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MESSAGE His Imperial Highness Prince Takamatsu Patron, The Second World judo Championships It is still fresh in my memory Ithat Ithe World Judo Championships, the first one ever witnessed in its history, were splendidly held in 1956 in Tokyo, realizing brilliant achievements with success. On this occasion of the opening of the Second World Judo Championships, realized today after two years by cooperation of all those concerned, I wish to express my hearty congratulations to them and to extend my warm welcome to the participants and officials from abroad who travelled a long distance. In recent years, Judo, originating in Japan, has rapidly spread throughout the world. In particular, the First World Judo Championships successfully strengthened and amplified the organization of International Judo Federation, promoted friendly relations among Judo-men of the world, and remarkably developed the spirit and technique of Judo. And, furthermore, Judo has become so much influential over the sports, that modern Judo may be said to have stepped in the time of its world-wide prosperity from the time of popularization. It is no doubt that the Second Championships will make an incaluculable contribution to foster the cause of Judo throughout the world. I do trust the competitors will exert their best effort, both in skill and in strength, to realize their purpose of participation in the contest, and to master thoroughly the true essence of Judo on this occasion. It is also hoped that they will further promote friendly relations among each other by having a meeting overflowing with a peaceful and harmonious atmosphere among people concerned. I believe they will achieve f~lly the purpose of the Championships to cultivate the amity of nations through Judo and to contribute toward the world peace and human happiness. In closing, I do hope all our guests will have a very good time during their sojourn in Japan, blessed with good health.
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GREETINGS OF WELCOME Risei
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President, The Second World judo ChamPionshiPs The First World Judo Championships were held in May, 1956, in Tokyo among participants from twenty nations with a great success. It is the greatest happiness for me to extend my hearty welcome to the participants from abroad in the Second World Judo Championships.
It is desirable, I assert, that such a meeting should take place at different cities of the world Regrettable to say, however, there cannot be found a country where Judo is so widely popular as in Japan, the birthplace of Judo. I know there was a suggestion to hold the Second World Championships in Europe, which could not be materialized on account of some difficulties. It is my earnest desire that Judo will increase friendships and feelings of respect among the world nations to bring about a peaceful world in the future. This hope, I am sure, corresponds with the ideal of the late Professor Jigoro Kano, the founder of theKodokan the lofty moral goal of mutual prosperity. We, all concerned, have endeavoured to give our best efforts to administrate the Championships satisfactorily and creditably. And we sincerely hope that the participants and officials from abroad will kindly understand our sincerity and cooperate with us to carry this event to the brilliant perfection.
just like Olympic Games for the promotion of international goodwill.
(2)
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MESSAGE Nobusuke Kishi
Prime Minister Before anything else, I wish to extend a heartfelt welcome to the athletes and officials of 10 nations who have flown to Japan from distant cities to take part in the Second World Judo Championships. It is one of the greatest pleasures that Judo has imbued the world nations with its spirit and technique year by year beyond political ideas. The First World Judo Championships, held two years ago, were an epoch-making event, one which added a glittering page to the history of v.orld sport. Under their stimulus, Judo abroad has made great strides forward . The Second Championships just beginning will give us an admirable opportunity to see this for ourselves. While the numbe r of judoists taking part is greater than last time, it is in quality far more than in quantity that we expect to see the greatest improvement. I am convinced that in the coming matches we shall see displ ayed a true spirit of fairness and sportsmanship. I pray that the championships will be a true success in every way, and that the judoists and officials who have come from abroad will spend a happy time in Japan, seeing a nd understanding Japan as she really is, so that the championships may eventually contribute to the peace and happiness of the whole world.
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MESSAGE Aiichiro Fujiyama Minister of Foreign Affairs It is one of my the greatest delight that Judo, having originated in our country and now winning maturity to an amazing extent all over the world, and is playing a significant role in fostering the cause of international amity in these modern years when athletic sports are an incentive to
the promotion of international friendly relations among world nations.
And, furthermore , it is my pleasure that the Second World Judo Championships are going to be held in Tokyo again in sequence to the first championships. In these days of Judo developing more on the globe since the First Championships, the said Second World Judo Championships, favoured by participation of many foreign Judokas of superior ability, will be one of the greatest objects of the world's attention and expectation in the field of sport.
I sincerely hope for the glorious fruition of international goodwill
through the Championships where more substam1a1 and fairly contested matches will be seen than in the first championships. To the participants and officials from faraway countries, I would like to extend my wholehearted welcome and · to trust them to accomplish the purpose · of their participation in this great event, deepening the mutual understanding among each other through Judo. In conclusion I should hope again that all the competitors will play good matches in the best of spirits natural to this traditional sport and strive to obtain excellent results with great s uccess in these Second World Championships.
