sticks.
Original Photography: www.flickr.com
The first stage in the design process involved the development of a structural/sculptural object. Then, its formal principles were extracted and translated into a set of plan views. The three-dimensional modeling process was based on these plan drawings and the sculptureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structural system.
⢠Roof
⢠Roof ⢠Beams ⢠Walls ⢠Pillar ⢠Floor structure
⢠Roof ⢠Beams ⢠Walls ⢠Pillar ⢠Floor structure
⢠Roof ⢠Beams ⢠Walls ⢠Pillar ⢠Floor structure
⢠Roof ⢠Beams ⢠Walls ⢠Pillars ⢠Floor structure
⢠Roof ⢠Beams ⢠Walls ⢠Pillars ⢠Floor structure
⢠Beams
⢠Walls
The final project was intended to be located in a mountain zone near Santiago, Chile, which despite its proximity to the city is a difficult access area. For that reason, the building was thought to be built with materials that could be easily found in the area, such as eucalyptus logs. Finally, the project shows coherence with respect to the sculptural object designed at the beginning of the workshop. Both have the same structural system, and also keep a formal resemblance. The main difference is that while the model was developed in a mixed system with steel and vegetal fibers, the final project only considered one material.
⢠Floor
⢠Pillars
05
CRACKED WALL CLADDING SHELF Santiago, Chile 2011 / gt_2P
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Client: MASISA S.A Location: Telefč´¸nica Building, Santiago, Chile Project: 2011 Construction: 2011 Materiality: Veneered MDF 20mm, 1.5mm steel flat bars Software: Rhino 3d + Grasshopper
CRACKED WALL CLADDING SHELF The Cracked Wall Cladding Shelf was requested by Chilean company MASISA S.A for the âExperimenta el Materialâ exhibition in Santiago, Chile. The clientâs idea was to display some of the new veneered MDF panels through an inexpensiveeasy-to-mount design. The proposal consisted on an irregular hexagonal tiling, which can fill the plane in any direction. Based on five different veneered panels, the hexagonal modules were combined so that the final shelf appeared to be formed by many different kinds of wood, instead of just by five types. The design also included wooden pieces perpendicular to the wall plane, generating a hexagonal shelf. For joints, a set of metallic folded pieces was manufactured; there were five different types of them, to solve every possible joint between the hexagons. Those connectors were joined to the wood thanks to magnetic flat bars embedded in it.
Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld
Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld
The convex hexagon tiling used in this project was also used in another similar design (shown in the opposite page) called Cracked Shelf, which was first exhibited during the Salone Satellite Milano 2011. Despite the fact that there are some geometric differences between Cracked Wall Cladding Shelf and Cracked Shelf, the same generative algorithm was used in both cases.
B
Îą
A F
C
Îą
Îą
D
E
The convex hexagon tiling used in these designs is generated from three circles whose radius determine the edges of the hexagon. A=B/C=D/E=F a = 120Âş
Photography: Gabriel Scholnick
06
100% DESIGN LONDON London, UK 2011 / gt_2P
gt2p attended the fair London 100% Design and presented their new Digital Crafting Collection. It features objects and furniture that were designed by integrating traditional Chilean handcraft processes and materials with gt2pâs knowledge of digital design and manufacturing. The concept of this exhibition was based on the incorporation of avant-garde designs and technologies to give new value to Chilean native materials, such as Fair Trade Certified RaulĂ wood from CuracautĂn and alpaca wool. Photography: Gabriel Scholnick
SUPLE STOOL In Chilean colloquial construction language, SUPLE is an improvised, ad hoc object used to fix construction imperfections. The project SUPLE developed by gt2p is a fixing system that allows joining elements with several legs into a single connector piece. SUPLEâs parametric algorithm makes it possible to create connectors for objects like tables, chairs, benches, and stools, among others. Both wooden legs and the metallic SUPLE piece were manufactured from a 3d printed model. Made of steel and wood, SUPLE is the first Chilean design that uses Fair Trade Certified wood in its manufacturing process. It is also part of gt2pâs Digital Crafting Collection.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Material: 20mm RaulĂ wood with Fair Trade certification, Steel for connector piece Height: 45 cm. Width: 30cm. Depth: 30 cm. Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
Photography: Gabriel Scholnick
GUDPAKA LAMP The Gudpaka Lamp is part of gt2pâs Digital Crafting Collection. It brings together parametric design and digital fabrication techniques with traditional Chilean crafting knowledge and materials. The structure was built in thermoformed ABS using a CNC-cut wood matrix. The exterior is covered with a woven skin made with the leftovers of Alpacaâs hair, which is not suitable for making wool. The interior was filled with laser-cut triangular CoiguĚe plywood pieces. Finally, the design was thought as a game of opposites: digital vs. crafts (regarding the design itself); global vs. local (in terms of the manufacturing process); North vs. South (according to the origin of materials); rounded vs. flat (regarding the different shapes in the lamp); and vegetal vs. animal (regarding the materials).
