Juris Magazine- March, 1969

Juris

OU QUE.SN r.

U~l\.'1~SJTY.

Pr"TTSBURoa.

PA,

Duquesne Law

School Newsmagazine

ED!TORI A L -

Law and Order or Law Versus Order "A brief r<:/le<:1 ioo s olves the mystery" -'Stobbs

l"fl'\H E R EFLECTIONS of Atiorncy G tmenl J obn Mitchell ..!1 indicate . . . to Mitc hel! , at leas t . .. that the us e of wir etapping a nd other e lectr o nic s ur veillance devices will not only solve the existing cl'i me proble m facing the A rnerlcan people but a !so will prP.vtmt any fulut"e crime problem In our c ountry.

Thes e ea w~sdropplng devices. the 'Mitche ll s ol\1tlon' for Law and Ordel". eM ble t he va rlous la w enfol'CQment offlc:e l."1' to qu!Nly "listen In'' Ul)Qn a lleged c.rlm ina l1:<, thereby mfl k lng ·lt pos sible to anticipate theil" ever y \lnL'\wful move.

This solution, s eemingly uncomplicate(l a nd effective, prompts my s uggesting that Attorney Gt•ne ral Mitc hell rcDect further as to the prospective and retrospectiv•~ effects of h1s "!lolutlon" t i) t he problem o ( c rime.

Thieo question of mun ·s rights to pi·l v~ cy ha s hf.!en deba ted . . .

Rupposed!y s e ttl ecl ... then Teclebate<I since the conception of an orde rly s ociflty. With the nd m nc<'! nrnnt o f te chnkn l knowledgt::, the sophistication of nudlo- visua I Slfl."voilfa nee devlr.es, the temptation ... if nol t he ac t1111l prsc tice of Inf ringing upon one 'R r ight to prh".'lcy and of deh·lng into per.~onn I and confidcr>tlal c ommunication" . . . has hcl'<m1e fl<'E'n mr.n·e difficult to c·~s ist.

T he Am el' iclln Cons titutle>n protec ts us from this lnfrlnp;cme nt. ln Kat z v. United Stat.eF. the Supre me? Court of t he? U11itAd St(t te.s r eitBratoo the principle laid clown Jn Si l verma!l v. l!'<1lte<I Sta tes: th.at thl! 'Fout"th A nuindment go,•er ns nol only the seizur e of tangible Items , but l!Xten(I$ as well to lhe recording o.f om I st<i te meuts o ve r hen rd without uny teclutl<:a t' tre!Spass uodo:ir . . . Joca l property lnw.

The Katz case we nt on to s a y, In effect, lha t gove.r11me11t ~gcnti:o igno r ed t he proc enure of irntec:edent jus tif!c·:i tion, i. e ., fo llow ing constitutiona l proce<i\Jres, in thls ('as t? !!nrl t.t1eJr fnilnreto follow t he constitutiona lly dei;; ig na toi'I pro<'cdurc for lhc useof elec t r onic survellla ne e devices he.Id the i::overn m.;ont' !'- A c:tion,<; viola th•e o f the constitutiona l rights of tho a cc used .

Though Title Ill of the Om11ih11s Cl'!ma Control and Ssfo Stroets Act of l96!1 dea ls specifically with wJrel'applng and ~lectronic s urveillance devic es a long with· pr(1t•ed•m?1< th3 t loo Emfor.:,-ement agenci es must use in order to malnt11in s nch i'l<wk c;s. Ra msey Cla rk'!:< fs ih,re to em1>loy this Act com btnnd wit h t he llick of any s igntftc311t Co11r t a ction u1xon the Act's va lldlty will r e move direct c ons lrlera tion of this Acl f ro n1 th!i; comment.

T he Constitution ca lls for our right to pr!vncy ; the Coo rt'~ promulgated chronicles r e flect t his com mitme nt. T ho Mitchell •solution' rais es the issue: Whether or not one of the ha sk fre Gdomil spec lficfl lly enumerated In out" Constit.utlon, lhtoright to pr i va c y. sh n ti be 11l>'rog-a ted In or der to lmpleml'nt the Attorney Ot-neral's concept of b w a nd orde r.

Wh.:t t com es to mi1·1d i s tha t th~' Mitc hell 'de l" ign' r ese mbles the scheme o f another "arlvocate of J•Jstice ,• one who rose to powe r in Germany in t he 19~W's . Thi~ na tionit! figure us ed, :dong with tlw devices of f'-'ll r and hate, Alectron!c and hun'l3n eavei;dropping de vices to ll cquire ir1for ma tio11 r•~l.- \•ant lo bls pur poses. This, despite the simila rity of the !I m erlciin a nd t he Wei ma r Con.stitnl!ori,;;) T he co mparison, extreme HS lt may s eem. iR not without svrne validity. The 11-litchell 'rlesign' s oe\\.s the ldcnl {'f the orde r ed s tllte, thP. e11 ptu r e 9 :1rl <'onflnc1l'1ent <> fst;\te ctu~mi·~s . •• lhP. o ther pr esum11h.ly f'<>ught the s~ m e..

