Shattered: The Reality of Drunk Driving by junnotjune

THE TEAM Cori Dymond, Art director Deanne Modaff, Assistant Art Director Rebecca Scheible, Copy Editor

Designers shae allison bill bourret hamza butler jun chou delainey farris haley huckabee lucy manning sara morris sydney oakley

Special Thanks Terence Oliver Stephanie Willen Brown Saundra Dockery

Sources alcohol-facts.net auth.lib.unc.edu bactrack.com bloodalcoholcontent.org bloombergview.com BuzzFeed.com cbsnews.com cdc.gov dailymail.co.uk dmv.org drunkdrivingstats.org dui.drivinglaws.org duijusticelink.aaa.com edgarsnyder.com esurance.com griefspeaks.com iihs.org

kvue.com learningcenter.statefarm.com lifesafer.com ncbi.nlm.nih.gov neuroanthropology.net newsroom.uber.com nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov papers.ssrn.com pbskids.org pubs.niaaa.nih.gov scholarworks.arcadia.edu stopalcoholabuse.gov store.samhsa.gov tpcjournal.nbcc.org wallethub.com/edu wfla.com wncn.com

Table of Contents 3 Alcohol’s Effects 5 Drinking culture 7 Demographics 9 The Laws 11 The cost 13 prevention

“

Each day when I awaken to the reality that I will never see my child again, overwhelming pain threatens to consume me and continues to be my daily companion. My daughter’s beautiful smile will no longer brighten up a room. her laughter will no longer dance along the walls. and her eyes will no longer sparkle like the sun. Tiffany will never know the joys of a good marriage or the love of her own children.

Saundra Dockery

mothers against drunk driving victim advocate

PAGE 1 | Shattered

Table of Contents | PAGE 2

Alcohol’s Effect

BAC Levels

On the body and mind

In the u.S., it is illegal to drive after a drinker reaches a bac of 0.08. But what does 0.08 feel like, and is it the same for everyone? There are several tools available to help drinkers stay safe, but ultimately, driving after drinking any amount of alcohol increases crash risk. Parietal lobe Controls body movement and processes sensory stimulation. Alcohol impairment reduces reaction time and motor skills.

The liver metabolizes alcohol at a rate of one drink per hour. Unmetabolized alcohol gets distributed throughout the body, causing drunkenness. Upon drinking, alcohol passes through the esophagus and into the stomach. If the drinker has eaten, the rate of absorption slows down substantially.

temporal lobe Stores information and controls memory. Alcohol impairs function, resulting in memory loss.

Occipital lobe Controls vision and enables people to have visual memory. Alcohol use results in blurred vision.

One’s blood alcohol level on average results in the following feelings and behaviors.

0.01 to 0.019

0.02 to 0.039

0.04 to 0.059

• Normal appearance

• Mild euphoria • Sense of well-being • Decreased shyness • No loss of muscle coordination

• Euphoria; self-satisfaction • Increase in social interactions • More intense emotions • Exaggerated behavior • Mild impairment in alertness and judgment

Case Study Four males drank the same amount of alcohol at the same time increments to see how their tolerance compared.

BAC tested at:

Drank at:

9:55

9:15

11:04

10:30

“Right now I would definitely drive. I don’t feel drunk at all.”

Eugene Age: 28 Weight: 165 Heavy drinker

0.016

• Severe impairment of balance, speech, hearing, and reaction time • Severe impairment of ability to drive • Possible emotional swings and depression

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.07

.06

.05

.04

.03

.11

.09

.08

.07

.06

.05

.14

.12

.11

.09

.08

.07

.06

.18

.16

.13

.12

.11

.09

.08

.22

.19

.16

.14

.13

.11

.10

.09

.26

.14

.13

.11

.10

0.019

0.039

.16

.29

.25

.21

.19

.17

.15

.14

.13

.34

.28

.24

.21

.19

.17

.15

.14

.37

.31

.26

.23

.20

.18

.17

.15

.40

.34

.28

.25

.22

.19

.18

.16

.44

.37

.31

.27

.24

.21

.20

.18

.48

.40

.33

.30

.26

.23

.22

.19

.51

.43

.36

.32

.28

.25

.23

.20

0.11 to 0.129 • Severe impairment of motor function, speech, judgment and perception • Staggering and slurred speech • Feelings of anger and aggression

1.5 oz liquor 40%

100 lbs 120 lbs 140 lbs 160 lbs 180 lbs 200 lbs 220 lbs 240 lbs

Coordination & Judgment affected Coordination & Judgment impaired & over legal limit Coordination & Judgment very impaired Coordination & Judgment extremely impaired Dangerous levels of intoxication

A drinker’s body responds to prolonged use of alcohol in two ways. Metabolic tolerance occurs when the liver learns to metabolize alcohol faster, resulting in a lower peak BAC despite more alcohol consumption.

