Cont ArchⅡ

Create Of Atmosphere In The Digital Rendering

If the current architectural renderings could be described by one word, it must be “impressive”. The enormous world of rendering allows people to explore every space of the virtually constructed environment and experience what they might hear or feel when they walk from one room to another, without having to actually be there in person. According to Andrew Atwood wrote in his article, architecture is moving fast toward a graphic expression, increasingly focused on photographs, renderings and anything in between. The techniques generating these images are frequently considered jargon (Atwood 2014). Furthermore, they are even deemed as wizardry masquerading that should be kept in the background, and should not be talked about. However, through generating the gap between the computer graphic representations and traditional geometric descriptions, the image-making techniques can make the rendering process go beyond the photo-realistic effect. Actually, relying more on texture mapping and surface effects makes the images separate more from any source. This is an opportunity to conceptualize what we are doing when we render without resorting to nature and rules.

In painting, the historic shift to abstraction requires a comprehension of the plane of the picture. Meanwhile, it also requires various techniques, such as layering, displacing, washing, keeping and rendering. Considering that digital rendering has provided a substrate in the forms of technique, employing these techniques to critically discuss our own methods of expression makes sense, including air and atmosphere.

The author argued that digital rendering provides a plentiful choices of image representation, this is the most crucial fact that appeal to him. It is true that computer technology enables designers to express their design intentions more freely. The memory function of the computer facilitates the modification, storage and reproduction of the design drawings. Moreover, the fine and high accuracy of the drawings designed by the computer strengthens the expressive force of artistic design works. Computer design software is another expansion of designers’ thinking.

The various functions of graphic design software, such as image synthesis, image processing, special effects of filters, etc., have significantly expanded designers’ thinking space. Threedimensional design software can expand designers’ spatial imagination and express the design works intuitively, especially the camera angle, lighting, materials, light energy transmission, rendering and other effects in the software. The various hardware and software technologies provided by the computer bring convenient and quick drawing operation to designers, so they can save and modify the files conveniently, which not only substantially shortens the time of design and production, but also saves manpower and material resources. In addition, many design effects expressed by computer production cannot be realized by traditional hand-drawing techniques. This is undoubtedly the revolution of design expression technology, and it has become the most important expression mode adopted in design expression at present.

The various functions of graphic design software, such as image synthesis, image processing, special effects of filters, etc., have significantly expanded designers’ thinking space. Three-dimensional design software can expand designers’ spatial imagination and express the design works intuitively, especially the camera angle, lighting, materials, light energy transmission, rendering and other effects in the software. The various hardware and software technologies provided by the computer bring convenient and quick drawing operation to designers, so they can save and modify the files conveniently, which not only substantially shortens the time of design and production, but also saves manpower and material resources. In addition, many design effects expressed by computer production cannot be realized by traditional hand-drawing techniques. This is undoubtedly the revolution of design expression technology, and it has become the most important expression mode adopted in design expression at present.

As an advanced design tool, Lewis mentioned in his book that the computer is graphical, informative, and easy and fast to display. (Lewis, Tsurumaki and Lewis 2013)

As an advanced design tool, Lewis mentioned in his book that the computer is graphical, informative, and easy and fast to display. (Lewis, Tsurumaki and Lewis 2013)

Moreover, it is especially handy to copy and modify, which is more convenient and fast to realize the design scheme. Therefore, computer drawing has the following advantages: (1) It replaces the traditional two-dimensional design with three-dimensional and four-dimensional technology, thus making the design effect more vivid and touching. (2) It employs virtual materials instead of real materials, which saves design cost while manifesting the real design effect. (3) It provides realistic simulation means, enabling designers to express design intent easily and accurately. (4) Its huge and cheap database and simple copying technology allow designers to take advantage of various design resources conveniently. (5) It provides filters and other special effect tools for designers to make a variety of special effects. (6) It is convenient to revise the design scheme repeatedly.

Moreover, it is especially handy to copy and modify, which is more convenient and fast to realize the design scheme. Therefore, computer drawing has the following advantages: (1) It replaces the traditional two-dimensional design with three-dimensional and four-dimensional technology, thus making the design effect more vivid and touching.