Le; It 11nt po~slhle t hen t hat ~,., shuse of the Mitche ll 'soh1t!on· co u!O r o;1mlt ln ii.n.:ither "or dH r ed" ~tale, n s ta te wh(ire the r ulers nnd not the 1>e<>rte a r e the det'3r m l n<-rs o! the 11.,oph;'" n(<Stif\y'.'

The simple fact 1•em~ins t h" t any dis reg11 nl cJfour .::0~1s titl1tion or the recogni zed i nte1·pret~ cs o f m1 r co :1stitution, i .t:. too ~upl'eme Co1irt of the l':1ited State!;, by a re~nJ\t- nr!t>nt.ateri. <H'er e"1thu$ed 3.dvocato o f juPt!c c roll }' w•~J I resu lt ir. 1H.ldi tio!1al rlis r cgard o! our le((al rights.

The Mitchell s<•httion may pra,!; 1~.nt ~ <' Ot'P to ,\ m;~rlcn n Lnw onfor cemrmt probl<.>ms, hut his tory shows lhn t i;imile r remedies when wJt r.onstr.sinetl can hB mot"e 1fangorot1,~ th:• r. tho~ ilh1A;;s , We n:n•<7. little d::>11bt that t.hc Mitc hell "1>res c r iplilln'' Wi ll fo il.

He htls,'l.n our •·i<.> w. c1·.:oa t~rl an issue-law !tnrl o rder versu~ lhe conittit•Jt!on - thnl c an he no is s u"'· lss u"' car:,1<)t he takAn with the ConstitL:tion.

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The public, it appears. ls In s.~·mpa thy wilh Mr. Mitche ll' s ('ommi ttrnent. Let us hope tMt in thei r ~"thusiaar11 for law snd ordt!r the people and the Atlorney Gene·r!I 1 a.re r.ot forgHt.hll of the 'letter of the law ' !ind the pri nc iplil."! do;,c brE'd in tlmt nagging little doc um ent ca l!ed ttul Cons f.ltution.

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UST O\'ER 11 years ~. 011 Oct. 4, 1951, lllt USSR launched 'Spu tnll; r. SIDce tllat date.• 1111 11.monnt or actMty Jn s-pace h2S locreasorl to such • extent that II ls twdly possible to pick up a newspaJJW without readi ng of some turtller deve-lopmeot in !Illa field. Prior to t 95i, tbe l~al statuso!tbese aetM!f• w:i.• ·,- peeulatlve rather than what mlght be termed 1 pr3ctJ ~a1 problem for the lnterndlonal laW}~ r It sol••· With tlle IDcrellSll>f amOW1t or space acthttr, boW{>.ier, aod tile new legal !Esues whlcb !Miii acl1vltl~s have raised, II bas becOme appareot llal th• matter can no lofl!l(!r bl> reg~d purely I.a 1

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spcrulat!Ye • a }'. llecause or tile ver )· na!IJre of 1111 lsstleS lm'>IYed and, in the ligll t orrecentde 1-e lopm~ In .r.lentlNc re!X'uch. th.re ts an Increased threat It t uternatlonaJ peace atll.I security. '!'he !nte1·natJ<>m1 ln• )'er I• facPd immediately with a pr(fblea tun<Jamonlttl to tile nature of law ltsP.lf: sMutd lk law aw>.tt f\)rlher experience !)<>(ore &Ollig wad la lay down ~ef!nite r ules nr shotlld the law devclap J>elore the • <Jo tacm• s ltuatlc>1.s which ar~ onvtsqtd c ry$lalise~ Clc~rly th•N Is a danger of waiting loo Jnnc, and r~s po r.$ fhl e goveroments have tal:en tM vlow tllal the I.aw shoulil g<> allud. In a spo,e~h II Soattl~, Wa$hlngton. In 1962, Dean Rusk said lllel • th~ rlllht lirM to subj•ot actMtles lu &l)Qce " lnt•rnatlc>nal law ls oow, ~fore po•$!bly untow:<.~ dev..lnpment• "'"'lr .• This h~ also bcaQ the altllllllt Of Sllvlet StJOkusmen - the tmpU~ations lll>btnd th. .

• l&tements are obvloll!I, BEFO'<t. ~ontlnulng any further,

ff1pothellcal Ca.eee

hn..,ever, I !nteud to Ulustrate, t,, refereoee to three bypottieU~ eases, the snrt of probJoms whfit an inl<>rnatio:ial law>"' ma)· haw

Become Re&llty to race In tllls fleld .

• Supposa •hat Redland, In tlte pur suit o/ actMtta ln outer spar.e, suceeds in landinc a maru1ed rocttl c~ p.<;11 le oo tlte mOOI\ or sotne ot!N!r c~leslial b)dy.

