Hidden In Plain Sight Mending The Generational Divide
Jacob Sanders Washington University, St Louis Design Thinking F20 Professor Zeuler Lima FA Douglis Beck
Table of Contents Premise
4
Site
60
Program
86
Possibilities
104
Works Cited
114
3
Premise We often struggle to point out the locations of the elderly care facilities in our communities. The reason is that they are typically tucked away within their own private sector of the urban landscape. This approach is both a problem within communities and with architecture in that they fail to recognize the contributing factors that seniors have to their communities. As a Graduate Student in Architecture, my response is to propose a senior living community whose location has a prominent appearance in the communal landscape. This can be done both through formal design and through integrating a program that connects to the context. A means of connecting the community to the site is through the development of a program that integrates early adolescent children and seniors into a communal facility. This strategic generational approach works to root out ageism because children are the most vulnerable in developing negative biases toward the elderly. My design concept for this integration is to develop a creative arts and music center, which showcases the collaboration between the elderly and this particular young population and expresses their work to the surrounding community. By connecting seniors with children through both the creation of art and music performance, the concept becomes mutually beneficial. It gives the seniors purpose in enriching the lives of the youth and a chance to express their creativity. The proposal works to push back against ageism by showing the children that they are not too different from the older generation in their mutual desire to express their creativity. As an after school program, the facility can allow the elderly residents to have their freedom to spend time socializing together during the day, with the anticipation that they can connect with the children and express themselves artistically later in the afternoon. A condition that also needs to be resolved in this proposal is the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the current state of elderly care facilities, where families have no ability to visit their loved ones, the isolation that the elderly community feels is becoming ever more apparent. In my proposal, it is essential to respond to this problem through the design of spaces that create a sense of openness. Interactions with the exterior are also important in providing a safe environment for the residents in the case of a future pandemic.
To Encircle Base Plate Hexagram, Right Angles Inverted, Richard Serra, 1970
McKnight Place Elderly Care
5
Ageism “Represents bias and discrimination by members of one group against members of a second group, which the first group will one day join.� - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 1
Ageism has a severe negative affect on the elderly who often are more prone to depression due to loss of loved ones and isolation from their communities.1 These negative perceptions of aging lead seniors to feel less comfortable trying new experiences and also makes them uncomfortable in their own bodies. Cosmetic surgeries have increased because of the fear people have of appearing old.1 We are afraid to confront our own mortality, so instead we condemn and ignore people who are approaching this scary period.
Media’s Portrayal Of Ageing Under 5O
96% 4%
Over 5O
73%
27%
Positive Negative
Source: AARP 7
Ageism Does Not Only Affect The Elderly
Studies have shown that internalized biases against aging not only affect those who are already members of the elderly community, but also affects the health of those who are generations younger. One particular study found that people who have a more negative view of aging are more likely to experience a cardiovascular event later in life.3
Older individuals with a positive view of aging live 7.5 years longer than individuals with negative views.4
Ageism is a public health crisis.
9
Growing Population Disparity
Due to longer average lifespans and lower birth rates across the country, we are starting to see a greater percentage of adults from the “Baby Boomer� generation who are joining the over 65 age group and soon will be unable to care for themselves.5 Our communities need to anticipate this growth and provide resources to make the next stage of life enjoyable for these individuals.
U.S. POPULATION PREDICTIONS FOR SENIORS & CHILDREN POPULATION VALUES IN MILLIONS 95
OVER 65
90 85 80
UNDER 18
75 70 65 60 55 50 2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
2055
2060
Source: US News & World Report 11
Ageism During COVID-19
The spread of COVID-19 in the United States brought a high amount of uncertainty. The initial belief was that it only affects the elderly. This sentiment led many people to ignore the severity of the virus and put the elderly community at a higher risk of getting sick. The carelessness of people to devalue the lives of the older generation reflects a clear sign of ageism. In fact, a Twitter analysis taken between March 12 and March 21, showed that about one-quarter of all tweets could be considered ageist.7 Our culture’s negative treatment towards the elderly contributed to the growth of the virus, whereas countries in East Asia, which has more respect towards the older generation took steps to protect the elderly and are now safe.