(2) It employs virtual materials instead of real materials, which saves design cost while manifesting the real design effect. (3) It provides realistic simulation means, enabling designers to express design intent easily and accurately. (4) Its huge and cheap database and simple copying technology allow designers to take advantage of various design resources conveniently. (5) It provides filters and other special effect tools for designers to make a variety of special effects. (6) It is convenient to revise the design scheme repeatedly. Digital rendering expressions simply stands for "design expressions". However, the traditional design expression techniques represented by hand drawing have been greatly challenged by this mainstream trend.(Johnson 2001)

On the other hand, digital technology stiffens the active thinking of designers

Digital rendering expressions simply stands for "design expressions". However, the traditional design expression techniques represented by hand drawing have been greatly challenged by this mainstream trend.(Johnson 2001)

The computer is only a tool to realize the design, but the most crucial thing is designers’ artistic skills and design ideas. If designers blindly rely on the computer, the computer will become a constraint to the creation of design. However, the complicated operation of computer software affects the active thinking, making the designer become a mechanical operator. The monotonous

On the other hand, digital technology stiffens the active thinking of designers

The computer is only a tool to realize the design, but the most crucial thing is designers’ artistic skills and design ideas. If designers blindly rely on the computer, the computer will become a constraint to the creation of design. However, the complicated operation of computer software affects the active thinking, making the designer become a mechanical operator. The monotonous and long-term mechanical operation of computer design confines thinking. Over time, such designers' innovative thinking gradually become exhausted, and their design inspiration slowly loses. In this sense, they will ultimately become computer operators. Digital rendering and hand drawing should not be discussed separately. Instead, they should be considered as an inseparable means in design system.Modern technology makes the renderings more realistic, which is undoubtedly an innovation brought by computer technology to the design field. However, it also deprives the design field of environmental experience. and long-term mechanical operation of computer design confines thinking. Over time, such designers' innovative thinking gradually become exhausted, and their design inspiration slowly loses. In this sense, they will ultimately become computer operators. Digital rendering and hand drawing should not be discussed separately. Instead, they should be considered as an inseparable means in design system.Modern technology makes the renderings more realistic, which is undoubtedly an innovation brought by computer technology to the design field. However, it also deprives the design field of environmental experience.

1: Paul, "Tsurumaki.Lewis: Intensities"5.

1: Paul, "Tsurumaki.Lewis: Intensities"5.

2: Timothy P, "Renderings Of Digital Art"35.

As time goes by, various design drawings and schemes are realized by computers, making designers increasingly rely on computer programs, and forming a rigid mindset in design. Subconsciously, one can design renderings with perfect structure and beautiful appearance only by inputting relevant numerical values to the environment and elements to be represented. Computer technology certainly makes the design of renderings simple, but it lacks the emotional input of designers on design drawings, designers’ personal characteristics and their original charm.

As time goes by, various design drawings and schemes are realized by computers, making designers increasingly rely on computer programs, and forming a rigid mindset in design. Subconsciously, one can design renderings with perfect structure and beautiful appearance only by inputting relevant numerical values to the environment and elements to be represented. Computer technology certainly makes the design of renderings simple, but it lacks the emotional input of designers on design drawings, designers’ personal characteristics and their original charm.

At present, computer design can only be improved in drawing efficiency and quality. It has its own insurmountable weakness: lack of originality and artistry in thinking and feeling. Moreover, designing high-level renderings with computers must rely on the basic knowledge of fine arts, otherwise, all “veteran” computer users may become excellent designers or artists. As Atwood asked in the article: What lessons can the 21st-century renderer learn from this 18th-century watercolorist?”

At present, computer design can only be improved in drawing efficiency and quality. It has its own insurmountable weakness: lack of originality and artistry in thinking and feeling. Moreover, designing high-level renderings with computers must rely on the basic knowledge of fine arts, otherwise, all “veteran” computer users may become excellent designers or artists. As Atwood asked in the article:

(Atwood 2014)

What can we learn from watercolor rendering to make up for the weakness of computer rendering?

“ What lessons can the 21st-century renderer learn from this 18th-century watercolorist?”

(Atwood 2014)

The artistry of the effect picture itself determines that it must have its own personality. Hand drawing is adept at expressing designers’ subjective feelings and artistic effects, while computer renderings are often dull and stiff. With the continuous progress of computer software, computer renderings can achieve many effects of hand drawing. However, there are still various features in hand drawing that are difficult to simulate in computer renderings, such as the special effect generated by the interaction between different watercolour papers and pigments.(figure 1,2)

What can we learn from watercolor rendering to make up for the weakness of computer rendering? The artistry of the effect picture itself determines that it must have its own personality. Hand drawing is adept at expressing designers’ subjective feelings and artistic effects, while computer renderings are often dull and stiff. With the continuous progress of computer software, computer renderings can achieve many effects of hand drawing. However, there are still various features in hand drawing that are difficult to simulate in computer renderings, such as the special effect generated by the interaction between different watercolour papers and pigments.(figure 1,2)

1: Andrew, "Rendering Air: On Representation Of Particles In The Sky"47-51.