Wh•t Is the le1(al ~tl1on If RedJar.d lay< claim to 1111 wlx>lr or part or that colosttal bod)'7

International Law

• SuPOOSe that Dlad<land pits lnw orblt a saMJitt conlalolng 3 oucl~ar device Whieb may be ~'"-' by a tadlO srgnon This StJrt of situa tion Is ere wllido emphaoiz..s !he need for tbe ..\"Olot\oo ot flrlll tl!nl obllgatlons.

• A !\triller prohJ~m tm"<llved oor• is that f( •weatbl,r eonti·<-1. • lt Is oo! unre:b'Otiabl<>. to exll"1 tllal manktno will eventu3Ui• bave tbe powor ti. in!llJUJ')('c •.v<iattiP.r and ev~n cfima.tt' on a lat~e sr.'11.; 1t Ms MOil prOIX>S~d. for oxami.Je, fllal t~. arttr. :ce rap l>E> meftM artin cially. .~ur.h {>OW~r to r.flal'ft r.llmat.e would have a vas t efteol ool oah on the ar~n'• plant 31\~ Wrlm~l ttro, l>Ut also on tho eo.ouomlc an~ sod") llf<• or the concerned i·o;-gfou.

and Outer-Space

JI Is quJto • pp.non!, tberetore, th:t.f the m~tl•r ~UI no lon~•r l>e lroaled as met"ely Sf>o;Cul~five but that • nm-. dotlntte ael)n.n mu;,t hP lllk'Jn. The llnile<l l\"~Uaas Organl?.atlon was <plcl\ •~ r~~llz~ ~his. Sono atter tbt launchln~ ol SPUtnlk I on O~toMr ~. 195·7, a resolutioo w•s pr<>J1<>$• d lo th~ GP.n~ra! A•~•mh.ly C•!Jlng tor u • Jn• T>?etl1>n ~ystem tr, ensure tbltt IM scl)(!J1ig of o\>Jer.t• lntn ont~r SJl(lr,e sho11M be for peac:et11l •nd ..,Jenlltir. purl)<l.<Q.1 . •

A Step

JJ7 orld Government

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HfJ'N far, then, J~s ?nlPrnatii:m!

Of Ap eemn t

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t:ie

uri:-€s eriun1~r'1teU tn :\ rtlr !i?

:?e of th'l

lnl6rn~tiuna.i

"l'ltl"t Cl( Jus ttc':'. ~1-.~rE- v-arttc11!11r;y, howe v(:r, the law rtlating to n~t~r ·s):<l.te 1~ fom1dl~,\ G.,n•ral A~•'fuhly •Dfcl:lratlon ot J.."~al Principles G<ivernlll!! the £•tMHM o! State$ hi t~• r.x~lnratlnr1 anrJ Ls~ ot "*"·space• w11k~ wa.- a•bpted in 1363. rt snould IJ.?

- I that lt I• a ,Jcdaratlon of legal :>rin<:!ples, Dot a l~rafi<•n of lnlcut as ttie Fr&nch reJ)1'es.intaliw "'r ibes it All!JoURh II is, aod ~le.arty must bo!, a •r.-rst· ~fer· .-tJc~ can :m.i must b<! rallo·...,..1 ~Y cth~t • JlS, fl ~mbodlr•.<, In ~ffect, thos~ vriuc.i pt.-,; nf('n .. l~h ti.~. m• mbers .re tm1te<l. Thi.9 ne~l3!3tlon is nlwte el/llJenee at internat\01.-1 custom whkh Is, 111 llrn, an lrnportant source o/ law. OM mav rog<ird !t Declar.li~n as ropresenttno the •rw~he T:i~lc~· ill outer·St:J&"t.' law- though !tis •Qm-Olhinc le6> than a lrMfy It 19 n1ore <Jian a mero stat..menl of r. ""to:n. b 1s al•r, ttun to say th3t the ~ulhorily of

wUJ <'~rlainl;• iPcr,,a.~• with the i:ns<lllii: ;is the jjrir>:lplo~ ¢<>0\alne<l In it -nme rortle1ied Into Slat< praettee. It ls too urh· ~! this •late In i:leU>rnifne lbe full titer! of IJ,;, hratlon, lllc><Jgb Its autllo<ity ts obvtotl61y hi~. lllt !le,•Jarat!on

ol time, eSJ,ll'CIO.lly

Havlnl( eonsi•.l~red lloc l~ii;-•I problems !n•olved "11d ID ..Mt ~K~ llt internntloual law has ~one In evolving p it>r.lpl<>< lo OlP.Qt thoso probloms, (t is 110W J>COJlO-'tid In eonsldldr ~Onle or tl1c substanUv~ Jilw !n\t<"•lV~d. H • uld lle fm)lllsslbl~ In an artl•!le oltMs stze to ~o Into lt1t In d~tatl 'O l •·Jll limit nn"So!r to outlining <Qrne •' the main pr11:1.;ir>!t!~ of law iuvolvect · 0