COVID-19 Cases per 100 People
Under 65 Over 65
Source: Gerontological Society of America 13
Where Do People Live As They Age? Apartment
Retirement Community
Assisted Living
Memory Care
Retirement Community
Hospice
15
Apartment
Average Age - 42 This is often the first location an independent person lives when they are approaching adulthood. Although the average age of people in general that live in apartments are in their early 40’s, many apartment renters are in their early 20’s because it is the most cost effective.8 The design of these buildings are often diverse with outdoor terrace spaces typical to allow residents to get fresh air. The buildings are also often connected to the street with retail often on the ground level, connecting them to their community.
The Vue at Creve Coeur
ReNew Creve Coeur
Kings Landing
Westchase Apartments
17
Retirement Community Housing Over The Age Of 55
Also known as Independent Senior Living, these living communities are for people who do not require care and are often living there to connect to people in their age groups. Many of them offer dining, housekeeping and laundry service to allow the residents to spend more time enjoying their retirement. After apartments, these buildings are typically visible the taller they are.9
Bethesda Barclays
Brentmoor
Crown Center
Rockwood
19
Assisted Living & Memory Care AVERAGE AGE - 87
Assisted living facilities are meant for seniors who require basic supervision in order to fulfill their daily necessities. This includes, three meals per day, laundry services and daily medical treatment. These facilities become communal environments, where the resident is able to retain their independence. The typical facility has private apartments with furnished bedrooms, a small kitchen area, and a bathroom. 11 The typical staff at these facilities depends on the amount of residents housed in the space. A staff often “include activity directors, administrators, certified nurse assistants, food service managers, health/wellness directors, maintenance personnel, nurses and personal care attendants, as well as contracted services from beauticians, dietitians, nutritionists, physical therapists, and physicians� (National Caregivers Library).11 There are facilities in St. Louis that integrate assisted living facilities with space dedicated to memory care. These memory care facilities treat individuals with Alzheimer’s and Dementia in a similar communal setting. These residents receive special assistance and work with the staff on fighting back the struggle of memory loss.12
Southview
Brookdale Senior Living
Autumn View Gardens
Mason Pointe
21
Nursing Home Average Age - 85
Nursing homes are similar to assisted living facilities in that they provide the basic necessities for the residents, like daily meals and medical care. What separates nursing homes is the supervision and staff requirements, which have more supervision over the residents because nursing homes are typically for seniors who have “ongoing physical or mental conditions that require constant care and supervision�(National Institute on Aging).13 Typical nursing homes seen around St. Louis are at most three stories to provide for accessible spaces for the residents. They are often seen hidden behind landscaping and parking areas, isolating the residents from the surroundings
Creve Coeur Manor
Delmar Gardens
St. John’s
St. Luke’s
23
Hospice
Average Age - Above 85 Hospice care comes at the point in a senior’s life when there is no curable means of treating the illness that they are going through. The purpose of hospice is to make the remaining time for the terminally ill patient comfortable. Hospice also provides counseling services for the families of the patient. Typically, residents stay in hospice care facilities for as long as six months.14 Similar to nursing home facilities hospice care is often at most three stories in buildings around St. Louis.
Heartland Hospice
Amherst Hospice
VITAS Healthcare
Kindred Hospice
25
What Changes Architecturally?
There is a clear distinction in the design of housing for the elderly in St. Louis. Typical residential apartments tend to have open terrace space, and are often very close to the street providing visibility for the occupants to their surroundings. As we move to nursing homes and hospices these buildings are pushed further away from the street, hiding the residents and isolating them from their community. Decisions like these made by our communities contribute to the growing depression and loneliness felt by the elderly population.