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Material: Thermoformed 2mm ABS, Alpaca wool CoigĂźe 3.5mm plywood Height: 52 cm. Width: 120 cm. Length: 55 cm. Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper Photography: Gabriel Scholnick
Photography: Gabriel Scholnick
TOP VIEW
ISO VIEW
ALPACA WOOL
THERMOFORMED ABS
FRONT VIEW
LEFT VIEW
COIGĂE PLYWOOD
07
SALONE SATELLITE MILAN Milan, Italy 2011 / gt_2P
PEARAPP LAMP
Parametric designed hanging lamp based on a pear and an apple shape. D: 25 cm x 18 cm M: Ceramic
Design of furniture and objects for the Salone Satellite Milan 2011 with gt_2P Parametric Design and Fabrication Studio. Design of the stand booth for the exhibition of the gt_2Pâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s products.
CRACKED SHELF
Modular shelf formed by the arrangement of irregular hexagons which tesselate the plane. D: 50 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm each module M: Plywood
SECTIONIMAL TABLE
Parametric designed Coffee Table. D: 76 cm x 180 cm x 35 cm M: Lacquered MDF + Tempered Glass
PEARAPP LAMP PearApp is a hanging lamp inspired by the shape of a pear and an apple. It was designed through a generative algorithm emulating the way fruit grow. Fruitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing can be synthesized as the extrusion of a shape through a path. In pears, the shape is bigger at the bottom of the fruit, and smaller at the top. In apples, the shape begins smaller at the bottom, then gets bigger at the center and then smaller again at the top. To incorporate these parameters into the algorithm, a set of circles with diverse diameters was parametrically generated. To make the mix between the apple and the pear, each circle was modified from its control vertex, and then extruded through an axis. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Material: Ceramic Diameter: 18 cm maximum Height: 25 cm Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
CRACKED SHELF Cracked Shelf is a piece of modular furniture created to be arranged and grow in any possible way. It is generated through a mathematical algorithm which creates convex hexagons tessellations which completely fill a plane. The parametric design process allows not only to define its shape, but also to generate every constructive component and its fabrication plans and drawings. Cracked Shelf was selected to participate in the Salone Satellite 2011 Design Award. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Material: 20mm Plywood 2, steel flat bar, magnetic dowels Length: 50 cm. Width: 40 cm. Depth: 25 cm. Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
The convex hexagon tiling used in Cracked shelf design is generated from three circles which radius determine the edges of the hexagon.
A=B/C=D/E=F a = 120Âş
A B
Îą
F Îą
C
Photography: Gabriel Scholnick
E
Îą
D
08
STOCKHOLM FURNITURE FAIR Stockholm, Sweeden 2011 / gt_2P
Pick Points
f: 0.15 a: 0.20
f: 0.15 a: 0.40
f: 0.15 a: 0.60
f: 0.15 a: 0.80
f: 0.30 a: 0.20
f: 0.30 a: 0.40
f: 0.30 a: 0.60
f: 0.30 a: 0.80
f: 0.15 a: 0.80
f: 0.15 a: 0.60
f: 0.15 a: 0.40
f: 0.15 a: 0.20
f: 0.30 a: 0.80
f: 0.30 a: 0.60
f: 0.30 a: 0.40
f: 0.30 a: 0.20
Pull Points
Adjust Adhesiveness
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Material: Cristalplant Length: 120 cm maximum Width: 60 cm maximum Height: 30 cm maximum Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper + Kangaroo
UNSTUCK TABLE UnstuckTable is the result of a generative algorithm that allows the creation of a wide array of furniture based on the idea of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;unstickingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; something. Think of a sticker stuck on a surface. Now, picture yourself taking the sticker from different points and releasing them. The points you pull are unstuck, while the rest of the sticker remains adhered to the surface. That is the idea behind the UnstuckTable algorithm. Parameters such as the number of points being pulled, the strength of the pulling, and the adhesiveness of the sticker to the surface allow the creation of multiple objects based on a single generative algorithm and adjustments to those parameters.
