Typography Journal By Julie Marzan
Typography Journal
2
TYPOGRAPHY JOURNAL Typography II 338.03
By Julie Marzan Published through ISSU
TYPE MATTERS.
Typography Journal
4
Typography is the way that we communicate with design. It is something that sneaks up on you, but once you notice it, you can’t unsee it. I never realized the importance of typography in my work, however throughout this class, I have learned that typography is a part of design that can enhance and really push a project forward. This journal includes lessons I have learned through lectures, trial-and-error and written resources online.
Julie Marzan 5
Table of Contents
1
READINGS 8-25
Butterick: Type Rules and Characters Typotheque Articles
2
LECTURES 26-37
Typefaces Tutorials: That Was Easy! Grid Layout
3 4
PROJECTS 38-67
Exercises Process In Progress Critique Final Critique
ME!
68-71
Learning Technique Myself
1
BACK TO THE BASICS
Typography Journal
8
“Being an effective typographer is more about good skills than good taste.” —Matthew Butterick
Practical Typograph Excerpts by Matthew Butterick
A few rules on body text...
For print, point size should be 10–12 pt., for web 15–20 pixels Line length should be between 45 and 90 characters Line Spacing (leading) equals 120–145% of the point size (20 pt. font would need anywhere from 24–29 pt. spacing)
Typography Journal
10
hy Rules
Fonts to Avoid
GOOFY FONTS:
abcdefgh ijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
MONOSPACE FONTS:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
TIMES NEW ROMAN:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 11
Special Characters ( - ) Hyphen ( – ) En Dash ( — ) Em Dash
Hyphens are used for words that break on a line, multi-part words (such as good-looking) and for phrases En dashes are used for dates and page numbers (1889–2013) Em dashes are used for breaks in a text that are stronger than commas, but not as bold as colons.
Typography Journal
12
For Mac: Hyphen
-
En dash
Option + hyphen
Em dash
Option + shift + hyphen
“Smart!” Special Characters
"Dumb!"
Shortcut for Mac: Smart opening double quote
:
Smart opening single quote
L: option + [ R: option + shift + ] L: option + ] R: option + shift + ] ( : ) Colon
( ; ) Semicolon
13
Always use smart quotes! It is only acceptable to use straight quotes in email.
A colon connects the intro duction of an idea and its completion. A semicolon combines two sentences and separates list elements with internal commas.
Special Characters
(Parentheses)
Parentheses separate citations or other asides from the body text
[Brackets]
Brackets show changes within quoted material
{Braces}
Braces are used in technical and mathematical writing
Typography Journal
14
Fun fact: Braces are used for almost all software-programing language.
Special Characters
Ampersands are used when they are part of a proper name (Fromage & Cracotte Inc.). The more formal the document, the more sparingly the ampersand should be used.
15
Formatting Text
Note: Always turn on hyphenation when justifying text!
Justified
Left-Aligned
Justified text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual alternative to justified text is left-aligned text, which has a straight left edge and an uneven right edge. Com pared to leftaligned text, justification gives text a cleaner, more formal look.
Justified text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual alternative to justified text is left-aligned text, which has a straight left edge and an uneven right edge. Compared to left-aligned text, justification gives text a cleaner, more formal look.
Typography Journal
16
Body Text Format Centered
Left-Aligned
Whole paragraphs should never be centered. Centering makes paragraphs difficult to read be cause both edges of the para graph are uneven. Centered paragraphs are also difficult to align with other page elements.
Whole paragraphs should never be centered. Center ing makes paragraphs difficult to read because both edges of the paragraph are uneven. Centered paragraphs are also difficult to align with other page elements.
17
Butterfly Ballot
The “butterfly ballot� is an example of bad typography. After reading about the Butterfly Ballot and discussing with classmates, we decided that the reason why it is bad is because it is confusing. The page is not aligned correctly and the numbering for each candidate is also off. Typography Journal
18
TYPOTHEQUE: Readings
Typotheque is an online website that includes thousands of articles on designing fonts, the history of type, type around the world, interviews, and many other type related topics. I have selected a few of my favorite articles from the assigned reading from which I have learned the most.
19
Family Planning, or How Type Families Work
By Peter Bi’lak
“...Each style of the type family must be recognizably different in order to remain functional. Yet each style must adhere to common principles governing the consistency of the type family.”
The Univers type family, designed by Adrian Frutiger in 1957, consisting of 21 typefaces. Rather than focusing on a single typeface, Frutiger developed an interrelated typeface system.
Typography Journal
20
My Type Design Philosophy By Martin Majoor
Martin Majoor Designer of Scala & Scala Sans Telefont, Seria & Seria Sans Main Points: Good typographers have experience in setting book typography. When mixing serifs and sans serifs, start with the serif, then cut off the serifs and lower the contrast between strokes
21
Latin Typography By Peter Bi’lak
Even today, typography as a discipline continues to be plagued by a Euro-centric bias. If any of the major typography reference books are to be believed, the development of typography has generally been limited to Western Europe...It goes without saying that their history of typography is only the history of Latin-based typography. Typography Journal
22
Beauty and Ugliness in Type Design By Peter Bi’lak
Bi’lak looked for the most beautiful typeface in the history of typography — as well as the ugliest one, and melded them together. The image on the right is an example of the product.