Unique
Banal
27
Response To The Stigma: Intergenerational Care
Benefits For Youth
For Elderly
More Positive Views Of Aging
Increased Sense Of Purpose
Increased Self-Esteem
Improved Physical And Mental Health
Enhanced learning Improved Social & Emotional Skills Improved Performance in School
Chance To Participate in New Activities Decrease Social Isolation Connection To Their Community
Source: Generations United15
“Stereotypes about older adults are internalized during childhood and, often unconsciously, they produce attitudes, expectations, and perceptions regarding the aging process.� - International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health16
29
Initial Precedent
Providence Mt. St. Vincent, Seattle, Washington, 1981 This project has been widely recognized as the model for Intergenerational Care Facilities across the United States and abroad. Initially designed as an Assisted Living Facility in 1924, a child care was added in 1981 to connect the elderly to the younger population. The children are aged between 6 months and 5 years and are around seniors who are the average age of 94 years old.17 Both groups benefit equally with the seniors able to break the daily monotony of the typical nursing home experience and the children get the chance to learn from their elders and also grow to be less biased toward aging, which affects them later in life.18
The Image above highlights the locations of the classroom and spaces for children within the building. Most of their classes are on the ground floor and they also have a playground within a courtyard on the ground level. A unique quality of the design of this building was the inclusion of classrooms on the third floor. This design decision places the children in direct proximity to the elderly residents. The classroom is surrounded by glass so that when the elderly pass by on their way to the elevator they can peer in and see the activity of the children. During the COVID-19 pandemic the children have been able to still go to the building by entering a separate entrance, protecting the seniors from the deadly virus.18
31
St. Louis Examples Delmar Gardens
These three facilities, located in St. Louis County, have a Daycare integrated with assisted living. The seniors that live in these facilities have daily interactions with the children. The main point of interaction for the seniors and children is in the dining area, where the children are able to see the seniors eating their breakfast as they enter and as they leave they can see the seniors start to eat dinner.19 I had the chance to speak to a representative of the O’Fallon facility’s intergenerational program and she spoke highly of the success that this intergenerational program has on the seniors and their ability to connect with the younger generation. The facts of its success in giving the elderly residents a sense of purpose and energy were expressed by Katie, an associate at the facility. She also said that it had a positive effect on the staff in that it allowed them to bring their children into the facility for the daycare.19
Florrissant
Tesson Ferry Township
O’Fallon
Florissant
Tesson Ferry Township
O’Fallon
33
How Can The Relationship Be Mutually Beneficial For Both Groups? Although the concept of integrating an elderly facility with a daycare has positive benefits for developmental growth of toddlers and younger children, the young children are often too young to have productive daily interactions with the residents. They are unable to provide any insight to the elderly, other than giving them the chance to spend some time with a younger generation. This is still positive in giving the residents an escape from the traditional activities of assisted living facilities, but for seniors that crave collaboration with the younger generation, this system does not fulfill the potential that intergenerational interaction can have for seniors.
Daycare
Babysitter
6 mo - 5 yrs
Creative Arts Program
Team Member
10 yrs - 14 yrs
Rather than include a daycare facility, which puts the resident in the role of a babysitter for the young children, the integrated senior living concept can be pushed further by providing spaces for children and seniors to work together to express their creative talents. Elementary and Middle School children are more mature and creatively expressive than pre-kindergarten aged children and can have a space to build upon those interests with seniors who have had a lifetime to tap into their creativity. This strategy for the facility also appeals to seniors who never had an outlet to develop their creative skills. They would have the chance to learn and create along with the children and in that creative space, teach the kids lessons that they learned from their experience. The facility becomes a space for learning and creating, allowing the residents to have daily activities that are productive and serve to benefit the public good.
35
Precedent - Young @ Heart Northhampton, Massachusetts, 1982
This chorus group of seniors, who are at a minimum age of 70, perform contemporary songs that many of the performers had never heard before.20 The group’s leader Bob Cilman, seen on the left of the image below, teaches this group of talented and active seniors to perform these songs in front of large audiences that have varied from auditoriums to jails. The contemporary spin on the music has allowed the group to thrive in that the songs that are being performed are recognizable to the public and come from a completely different voice than what the audience is used to hearing.20 In the documentary made about this group titled “Young@Heart� many of the seniors expressed how this group allowed them to use their voices as a means of expressing their emotional state. It gave them optimism that they were able to use music to entertain the public.21 The work that this group has done inspired me to use the proposal as a means of designing spaces for the elderly to tap into their creativity and show their talent to the public, who based on the success of this group, are eager to see the creative work done by the older generation. The proposed facility will become a space for seniors that are eager to express their voices and creativity.