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MESSAGE Kokichi Nadao Minister of Education On the opening of the Second World Judo Championships sponsored by the International Judo Federation, I cordially offer my heartiest congratulations to all concerned. It is a matter of course that sports take a significant role for the physical education of body and mind and for building up a refined personality. As an international sport, Judo, first originated in our country, has rapidly spread to other countries, producing many Judo enthusiasts excellent in their skills and techniques all over the world. And it is a matter of rejoicing for the promotion of physical training to have the Second World Judo Championships much more brilliantly displayed than on the last occasion. Now I would like to express my warm welcome to the participants of many far-off countries, an]! I believe this great event will not only show the real spirit of Judo to the world but also do much to cultivate the international goodwill. For the players, I sincerely hope they should play fair and square, giving full play, and, will achieve the expected results. Also, it is desired for the participants from abroad that they will fully understand the true essence of Judo at this moment as well as the state of affa~rs in Japan and further foster friendly relations of the world. In conclusion, I wish from the bottom of my heart all the players shall fight bravely, and ensure the success of this world- wide Judo meeting.
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coNTEsT RuL'Es OF TI-lE KODOKAN JUDO (Recognized Officially by the All-Japan Judo Federation) Revised March 2t, 1951 Revised May 6, 1955
Article 1. The Contest Area shall, as a rule, be a square plat form, 30 feet ( Approximately 9.09 meters) in length and width, raised to such a height as conditions (note ) require, and covered with 50 pieces of "Tatami". (Sea Appendix A lor "Tatami" ) To preinjouries and
other dangers,
the a rea a round the perimeter of the Contest Area, shall further be bordered by either "Tatami " or mats lor a width of 6 feet ( approximately 1.82 metres ) and lowered by 6 inches from the said platform . If and when, for lack of space or other circumstances, sufficient area cannot be provided, the ~on ditions prescribed in the preceding paragraph may not necessarily be followed st rictly. However, the demarcation line between the Con test Area and the area around the perimeter must be marked distinctly. It is permissible to substitute canvas or vinyl matting or the like lor "Tatami-omote" or rush matting . Note: Governing conditions will depend upon size and scope ol the contests, number of spectaCors, arrangement of
seating, etc .
COSTUME Article 2. The contestant shall wear " Judo-gi" or Judo Costume. ( See Appendix B for "Judo-gi") Both contestan~s shall, as a rule, wear a red or whi te cord or strap
respect:ive!y, as their own signs, tied over around their regulation belts . The Judo-gi to be worn by the contestant shall comply with the following conditions; ( a ) The jacket shall be long enough to cover the hips, when t ied at the waist by a
belt or sash; ( b) The sleeves shall be loose, (there must be an opening or play of at least more than one
and
a
quarter
(c) T he trousers sha ll be loose, (t here must be an o pe ning o r play of at least more thar one
CONTEST AREA
vent
betw een t he cu lf and foredr m ) a nd sh all e xt e nd more lhan ha lf way dow n th e fore arms;
inches'
( a pp l oximately 3 centimeters)
and
a
quarter
inches
(approximately 3 centi meters ) between the bo ttom of the trousers and the leg ) and shall reach more than half way down the legs ; (d) The belt or sash must be tied properly with a square knot, tight enough to prevent the jacket !rom com ing loose, and must be long enough to go twice around the body with its two ends left free at least 6 inches ( approxima tely 15 centimeters ) from the knot when tied . Article 3. The contestants mus t keep their finger and toe na il s cut short; and must not wear any articles, such as rings , ornament:s, etc., liable to cause in jurt to the opponent .
CONTEST Article 4. The contestants s h a ll stand approximately twelve feet (approximately 3.64 meters ) apart, at the center of the C o ntest Area, facing each other, and exchange a salute by bow ing to each other simultaneously . After finishing the salutation, the contest shall be started immediately upon the announcement: of ''Hajime" ("Start" or "Go") by the Referee . As a rule, the salutation for the contest shal' be made in standing posture; however, the s~lutat.ion in ;ormal Japanese kneeling pos ture may be used instead . In the latter case . the contestants shall finish the salu t ation, stand up facing each other, and then the conte;t shall be star ~ ed immediately at the announcement of "Hajime" by the Referee . Article 5. When a contest come to an end, the contestants shall .e ~ u r n
to
the
poi i tion
originally
taken at the start of the contest, facing each o t her and, following the indication or declaration by the Referee, the contestants shall make the standing or kneeling salutation simultaneously . Article 6 . The result of a contest shall be judged on the basis of "Nage-waza" ( Art of Throwing or Throwing Teohniques ) and "Katame-waza" ( A rt of Grappling
(16)
o• Grdppling Techniqu e s ). Art icl e 7 . The result of a co n· test shall be dec ided on the basis o f not more than "lppon " ( one p oi nt ).
Article 8. The contest shall be started with both contestants in standing posture . Art icle 9 . In the following cases, a conte s tant may shift into tech niques in a lying
position.
~ow
e ·ler, if any technique applied is not continued properl1, the Referee may, at his discretion, make t~e contestants stand up . ( a ) When a contes tant , after o btaining some result by his throwing techniques, shifts without interruption into tech -
niques in a lying position and takes the offensive; ( b ) When a contestant falls wh il e applying a throwing te chn i que
against
his
nent ;
when a
contttstant
or
oppo-
takes the offensive when his opponent fa lis down ; ( c ) When a contestant, after obtain ing, in a standing posi tion, some resull by "Sh ime waza" ( strangling technique ) or
"Kansetsu -waza "
( bone-
locks ) , shifts without interrup t ion int o
te chniques
ing positi o n a nd offensive .
in a ly -
takes
the
Article 10. The time limit lor a contest shall be fr o m 3 to 20 minutes and such limit shall be fixed beforehand . However, the above
limit
may be
extended, in
certain special cases . Article 11 . When the time allot ted for the contest is expired, the Referee shall be notified by the ringing of a bell or some other means.