TUE !irsl rar-grapb ot the ;)e<-laration of Ll'JC;.I Prlnc:tples ~ tat~~ tlral • t.'le o,ypJoraUon alld

u.s-. of crut&r sine~ s~a ll ~(a1-rled

OU (Of tt1e bcl\efi l ~ult iu C"hC: 11teJ~!tC" ~ C'lf l.l ll ir.unk1n ...t,' .<\t first .o;lrht lh l.s n:.::t}' t~ h~ ~o ge11cral in ils outlook that it cau hs •e 111 ]11risU~ ai~1itn,;a.11~e. But It is ~ar.at~•n M il9 n~rallf r (~at fhi' ~tat•rnont .if i;rln<:lplo is ><· '"'1><1rta.nt, for f1·orn it ste.m many or thn spcdtic pr!n~iple.s r.(•ntaf•i>ll Ir. th<> chartnr. Jts lmpurt;mc• •ill :i.l•o l)c not11ol !~ !ht• future in d~3?in~ ·11ith c•lhet·

t.(l

use, of U1e natura 1 r~~r.n1r<"e.i; of telt.•::>tU!l bodies? ·r111s ts a qu<>"tion quit• separate lrom that ot ap1>roririatton. Th~ IJedaratJon contains ~o specific

nnt

providlon relallnt to !ltis matt<>r, t.ut othe r ~.;t1Pral pro•lsions are role-rort l>or•, such as !be provi.sioll" tbaf u.~ shall be ..oo 1'I b3.sf" ot cquali 1y" and that acthities shall lie coll'P.1dc<I 'with c>•~ '"i" J Im ~I

the CtlfTO•PQnding 1ntere-scts

u1hdr

Sc i.~c.,. •

Sr, fl\r l l1a·10 oonsid~red <rM1om o f expl<'ration aod the lmpossihillty of o.atlonal aµ1iropr lation. It,.,.,, bo. se~ n het·<t that these principle< flt In wjt11 the priuc lple al Keneral t"'ne/!t to m an~lnd. Cotnci<!ent witb tM• ts tile pr!ucfple or · ~o -opor aUon' and m ut\t>l ~•~Mance - tbe pre.ventinn nt oll>~r J)OleutfaTl y harmht l ~!Xi<.:c exp.2'ritnetus. States undartal\ing such exp.rtm•nt.s a"" uodBr an oblll?tl1on to urn.ler~ "approj:riate lnlernaliona! oonsultillloru.J be(Or<> pr~O<llf\'J ~lh Ille i;.-q><>rlmeut , lote111atla11al Law FlliAI..l.Y, It ts "" prlndple •ll A.Ad sr,ar,e l:!w that 'the a ct 1vi.ttt'.$

Outer Space

vF States in the e x.ph.w;:i tjvu aaU U5t' CJf ..:iuu:c~ti• Ct' llhuU be: c&1rtt"J

out

1n

ac cordonct'.

h11.ernat(1>nnl '"~· inclucHnit lhC

with

O.l'li. <:t11.11lt"r-·

ThP. Frooc:h <M•Kale to the Geueral ;. ~.s.,mbly rafa~d :til !11ror~ ~Un~ question ~<>nccrntng Ibis prirtclple. His :tr:cuinnnt WM a.Ion;; ti"' rouo ..JJt" line.~: how couW

011ter spa'* be i{l)Yerne1 by traditional lnlecnatkmal la.., <ll:en, It ts apparent that IDsome mailers. U>e la'>' or spac~ ~l<nrlydh-er~es lroal tratlltl0031 lnle malt<mal la w'.' 1'~" ar ~um~n\ ts super!l•!ially altt'acltv~ stnc• th•.• r'' musl b>! '1.11 lnipliect unru>rs<an~lne lh• l tradltluual International law car.not apply to matters for wnlell L~

etttu:·r a new rule vu tt1<t

"" ar

U1~re

lf(lbl'?m~

poblk. policy or ·~he u th~ now issues invoh·" l In s pate ma~e <ome prinotplr ll1ll.]JPllealJlo. This r e n1alM an oxr.opUon, h~we·;er, and Ibo bolter view m 11~ L ;c;ur1:Jy ~ lhat states <1~· T\ot r.r~Q:;c to be hount~ by lr1t t" L'n~tlonal la·.v wll~n th&tr acthfiU~s are exte1i<l<od l>oiyon<l t!>e atmoopl1cl"('.

·4·t.lch 1u:.t1· '(tis~.

(,'ne prindple wloich clear If steins frein t~~'.nEcal alr~art;- ~uur.f!iat~·1 if: tbac ·()n1cr • pu~t

_, celcntiu t bu1Jt1s <Hfl fccc fr1r ~11.pJ ..,r al1un <tll'1 • e l:ly all - t.utt~ c.u Fl bo.~i,; ?f t)4.lW1 i ~~ UCH. k. al:1.:...vdu nco '"hh int~ruuth>nu.1 iuw.' Tlutr-.1 (.~ (In aa)n.o y f\f:Jr e to the "'frcu~om of thi! .seal';• t!tx.:l'rinti

:.. tra~ltlor.• I

l ul~rnational

law.

