Pronunciation Guide -ed ending If the verb base ends with:
It adds:
Examples:
An alveolar plosive, i.e. / d / or / t /
/ d /
started ['sta:tid] lifted ['liftid]
A voiceless sound ( except /t/, i.e. /p/, /k/, /f/, //,/s/, /t/, //
/t/
liked ['laikt], stopped ['stpt] pushed ['put ]
Any other sounds including vowels:
/d/
begged ['begd ], sinned ['snd] loved ['lvd ], judged ['d ] shared ['d ]
Note: Voiced Sounds (vibration of the vocal cords): / b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, / /,/ z/, //, //, /l/, /m/, /n/, //, /r/, /w/ and all the vowel sounds. Voiceless Sounds (no vibration of the vocal cords): / p /, /t/, /k /, /f/, //, /s/, //, //, /h/.
3rd Person Singular Present Tense and Plurals If the verb base ends with:
It adds:
Examples:
An Alveolar sibilant: i.e. /s/, /z/, //, / z/, /t/, /d/
/ /
maces ['meisiz ], pushes ['piz]
A voiceless sound ( except sibilants, i.e. /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, //
/s/
drops [ 'drps ], sticks ['stiks], laughs [' la:fs ]
any other sound, including vowels
//
goes ['gz], dogs ['dgz], plumbs ['plmz]
inches ['intiz]