Article 12. Any te chnique appli ed simultaneously with the signal notifying expiration ol the time limit shall be judged as val id . In the case ol an " Osaekomi " ( hold ing ) officially announ ced, the time limit shall be extended until the "Osaekomi " is completed or broken. Article 13. Any technique appli ed when one or both of the con testants are outside of t.he Con test Ar~ 1a, shall be judged as null and voi~. Article 14. technique is
When succes.s;ful,
throw ing and, at
the moment, the contestant apply ing the technique stays within the Contest Area, and more tha r. half
of the body of his opponent remains within the Contest Area, the technique shall be judged as valid. Article 15. If an "Osaekomi': (holding) is officially announced and the- contestants are judged as getting outside of the Contest Area, the Referee shall announce "Sono-mama" ("Do not move", or "No movement" ) to the contestants, order
them to remain mo-
t'! onless, pull them well within the ierimeter of the Contest Area · with their relative positions unaltered, and make them continue the Contest
by
announcing
11
Yoshi"
("Go" or "All right") . In this. case the time between the announcements
of
"Sono-mama"
and
"Yoshi" shall be taken out from the time reguiced for completing the "Osaekomi" ( holding ).
JUDGMENT OF CONTEST Article 16. The Referee shall have the sole responsibility for the conduct of the bout. His decision shall be final and without appeal. Article 17. As a rule, there shall be one Referee and two Judges . However, depending upon the scope and nature of the contest, there may be only one Referee. Also the employment of one Referee and one Judge is permissible. Article 18. The Referee shall stay inside of the Contest Area, and administer the progress and the judgment of the contest. Article 19. The Judges sha II assi~t. the Referee. The two Judges take positions at opposite cprners and outside of the Contest Area and shall not encroach upon the Contest Area. '
:Jia11
The Referee shall ·Article 20. start the contest by announcihg. "Hajime" ("Start" or 11 Go" ) , ~f ter the contestants have finished their salutation. Article 21. If a contestant ,;.ins. a contest by a throwing or grappling technique, the Referee sha II announce 0 lppon" or "One Point", stop the contest, make both contestants return to the position originally taken at the start of the contest, and indicate the winner by raising his hand towards him . Article 22. If a contestant scores a "Wa.!a-ari" or 11 Ha1E Point", the
Referee shall announce "Wazaari". Should the same contestant gain a second 11Waza-ari", th• Referee shall announce "Waza-ari, Awasete lppon" or "One Point by Two Tech,;iques", stop the contest, make both contestants return to the positions originally taken lw them at the start of the contest, and indicate the winner bt raising his hand to,yard him . Article 23. When the Referee judges that a contestant secures a complete hold by "Osaekomiwaza" (holding technique ), he shall announce "Osaekomi" ( holding). When the hold is broken aher it was announced as "Osaekomi", the Referee shall announce "Osaekomi T oketa" or "Hold Broken" . Article 24.
If a Judge takes an
exception to the
annoucement: of
the Referee, the Judge shall submit his opinion to the Referee. In this case, the Referee may rescind the announcement made by himself, and adopt the opinion of the Judge. However, this last decision of the Referee, as indicated to or declared on the con testant, shall be final. Article 25 . When the time limit expires without the contest having been decided with "lppon" (one point ), the Referee shall announce ''Sore-made" or 11 That is all", stop the content, and make both contestants return to the position originally taken at the start of the contest . Then the Referee shall take the position which he had originally taken at the start of the contest and raise his hand high, calling "Hantei" or "Judgment" towards the two Judges . At t.<>is signal the two Judges shall manifest their judgment by hoisting the red or white signs simultaneously. In the case of , Hikiwake" or "Draw", both the red and white signs shall be hoisted at the same time. Article 26. The Referee shall add his own opin ion to those of the two Judges, regarding the superiority or inferiority or draw, make a decision upon it bt the majoritt opinions of the three officials, and indicate or declare the "Yusei-gachi" or "Win by Superiority", or uoraw" . In case the opinions of the three officials differ, the judgment of the Referee sha II prevail. When a Referee and one Judge
(17)
are used, the Referee shall take the opinion of the Judge into consideration and in~icate or declare the decision of "Yusei•gachi" (win by superiority) or "Hiki_w ake" (dra;) .. · · Article 27. In the following cases. the Referee shall announce "~ate" or "Wait", and halt the contest temporarily. To resume the contest, he shall announce "Hajime" (start or go) . In this case, if it is specifically announced as 1 Jikan" or 11 Time", the time passed shall be taken out from the time limit of the contest. (a) When a contesta~t goes out of the Contest Area, or is about to go outside of it; (b) When a contestant commits any prohibited acts ; (c) When a contestant is injured, or some accident or di· ffic-.;lty takes place; ( d ) When a contestant is required to adjust his costume • ( e ) When in lying position the ~ ontest comes to a standstill, 'ri th the contestants clinging together in "Ashi-garami" ( a leg of a contestant coiled against " leg of tha opponent ) or in other such positions ; ( f ) In cases other than those mentioned above, when deem· ed ne cessary by the Referee. Article 27-2. The Referee shall, when he has decided the result of the contest by "Hansoku" or "Violation of Rules", ''Fusen" or 11 0efault of the Opponent: ', injury or other reasons, indicate the winner. In the case of "l-likiwake" (draw ) , he shall declare to the same ef· feet to the contestants.