Groups like Young @ Heart can be integrated with children who are interested in using their voices, to create interesting music and art with the older generation. The facility can become an after school program for children who have the desire to perform and the curiosity to learn from their elders and create new relationships. Music can be one aspect of this integrated program. The facility can become a space for the creative arts, where children who are not as interested in playing sports after school can go and show off their talent to seniors who are energized to create new work with the children and have a more purposeful stay in the facility.
37
Precedent - Arts for the Aging Washington D.C, 1988
This program is a “nationally-recognized social service organization that delivers innovative, multi-disciplinary arts experiences in community and residential care settings and with museums and cultural institutions in Greater Washington D.C.” (About Arts For the Aging).22 These programs allow seniors who are physically challenged to use their creativity and unlock their artistic talents with skilled professionals helping them to create new work. Arts for the Aging engages in visual, musical, performing and intergenerational arts programs to help the seniors stay active, improving both their mental and physical health.22 Unlike “Young@Heart,” Arts for the Aging works within senior facilities to cater to the needs of the individual. It allows seniors who are unable to travel to participate in the artistic activities. This group also participates in intergenerational activities that connect the seniors with children and participate in artistic activities with this younger generation. There is a summer intergenerational program in which children aged 7-15 partner with a resident at a senior care facility. The children get to know their partner and eventually make a collage of the resident as a gift.23 Combining this arts program with a music program, similar to “Young@Heart” provides a space of creative arts that not only provides an outlet for the elderly to reach out to the younger generation, but also can connect to a community’s desire to experience new art.
Data From This Program
84%
Overall participation, including showing appreciation and social connection
79%
Participants shared memories or imaginative stories
82%
Demonstrate appreciation for efforts and work of other participants
37%
Increase in positive emotional behavior from resurging feelings of joy and self-worth
58%
Increase in peer interaction
Source: Arts For the Aging 39
Creative Arts Center Precedent
Center of Creative Arts (COCA) Expansion, St. Louis, Missouri, Christner Architects & Axi:Ome, 2018 COCA is the fourth largest multidisciplinary community arts center in the country and it has most recently been expanded to included new programmed spaces that can be an influence to the proposal of the creative arts center in the senior facility. The existing building was around 50,000 square feet before the 44,000 square feet two-story addition was added to the space.25 The expansion includes a 450 seat theatre, 4,600 square feet of new studio space that includes cooking spaces, dance studios and arts spaces. There is also an open commons area that has an indoor amphitheater to welcome visitors to the building.25 This expansion can influence how the project spatially deals with the different elements of program in the design of the facility. A large community commons area that this space entails can become an interesting entry space for the proposed facility, connecting the community to the residents in a welcoming space. Although the studio spaces do not take up much space, the high ceilings and floor to ceiling glazing opens the space and connects the occupants to the exterior. The adjustable seating in the practice spaces allows the space to have function as a smaller performance space, which becomes interesting in cases of more private performances.
Entry Hall Auditorium
Arts Studio
Multipurpose Studio
41
Creative Arts Center Precedent
Adam Aronson Fine Arts Center, St. Louis, Missouri. Trivers Associates, 2015 Located in “Laumeier Sculpture Park,� the strategy for the design of this art gallery was to relate to the agricultural use of the site.26 The form of the gallery space reflects a gambrel barn house, relating to the historical use of the site. The space in the gallery is open and flexible, which also relates to the openness of typical barn houses.26 This facility, also located in St. Louis, acts as an interesting project to study in relation to the public access to the proposed facility. A flexible gallery space provides the opportunity for the seniors and children to display their work to the public. It gives the program purpose for creative children to go work at a facility where the work they make will be appreciated.
Entry Plaza
1,645 sf
Lobby
1,160 sf
Gallery 3,950 sf Kitchen
500 sf
Archives
1,175 sf
Storage
500 sf
Restroom
500 sf
Circulation
630 sf
Mechanical
125 sf
Total 10,185 sf Courtyard Entry Hall Gallery Archives
43
Creative Arts Center Precedent
The Marshall Family Performing Arts Center, Addison, Texas, Weiss/Manfredi, 2016 An interesting aspect of this building is its sense of openness. Upon entry through the courtyard, a visitor enters an open lobby space that can be multi-functional.27 As part of the project’s intention of creating a space for the public, having an open courtyard and lobby can become a source of interaction between the public and the facility. It can allow the facility to not feel closed off, which a lot of elderly care facilities create. The building displays the dance / chorus space formally, with the outstretched cantilever, that displays the performers to the public. It is a means to express the functionality of the building, by showing that it is not only meant for large performances in the auditorium, but also is used as a learning space for creative students. Programs like the gallery space, auditorium, and studios can be integrated in my proposal in designing spaces to connect the elderly with aspiring students interested in the arts. This project provides a means of understanding basic spatial needs of these different programs.