Each point represents a Chilean locality affected by 27F earthquake
Each point generates a polygon. This represents the fragmentation caused by the earthquake
The algorithm then connects all the points, passing through the polygon edges, representing the unity of the Chilean people
27F BOWL 27F is a generative algorithm with works with concepts like point proximity and unity. It operates on an array of points. Based on them, it generates Voronoi polygons which edges are subdivided and used to make connections between the first points mentioned. It was developed as a tribute to the Chilean victims of the Earthquake that devastated Chileâs central area on February 27, 2010. It creates a dialogue between the fracturing effect that the earthquake had on Chile â both physically and conceptually â Â and the unifying geometric operation that underlies the algorithm. 27F algorithm is used to design a wide variety of objects, from wall claddings to bowls, like in the image below.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Material: Cristalplant Length: 30 cm Width: 30 cm Height: 6 cm Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
09
SOE BAR SHELF
Ri ncona d a E njo y , R M , C h ile 2011 / gt_2P
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Client: ENJOY Location: Rinconada, RM, Chile Project: 2011 Construction: April 2011 - May 2011 Materiality: 20mm Plywod (SOE Bar) Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
19
16 15
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
17
18
SOE BAR SHELF This shelf was developed inspired by the concept of a tree providing shelter. It is one structure that can be separated into a vertical component and an horizontal one. The design process was entirely made by parametric algorithms, which used a surface as an input and provided the whole set of plan drawings to manufacture the wooden pieces (more than 700) in a CNC Milling Machine. The algorithm steps can be summarized as follows: 1 - A surface is used as input. 2 - Randomly separated planes are generated, perpendicular to the surface. 3 - The surface is intersected with the planes, and the main wooden beams are obtained. 4 - Each beam is paired with the one that precedes it and the one that follows it. Between them, another random algorithm generates horizontal surfaces that will receive the bottles. 5 - Finally, the algorithm provides the drawings to fabricate each wooden piece, and also calculates de quantity of metallic flat bars and screws needed to mount the shelf. The shelf is attached to a metallic structure with pillars and beams that are sustained by metallic tensors attached to a reinforced concrete beam
Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld
Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld
10
CIRCUS BAR
Ri ncona d a E njo y , R M , C h ile 2011 / gt_2P
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Client: ENJOY Location: Rinconada, RM, Chile Project: 2011 Construction: April 2011 - May 2011 Materiality: 2mm Thermoformed ABS Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
FLOW BAR WALL CLADDING This wall cladding was designed using the concept of blowing over a surface. The effect that wanted to be achieved was to generate a relief pattern over a wall that gave the impression of a fluid in movement. This was accomplished through a tiling of a thermoformed plastic piece. There are six kinds of pieces, each one with a differentheight protuberance. The challenge was to make an eyelooking irregular pattern based on a reduced variety of elements to fill the wall with. The vertical lines unify all the pieces, but most importantly, establish the distance interval within the pieces can be allocated, considering that the vertical stripes have to always match between one cladding and other. The algorithm which was used to make this product used a mathematical function to decide what kind of piece put in a determined coordinate, using a mix of pseudo random seeds and equations over a surface to determine if a same kind of piece were too close to other another. The wall cladding is made of thermoformed ABS, based on a CNC cut wooden mold.
Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld
11
INFODEMAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S SHOWROOM Arauco Towers, Santiago, Chile 2010 / gt_2P
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Client: Infodema Location: Arauco Towers, Santiago, Chile Project: 2010 Construction: Oct. 2010 - Mar. 2011 Materiality: 20mm Plywood with 2mm Pino Veneer Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
This project consists in the arrangements of Infodemaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s central offices and showroom. The client main interest was to develop an interior architecture which could show the outstanding possibilities that their products offer to architecture and construction â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Infodema is a wood constructive components retailer. One of the major issues in Infodemaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s facilities was the large amount of technical installations that were hanging from the ceiling. However, that was considered as a chance to develop an innovative solution which could deal with all those elements that could not be modified. The project was approached with parametric design techniques, providing multiple project alternatives. Finally, the chosen one was a undulating ceiling which covered the undesired elements, generating an elegant an sober solution. As the initial request of Infodema contemplated the use of some of their best materials, it was decided to make a surface with very low curvature radius, which has always been a difficult thing to do with wood. However, Infodema provided their extra thin and flexible Surflex, a double grained wooden veneer which allowed to solve the auto-imposed technical difficulty.
Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld K.
1 - The given condition: Air conditioning, power supply and fire mains.
2 - Development of the surface and structuring based on wooden CNC cut beams
3 - The beams were tied by 20mm plywood, bounding each pair of beams.
3 - All this structure got attached to the reinforced concrete ceiling, using aluminum tensors. Each beam had at least one of them in each end.
Photography: Aryeh Kornfeld K.
12
PINO HACHADO OPEN CONTEST
Pino Hachado Land Border, IX Region, Chile 2010 / gt_2P
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS 1st Place on Open Art Contest Client: Ministry of Public Infraestructure, Government of Chile Location: Pino Hachado Land Border, IX Region, Chile Project: 2010 Materiality: 6mm aluminium composite Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
Located at R-181 Route in RegiĂłn de La AraucanĂa, Chile, 5 km away from the Argentinaâs border, is the Pino Hachado Border Crossing Complex. The building houses all the offices regarding the Chilean borders custody: International Police, Customs Service, SAG, Carabineros de Chile, CONAF; and it also accomodates some Argentine services of migration and customs, among others. The Departamento de Arquitectura del Ministerio de Obras PĂşblicas, in conjunction with the ComisiĂłn Nemesio AntĂşnez, under the orders of the GobernaciĂłn Provincial de Malleco, called a public art contest oriented to all the chilean artists interested in the development of an art installation in the border crossing complex. The place to be intervened was a vertical plane of 45.0 meters width and 7.88 meters height located 6 meters from the ground inside the building, more specifically at an interior parking inside the complex.
REPRESENT
REBUILD
The project proposes a change from the plain act of âpass byâ to the more significant act of âpass throughâ- in this case, to pass through the project. As âpass byâ is meaningless and automatic, âpass throughâ is conscientious and active, implying a relation with the context. In this sense, the proposal tries to make the change of scenario explicit- the pass from Argentina to Chile and vice-versa, through a travel across the four lecture layers in the project which requires an involvement of the subject, especially considering that the 45 meter wide intervention is meant to be entirely covered by the subject, as it canât be seen entirely from just one point. Retorno Araucano only reveals completely to whom goes through it, across this four level journey, composed by: I. Represent In rebuilding the chronological process of the projectâs design, the first step was to catch the natural context of the Pino Hachado Border Crossing Complex. The technique employed was the creation of an image, an abstract composition incorporating the principal geographic elements present in the zone: The mountain and its glaciers, the araucaria forest, and the lakes and rivers. The main goal in this action is to put the subject in contact with the character of the context, specifically with the araucaria forest
REESTRUCTURE
II. Rebuild The second step was to rebuild the experience of the context of the project from the perspective of the Mapuche culture (a native culture from the zone). If the first level of apprehension of reality is and image of it, a second level is the translation of that image to a set of symbols and codes which allow the subject to validate that image in a socio-cultural context. In that sense, rebuilding the image (first level apprehension) to make it a mosaic-like tiling pattern based in the Mapuche culture motifs, present in their geometric work with fabrics, was a logic second step on the design process.
PASSâTHROUGH
For the construction of the mosaic pattern, the creation of an algorithm was necessary. The generative design process allowed the tessellation of the vertical plane (the same plane used to generate the image) using a set of curves. This made the rebuilding process easier and more accurate, but mainly let the design team manipulate and modify the design in real-time, as many times as it were necessary. Variables like the tiling density and distribution were adjusted several times in order to achieve the desired effect.