T!1is pt inc: i.pJe l)f .: fr~n1 "! ~xpJur ati<.'n• c~unot be "'II.:! oa its 0"111, bo" •1-er, but must t"' read r1IOll\: wltlt '>.~r

J>!"flr.!pl~~

c·c"1~

jn IM

[•~clarattoo.

rt"e w·r.rm: i i f')r ~:cp!crat:Jt>D.. tli1 t..'fYf me'l.n that llere is any rllfllf o! approl}rlafion b:1 rAh~•· ~iat%,

_.,.t

the 0'!"lt: l~r~tlf1n ~cs -~r: tn state.' U;at "c~lnsti~J

"'rd~rs ate '"'l ~ubj~t·r t•l nat101al ap1!,.opriatlon b» •lalrn ~f .so·Jllr•l;s"1lt;1, 'Jy means o< us• r,r o-:r.vpa•ion II' any nthcr moan!'>.;-

ll ?s i10J)' rlant, in t;t);JSiOerin& these tW¢ prin~Ip;~s. tt O•)tf:- tbat t'1'/\l nx~Litr,~Jy impcirts.nt l')Ut ~~;ltr!l\5 9rc ~s.-.1 ..,t;l~lt "'~l" have an imv;r!a!li IA!at'ili& In the ltWe. CeleaUal

TP.f: nrst is t>:tt ll a~•rG /'rNn

Alllrovrlalloa 01 1114truuonal

U1at,

of thfl Onctaratil'.'n th.:i~h Cel&sttai b·Jrdtrs are

:l\•t

.>utdect

Qrpa1~at1 011

t!>e

·~,14} r.ig

~Pfr~pr1~tion~

to

nattonal

tf'.l.)re (~ r1r;t~ins; l.CI pre'-'~111 an lntqrn•t1011•l Lx.\~, .9u~n as IJ,N,I)., from ?J.)iJlP: ~run~ fut1:l c·t. r.1Rtm. 1'h~.s l.s ~iea rl~ at1 I ~r~ant issu~ !nvl)ivi:i,:: ma~!~' ;,-,01r1i;1~tE1iy dlU'r!renl r do::JS)le$ f !')fTi !bosl?' l'! ll'3a.1~tit;.t1al jnttrfiationaJ

~round~

~t

lnlernatl~n• I

'l'MS'l, ~1n(:l~lt-

•ot UP ~· iospedlon systeui lo e1isor.; that 1Uter •rr•r.c is not usP.d for military purposo.•. II •re is a situallon In whieh int•matlona! JGw oan thrive; it ls

:l ~1:1.'•n\l\y, the l>et~lar:atton allow~ !or "free-" U.$0 by all $ ta t•is on the basis o( •quality. How rar then ai-e Stato.9 to 11\: allow~~ to ~o ~ith th• oxplntl•tlon, tile

then,

ar" the oeuer al

prln<:IJJJ~s

much au area

devlat1on, but one wbern

This ts •lso trW! of tlle se.oll<l l»lot which relal;!s tn the IXJSitiou ot U.N.O, t:nd~r the Oeclaralioo, Iller~ IS oothing ID prevent an lntert111tl<•nal OOdy such

a• U,1'.0. trom acqwrilig soverel8nty over cele<lial h<ldlos . Up till TIO,.., on jurtsd!etion bas~enexet·~!s>.d oVEor outer·Sll"t:t by a.ny country. Wil y s hou ld not all a•:tlvltles In oul.,rs):<l.r.e be un<rer 111e direct aulhorlly or r,ootrol of U.N.0:1 This wo>uld, or rot~ ... be a el~•r departure fl"om 11r~cedont, hut It is subniltted thnt tllLs ~11td ix.. a v.luahle d• p~t'ture. The earEbL'<:•und ll.J'/.O. finds its Hinlts In th& ~'lr.lrinfl <>I stato sovorei1t11t)., but \hero I• no ro.•.<on why th•re sh<:>uld nof !),> internstiooat control ot outer SJ:<I.•'~ by an lntnr113ttona1 bndf. This seems tbe ~nly poos!!>le r.nnr.hi:;l~n ,.1iicb can l'6 tt>2r.M<I 11 tnlernatlonal <onnfel Is to be avoi<1e<!.

TM llnplicatlon.s t..oehllld thi.s ar•, or r.morse, far· a stato nf aftalrs WQold, In effect, IJ.? ll. step toward.• world gov.rnment; me ~xplorot!an or outer-space ~an, oo,.owr, b<l vle w;,t In tbe light re~<: hl °'. Su~h

nt the ~fscovory

ot a

n•w world.

ti remains to bo sc•n whal tu r~t~r d~v~ lopments ocr.ur lxltlt Ill th~ realm nt sclonr.• and ln tbe

wm

"''Olut!on of Jaw ~vernlng tbe,,. MW clrcumsta.oees.