23
2
Typography Journal
24
LEARNIN FROM L
“Typography is the craft of endowing human language with a durable visual form.”
NG LECTURE
—Robert Bringhurst
25
How to Choose a Typ Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Avenir in different weights and italics
Factors to Consider:
Typeface proportions and weight Content of text
Note: For screen, body text should be 14 pt. or above, for print, anywhere from 9 pt. to 12pt.
Screen vs. print
Typography Journal
26
peface...
This font is narrow Frutiger LT Std 30pt.
More Factors to Consider:
Large type family with multiple weights and italics Full character set (including special glyphs) Narrower (to fit more text on page)
27
This font is less narrow Futura 30pt.
TYPEFACES: Where to Find
Free!
Almost Free
Google Fonts
My Fonts
Lost Type Co-Op
House Industries
League of Movable Type
Fonts.com
Font Squirrel Fontspring
L: A few free fonts from Lost Type Co-Op
Typography Journal
28
TYPEFACES: Font Storage
Getting to Font Library: Font Book:
System: /System/Library/Fonts/ Create font sets to keep fonts organized and easy to find. Deactivate fonts that you hardly use.
29
Tutorials from Lect Hyphenation Getting to the hyphenation settings:
Type > Paragraph > Hyphenation Set to 6 words per hyphen, 3 letters starting, 3 words ending and 2 word limit
Typography Journal
30
ture Paragraph Styles Navigating to the Paragraph Styles:
Type > Paragraph Styles > Drop down Menu > New Paragraph Style Example paragraph styles : Body text Section Header Caption Paragraph Styles help keep leading and fonts consistent
31
Tip: You can adjust hyphenation to a paragraph style so it applies to all text in that style (such as body text)
TUTORIALS: Avoiding Widows Avoid widows:
Add 10pt. Tracking
It is generally acknowledged that it was Gutenberg who invented movable type printing in 1436. It is generally forgotten that what is missing in that statement is the necessary qualifier “in Europe”.
It is generally acknowledged that it was Gutenberg who invented movable type printing in 1436. It is generally forgotten that what is missing in that statement is the necessary qualifier “in Europe”.
Typography Journal
32
TUTORIALS: Document Set Up
Starting out in InDesign:
Make sure your document has enough margin space on all sides, especially the bottom (so folios have room) Choose the right number of columns for your text. Make sure to turn on Facing Pages if needed. 33
3
WORKIN ON PROJECT
Typography Journal
34
NG TS
“It does not take much strength to do things, but it requires a great deal of strength to decide what to do.” —Elbert Hubbard
35
BUT FIRST!
Exercise 1: Legibility and Readability Description
Objectives
In this exercise, you will investigate and analyze text set in paragraph form (“body text” or “text blocks”). Using serif and sans serif text typefaces, you will create different versions of those settings by altering the leading and point size.
To examine how changes in point size, leading, and typeface selection impact legibility. To set up an InDesign document according to given measurements and instructions. To use tools in InDesign to refine your text.
Typography Journal
36
BUT FIRST! Exercise 1
Paragraph 1: Original text setting Paragraph 2: Decrease the leading by one point, keeping the original point size. Paragraph 3: Increase the leading by one point, keeping the original point size.
37
Exercise 1
Paragraph 4: Increase the leading by two points, keeping the original point size. Paragraph 5: Decrease the point size by one point, keeping the original leading. Paragraph 6: Increase the point size by one point, keeping the original leading. Typography Journal
38
BUT FIRST!
Remember:
Exercise 1 Analysis
Through this exercise I was able to see the difference in legibility when setting the leading and point size. I was also able to more clearly see what font size was easily legible for print. This exercise also helped me see the difference between using serifs and san serifs in body text.
39
The way we approach text changes the way people read the text. This exercise showed that some paragraphs were easier to read because of the point size, leading and line length.
PROJECT 1: 5 Typography Quotes For this project, you will research and document as many rules, ideas, or principles about typography as possible. Your findings must be typeset on one side of an 8.5”× 11” piece of paper. A minimum of five examples must be presented on the page. Each entry must come from a different source, and each student must do their best to have unique entries. You must credit the author as well as the source, including the page number on which it appeared and the year it was published. Books and scholarly articles must be used as your primary reference, not the Internet. Consideration should be given to the typesetting and design of the page.
PROJECT 1:
Project To-Do List
Research: Going to the library and checking out books on type.