0.108 “I feel too drunk; I feel hammered drunk.” (stutters) “To me this has prove...proven...that people...get drunk.”

0.095

0.16 to 0.199

• Severe illness, nausea and depression • Visible appearance of being drunk

As the case study shows, not everyone is affected by alcohol the same - someone whose BAC is below the legal limit may still feel too impaired to drive. On the other hand, someone whose BAC is above the legal limit may not feel impaired at all.

0.095

0.087

0.13 to 0.159

• Depression and uneasiness replaces euphoria • Difficulty standing and walking • Blurred vision

Tolerance

“I still dont feel that drunk.”

0.049

0.039

.19

11:57

11:19

“I would leave my car wherever it was and take a cab with me and my wife back home”.

0.017

.22

BAC tested at:

Drank at:

ZACH Age: 24 Weight: 130 Light drinker

“I could leave a place at 0.06 but could totally be driving at 0.09.”

Ned Age: 27 Weight: 170 Moderate drinker

0.08 to 0.109

0.056

KEITH Age: 27 Weight: 192 Frequent drinker

• Impaired self-control, motor function and judgment • Impaired ability to operate a motor vehicle. • Impaired peripheral vision and glare recovery

4 oz wine 15%

.09

.07

.06

.05

.04

.13

.11

.09

.08

.07

.06

.05

.18

.14

.12

.11

.10

.08

.07

.22

.18

.16

.14

.12

.11

.09

.27

.22

.19

.17

.15

.13

.12

.10

.15

.14

.12 .14

.31

.26

.22

.19

.17

.36

.29

.25

.22

.20

.17

.16

.40

.33

.29

.25

.22

.19

.18

.16

.45

.37

.32

.28

.25

.22

.20

.18 .19

.49

.40

.35

.30

.27

.24

.22

.54

.44

.38

.33

.30

.26

.24

.21

.58

.48

.41

.36

.32

.28

.26

.23

.63

.51

.44

.39

.35

.30

.28

.25

Estimated BAC for women

The above chart estimates the level of alcohol that has been absorbed into the blood stream based on number of standard drinks consumed, gender and weight. However, it fails to consider other factors that affect how one’s body handles alcohol, such as age, race and ethnicity, amount of food consumed, how quickly alcohol is ingested, and alcoholism. Total reliance on these charts can put alcohol users in danger if used to determine ability to drive.

Over Legal Driving Limit

0.06 to 0.079

BAC tested at:

Drank at:

100 lbs 120 lbs 140 lbs 160 lbs 180 lbs 200 lbs 220 lbs 240 lbs

Estimated BAC for men

The majority of alcohol is absorbed into the blood stream from the small intestine.

Driving Ability impaired

BAC LEVEL

12 oz beer 4.5%

Estimated BLood Alcohol Concentration Based on Number of standard drinks Drinks

FRONTAL LOBE Controls motor skills, speech and thoughts. Alcohol impairs function, resulting in reduced inhibition.

One standard drink is equal to:

0.120

Functional tolerance occurs when a chronic drinker becomes less sensitive to alcohol’s effects and therefore requires more alcohol to feel the same effects as someone without a tolerance. However, while a functionally tolerant drinker may feel less drunk, BAC continues to rise.

0.20 to 0.249 • Nausea; vomiting • Inability to move without assistance • Some loss of consciousness

0.25 to 0.299

• Stupor, impaired sensation and total memory blackout • Loss of consciousness

0.3 to 0.4

• Severe alcohol toxicity • Possibility of coma and even death

TIPS TO DRINK SAFELY WATER Water is proven to help alcohol absorption and breakdown and gives you something to drink before refilling your cup. Aim to drink a glass of water before your first drink; then alternate between water and alcohol drinks.