II Is ool fl06siltle lo (orefoU what type• of situation tl"oi> Jaw n1a y have ID <leal wll!l In Ille /lltnre. One thillf: Is eorb.ln, !f i~teroattonal l~w I• to hep in.:e with nv1t1.:-rn develaplll(<nl.$; It must dlseard .some of il~ tra•litional ooUoM, ne>l3bty tM Idea nf state •ovorel ~uty, [t

is refr.sMng to s•~, though, th•t ln a ~1 11 bring ab<lut "lnlorruillo1ial pe:ice. and sor.urlly,• lote r!lllllonal l•w t• mure than k•<>Jlilllt pace with pro,;ent sdentltic developrnonts,

search fnr a ;;alution wMr.h

of

u,.t ll:.$e ar~ (•nly the ~eneral 1;rincipl~s ;

th-. m~rc • pt><:lfic pr!Jlciptos, g!vlnc s ur.h matti;r., as oo<lli,;atlou 3. nd rP.gistra.Uon cf 1 0. UJ\Ct•l n:;~, i<l'.nllflcat lo;on ntark•, rcsponsiblllty tor s pae.o ohjocts , 3".$ 1Stane~ <•( a~lronauts ~It.., are, In ef/ect, !\pplti::atf<>ns r,if the rr.r,irt! r.(~nt•raJ pr fn4\if)l~$ \nvotwrt i:;t>nl~r:Ll

for-

µr>ceiple:s, tlr.•WO\"'tlr. tt ;s '! ~('3.1' to :tiver,;e ll"um trat!iti<Jllllo oonous -.nmple ls the l'<ll<

l~w ~o<Js inmr oatton.~t 1~ ..- - ac

,/ an associate

relating lo Ill<' ~opriafion nf ~e hl:ltl;a.J lndl~ .

Howo•et. ti is not fmP<JS'lbl<> lo llr~\f l.11 a"'lr>v.c• bF.!tf) ·.11itb lh:f? clorh'Jne oi th.e tre~t:iro ~·r the< sea..;. r~1·~r·1 ~· 1~ a thne whet.. sear!l!'lng n;i.tk;ns !aid flaiJll to Ktt!'lll iXJ l'ti\Jns ot o~~·~an - ont? c an P.~uil.t~ th<! i~:tpJ,•C' 6 r ~ .,r thr EUzahetha.n era ?.o'ith thr. nx pkirer~

or tn<tay: lho.

prlnclpl~s undnrl ;in~ th~ doc trln~

,/ o summer clerk

o>

tht\ fr~..:..tou1 of ttie SPas :ire txtslCiill}' tl\rr .:;amt• as thcS9. f,l')V«·rnh~ :;~r·e law, narnr:ly tha.t. a.~ C!roUus ~Xf.,R\n~. "~S.t\trc :.k,.~s ;1vt gjvc a tl~ht tr,1 anyt•ody tc ~~l·r'l)J>t'lt\tR thb~S t?'J~·t {tj,.::t_}' ~ tJSed ~y (l\"t>:· yb-:i~y.•

World

Cooperation And Illt LogJcal ltosu.ll :>f

llf

ta.. relating l•l c.rter SPQce. It must be

inl~r1c>.tional e mpha.sir.e~

Fto1n lhrt tl1at ~i:;io~

~n

lnlcrnatloll3l Jaw Is <'3!'3ble Of tor m!ng a 5'1tisfactory solution.

tHf.Rf.

retnlJln

hi•t!

../ a part time clerk

m:tt:ter.;.

.,/a research assistant

·•·tM.·r-: therre j.:; ~•: tear r:ocr. t radttioo a l

oo-...,1~r. i!l'l':r~~-oc.e

lntf!rnationa~ t&w . f lrst, th..; q;,ic~Ci;Jf1 ~'f thE- <.!~•r.ilitarl~:+.livn

-;par:~. T!i~ t.J<Sudlital·iz&ti~·:l ~ f

cnu-th ma}' bt:

at~

all:I, thOu;!ll t~h'?G i:; ~ f!'l.r 9,:ri'ltlt-1' r,..JS~ll>Ult}1 t~:a.t. thli; nlm ~:-, n1d ht' ~~·bie;.·~Q as lar a~ ~u t~r .. ~pace is ~onr.or nud . J\u1:1r:-tc•J"s 5'~p:; h:r:c l~o n tak~n hi

contact:

ultimah~

tbis ..11r&i·tti>n, n.:•ta!':ll? thC' Nuoh~~r T~st Ban T'r?.at'r; si~neoj :it ~'~'H: f)w

Jt.- 1< IS

in

1~63.