Keep in Mind: Hierarchy, font choice, point size and the grid
Looking at online resources Sketch out ideas for possible layouts to use. 41
PROJECT 1: Process Work
A few possible layouts:
Typography Journal
42
PROJECT 1: First Critique
Feedback: Needs to fill the space more on the left and right margin Green quote needs more emphasis to make the design more dramatic Make the authors names more apparent 43
PROJECT 1: Final Critique
Feedback: Better with larger point size for authors, but needs more connection with title Grid doesn’t have to just be single column There’s a typo! Always check spelling with command + i Typography Journal
44
PROJECT 1: Analysis
Keep in Mind: Text placement and the legibility of the text As a typographer it is our job to make text inviting to read, clear and legible. Through the process of designing the five typography quotes, I was also able to learn more about typography from type designers and type connoisseurs. This was the first project I had ever done with just quotes. We were limited to just the text, which was different from all of my other projects. 45
PROJECT 2: A Hero Dialogue Using the dialogue provided, you will design a diptych that utilizes all of the text and emphasizes the fact there is more than one voice. Please consider all your choices and decisions carefully. Everything matters. Think about and utilize the various typographic families,and typographic hierarchies. You can use color, and images to help support your design, but care must be taken to make sure your typography is flawless. Think about how all of the typographic elements influence our interpretation of the text and how you, as a designer, can influence the viewer’s reading of the text. Typography Journal
46
PROJECT 2: Process
What to do first: Read text to understand information given, highlighting the key points Think about layout and fonts and ways to make text distinctive for each speaker Illustration and color choice 47
PROJECT 2: First Critique
Feedback: Two speakers need to be more distinctive Leading is too tight and inconsistent (because of bold yellow key words) Give margins more space on each side Typography Journal
48
PROJECT 2: Process
Focused more on the aspect of spirituality in the text, thinking about Buddha’s teachings and the path to finding yourself.
49
PROJECT 2: Final Critique
For the final critique, a lot of changes happened. the orientation of the pages, focus, harmony and font choices were all different from the first critique.
Typography Journal
50
PROJECT 3: Elements of Style The Elements of Style is a classic grammatical reference book for students and conscientious writers. The focus of the book is on composition, the effective use of plain English, and the principles of composition most commonly violated. The text is full of examples and comparisons, which necessitates the effective use of indents and shifts in typographic style. The text, written in 1918, is quirky, and, at times, a little archaic. Your job is to develop a design that would appeal to high school and college-aged students. We will be breaking up the text into smaller sections, and each student will be assigned a portion of the text to be used in the creation of a small reference booklet. The second phase of the project will require you to work in teams to create a single related series of booklets. 51
PROJECT 3: Objectives
To develop a grid structure that ensures consistency in a multiple page document To design for a saddle stitched publication To properly apply paragraph and character styles To use typographic techniques to establish hierarchy and clarity in a given text To evaluate each other’s work and modify one’s design based on the strongest solution
Typography Journal
52
PROJECT 3: First Critique
Feedback: Title page needs all information such as: title, section number, subhead, publishing city and date, author More blank pages, more breathing room for content
53
PROJECT 3:
Our group’s style sheet for Elements of Style booklet
Process
Typography Journal
54
PROJECT 3: Final Critique
Putting the finishing touches (dotted line rule, editing the paragraph styles, redesigning the cover to create harmony within the three booklets)
55
Typography Journal
56
PROJECT 3: Analysis
InDesign: Paragraph Styles can unify the document, have the ability to share styles Space before and space after Inserting blank pages to make the document divisible by 4. Grammar: Use the active voice Words that are misused (literally, very, while) Make sure titles are italicized
57
Typography: One font can go a long way Contrasts in fonts don’t have to be drastic Margin spacing, allow breathing room for the reader Blank pages are useful
PROJECT 4: Type Magazine In this project, you will be creating a digital magazine. The theme of the magazine is: Typography and the Everyday. Students in the class will be responsible for collecting and creating all the assets for the magazine, including: text, illustrations, and photographs. All found images and text (articles, interviews, etc.) must be properly credited.
Typography Journal
58
PROJECT 4: Process
Font Choice:
Text needs to be legible (line length is 7-12 words per line, point size is 15pt. or higher for screen), but also engaging to read Headers can have more contrast (such as Bodoni or Didot) Contrast between headers and body text, but also harmony between the fonts
59
PROJECT 4: Final Critique
Prototype is a magazine that gears focus on not just type nerds, but people who love design and making things. I titled the magazine Prototype because it gives off the idea of something new that you can build with your hands. Typography Journal
60
PROJECT 4: Final Critique
After presenting, I felt as though there were many things that I was able to fix from the beginning of the project. I enjoyed inserting more images in the magazine and I think that I was able to make the magazine more interesting that way.
61
4
Typography Journal
62
ME! A PROC
“Learning to love yourself, is the greatest love all.” —Whitney Houston
CESS 63
WHAT I’VE LEARNED: In Technique
About Myself
Through Typography II I have been able to learn about InDesign and the program isn’t so scary. I feel as though I can deal with large amounts of text with more ease.
I do believe I have grown tremendously since the first project in this class. Just looking at my old work feels strange, did I really make that? Overall I am happy with the knowledge I now hold and am ready to learn more about type.
I’ve also learned more about leading, tracking, setting text for print versus screen and using special glyphs.
Typography Journal
64
DESIGNED BY JULIE MARZAN Department of Art & Design Typography II 338.03 Professor Charmaine Martinez Winter Term 2016 Typefaces set in: Avenir & Clarendon