The roughness produced in the process of watercolor washing and color layering also renders a unique atmosphere. This roughness can also be applied to computer renderings. When we render an object, the most essential step is to add texture to the object. We can refer to the layering method of watercolor for this texture, so that an object can appear more realistic or more ambient. A smooth material can endow an object with a sense of elegance(figure 3,4), while a rough and worn material can make the object seemingly cheap and shabby(figure 5,6). Referring to artists' works, the integration of different materials and light can modify the atmosphere of an environment. In terms of the approach to control materials and lighting, we should refer to and learn from many installation art and natural environment in reality to forge a more imaginative atmosphere(figure7). There are many effects of computer renderings that cannot be achieved by hand drawing. For example, the computer renderings can simulate the materials, textures, temperature and environment used in the design, and then generate different colour through the post-processing of the software to realize the authenticity of the design. Nowadays, the combination of modern computer renderings and traditional renderings increases the emotional input and personalized color rendering on the basis of the real renderings, which makes the renderings display the most perfect aspect. Meanwhile, it is also a manifestation of the connection between the creator and the work.（figure 8, 9).

The roughness produced in the process of watercolor washing and color layering also renders a unique atmosphere. This roughness can also be applied to computer renderings. When we render an object, the most essential step is to add texture to the object. We can refer to the layering method of watercolor for this texture, so that an object can appear more realistic or more ambient. A smooth material can endow an object with a sense of elegance(figure 3,4), while a rough and worn material can make the object seemingly cheap and shabby(figure 5,6). Referring to artists' works, the integration of different materials and light can modify the atmosphere of an environment. In terms of the approach to control materials and lighting, we should refer to and learn from many installation art and natural environment in reality to forge a more imaginative atmosphere(figure7). There are many effects of computer renderings that cannot be achieved by hand drawing. For example, the computer renderings can simulate the materials, textures, temperature and environment used in the design, and then generate different colour through the post-processing of the software to realize the authenticity of the design. Nowadays, the combination of modern computer renderings and traditional renderings increases the emotional input and personalized color rendering on the basis of the real renderings, which makes the renderings display the most perfect aspect. Meanwhile, it is also a manifestation of the connection between the creator and the work.（figure 8, 9).

By observing the different forms of light under human control, we find that a natural scene with different colors and shapes of light will manifest different moods of atmosphere in real life.(figure10, 11） Through the atmosphere displayed by realistic scenes, these unpredictable expressions can broaden our imagination. Further, we can express such emotional atmosphere and scenes through computer renderings. Moreover, computer renderings have many features that are difficult to achieve by hand drawing. For example, computer renderings can realistically reproduce the color and texture of materials, create a realistic environment, and conduct complex post-processing. Therefore, the combination of computer renderings and hand drawing represents the general trend, and only their combination can highlight the charm of art perfectly. An excellent rendering work integrates many disciplines such as perspective, ergonomics, chromatics, etc., and can accurately reflect the spatial structure, sense of light, and texture of materials in the environment. It could be computer rendering or an installation that rendering the atmosphere.However, computer renderings can't replace people's feelings in real space, we should capture emotions in real atmosphere, and use this mood to enhance the digital render.

By observing the different forms of light under human control, we find that a natural scene with different colors and shapes of light will manifest different moods of atmosphere in real life.(figure10, 11 ） Through the atmosphere displayed by realistic scenes, these unpredictable expressions can broaden our imagination. Further, we can express such emotional atmosphere and scenes through computer renderings. Moreover, computer renderings have many features that are difficult to achieve by hand drawing. For example, computer renderings can realistically reproduce the color and texture of materials, create a realistic environment, and conduct complex post-processing. Therefore, the combination of computer renderings and hand drawing represents the general trend, and only their combination can highlight the charm of art perfectly.

An excellent rendering work integrates many disciplines such as perspective, ergonomics, chromatics, etc., and can accurately reflect the spatial structure, sense of light, and texture of materials in the environment. It could be computer rendering or an installation that rendering the atmosphere. However, computer renderings can't replace people's feelings in real space, we should capture emotions in real atmosphere, and use this mood to enhance the digital render.