Step.;. ::a.·:p 1:sr1 bc-•..'n

tak~Jt

,\ Su r\lh, l 9b9

Duquesne Placement Service Dean Walter A, nidalko

f

11.

aos o

Ca mp n s

n

student assault on rattler, C<>ll'lon1llg such a po1;11!00 Is a sure sign of senility. Aduallf, a more cortl!cl detlnllloo ol tbe Oj)llll m!Dd wuuld lie: 3 min<\ objer.UVe """'~ to t"' ~aJl'lbl• of dlseardlllJ: or retarmlog an opinion wh•n gi,-en sufffolent reason to <lo so. Th• mln<l must ~e ob.i-.r.tlve sl11ce tho $Ubjective mind Is s•ldoui <>apctbl<' oi det.er mihlng w'!lot r.onstitutes •s.tllcl• nt pt~lll-'lfll""

' The j\ld10 • h.ouW nllt bo roun1 : he. ahu u.Jd l'l•~ e

re~son111 •

•

!0111med to know o vii, n ot rro.:n bir o wo 10ul. hut

lrom l:at& •11d lfXUI ob1on-atian ot th• na lure o f e\'il i.q o&.ben:: K.c.1.u•· led.1~ • ho\dd be hl1 * u idc, o.u l 1)8Cloc.&J •.q>orionoe,'

Pillo, '!'lot. !Wp1111.l.1c , Book W

I s uggest tllat men ot ro.a>.:,Jn find tltetr voie.e~ ailll raise thorn tn J>r<>test agal!ISt tho for ces ,,/ unr~asoo wherewt ti1oy h<! r•Jund and Wfo•f•vor l)(!litkAl nhllosophy they em~n~e. The \~sson of histor y l s Quitr. cl•ar; youbg peopl• have oflen lla<l • ;:r eot anrt usually ~amntng inlluenc~ <>n tloe s<>r.ietie·s atl"'llMI w~ir.h

they rebelled. F•11~1ly this !tlflnonr.e ha.s caus(>.1

r(!'suus that.

we::~

the

C'1~f11.1!;lte

1)f

thosu that wero

ltrst lnlondod, . . .HROUGHOUT lbP. ~ounlt v, Ins titutions or higher !earning are ••perle11d1ng t he • merguee. of a n~wforce, ooo whose niemllersdety2.ll esh>~HshM· authority an<! wis h to bring aroul a n~w world by the

U

use ot co~rc (o n and {!(>strucl1on. Oth~rs C<tllowclosoly behin<I, pr~varod lo [•) almost to IM• utr~me lllld they generally do when o•ur,ht up in tho sntrlt or the. mob. Th@•• staunch left wing d•len<fP.rS of demnoraey have r ecently do.nie<I l6¢turers the opportw11t1 !<> spea k about Sou!h Afrie.a, YIP.biam. and ~!Mr to11ics that do nn.I meet rullywlth tlletr ope11-min<k'd •r1,rova1.

Stu<leut radir~ls ou ca111po•to ""ro..;s the laud h».,, "liberated' and smash~d unlvcrolt)' b utl dinKs. Rec•otly, the "Sludent< !or a ~mocralir. S<>r.lel;" destrcye<1 a studl'nt pla0Pmen1 olfke al Coh1mb13 Unhersttr l\llor an UJ\SucctssM alieinpt fo t>ar m1lltnry re<·ruit~rs ll"'•m t!w! c:..mJlUS. Their rt-as.>n wa.• Glmple: Uiey~oooi<lor!!<1 lbe linloersl1y'• toierall<>o of milil9ry re-:rui~ a •:oltabor3th'I> aol tJf w3r f<>r

which ~ ·n < e1ac11nit teprli;:ii, on l><lluall nl the lia llanal Uti.ra l:\on f'root. Thay ()1'\lmlm thatlurther sueh a cts on the part or t!i<• llnl•erslt-; ·•l)IJkl re.suit In adrtlt!onal rep1·1s:11s.

Th.is kind

or a cHoo hv

chaos. Nol only c.baos Pl'O~es:;es of nlany

stvd~nt

r•<llca!s rosuJl; In

on r.amJl',IS, but in IM monbl

Amt:'r1t-3n socl a\ philo$npher.;, B.,caus" or the r~'-e11t s ludcnt ~r.ttons, men of int•llectua; r~1ucitJ• l rom th• ll~r&! c•mr: rtrid thems.,lvrs In the pi.rauoxlr.Rlly uncontfotlablo J>)Sl!ion ol l>oiog "'i<E-~tM tr, e11dnrso lh3t whi'-h tliey have alwa)'s eondemood: niot· rule ftnd l'inlonoe e.s wo,~(>>ns ol poUti<'&l e~µ1:dlonc)'.

Th~ slloc~

great

to o~oo rvP.r.> comes not trnm t~~ ra~ t

th~t a few 111i.sguitl~1J men Q! int$H~ct~a: rc·~putP sup1m~lng thi$

m(•vemenl, but ralhor tMI .;o

:.u·P.