Main Theater
11,750 sf
Courtyard
7,450 sf
Lobby 3,075 sf Studio Theater
5,000 sf
Gallery 6,520 sf Concession
250 sf
Office
1,835 sf
Classroom
1,200 sf
Scene Shop
1,975 sf
Dressing Room
965 sf
Storage
7,475 sf
Film / Video Lab
2,530 sf
Dance / Choral Space
4,900 sf
Mechanical
10,450 sf
Circulation
2,165 sf
Second Floor Plan
Lobby Courtyard
Ground Floor Plan
Auditorium
Total
67,540 sf
Dance / Chorus Studio
45
Senior Care Design Precedent Housing for Elderly People in Huningue, Dominique Coulon,2018 This precedent serves to show the possibility of having courtyard space on the interior of the building. In the image to the lower right there is a garden that is enclosed and viewed through an open public space, connecting the residents together as well as providing a connection outside. The diagram that I outlined in the plan shows the common space on the interior of the building. A trend that I notice with many senior care facilities is that the public space is often centralized, while the peripheral space contains the more necessary program elements, like bedrooms and treatment areas.
Residential (23 Units)
11,075 sf
Common Space
2,415 sf
Outdoor Space
1,915 sf
Computer Room
500 sf
Kitchen
700 sf
Staff
225 sf
Reception
400 sf
Circulation
1,960 sf
Storage / Mech
2,145 sf
Total
Second Floor Plan
21,335 sf
Common Space Ground Floor Plan
47
Senior Care Design Precedent Residential Care Home Andritz, Dietger Wissounig Arkitekten, 2015 Similar to the previous precedent, this building has a similar strategy of courtyards that branch off of the interior, but in this case there are four different zones of spaces in which these courtyards all contribute to the individual zones. The images of the building show the residents connected to outdoor patios that act as both circulation and social spaces for the residents. The plan diagram on the right outlines this condition and shows how the outdoor patio space interacts with each of these residential zones that are on the periphery of the plan.
Residential (105 Units)
34,230 sf
Common Space
8,585 sf
Outdoor Space
12,060 sf
Kitchen 540 sf Staff 1,545 sf
Second Floor Plan
Treatment 4,550 sf Circulation 21,805 sf Storage / Mech Total
4,855 sf 88,170 sf
Residential Outdoor Ground Floor Plan
49
Senior Care Precedent Analysis
After studying the precedents, I developed this diagram on the right. It demonstrates the need to create a centralized public space in the facility, while pushing the residential areas to the periphery of the space. By designing the residential spaces on the outer edges of the building, the residents can have views of the landscape within their units. The open space can become the means for these different residential zones to interact.
Residential Free Space
51
How Does COVID-19 Affect The Design?
Since my project deals with living for the elderly, it would be a disservice to ignore the current situation around the world with the ongoing pandemic. The potential for another one in the future is likely, so it is important to take that into account in the design. The challenge of the design is to have an integrated space for children and the elderly, which has the potential to mitigate future pandemic spreads.
53
Amsterdam Orphanage, Aldo Van Eyck, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1960
Discovering this need to separate residents into clusters brought me to look at the Amsterdam Orphanage. The building “include sleeping quarters, a kitchen, laundry room, gymnasium, library and administrative spaces” (Fracalossi, Igor).30 Aldo Van Eyck said of the orphanage that “A house must be like a small city if it’s to be a real house, a city like a large house if it’s to be a real city,” meaning that he saw this design as an expression of the potentials of our cities” (Fracalossi, Igor).30 This is one of my goals for this project, which is to create a communal environment, not only for the elderly, but for children and their families.