III. Reestructure The image created in the first step, rebuilt in a second stage, was restructured with a new algorithm process. This process operated with the first image and with a flat surface. The goal was to modify the surface geometry using information provided by the image â&#x20AC;&#x201C; information such as light and shadow levels, shades and tones. The process may seem complex, but it is not: it basically consists on associating every pixel of the image to an (x,y,z) coordinate of the surface. Then, by a set of mathematical and geometric operations, every (x,y,z) coordinate point that determines the surface shape is modified in its position by information provided by its corresponding pixel. For example, every difference in the shading tone of the image is translated to the surface as a deformation on its local z axis. That way, the surface is not flat anymore and it becomes relieved, not randomly but in an intentional way. Out of this procedure a new surface is obtained; this surface is used as input in another algorithm which generates a set of parallel sections that give volume to the intervention, so far flat. This sections, as responding in its generative process to the image, are related to it, so If looked from an oblique angle, it seems that the mountains and the forest were emerging from the image IV. Passâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Through Finally, the invitation the project makes to the subject is to pass through it - as opposed to just pass by, as mentioned at the beginning. This, because the image underlying the sections canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be entirely seen from a single spot in the building. In that sense, these sections always hide a part of the project, which can only be revealed by passing through it. By doing this, the project reveals itself step by step, always showing a new aspect of it in each stride, as it happens while passing through an araucaria forest, or while crossing the border between Chile and Argentina.
13
XVII BIENAL CONTEST 27F Concepcič´¸n, VIII Region, Chile 2010 / gt_2P
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS Client: Ministry of Public Infraestructure + Architects Association of Chile Location: Concepcič´¸n, VIII Region, Chile Project: 2010 Work Team: gt_2P + Gonzalo Cavada + Antonia Isaacson Software: Rhino3d + Grasshopper
The proposal for the February 27th earthquake memorial consists in the installation of 51 inverted pendulums that oscillates with wind. It evocates the Chilean people resilience, their strength to overcome adversity. It is a living monument that occupies the highest area in the Bicentenary Park, at San Pedro de la Paz. It invites the individual to meditation but also to remembering the earthquake through testimonies of the people who faced the catastrophe. The project is located at the encounter of the reconstruction axis and the bicentenary axis of Concepcič´¸n. The importance of that place, led to the creation of a public park, within the memorial is located. They configure a civic square but also a recreational area in front of Bio-Bio River. These pendulums incorporated a mechanical system to produce energy while bending because of the wind, in order to supply the energetic demand of the park luminaries.
14
NUEVA CHAITEN OPEN CONTEST Santa Bč°Šrbara, XI Regič´¸n, Chile 2010
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Client: Ministry of Public Infraestructure, Government of Chile Location: Santa Bč°Šrbara, XI Regič´¸n, Chile Project: 2010 Work Team: Juan Pablo Ugarte + Flavio Sciaraffia
City
15000 +hab
City
5001 - 15000 +hab
Town
2001 - 5000 +hab
Village
1001 - 2000 +hab
Village
501 - 1000 +hab
Village
301 - 5000 +hab
Hamlet
1 - 300 +hab
Puerto Montt (153.118)
Airport
Calbuco
Dock
(12.165)
Hospital Health Center Rural Clinic
Hornopiren
Nursery Fire Station Police Station Police Ward Bank High School Elementary School
(2.406)
Ancud
(27.292)
Panamerican Highway Austral Highway Palenaâs Interstate Sea Route TRAVEL TIMES 1 - 2 hr 2 - 4 hr 4 - 8 hr +8 hr
Ayacura Norte (99) Ayacura Sur (170) Buill Norte (175)
Castro
(29.148)
Pumalla(33) Dyacard Sur(69)
Chana(79) Santa Barbara
Quellon
On May 6th, 2008, the chaiten Volcano erup- (13.656) ted. As a consequence, the city of Chaiten, located 10km away, resulted completely devastated. In 2010, the Chilean Government called an open contest to develop proposals for Nueva chaitĂŠn, located in the opposite slope of ChaitĂŠn Volcano. The contest had it focus on the development of a susteinable city which included the wishes and desires of Old ChaitĂŠn inhabitants who participated in a previous stage of design with the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism.
CHAITEN (4.065)
El Amarillo(88) Puerto Cardenas(21)
Futaleufu (1.153)
Villa Santa Lucia (136)
Palena (970)
In that sense, the project centered on a holistic proposal for Nueva ChaitĂŠn, including not only sustainable design criteria regarding buildings and houses, but also incorporating those principles into the conception of the city as a whole, in which is known as Urban Circle Metabolism. Original Photography: www.nuestroclima.org
One of the main aspects to take into consideration while developing a master plan for a city like Nueva ChaitÄĹ n, is the isolation condition in which it is immersed. There are several aspects in which the isolation can be quantified, like travel times and distances to major cities, autonomy
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
regarding the supplying of basic goods, the existence of well developed services, access to education and health, among others. In all these criteria, ChaitÄĹ n has a really low score, which means it is a highly isolated human settlement.