PROHtBITI:D ACTS Article 28. Concerning the cont~stant's techniques and actions, 1 thoi lo1 1owing things shall be pro· hi'biEed , ( a ) When a contestant is attacked his opponent with "Harai·goshi:' ( Sweeping Hip or Loin ) or the like, to sweep from inside the leg with which his opponent is supporting his weight ; ( b ) To apply "Kawazu-gake" to the opponent ; ( c ) "Do-jime'' ( Sgueezing Abdomen ) , or squeezin,g the head or neck directly with the legs ( Scis\ors ); (d ) Applting "Kansetsu-waza" ( Bonelocks ) on joints other
put one's foot or hand directly on the face of the oppo-
than the elbow; (e) To apply any hold or lock which is liable to injure th., vertebrae of the opponent; (f) When a contestant lifts his opponent who is lying with his back on the mat, to drop him onto the mat; (g) When the opponent dings fast to a contes'tant from behind, for the contestant thus caught to hold his opponent to him and to purposely throw himself backwards; (b) To release the opponent's 1\and or hands grasping a contestant's costume by "kiching" or 11wrenching" with the knee or foot or any other part of the leg; (i) Deliberately avoiding con· tact or holds with the oppo·n ent in order to
prevent
nent;
1;-
ac~
tion in the contest; (i) To deliberately go· outside of the Contest Area or to push the op ponent outside of it meaninglessly; (k) To adopt a purely defen~ sive posture in order to avoid defeat, (crouching, retreating, etc .); (I) To continually adopt a J ~tance holding the lapel and sleeve on the same side of the opponent's jacket, or a stance holding the belt of the opponent with a rigid stretched arm; {m) To grip the opponent's end of the sleeves or bottom of the . trousers by inserting finger or fingers in them ;
( n ) For both contestants tp continue in stand ing position with the ir fingers of both hands interlocked; ( o ) To untie and tie,_ again the belt arbitrarily, without the Referee 's permission; (p ) Dragg ing an opponent into techniques in a lying position without attempting a definite technique from the standing position ; {q ) To grab the opponent's leg from a standing position in order to shift into technique in a lting position ; (r ) To apply techniques by b inding any part of lhe opponent 's body with the end of the belt or the bottom of the jacke t; (s)
To
cos tume
hold
the
opponent's
in the mouth
or
(t) In "Katame-waza" (grappling techniques), to put a foot or both feet on the belt or the flap or lapel of the jac~ et of the opponent, or ~? take the hand grip of the opponent ~H bending his fingers in the wrong way ; (u} When a contestant is ing with his back on the floor, and his .;pponent is standing on his feet or kneeling on his knee or k-nees, in a position able to lift the lying contestant, for tlie lying contestant to strang!•.' the neck of the standing contestant or to apply "~anset'su-waza:' (bonelocks ) a~ai' ~st hi:n by scissoring aslant both the neck and armpit wi t~ his legs ; (v) To make meaningless cries,
t rJ
remarks or gestures derogatory
to the opponent ; (w} Any act which is liable to cause danger to the person of the opponent, other than spec ified above, and all other acts which might be prejudicial to the spirit of Judo . Any conhst~nt shall constitute a "Violation of Rules ", ;f and when he violates any one of the items «a ) - ( w )) of the preceding paragraph of this Article . Article 28-2. The Referee shall notice the contestant if and when he violates any one of the prohibited acts provided in the preceding Article. The Referee shall, in case where he deems that if and when the said contestant violates aga;n, it ·would subject him to a "Loss by Vi olation of t<ules " , warn him to the same effect .
JUDGM(;.NT OF TH(;. MATCH Article 29 . Judgment of " lppon" (one point ) shall be made on the basis of the 'fo'llowing conditions: A . Nage-waza ( throwing technique ): (l) When a -contestan t apply· ing a technique, or countering his opponent 's atta c king technique, throws down his oppo· nent on to h is back with sufficient force; ( 2 ) When a co nte>t skillfully lifts hi> opponent, who is lying with h is back on the fl oor, up to abou t the height of his own shoulders.