Courtyard
12,430 sf
Children Living
18,525 sf
Administration
9,160 sf
Utilities
2,650 sf
Multipurpose Room
2,470 sf
Kitchen
1,110 sf
Circulation
19,975 sf
Total
66,320 sf
55
Precedent Study Amsterdam Orphanage, Aldo Van Eyck
LIVING SPACE PUBLIC SPACE COURTYARD PRIVATE SPACE
Dispersion Key Factors In Designing An Elderly Care Facility For A Future Pandemic
Living Area Decentralized
Separate Access To Living Cluster
Outdoor Space
Exercise Space Outdoors Treatment Areas Decentralized
Larger Circulation Space
Staff Area Separated From Residents
57
Precedent Analysis
Applying Aldo Van Eyck’s Strategy to the Proposal
After understanding the organization of Aldo Van Eyck’s design, I worked on applying that strategy to my proposal. Rather than use private space in brown I applied the brown to programmed space in which their would be more collaborative space for the seniors and their community. The result of this analysis shows a clear separation between the living spaces as a response to the COVID -19 pandemic. Another aspect to be noted is the courtyard space acting as the connection between the residential space and the “program” space. This creates a relationship to the outdoors that each resident will be able to connect to. The centralized “free space” acts as both circulation and flexible space.
59
SITE
61
Elderly Care Facility & School Locations
Early Childhood School Elderly Facility
63
Initial Site - Creve Coeur
65
Initial Site - Creve Coeur Aged 65 & Over Creve Coeur - 24% St. Louis County - 18% St. Louis City - 14% United States - 14%
The initial exercise of mapping the overall schools and elderly facilities led me to notice the lack of these homes for seniors in the area. It led me to question why with a population of seniors well above the average of St. Louis had there not been many elderly care facilities in the area. There was a strong reason for why this community rejected housing and that led me to move away from the site.
CREVE COEUR
ELDERLY CARE FACILITY SCHOOL, PRESCHOOL - MIDDLE SCHOOL COMMUNITY CENTER GYM / RECREATION BUILDING HOUSE OF WORSHIP PARK
1 RETIREMENT COMMUNITY 2 ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES 1 MEMORY CARE FACILITY 2 NURSING HOMES 1 HOSPICE 67
What I Found & Why I Decided to Move
The images below are from the Jewish Community Center in Creve Coeur, which serves as the epicenter for Creve Coeur’s “Naturally Occurring Retirement Community” (NORC). “A NORC is a community that has naturally developed a high concentration of older residents, because seniors tend to either remain in or move to these communities when they retire” (Masotti).32 The image to the right shows the area that is designated for the NORC program, which is currently in Creve Couer Township. These NORC programs offer membership to all seniors and provide different amenities to them that connects them to the surrounding community.32
JCC
NORC
Given the information about the Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities, I decided that Creve Couer did not serve me well in developing my senior care facility. The Creve Coeur community has the amenities in place where the people who live in the town are surrounded by the help necessary for them to not require a housing complex to serve their needs. Creve Coeur is the only town in St. Louis that is considered a Naturally Occurring Retirement Community, so I thought it was best to search for a region that had a high population of seniors without an infrastructure in place that allowed them to easily stay at home.
69
71
14
1
STATE 270
Current Site - Chesterfield
INTER
RO UT E
Aged 65 & Over Chesterfield - 24% St. Louis County - 18% St. Louis City - 14% United States - 14% MISSOURI RIVER
ROUTE 3
ROUTE 340
INTERSTATE 270
ROUTE 141
CHESTERFIELD
340
M
IS SI
SS IP P
IR
IV E
R
INTERSTATE 64
73
ST ER
T IN AD WILD HORSE CREEK RO
BURK H
VETERANS PL. DR.
ARDT
LYDIA HILL DR.
BA X
TE
RR
OA D
P
TE TA 64
E T U
PL.
0 4 3
RO
SITE
WAY
E
ERFI
ST CHE
ARK LD P
75
550’
175,00 4 ac 550’
00 sq. ft cres 530’
140’
77
Site Plan
Ve
t
a er
ns
a Pl
ce
iv Dr
e
ay
rd
ce la t P Parkw
ha
erfield
rk
Chest
Bu
e
79
Site Section
As seen in the section below, there is a slight downward slope from North to South. There is also a downward slope from East to West, which puts the YMCA and library at a lower elevation than the proposed building. This slope continues down to the amphitheater, providing a great view of that performance space for the residents of the facility.