Time Drinking one standard drink per hour will prevent you from getting drunk because your liver can metabolize the alcohol and get it out of your system in an hour. If you stick to this schedule, you'll be able to drink casually but stay sober.

FOOD Food does not prevent you from getting drunk. It can, however, slow down the time it takes the alcohol to make it to your brain. Eating also fills you up and prevents you from downing drinks in the interim.

Alcohol’s Effect on Body & Mind | PAGE 4

DRINKING CULTURE

high school

drinking has become a part of american culturE. WHether Drinking socially or binge drinking, 86.8 percent of people 18 or older reported that they drank alcohol In 2013. One’s Environment and peer pressure Affects if and how much AN individual drinks, especially during one’s high school and college years.

media

Binge drinking is the most common pattern of excessive alcohol use in the United States.

38%

This typically occurs after four drinks for women and five drinks for men—in about two hours. More than half of the alcohol consumed by adults in the U.S. is in the form of binge drinks.

5|| Shattered PAGE #PAGE | #Title PAGE Title

Greek life

Consumption of alcoholic beverages during high-profile sporting events has become synonymous with the “college game day experience.” Almost 80 percent of students who have been in trouble for alcoholrelated events were pregaming that night.

of fraternity house residents engage in binge drinking

90%

-2

33%

Greek students self report high rates of binge drinking and experience more alcohol-related problems than students who are not members of the Greek system.

of sports fans usually engage in excessive drinking prior to the beginning of a game

Drinks consumed at an average pregame

-1

53%

One in six U.S. adults binge drinks about four times a month, consuming about eight drinks per binge.

A 12 oz beer has the same alcohol content as a glass of wine or a 1.5 oz shot of liquor. A beer that is more than 4.5 percent alcohol can cause more impairment than than a shot of 40 percent liquor. Beer may simply take more time to drink and digest.

Pregames

MYTH: beer doesn’t get me as drunk

Sports

At many workplaces, employees face peer pressure to go get drinks after work. If the employee goes, there also might be pressure from coworkers to drink more than one wants. This could lead to driving over the legal limit.

-1

No data

6.0 - 7.1

7.2 - 7.7

-1

7.8 - 9.0

Average largest number of drinks consumed by binge drinkers

KEY

Each year an estimated 4,860,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 drive under the influence of alcohoL

Young people Between the ages of 18 and 24 had the highest prevalence of excessive drinking (28.2 percent) across all age groups in 2010, consuming an average of 9.3 drinks on an occasion.

of alcohol-impaired driving episodes were reported by persons who also reported binge drinking

22% of country songs

of overall driving fatalities are accounted for by alcohol-impaired driving fatalities

85%

alcohol brands

of pop songs

31%

15%

all music 23% ofmentions alcohol the those songs 6.4% ofmention specific

College

MYTH: I’m a better driver WHEN I’M DRUNK Your motor functions worsen while drinking making it harder to drive. Studies show that only time can sober someone up after drinking; neither a shower nor coffee will do so.

of rap, hip-hop, r&b songs

5 drinks

Teens spend about two and a half hours a day listening to music. Many of these songs mention drinking in a positive light, which can boost the likelihood that teens will start drinking at an earlier age or increase their drinking. These are the percentages of songs that mention alcohol:

4 drinks

Many TV shows portraying high schoolers like “Gossip Girl” and “Awkward.” include binge drinking.

Music

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alchoholism (NIAAA) defines binge drinking as a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL.

Men

Movies like “Project X” revolve around teenagers becoming popular by having parties and drinking.

The media’s glamorous portrayals of alcohol consumption in television shows and movies encourage many teens to believe that drinking will make them cool. A potential problem with this is that instead of calling their parents to pick them up after drinking, teens may drive home to avoid getting in trouble.

Binge Drinking

woMen

Multiple celebrities and teen idols have been arrested for drinking and driving and drunk and disorderly conduct.