(18)
B. Katame-waza (grappling technique}: ( 1) When the opponent of a contestant says ''Maitta " ( 0 I give up" or "I give in" ) , or taps his or his opponent's body or the mat, with his hand or foot twice or more ; ( 2) In the case of " Osaeko mi" (holding}, when the opponent cannot break the hold within 30 seconds after the announcement of "Osaekomi"; provided, however, that as the contestant _holds his opponent under his con<trol, the uosaekomi" shall be regarded as continuous even though the technique of holding is changed ; (3 ) In the case of "Shime-wa za': ( strangling techniques ) and "Kansetsu-waza" ( bond locks ) , when the effect of the technique is sufficiently ap parent . Article 30. Judgment of "Wazaari" ( half-point ) shall be made on the basis of the following condi tions: A . In the case of " Nage -waza " (throwing technique ), when a contestant throws his opponent in good form which merits closely "lppon" ( one point ) but not to the extent of scoring a complete ulppon";
B. In the caso of "Osaekomiwaza" ( holding technique }, when a contestant holds his opponent 5uccessfully for more than 25 seconds ; however, should the contestant who has : iil ready scored "Waza-ari " se:~-~re '10saekomi " in the same contest, it shall only be necessary for him to hold for 25 seco nds to obtain a full point or nippon ". Article 31 . Judgment of "Yuseigachi " ( win by superiority ) shall be made on the basis of the following conditions : A . When a contestant was award ed a "Waza -ari " or d isplayed a technique close to a 11 Waza-ari"; provided, however, 'e ven if he had scored a 11 Waza -ari", the contestant shall not necessa ri ly be awarded "Yusei-gachi", if he stalled throughout the match ; B. The two contestants' attitude in the contest, their skill in techniques , the existen ce of violation of rules in their acts a nd other conditions sha II be compa.red, in th e cas e o f lack of decisive counts
Jor the Judgment on the basis of the results of techniques in accordance with the preceding paragraph A. Article 32. Judgment oF "Hiki wake" l draw ) shall be made on the basis of the following condi tion~ :
,. .~ A . When no result is reached i n a c ontest within the regulat ion limit of .:,time;
l
B. Whe·! ' the superiority or inferior ity of t:he two contestants can not be judged .
3p.
Article Judgment of "Hansoku - mak,., " ( loss by violati -~n of rules ) shall be made on the basis of the following conditi o ns : A. When a contes~ant violates any one of the major items of the prohibited acts such as techniques or actions which are dangerous to the person of the opponent or, remarks or gestures which might be prejudicial to the spir it of Judo; B. When a contestant violates any item of the prohibited acts repeatedly in disregard of the warnings given by the Referee. Article 34 . When a conteshnt Wa ives
a
contest,
the opponent
shall be judged as "Fusen-gachi" or "Fusen-sho" ( win by default ). Article 35. In the evant that a contestant · -cannot continue the contest because of injury, accident or attack of illness, the Referee shall, after consulation with the Judges, judge the result of the contest on the basis of the following conditions : A.
In the cases of injurt : When the cause of a contestant's injury is his own carelessness, the injured shall
( 1)
be IJ\e loser ; (2 )
When the cause of con-
test~'nt's injury is his opponent: 's careiessness , the opponent shall be the loser ; ( 3 ) When the cause of contestant's injury is judged that neither one of the contestants , can be held respons ible, the result of the contest shall be judged as "H ikiwake" ( draw ) ; •
B. When the contestants cannot continue a contest because of an accident, the result of the contest shall, as a rule, be judged as "Hikiwaka,' (draw); C. When a contest cannot continue a contest because of an attack of illness, the attacked
shall, as a rule, be the loser. Article 36. Any situat ;ons not covered by these rules shall be decided in consultation by all Referees and Judges concerned . Note : In the event of a dis agreement
between
the
ori-
gina l J a p a nes e text of these ru les a-nd any translation thereof, regardless o f the languages used, or any ambi guity in , any such translation, the Japanese text shall pre vail. <~'
APP!:NDit!:S A . "Tata111i ". The a cc epted " Ta tami" or Judo -mat shall answer to the follow i,~g description: Size : 3' x 6' x 2'h" that is, about 2 1/ " inches thick and nearly 3 feet wide by 6 Feet long . Manufactu ~e ( Method of ) : In o rder to provide additional strength to the "Tatami" or Judo- mat which is made of 11 1-omote" ( grass maH ing o r rush matt ing ) and " T o ko" ( rice-straw .padd ing ), single stit c hes of hemp or linen string shall be woven through the material of the mat , 14 lines lengthwise and 33-- 35 stitches in a line. Padding: To make a piece of paddin9, ,about 50-55 pounds of r ice straw shall be pressed to a thickness of about 2 1/2 in:hes and. single stitches of hemp or linen string shall be woven through the mater ;al of the padding, so that the stitches shall be 28 lines lengthwise on the back and 56 lines sidewise on the t o p. B. "Judo-gi '' . The accepted "Judo-gi" or Judo costume which comprises a jacket or coat, trous ers, and be.lt or sash shall follow this description : Jacket : The entire jacket shall be of two layers of cotton material. In order to provide additional strength to the jacket, double stit ches of cot· ton string shall be wo•en through the material of the jacket, cover :ng the entire upp!'r half ~f the garment, both front and back, from the neck to the waist . The sleeve> of the jacket shall also be woven in this manner. From the waistline to the bottom of the ja c ket, both front and back, shall be woven in small, diamond-shaped
(19)
design . The size of each diamond shall be approximately two inches by three "inches . This design shall be woven with the same cotton string in double, in order to provide further stabilit1 to the jacket. From the bottom of the right side of the jacket, up the right side, a round the b•ck of the neck and down the left side of the jacket to the bottom of the left side, shall run a continuous lapel which shall be made of cotton canvas and shall be stitched to the body of the jacket with five lines of st i tc~ing by machine . The lapel shall be approximatelt two inches wide, the outside 3/4" to be· ; f illed with cotton canvas padd ing in order to prov ide strength for the lapel. A re c tangle of extra _heavf st itching which shall be ap· proximately two inches by five i nc he ; shall be woven into each armp it of the jacket in order to prevent opening of seams and deterioration by perspiration . There sha II be a sl it of appro :.::i mately seven inc hes up each side of the jacket, in order to prevent t.he ja c ket binding t!.e hips when the contestant is moving . T rou iers : The trousers with binclin3 straps shall be made of single cotton fabric, either woven through the material with coHen string in a small, d iamond -shaped design or un woven, Belt : The belt sha II be made of cotton fabric and cotton can<~as padding, about 1 1/t inches wide and 8 or 9 feet !e ng t o enable it to be wound twi c e ar o und the contestant 's waist a nd tied in a double kn o t in front, and shall be woven through the materia I with 8- 10 lines of stit:h ing by machine . Remarks : In case such "Tatami " and ,o or 11 Judo-gi" as mentioned above are not readily available, it is perm issible to make sh ift with any mat and , or costume which may be availab le, if suita " le for Judo contest; prov ided, however, t:ha!: as to the costume, it sha II c on form t o the provisions ( item• a , b, c & d ) of Ar~icle 2 of the•e Contest Rule> of the Kodokan Judo .