St. Louis County Public Library
Site
Chesterfield YMCA
81
Chesterfield YMCA
Site
Family Aquatic Center
Chesterfield Amphitheater
St. Louis County Public Library
Chesterfield Mall
83
Wildhorse Village Proposed Development
Wildhorse Village is a proposed project that is currently in early stages of development. At the moment the Concept Plan is under review by the town.34 The intention of the project is to blend office, retail, residential and parking facilities on this plot of land. The residential portion of the plan consists of townhomes and single-family residential units with a maximum height of 50 feet. Included in the design is a boathouse and trail that allows visitors to experience the lake at the center of the site.35 It is important to note that this proposal has been constantly changing over the last year based on requests from the city and changes by the developer.
The site of my proposal sits on the southern portion of the Wildhorse Village plan. With the community amenities that are incorporated in the design as well as the residential aspect of the program, the proposal adds to the mixed-use spaces that are being proposed on this portion of land. The performance auditorium and the gallery spaces provide spaces that relate to the more communal spaces to the South, creating a transition into Wildhorse village that connects visitors of the park to this space. The intention of Wildhorse Village is to create a downtown city corridor and by incorporating all members of the community, including the elderly, the development can become more diverse.
85
PROGRAM
87
Typical Assisted Living Program According to Architects’ Data, Ernst and Neufert
Assisted Living Bedroom Area 50,000 Square Feet (100 Residents)
Living
Entry
Dining Consultation
Gymnasium
Treatment
Swimming
Public Day Home
89
State Of Missouri Regulations Living Requirements
General Program Requirements Administration Office Lobby Recreation Occupational Therapy
Min. 10’ - 6”
Min. Window Area - 10 sq. ft
Kitchen
3’ aisle
Min. 9’ - 6”
Dining Nurses Office
100 sq. ft Open Space
Public Restrooms Bulk Storage Janitor’s Closet Physical Therapy Physical Therapy Office Maintenance Room Employee Locker Room Barber Nursing Unit
4’
Closet
Bathtub
4’
Treatment Requirements
Construction Requirements Corridor With Handrail
No Greater Than 60 Beds Continuous Over Single Floor
8’
Nearest Resident No Greater Than 140’ From Nursing Unit Centrally Located Nurses Workstation
Treatment/ Bedroom Doors
Medicine Preparation Room
Bathroom Doors
Utility Room Accessible From Corridor
36”
44” Elevator
5’-4”
8’ Floor to Ceiling Height
8’
91
Health & Wellness Needs For Both Generations
93
Integrated Program Residential
Integration Children + Resident
Public Access
Lobby
1,000 sf
Administration Spaces
3,000 sf
Physical Therapy
1,500 sf
Housekeeping
750 sf
Pool
3,000 sf
Medical Stations
3,000 sf
Exercise Rooms
2,500 sf
Storage
1,500 sf
Living (5)
10,000 sf (50,000 total) Subtotal:
66,250 sf
Courtyards
10,000 sf
Cooking Studios (2)
1,000 sf
Arts Studios (5)
2,500 sf
Music Studio
1,500 sf
Dance / Chorus Studio
3,000 sf
Storage
2,000 sf
Restrooms
500 sf
Subtotal:
19,500 sf
Auditorium
10,000 sf
Entry Hall
2,000 sf
Art Gallery
6,000 sf
Restaurant
7,500 sf
Storage
2,000 sf
Restrooms
750 sf
Subtotal;
28,250 sf
Total:
114,000 sf
95
Music Studios
With the influence of the “Young@Heart� group, I decided to include music studios in the program, where the children and the residents can have a space to practice for future performances. They can collaborate and learn contemporary music that the children are familiar with, while the seniors can provide insight for the children on the music from their era. The map below shows the different schools that are in proximity to the proposed site. Children can be transported to the facility for weekly practices with the residents, while the residents have a designated space to prepare for their collaboration.