Drinking Culture PAGE 6 PAGE # | #|Title PAGE | Title

DEMOGRAPHICS

where does drunk driving happen? top 5 states with the highest drinking and driving rates

who is drinking and driving? gender & age

race & ethnicity

Percent of people who admitted to driving with some level of alcohol in their system.

dui record

NORTH DAKOTA

DELAWARE

MASSACHUSETTS

NEBRASKA

83%

LOUISIANA

73%

43.7

cities with the most fatal dui crashes

29.7

deaths per 100,000 residents

24.2

17.2 17.4 18.9 16.1 13.9 14.1 14.4

98%

FEMALES, BAC 0.08+

MALES, BAC 0.15+

feMALES, BAC 0.15+

din

riv

sid

bil

tx k,

oc bb

a ,c no

a ,c

holidays with the greatest number of dui fatalities

of fatal drunk driving crashes occur on weekends

4 times more likely

between midnight and 3am is the most common time window for crashes to occur

450

600

ig igh ht t3a m 3a m6a m 6a m9a m

m m-

m 6p

750

on no

-3

1050

to occur at night than during the day

1200

900

33%

g ch ivin ris g tm as

MALES, BAC 0.08+

66 percent of dui fatalities

-5 55 4 -5 60 9 -6 4 65 +

-4

-3

-2

5 -2

-2

-1 16

average number of DUI fatalities by time of day

estimated number of fatally injured drivers IN THE U.S. in 2013 by age, gender and BAc level ESTIMATED NUMBER OF DRIVERS KILLED

when does drunk driving happen?

AGE IN YEARS

1350

13%

motorcycle

2.7

1500

40%

light truck

passenger car

42%

6.4

55% RURAL

5.8

en am

10.5 10.1

11.8

Drunk driving is prevalent across the U.S., but rates can be higher in certain areas. Rural states and rural areas in general tend to have more drunk drivers, which could be due to their limited options for alternative transportation.

13.4

Drivers involved in Fatal crashes by vehicle type

45% URBAN

14.8

15.1

TYPE OF VEHICLE

fatalities in motor vehicle crashes by location

of convicted drunk drivers continue to drive on a suspended license.

84%

19.3

Percent driving Under the influence in the past year

50%-75%

23.4

3.6% asian 15.9% black 12% hispanic

ria

of all drunk driving incidents are committed by males age 21-34. This age group makes up 11 percent of the total u.s. population

lit

32%

1 out of every 3 DUIs is committed by a repeat offender.

4 out of every 5 DUIs are committed by men

85% sa

Characteristics of adolescents reporting driving under the influence of alcohol

1.3% OTHER/UNKNOWN 67.2% White

300 150 0

AGE 16-20

7|| Shattered PAGE #PAGE | #Title PAGE Title

AGE 21-30

AGE 31-40

AGE 41-50

AGE 51-60

AGE 61-70

AGE 71+

Demographics PAGE 8 PAGE # | #|Title PAGE | Title

The Law

NORTH CAROLINA laws

General laws

50/50 States IT IS ILLEGAL TO OPERATE A MOTOR VEHICLE AT OR ABOVE 0.08 BAC

DUI laws vary in strictness and implementation from state to state. The following represents the laws that apply to most states regarding first, second and third DUI offenses:

1 st time offender

2 nd time offender

• Large fines and mandatory DUI school

• Longer license suspension

• Probation for around three years

If you are pulled over for poor driving and an officer suspects you have been drinking, he or she will likely conduct a field sobriety test followed by a chemical test. While you can refuse a field sobriety test, it will likely be used against you in court. Drivers can also be randomly selected at DUI checkpoints whether or not their driving was impared by alcohol .

• Mandatory fines (up to $15,000 or more) • May lose the right to drive permanently

devices in the driver’s cars

Checkpoints

• Your vehicle may be seized and sold

Officers are set up on roadways to randomly stop vehicles to check for impaired drivers. If an officer’s first encounter with the driver leads him or her to believe the driver may be under the influence of alcohol, the officer then conducts field sobriety tests.

underage

Field Sobriety Tests:

In most states, anyone under 21 operating a motor vehicle with a BAC level of 0.02 or higher can be cited for a DUI. Community service, DUI classes, jail time (one day to one year) and a three to five year probation are typical consequences.

67 59 45

42 31 29

47 37

38 28

58 51

32 32 33 30

PAGE 9 | Shattered

37 27 19

29 27 29

32 34

Ne Col w ora Ha do mp shi re So Arizo uth na Ca rol Flo ina ri Ne da vad Ala a ba Ma Arka ma ssa nsa chu s se Illi tts no is No Haw rth ai Ca i rol i Mi na sso Ne uri wY Ca ork lifo rni a Ne Ma w ine Me xic o Rh India od na eI Mi sland nn e Mi sota chi Mi gan ssi ss Wy ippi om ing Id Ne aho w Jer sey O Ve hio rm Ke ont ntu Wi cky sco Mo nsin nt M ana No aryla rth nd D Dis Pen ako tric nsy ta t o lva f C ni So olum a uth b Da ia ko ta

Congress passes the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act, which outlaws the production, sale and transportation of alcohol in the U.S.