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THE SECOND WORLD JUDO CHAMPIONSHIPS, 1958 DATE
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SCHEDULE DETAILS
I Ar. Hotel
Shiba Takanawa
Nov. 27 (Thr.) I 0:00- 11 :00
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Preliminary meeting President's salutatory, Introduction of participants & officials, Explanation of Schedul\! & Notice. Press Interview Introduction of foreig n participants & officials: Randori ( Free Exercises) Sightseeing in Tokyo Reception by Gove rnor of Tokyo Visiting the grave of Jigoro Ka no by bus
13:00- 14:00 15:00- 17:00 18:00- 20:00 Nov. 28 (F ri.) 9:00- 11 :00 13:00- 15:00
Kodokan
16:00- 17:00 Nov . 29 ( Sat.) I 0:00- 11:00 16:00- 18:00 Nov. 30 (Sun. ) 12:00- 17:30 Dec. I ( Mon. ) 18:00- 21:00 Dec. 2 ( Tue. ) 17:00- 18:00 13:00- 15:00
K odokan
Explanatory meeting of Contest Rules. Explanation for foreign participants. Rando ri ( Free Exercises)
Kodokan Korinkaku
Rand ori ( Free Exercises) Reception by Patron, H. I. H. Prince Takamatsu
Tokyo Gymnasium
The World Judo Championships
Kodokan
International Goodwill Judo Contest
Dec. 3 (Wed. ) 18:00- 20:00 Dec. 4 ( Thr.) 14:00- 16:30 - - - - - - - - - -Dec. 5 (Fri. )
( Applicants only) Kodokan
Premier's Official Residence Kodokan
Reception by Premier Kishi
Imperial Hotel Kokusai Theatre -
(20)
Judo study meeting ( APPlicants only) Study of Ran - dori- waza ( Technique of free exercise), Kata ( Form) , Contest rule s, Training methods, etc. Reception by President, International Judo Federation Theatre-going by invitation of Japan International Tourist Association Lv. Hotel
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INTERNATIONAL JUDO FEDERATION (1. J. F.) The popularization of Japan;s Judo over the globe caused promptly the birth of the Judo Federation of Europe among several naticns. As the most countries in Europe, even some of other continents, became its affiliated members, the name was rewritten as the International Judo Federation to be the world-wide Judo organization by affiliation of Japan, the home-country of Judo, in 1952 . At the time of the First World Judo Championships in 1956, 路the Second Ordinary Congress of the I. J . F. was held in Tokyo among 30 affiliated members. Thus, the I. J. F. became the most influential Judo organization all over the world. The I. J. F. consists of four Regional Judo Unions-the European, the Pan-American, the Asian, and the Oceanian-which are established to facilitate and expedite the operation and administration of the I. J. F. itself, and which manage and administer their problems by themselves on the part of each Union. These Unions also take measures necessary for the constant and close cooperation with the I. J. F. Headquarters as well as with each other. The I. J. F . first adopted the statutes of the former European Judo Federation as its interim ones, but, in 1956, formulated newly the statutes and regulations in close touch with the existing circumstances at the Second Ordinary Congress in Tokyo. The Statutes provide the fundamental principle of the I. J. F. in 18 articles, and the Regulations consist of 23 articles providing details for the operation of the I. J. F. Recently we have received many proposals of affiliation to the I. J. F. from non- affiliated Judo organization in the world, but, it may be better to explain the requirements to affiliate
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with the I. J . F . The I. ]. F. recognizes only the official national Judo organizations of individual countries which are a non-political body, without discrimination as to race or religion; and with respect to technical methods, recognizes none but those as defined by the late Prof. Jigoro Kano, and as Practiced at the Kodokan in Tokyo ( Article I, The Statutes) . An affiliated member should be a national Judo organization, and only one organization may be admitted to represent one country. Should there be two or more organizations in any one country, the right of entry will lie with the organization recognized either ' by that country's Olympics Committee, or by the highest sporting organization of the country concerned (Article 1, The Regulations). There are often found two or more Judo organizations in one country applying for the membership of the I. ]. F., but, about that case, the Regulations stipulate the conditions of precedence in Article 1, which also provide that, should questions arise as to the aforesaid conditions of precedence after affiliation was admitted, the President of the I. J . F. shall give, after investigation, decision on it, acting upon 'the request of the party or parties concerned. Looking over the ever-prog;essing state of Judo in the world, the possibility arises, whereby, in some country, a newly established Judo organization has become the most popular and influential enough to become the new representative of its country in place of that organization which was the only Judo organization existing at the time of affiliation. In such a case, the new organization must produce all necessary documents showing the rules and regulations of the headquarters, names of officials, the present state of the organization and other relevant qualifications (Article 2, The Regulations). The I ]. F. has been endeavouring to strengthen its position, and, on the other hand, Prof. Risei Kano, President of All Japan Judo Federation, was re- elected to the President of the I. J . F ., in succession of the first term of presidency, unanimously at the Second Ordinary Congress. The I.]