Ascension School
Wildhorse Elementary Site
Shenandoah Valley
Highcroft Ridge Elementary
Auditorium
Auditorium All Year
Amphitheater Spring - Summer
The inclusion of an auditorium provides the residents and children with an outlet that attracts attention to the work done within the facility. The unique collaboration between the seniors and children is bound to attract the community, so it is important to create an accessible auditorium that is directly connected to the facility. The whole performance process for the choir group will be directly connected to the facility, expanding the function of the traditional Assisted Living facility. The auditorium’s close proximity to the Chesterfield Amphitheater, creates an alternative indoor performance space that is open year round. It can attract performers to the facility, who can not only perform to the residents, but also bring the general public to this indoor space.
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Children Art Studio Precedent Rockery for Play - Poly WeDo Art Education, Archstudio Beijing, China This project for an art school is similar to the last one in that the main program spaces are on the periphery of the hallway.39 The fill on the right displays the different art studios. Imagining this space in the elderly care facility can allow the seniors and children to have peripheral spaces in the hallway function as studio spaces, rather than using individual rooms. The space can be integrated in the residential area of the program to create social spaces.
Art Studio
Art Studio
Corridor
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Art Gallery
The art studios that are part of the program can serve as spaces for both the residents and children to work on pieces that can be displayed in a public museum/gallery space that is part of the facility. This creates meaning for the work that is produced by both the children and residents. The designated space becomes a point of outreach for the facility to the Chesterfield Community, bringing both families of the residents and people who want to experience new art in an interesting space.
Saadya, Josiah Love
A Kiss On The Hand Is Everything, Elaine Plesser
Meditation Garden
The “Meditation Garden” is an outdoor space in the Art Gallery that is dedicated to residents who have passed away in the facility. When a resident who had lived in the facility passes away, a patch of this designated garden space can be planted in their honor. It could provide a space for the residents or visitors to go to and tell stories about the resident in this beautiful environment. The “Meditation Garden” reflects the message of the project, which is to bring people to not fear aging and death, but rather see it as a new step for opportunity and growth. It acknowledges the inevitable, while also allowing the people who live there to know that once they’re gone, their memory will still exist.
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Restaurant
Rather than designing a traditional dining room that is seen at many other elderly care facilities, a restaurant becomes a solution to bring people from outside the facility to the space. It becomes advantageous during the summer months when people are attending an afternoon concert at the amphitheater or swimming at the aquatic center to go somewhere to eat after the event. By opening the space up to a restaurant, there is a clear integration between the residents and the community of Chesterfield. Dining is the most social part of the day for many seniors, so by bringing in the community to the space, they can feel more connected.
YMCA
Chesterfield Amphitheater Library
Chesterfield Aquatic Center
8 am
12 pm
5 pm
Elderly Resident
Elderly Resident
Elderly Resident
Community Resident
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POSSIBILITIES
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Dispersed Program
The first strategy is to fully integrate the public program with the integrated facility, creating an interaction between the private and public spaces. The three main public programs: the auditorium, restaurant, and art gallery, are dispersed around the structure and connect directly with the residential and studio space. The courtyards are dispersed on the ground level, utilizing the strategy influenced by Aldo Van Eyck’s project and the need to create outdoor spaces that are safe gathering spaces in case of future pandemics.
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Art Studios
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Ground Floor Program Organization
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Raised Courtyards
The next strategy places the public spaces adjacent to each other, creating a separation between the integrated spaces and the communal areas. The residential buildings are the tallest portion of the space, allowing the residents to have interesting views of the surrounding landscape. They connect through the integrated studio spaces, allowing for an accessible means of interaction between the residents and early teens. This strategy has the courtyards integrated in this transition between the residential space and the integrated areas, allowing for a more private space for the residents and children to interact.
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Ground Floor Program Organization
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Peripheral Living
This massing strategy orients the residents towards the bodies of water that surround the site, providing interesting views for the residents. The formal design proposal for the residential spaces is for terraced space that creates a communal outdoor space for the residents, so they can avoid feeling isolated within their unit. On the ground level, the proposal is for the public, integrated and assisted living spaces to be on their own, with the courtyards acting as the means of interconnection.
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Ground Floor Program Organization
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