PAGE # | Title

47 45

Chemical Tests: If the suspect is flagged for two of the three tests, then a chemical test may be requested. Chemical tests are taken in the form of a breath test, a blood test or in some states, a urine test.

0.08

if you are pulled over by an officer or selected at a DUI checkpoint and you do not pass or refuse the Field Sobriety Tests, the officer will likely check your bac with a breathalyzer. ThE “Implied Consent” law applies in most states, meaning you cannot refuse a chemical test without serious consequences. In other words, if you refuse a handheld breathalyzer test, you must take a blood test at the police station.

States in order of strictness of DUI Law LEAST Strict

1920

PROHIBITION ERA

1920–1933

The illicit alcohol trade booms in the U.S.

1920

The Law over Time

1910

MOST Strict

New York is the first state to adopt a law against drinking and driving.

the horizontal gaze nystagmus

60 45

The suspect takes nine heel-to-toe steps, turns on one foot and returns in opposite direction. This allows the officer to assess the suspect’s ability and physical coordination.

The eye involuntarily jerks when using peripheral vision. The officer uses a pen or flashlight to track the eye to see if the jerking begins within 45 degrees from the center.

To test balance, suspects are asked to stand with one foot about 6 inches off the ground for 30 seconds.

86 89

Ore

1910

Ari zon a Co Alask nn a We ectic st V ut irg ini Ka a nsa Ne s bra stk a Ut Vir ah gin De ia law Ge are Wa orgi shi a n Ten gton ne Ok ssee lah Lo oma uis ian a Iow a

DRUNK DRIVING RELATED Deaths per 100,000 people (2013)

The following graph ranks states in order of strictness based on their various charges and consequences for drunk driving and compares the state’s fatality rates per 100,000 people. 83

THe walk and turn

the one leg stand

Despite differing state laws, the fatality rate in each state remains high across the board. There is, however, a slightly higher rate of fatalities in the states with more lenient DUI laws. While laws can save lives, it is clear that harsh laws are not the only solution to solving the problem of drunk driving in America.

Impact of state laws

1 st OFFENSE: License suspended for one year

Enforcement of the law

• Mandatory jail time

• Installation of interlock ignition

N.C.’s “implied consent” law Under this law, you automatically consent to to taking a chemical test to determine BAC if you are lawfully arrested by an officer who has probable cause to believe you were driving while intoxicated. If you refuse this test:

For more information on your state’s Specific DUI laws, visit: dui.drivinglaws.org/topics/dui-dwi-laws

3 rd time offender

• Minimum jail times vary from zero–10 days • More jail time and bigger fines • License suspension for up to a year

1 st OFFENSE: 0.08 License suspended for one year 2 nd offense: 0.04 license suspended for four years 3 rd offense: 0.04 licensE suspended permanently Underage: 0.01 License suspended for one year

In North CaROLINA, You cannot HAVE AN OPEN CONTAINER IN THE VEHICLE, EVEN IF YOU HAVE NOT BEEN CONSUMING ALCOHOL

1930

1970-1975 Drinking Age Lowered

1933

The minimum drinking age is lowered from 21 to 18, 19 or 20 years old in 29 states after the enactment of the 26th Amendment, which lowers the legal voting age to 18.

Prohibition is repealed (21st Amendment). Most states set the drinking age to 18.

1936

Dr. Harger patents the Drunkometer. This is a balloon-like device that people breathe into to determine intoxication.

1938 0.15 bAC LEVEL

1950

Congress adopts 0.08 BAC as the national illegal limit for impaired driving.

1980

1953

Mothers Against Drunk Drivers, or MADD, is founded by Candy Lightner after her 13-year-old daughter was killed on her way home from a school carnival by a drunk driver.

Robert Borkenstein invents the Breathalyzer, which is easier and more accurate for police officers to use than the Drunkometer.

2012 Alabama becomes the last state in the U.S. to pass and execute an ignition interlock law for those arrested and/or convicted of impaired driving.