. F., however, has a short history after its establishment, and, though boasting of its world-wide organization and statutes, keeps many problems unsolved really on its operation. It is desired that the organization of the I. J. F. will be virtually improved gradually in the future with the course of further development of Judo.
(22)
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(28)
HISTORY OF "KODOKAN" JUDO Judo, popular with its simple name in the present days, is strictly called "Kodokan" Judo. It was originated in 1882 by Professor Jigoro Kano. He first learned the Tenjin-Shinyo School under Hachinosuke Fukuda and Masatomo !so, and later the Kito School under Tsunetoshi likubo, to master the arts of both Jujitsu schools. Realizing the good effects of Jujitsu and trying to do his effort to contribute for physical education of the youth with further improvement of Jujitsu, he studied the arts of every Jujitsu schools with his new ideal from the viewpoint of
physical
education,
athletic development,
and self-defense techniques. Eventually, he
succeeded in systematizing his new method by eliminating dangerous techniques and, on the other hand, by employing merits of many Jujitsu schools. It is remarkably noticed that he put his purpose on the mastery of the common principle, underlying the then existing Jujitsu, which he believed as the essential way to keep in touch with human life in general. That is, he emphasized not only the mastering of offensive and defensive techniques but also the necessity for achieving the true course of life through such training. He, therefore, properly named the new art as "Kodokan Judo", literally meaning the soft art, and named the place of training as "Kodo-kan" literally, Institution for Teaching the Way of Life. He never ceased his studies until he defined Judo as the most effective course to utilize the strength of mind and body. He asserted that Judo training should aim at the building of strength of both body and spirit through practice in offensive and defensive art. According to the Judo originator, the mastery of Judo leads to self-perfection and eventually to the betterment of society, and at the same time, "proper utilization of energy", as the secret of Judo training, could also be applied to society. From this principle, he also derived another aim of Judo training "mutual help and mutual concession" which could be the fundamental one in keeping society at peace. These two principles of Master Kano gradually became recognized by scholars as the basic theory of social education, and schools and police stations began to adopt his teachings. In the Ministry of Education approved the adoption of Judo together fencing ) as
regular
1891,
with Kendo (Japanese
courses of athletics for boys. In 1931, Judo was formally adopted
as a required course. The location of the Kodokan has made several changes, until the present Kodokan building with a 9,700 square-yard floor space was newly constructed at Kasuga- cho, Tokyo. Although
'
4
there were merely nine students in 1882, the number of them has grown remarkably with the years- from 10,000 in 1907 to 100,000 in 1936 and to the present estimated number of 440,000 plus an unknown number of preparatory and non-Kodokan students. As to Dan-holders, at present, there are 330,000 experts including seven I Oth-graders, twenty-nine 9th-graders and 217 8th-graders. The training of girls was begun experimentally in the early Meiji Era. In 1926, Kodokan created a women's department which now records registration of about 1,260 females of all ages including about 175 Dan-holders ( below 5th grade). Master Kano and his successors have long concentrated their efforts in introducing Judo and in giving instruction to foreigners since the time when Mr. Kano went abroad in 1889. In August, 1893, a British captain named Hughes ( first name unknown ) enrolled in Kodokan as the first foreigner. Since then, Kodokan has accepted the enrolment of more than 8,(00 foreigners from various countries. At present, there are about 2,000 foreign Dan-holders ( below 9th grade). Enthusiasm of foreigners towards Judo mounted year after year to such an extent that in 19.51, there was established the International Judo Federation, to which 27 countries are now affiliated. It is the greatest pleasure for us, Judo-men, to have the Second World Judo Champsionships with the fruition of Kodokan Judo.