The creation of computer renderings requires the creator to possess some knowledge of art. The creation process of computer renderings is a simulation of reality. For example, to simulate a specific environment by the 3D software, it is necessary to set data such as light sensitivity, air, reflection, and material characteristics in design, to reflect the realistic sense of the renderings. Simulation is to achieve the truest effect, i.e. the idealized effect that designers intend to show, through the rendering of color and environment on the premise of certain assumptions. If designers are not equipped with the basic skills of fine arts, their understanding of color collocation and effect is lacking, and even their understanding of the architecture structure is not sufficient. In this case, when generating the renderings with drawing software, it will give people a poor sensory experience. Thus, it is of vital significance to possess some art skills for the design of computer renderings.

The creation of computer renderings requires the creator to possess some knowledge of art. The creation process of computer renderings is a simulation of reality. For example, to simulate a specific environment by the 3D software, it is necessary to set data such as light sensitivity, air, reflection, and material characteristics in design, to reflect the realistic sense of the renderings. Simulation is to achieve the truest effect, i.e. the idealized effect that designers intend to show, through the rendering of color and environment on the premise of certain assumptions. If designers are not equipped with the basic skills of fine arts, their understanding of color collocation and effect is lacking, and even their understanding of the architecture structure is not sufficient. In this case, when generating the renderings with drawing software, it will give people a poor sensory experience. Thus, it is of vital significance to possess some art skills for the design of computer renderings.

The two methods have their respective strengths and weaknesses in art design, so we should always take advantage of the strengths and avoid the weaknesses. Thus, designers can improve the work efficiency, activate their design thinking, and enhance artistic accomplishment by absorbing the strengths of computer technology and hand-drawing techniques while avoiding their weaknesses.

The two methods have their respective strengths and weaknesses in art design, so we should always take advantage of the strengths and avoid the weaknesses. Thus, designers can improve the work efficiency, activate their design thinking, and enhance artistic accomplishment by absorbing the strengths of computer technology and hand-drawing techniques while avoiding their weaknesses.

1: McCall, "Between You and I".

2:Zeynep elik, May, "Archaeologies of Architectural Practice".

The artistic characteristics and advantages of hand drawing consolidate its position and role in expressive design. Its expressive skills and methods are equipped with natural artistic temperament. The expression of artistic beauty between design rationality and artistic freedom has become the goal pursued by designers. These also depend on the rendering, storage, spreading and other functions of computer technology. The correct approach is to make good use of the strengths of traditional expression techniques, grasp the development of techniques, and give full play to the advantages of computer technology in communication, storage and effect expression, so as to maximize the realization of design creativity and design concept. The essence of computer renderings and physical is to pursue the expression of “architectural sense”. As an expression of image quality, renderings have different artistic values. Specifically, the art displayed in the renderings is architectural art, which is a feeling of architectural beauty. Therefore, excellent renderings require the participation of computer drawing software, and emotional expression. Moreover, they need the combination of picture and color, and the embodiment of the main idea, so as to ensure the perfect embodiment of the “architectural sense” of the renderings. Therefore, designers should have some aesthetic awareness and creativity when they skillfully use drafting software to design, so that the most perfect “architectural sense” can be displayed. Rendering helps designers convey their ideas, which is the truest image that manifests designers' imagination. It is also an indispensable learning method for architects to seek inspiration in real life and explore the level of beauty through hand drawing.

Bibliography

Lewis, Paul, Marc Tsurumaki, and David J Lewis. 2013. Lewis.Tsurumaki. Lewis: Intensities. 1st ed. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Atwood, Andrew. 2014. "Rendering Air: On Representation Of Particles In The Sky". Log No. 31 (Spring/Summer 2014), pp. 47-51. https://www.jstor. org/stable/43630885.

Paul, Christiane. 2002. "Renderings Of Digital Art". Leonardo 35 (5): 471484. doi:10.1162/002409402320774303.

Johnson, Timothy P. 2001. "Digital Drawing". Landscape Architecture Magazine 91: 44, 46, 48, 103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44671094.

Alexander, Zeynep elik, and John May, eds. Design Technics: Archaeologies of Architectural Practice. University of Minnesota Press, 2020. https://doi. org/10.5749/j.ctvtv938x.

Anthony McCall, Between You and I, 2006, Fig: installation made Sixteenth Minute. Installation at Peer/The Round Chapel, London, 2006.