1984 21 drinking age

The National Minimum Drinking Age Act requires states to pass individual legislation raising the drinking age to 21.

The first commonly used legal limit for BAC level becomes 0.15 percent.

1940

2000 0.08 BAC LEVEL

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

The law | PAGE 10 PAGE # | Title

Cost breakdown:

if you are arrested, you should expect to pay somewhere between $5,000 and $12,000 with the largest cost typically being the jump in your insurance rates. If substance abuse counseling classes are required for your case, the costs may range from $100 to $500.

Fines differ between states and counties. Typically, first offense fines range from $250 and $1,500.

court costs

legal fees

counseling Using a lawyer to navigate the system will help but will cost approximately $2,000. There is no expense if you go pro se, or without a lawyer. Going on trial will likely cost at least $5,000.

The administrative costs for getting your license back after suspensions vary by state. Expect to pay between $250 and $500.

license

ignition interlock

insurance

loss of income If required, you will pay an installation fee ($100) and a monthly rental fee of about $50-$100 per month. Average time for first offense is three months although many states require longer periods. This will cost up to $325.

relationships

Sitting in jail, doing community service, court apperances and remedial services may take you away from your job anywhere from one to five weeks. The average U.S. income in 2014 was about $52,000 a year, so the estimated cost is about $1,000 to $4,000. Aside from monetary costs, you may also experience feelings of shame and embarassment. Friends and family members may be very concerned about your well being and be overly attentive to your behavior, even if you feel everything is under control.

The person behind the wheel is not the only person affected by drunk driving. Studies show almost a quarter of all family members of individuals killed by a drunk driver develop post traumatic stress disorder after the incident.

fines $100-$10,000+ Depending on the conviction level, can be up to $750,000.

insurancE

legal fees $250-$4,000

After a DUI, you will be categorized by your insurance company as a high-risk driver. Most companies will raise rates at least $1,000-$1,500 annually. This “high-risk” status typically continues for three years. Expect to pay around $4,500 over three years.

The estimated cost of a dui

THE FAMILY EFFECT

Your insurance can double, triple or even be dropped for three–13 years.

$5,000-$40,000+

These are the costs for a first-time offense, presuming the driver is lucky enough not to HAVE hit anyone or caused any sort of PROPERTY DAMAGE.

A FAMILY’S PERSPECTIVE

“

Every day I wake up to the reality that my daughter is no longer going to be with me. SAUNDRA DOCKERY

sobering facts Drunk driving in north carolina

number of deaths, 2003-2012

4,102

License reinstatement fees

people were killed in crashes involving a drunk driver in n.c.

$100-$1,000

TOWING EXPENSES $200-$800

rate of deaths per 100,000 by age, 2012

Krystal was pregnant at the time of the crash, but the impact caused a miscarriage.

Depending on the number of days car is towed away for.

Ten-week-old Jakori died at the hospital from his injuries, and Shawn suffered a fractured skull, broken upper and lower jaw, and a broken femur.

Killed by a drunk driver while riding his bike with friends.

in 1996, saundra dockery lost her daughter to a drunk driver. she isn’t alone every day, about eight teenagers are killed in accidents influenced by alcohol.

8.0

6.7

The impaired driver was charged with a DUI and possession of drug paraphernalia. He was released after only serving one month.

national north carolina

Chilli is now paraplegic.

1.7

0-20

Shawn and JaKori Brown

Zachary was killed on scene, and his family was not allowed to go to the site of the crash. They struggled because they were never able to confirm for themselves that it was indeed Zachary.

The crash was placed on Zachary because he was riding on a non-pedestrian road.

The driver was found to have valium and cocaine in his system, and following the crash, his only concern was getting his “oxys” (OxyContin) out of his car.

PAGE 11 | Shattered

Struck a few miles from their house by a drunk driver driving 60 miles per hour on the wrong side of the street. He was trying to beat an oncoming train to the next intersection.

Tanya Lynn Stage, 17 As they drove, the teens continued to drink. The driver hit a patch of ice and Tanya was at a slumber party with friends. The mother hosting the party served alcohol to the girls at the event. lost control, striking a tree. Unbelted in Later in the evening, Tanya and a friend decided to drive. the backseat, Tanya died on impact. Her family still deals with a multitude of emotions anger at both the driver and the mother who served alcohol to their daughter and guilt, wondering if they could have done something different.