(29)
DEVELOPMENT OF JUDO CIRCLES IN JAPAN The world of Japan's Judo is enjoying its prosperity under cooperations of All Japan Judo Federation, the sole all-inclusive Judo headquarters, and Kodokan taking significant parts among Judo organizations. The former three-storied Kodokan building, constructed and located at Suidobashi, was proud of the grand hall floored with 514 Tatami mats ( about 1, 000 sq. surprised the people at that time.
Master Kano mystified his people,
yd. ) and which saying, "It is too
small as the centre of the world's Judo! I have to build a larger one some day." Today, twenty-four years after since the Judo originator murmured those astonishing words, the seven-storied New Kodokan edifice now materialized his dream on the earth. Construction of New Kodokan was planned in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of Kodokan establishment, together with the project of International Judo Building, and it was materialized with the support of Judo enthusiasts in and out of Japan. Visitors foreign and Japanese admire the white beautiful building as a "Christmas cake." In its interior are facilitated a 500 Tatami- mat- floored grand gymnasium, three 108 Tatami-mat-floored halls, three 54 Tatami-mat- floored halls, shower baths, a mess hall, a social hall,
council-rooms,
and lodgings in the sixth and seventh floors. There also are offices of Judo organizations such as that of the incorporated foundation Kodokan,
International Judo Federation,
All
Japan Judo Federation, etc. Professor Risei Kano,
President of Kodokan,
International Judo Federation, Federation,
plays an important role as President of
All Japan Judo Federation and All Japan Student Judo
together with the officials of Kodokan as officials of such organizations in
promoting the development of Judo throughout Japan. All Japan Judo Federation consists of amateur Judo organizations all over the country forming 10 regional unions including Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Kinki,
Chugoku,
Shikoku and Kyushu.
All these unions
Tokyo, Shinetsu,
and their branches
Tokai, function
smoothly under the guidance of the headquarters located in the Kodokan with the motto, "To endeavor to create an integrated and harmonious Judo organization for its popularization and development." The
Federation is further associated with Japan
Amateur Athletic
Federation and also with other sporting associations and clubs. Many Judo championships and tournaments are held under the Contest Rules of the Kodokan Judo, and Judoka's grades are in conformity of the grades of the Kodokan Judo. In May this year, the All Japan Judo Championships and the National High- ranking DanHolders Tournament were held, and in the Third Asian Games on May 25, many Judokas participated in the Judo competition from Korea, China, Philippines as well as from Japan. In October, there took place the Japan Judo Championship Tournament for the Second World Judo Championships, the National Police Judo Contest, Judo competitions at National Athletic Meeting, and, in Nove~ber, All Japan Student Judo Championships and East- West Matches, National Youth Judo Contest, and National Industrialist Judo Championships. And now brilliantly going to be held the traditional Second World Judo Championships.
(30)
FOREIGNERS TRAINING AT KODOKAN Speaking of Judo, it reminds us of the Kodokan originated by Prof. Jigoro Kano in 1882. Through many hardships and changes of time splendidly was constructed the New Kodokan Building of seven floors and one basement on March 25 this year,
boasting of its name as
the International Judo Kaikan. This edifice signifies a remarkable prosperity of Judo in the world. Foreign students are now increasing tremendously in number year by year. More than 50 foreigners are seen practising Judo under instructors everyday .
At present there are the
following courses set up for foreigners: ( a ) special training course,
( b) the general course
( separatedly for men and women) administrated by Kodokan lnter'n ational Department and ( c) the special course of long-term training for groups, etc. Besides the above,
they not
only study exclusively under tutors, but also train themselves in free exercises without direct guidance. An applcant to study in the special trainining course is required to be a Dan-holder of fine character and personality who intends to major in Judo during sojourn of more than one year m Japan with the approval or recommendation D of president, Judo federation concerned. Besides, there may sometimes be such a special case that the President of Kodokan gives admission. In any case, however, strict examinations will undoubtedly be conducted. The foreigners in this course are now 4 third- graders and a first- grader of England; a fourth- grader, a third- grader and a second- grader of France; a third- grader of the United States; and a third-grader of Canada. 路 They have duties for receiving instructions and practising on and over three days a week as well as the special class of Kata ( forms ) , Waza ( techniques) , theories and so forth together with Japanese students. To tell the course for foreigners administrated by the International Department of Kodokan, lessons are held everyday except Sundays and holidays by presence of about 30 foreigners of various age. Instructors of Kodokan give their guidance adapted well to each student of their skills and techniques both for beginners and grade-holders. The numbers of student are about 56 on the monthly average, including 35 of America, 6 England, 5 France, 2 each of Germany and Indonesia, I each of Switzerland, Australia, Columbia, Israel, South-Africa and Austria. In the special course of long-term training for groups, citing an example, ten-odd U. S. military cadets are training and receiving education of techniques to the extent of higher arts such as instruction and training methods for a period of two or three months every year. Speaking of foreign females at Kodokan, four ladies including techniques, forms and so forth of Judo. Kodokan, Mecca of Judo, is the object of yearning for Judo enthusiasts of the world who are looking forward to getting an opportunity to learn true Judo at its birthplace once in their lifetime. At this high time of the opening of the Second World Judo Championships by participation of many representatives from foreign countries, they will certainly partake their pleasure of participation in this brilliant event and will perceive the greatness of the late Professor Kano, originator of Judo.
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