OLD CHAITEN / NEW CHAITEN
OLD CHAITEN CURRENT SITUATION
E
LEYENDA / RECURSOS
A
D ENERGĂA SOLAR
E. SOLAR ELĂCTRICA
MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DEL BOSQUE / CERTIFICACIĂN DE LEĂA SECA
HIDRO
$
MATRIZ ELĂCTRICA SISTEMA PALENA: PLANTA HIDROELĂCTRICA EN RĂO AZUL
PLANTA ELĂCTRICA A BIOGĂS
LEĂA
BIO
BIOGĂS
B
$
$
AGUAS GRISES
$
CONTENEDORES BARRIALES
AGUA LIMPIA SISTEMA INTERCONECTADO DE RECOLECCIĂN, DRENAJE Y TRATAMIENTO NATURAL DE A. LLUVIAS Y AGUAS GRISES
RESIDUOS SĂLIDOS ORGĂNICOS AGUA POTABLE
COMBUSTIĂN LEĂA
$ PLANTA RECICLAJE
BALĂN BIOGĂS
CO2 COMPOST
CO2 COMPOST
LEĂA FUTALEUFĂ
PALENA
BIOGĂS
CRITERIOS EFICIENCIA ENĂRGĂTICA
INVERNADEROS BARRIALES
$
$
AGUAS NEGRAS
A.S
AGUA LIMPIA
BIOSĂLIDOS FERTILIZANTES PLANTA A. SERVIDAS TRIPLE FUNCIĂN: TRATAMIENTO AGUAS, PRODUCCIĂN DE BIOGĂS POR DIGESTIĂN, GENERACIĂN DE BIOSĂLIDOS FERTILIZANTES (RESIDUOS SĂLIDOS DE LA DIGESTIĂN)
R.S RELLENO SANITARIO VIEJA CHAITĂN
BIODIGESTIĂN A.NEGRAS+R.S ORGANICOS=BIOGĂS
BIOGĂS
E. SOLAR TĂRMICA
LEĂA
LĂMITE URBAN0 NUEVA CHAITĂN
CAPTACIĂN AGUA POTABLE POR POZO PROFUNDO EXISTENTE AGUAS LLUVIAS
Another diagnosis was made considering Chaiten as a system. This means, considering all the inputs and outputs that it produces. This kind of analysis is frequently known as âcities metabolismâ, since it considers them as they were a living entity. In this sense, ChaitĂŠn turned to be a really inefficient city when it came to energy usage and waste recycling. The image above shows a diagram with the proposed metabolism functioning, incorporating technologies to purify dark waters, recycle wastes and producing bio-energies.
BAHĂA DE SANTA BĂRBARA
CAMPOS DE LA ENERGiA:
PLAZA DE LAS AGUAS CIVICAS
Este espacio pĂşblico condensa el marco conceptual y tĂŠcnico de la propuesta. Aqui ocurre la transformaciĂłn de los residuos o desechos urbanos en en diversas fuentes energĂŠticas -biogĂĄs, electricidad, biosĂłlidos fertilizantes- permitiendo el funcionamiento metabolico circular de nueva ChaitĂŠn. Se plantea como un espacio de interpretaciĂłn abierto a la comunidad, de manera de dar cuenta de este proceso, integrĂĄndose a la trama urbana como un lugar de esparcimiento ligado a la naturaleza e infraestructuras urbanas.
Si bien el manejo de aguas lluvias es transversal a la propuesta general, la plaza del campus Camahueto se plantea como una oportunidad para darle un uso novedoso a las infraestructuras de almacenamiento de aguas lluvias. Entiendo su versatilidad en cuanto a los usos urbanos asociados a este tipo de obras, se proyecta un lugar con un doble propĂłsito y temporalidad:en primer lugar funciona como una laguna de retenciĂłn de aguas lluvias para el manejo de crecidas y luego como un anfiteatro urbano para las diversas manifestaciones de indole ciudadana, las cuales tienen lugar en las zonas de inundaciĂłn de la laguna.