Chilli Vasquez, 6 On the way from the mall, a drunk driver hit the car Chilli was riding in head-on. The doctors did not think she would survive but she did, and her life will never be the same.

Kaely Camacho, 13 On the way to school, a drunk driver with a BAC three times the legal limit ran a red light and plowed into the Camacho’s minivan at about 100 miles per hour. The collision tore the minivan in half. Her sister and father survived with injuries, but Kaely, a bright and popular middle school cheerleader, was killed.

Krystal, Chris and Raven Foster Chris and his daughter Raven picked Krystal up from work at 10:30 p.m. Thirteen minutes later, they were hit by an underage drunk driver.

Krystal was in a coma for the next 30 days and awoke to find out her husband died on the way to the hospital and her daughter suffered traumatic brain injury and shock.

The driver was high on drugs and had a BAC that was twice the legal limit. He was driving the wrong way on the freeway at 110 miles per hour and hit their car head on.

3.3

3.1 1.3

voices of victims:

4.2

4.0 Raven saw her stepfather die in front of her and her mother critically injured.

Zachary Gomez, 15

“

The Cost

THE PARENTAL BURDEN Parents of teenagers or young adults who are charged with drunk driving often bare the related costs of the DUI. A fatality caused by an alcohol-related crash may cost parents almost $119,000 in medical fees, emergency costs and legal bills.

35+

21-34

All ages

RATE OF DEATHS per 100,000 by gender, 2012 male

FEMALE 5.2

1.5 6.8

The Cost | PAGE 12

1.7

Prevention

What’s working

shifting mindsets Uber has only been in service since 2009, but has already made a significant impact on preventing potential drunk drivers from getting behind the wheel. The results of this study have shown that the availability of reliable and consistent ride sharing services has shifted mindsets about drunk driving and how to prevent making unsafe choices.

PITTSBURGH: SATURDAY NIGHT RIDE REQUESTS

78%

of people say that since Uber launched in their city, their friends are less likely to drive drunk.

“

life changes forever because someone’s poor choice to drink and drive.

3.6%

31%

San Francisco

PENNSYLVANIA

TAMPA

TEXAS

11.1%

3.5%

philadelphia

WASHINGTON

austin

The Capital

40%

10%

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Seattle

making wide turns

driving at a very inconsistent speed

almost striking an object or vehicle

responding slowly to traffic signals

weaving, swerving or straddling the center line

turning abruptly or illegally

FOR MORE INFORMATION:

Take your friend’s keys away and hide them

call law enforcement if they insist on driving

call a sober friend to pick them up

suggest a sleepover or get a hotel room

designate a sober driver in the beginning of the night

take a taxi or alternative form of transportation

PAGE 13 | Shattered

FLORIDA

HOW TO SPOT A DRUNK DRIVER

m 4a

m 2a

WHAT YOU CAN DO

CALIFORNIA

saundra dockery

demand for Uber spikes right around the times bars close

t igh

57%

of transportation service users agree “without Uber, I’d probably end up driving more after drinking”.

93%

of people would recommend a friend to take Uber instead of driving if the friend had been drinking.

pm 10

m 8p

m 6p

88%

of respondents over 21 agree that “Uber has made it easier for me to avoid driving home when I’ve had too much to drink.”

After Uber was introduced in major cities such as those listed to the right, DUI arrests decreased significantly. For example, prior to Uber's arrival in 2013, Seattle had approximately 7.6 people per day arrested for driving under the influence. The percentages shown to the right depict the decrease in DUI arrests in the respective cities and states.

“

Drunk driving is a serious issue that affects millions of people a year, but it is preventable. A 2015 study by Uber and mothers against drunk driving has shown that since 2012, nearly 300,000 people have driven drunk every day. Even one drink is enough to impact your ability to drive. With the increase in popularity of ride sharing services like uber and lyft, the prevalence of drunk driving has decreased.

decrease in dui arrests by state

MADD| madd.org

NHTSA| nhtsa.gov

Founded by a mother whose daughter was killed by a drunk driver, MADD is the nation’s largest nonprofit working to end drunk driving and supports the victims of these crimes. Seek help by calling 1-877-ASK-MADD.

Established in 1970, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is dedicated to achieving the highest standard of excellence in vehicle and highway safety. Call NHTSA’s vehicle safety hotline at 1-888-327-4236.

Prevention | PAGE 14