A
C
INVERNADEROS Y PUNTO LIMPIO
A nivel de manzana aparecen estos dos programas que son esenciales para el funcionamiento circular de la propuesta. Se dividen los residuos, llevando los orgĂĄnicos a la planta de compostaje para luego ser devueltos en forma de biosĂłlidos fertilizantes, los cuales se utilizan en el cultivo para autoconsumo dentro de la manzana.
A' PARQUES COMUNITARIOS.
C'
Consiste en un lugar central, dentro de los macrolotes, que alberga programas de barrio. En los parques se ubica un equipmaiento mĂnimo de barrio: la cede social o junta de vecinos, un jardĂn infantil y espacio deportivo y para juegos. Aprovechando el sistema de aguas lluvias y sus infraestructuras de almacenamiento, se decide ocupar los estanques de retenciĂłn del sistema con espacio deportivo y recreacional en su nivel inferior. Cuando las precipitaciones llenan el nivel bajo, aparece una pequeĂąa laguna que aporta otra cualidad paisajĂstica en periodos de invierno.
MIRADOR SOLAR Y COSTANERA.
Consiste en un sistema que parte en la plaza cĂvica, p interpretaciĂłn: en este caso, dar cuenta de la fuente en baja por la ladera, recogiendo las vistas de la bahĂa de S la limpieza y regulaciĂłn de las aguas que escurren y se extremos por el mercado de la ciudad y un deck con coc
CAMPUS DEPORTIVO.
Este espacio utiliza la topografia para albergar los programas deportivos y las edificaciones que los albergan. Funciona en dos niveles: el superior posee un circuito peatonal y ciclovĂa, intercalando zonas de picnic, ademĂĄs de permitir el acceso a las instalaciones deportivas. El nivel inferior alberga los programas deportivos, en un contexto natural rematando en una laguna central que recoge e infiltra la escorrentia de aguas lluvias inusual que produce este accidente topogrĂĄfico artificial.
B
para dar paso a un remate -el mirador solar- el cual funciona como un lugar de nergĂŠtica solar para el alumbrado urbano. Luego se transforma en un recorrido que Santa BĂĄrbara, llegando a una laguna existente cuya funciĂłn ecolĂłgica principal es e infiltran en el terreno. La costanera incluye un paseo bordemar flanqueado en sus ocinerĂas que miran hacia la caleta de pescadores.
B'
UNIFAMILIAR HOUSE
UNIFAMILIAR HOUSE
APARTAMENT BUILDING
The urban circle metabolism functions in all the scales within the city. This means that for the city to function as a whole, the parts have to work as a part of that whole. Therefore, the most important aspect of the project was to generate housing units which could function like self sustainable clusters. The whole proposal puts major emphasis in how these basic units of a major system have to work in order to generate a sustainable city when taking all of them together. It is also important that the most elemental unit within the city â a house â has to function as part of the system. In that sense, three basic house typologies were proposed, to present an economical variety, considering the population of Chaitenâs resources.
MĂnimo 150 viviendas, 30% FSI/FSII + 30% DS40 T.1+ 40% Libre.
PROYECTO DE INTEGRACIĂN SOCIAL FSII SUBSIDIO AHORRO SUBSIDIO AMPLIACION ALTURA (30%) SUBSIDIO LOCALIZACION Y HABILITACIĂN AHORRO FONDO INICIATIVA SUBSIDIO FONDO INICIATIVA SUBSIDIO EQUIPAMIENTO CRĂDITO HIPOTECARIO BONO INTEGRACIĂN SUBSIDIO RENOVACIĂN URBANA TOTAL (UF)
casa 320 30 0 200 0,5 7 5 241,5 0 0 562,5
DS40 tramo 1 200 100 0 0 0 0 0 550 100 200 600
CaracterĂsticas
DS40 titulo II 200 100 0 0 0 0 0 1400 100 200 600
Subisidio
%
Programa
m2
Agrupamiento
Pisos
Valor x m2 constr. (UF)
FSII
30%
3 dormitorios 1 1/2 baĂąos
65
adosado
3
9
DS40 T.1
50%
3 dormitorios 1 1/2 baĂąos
70
adosado
3
11
DS40 T.2
20% 3 dormitorios 2 baĂąos
80
aislado
2
13
end