10.tl)'

m

lh~se huu1<1nfst~ h~vf! not hll/J th(.' cnura,;" to l'.'1Jndi?-111n what oronly ainounts to • h~ln.iuc, 3$6QUll on lndMd11a1 r1~hts. ilC'lw ~·~n thts t~ wJ1en so on.~n ln th~ p~ st th~sF A~Hn.:- 1net1 lti.i. ·•~ 1":lta:m)'t<1n~<l

a1td eollertivP. cl\•il

ol 1'r!lcro'1 lihP.r ty~ Perhaps th• embarra."lng answer can bu touM In ti ;~ C~cl iha t today' s movomenl ~.ad its ~rlxlns In th• Jlli<1rnl m (l ve nl ~ flt, an<! l'l ~nn-1Pn1n thil presont mi:>vnn,-f!ot wou!d ~-a$t <1ispers1fJClS u~o ft,.; r.,11Mat101\IS. lt is m..iro puibabt-.. how~vor, that iMy undnsl:rnd n.tth<r tl>e ~:a mp1t.s ra~lic:.1.!.s n1i r tl'l~ rai:li c!al moc1olniiturt. A ~ondomnatioa ~r t~at wt.Jell Is oot u~rm•>l t~a sl,;n ot a ~tos~1 mind . fol~ consl,,t ereu ~lo.<n'1-nl!"'1<1<! is •om~tlll:l(. tlu.1 oo ollro-li!leral coultJ lo!eralc. the

oause.>

There Is • <li!leNn<:e tiet'll<.-! n con:temnlni; Ilia! whlrh i.s int u!>dtorslo»>G snd '!OllO.mnln;: lb•t •'lll"h ca.uol be un<'.,>tstood b..'\'3usc :>1 lls (I·•~ llk>j'i•.

C0iemnlfli Ill<! laltEr is o:, si~n :>! a. c1.,.eo mh>l;

A prim• •xample o/ this is lhe early fw~ ulietlt

r.eutury }'tn1th movt!ment or GE"rman)· .. 'The nt•l\'~me nt .,.as called the Waad81Vogel and its otlgtn wa ~ prolPs t agaJost the dehumanization ~f the industrial a~n. TM O( fr1P.nlb~fS W3;'i :;jmpJy to dt'Oj) r;ut of ~ me"hanltod wnrlrl and turn back lo the rornantlcally, stniplo,r pasr. '('ho)' mo•I ~es pised the dtt•~ as the opnters of d~h.,man!iafl%. So wltl: 11111~ mer• tl\au l?Qal

thPt!'

g-uita':"s-, they a:l':3nfic.n-ed the «ltlus Cnr thP life Of !be W0<11t ; , WltJiln a f., •• )'!l<l.l'S l~o

sirr.pl~r

n1ovem•mt "<l<.ame some •·ha! P"l'"lar, like the hippie movement of tod:ty; hnt atall 111.,es th~ Gr<>up r~Nal~ quietly rebelJl<>uS of thP •sla~Usllment. Al thi< tfJr.P. th,. mood of t~ ~Ilion~ in!ld.

Wor~l Wa. J <haltered Ibo Wa.ndetvor,el mMeineot, !\Drl In ils pl.aoe ~mo...,..i Ille B DJ1de. ld~ny ot ~ W&lldervogl'\f f'JUtbs wore ln'Vl•ecl In Chi.; muvo11'.. nl,

!Jut Clleir IOO(o ha·:I cllalll!e<l Gra<luaJ\y, t.'>? B u de

mor• mutlartstie, '>illt ne1t

~~

o:npho~iS on Jihrsf.r.a; f ltness1 summer ,4 mps. and ~·ar g-.t:1101i.

Members ~Ollt!nue<l to '~ anti-~emltk, a ~li!j•Jdi<'<l that lla•I rocn pro•ent ill the Wa.adetvogel.mo,·em~ul.

ThP group was t:nHre?y anti- tit-era.I ~n~~ higf\1~·

11a.tlona!l•tie. t:ltirnateh tboSunde ~ontrlb1ite~ v••llY

nornl>Jic, iherP.'tJ)· the H:itll•r- Y1J\1tt: t~Jtv:e~e-l1l in c~~h11J>hin(t

to ti\.:: undermtnjnc of ihe 'R":'hr.ar ~~.~istin~

~~ 21.~ P ·~rty,

t he

l'Orsua.:11~ many elllzens tllat a move to th~ rll'll with ortler is tar ~tter lhllll a mO''e b> \lie l eft II chaos. Certainly, I am not s11ggec.ttng that a Iii oomvariS<>n can be drawn between the Walldervas• 9nd tM Ne"' !.•'i'l, but tlll!tr eY.to.rnal form a oo II< etr&cts eB'-ll ht<l oo soel&ty become. mor e siinCar 35 the N•w Loft l>&eomos mo.r9. Ilk<> tho old B ....

In

At SC'l!Tl~ Lim-:- tn lhe µts(

W1).r .:-ra. U1e

'l'h& stnd•nl movement ol tod~y certainly has ;u differences trorn lhe llUJlde. Aside from tlte Issue .t~a Vlelllam wu, r.learly tM a•~tlvlst~ main dtawllf ~3rd, thQ mo<t tnstrumoolal stinnd11s Js thn probloll c>I <l~P'!l"SonaU £~tion fount! In llfe today, e:;~cfallJ aB It applle$ to tll~ university, Jl.{i'J~ t uruv~rs lt.ie-~ are rap(c11y fl~~ndint to meet tll.. innuir of more students. coroi·tunal• l:r, this exri3.n.«Jion fR nAr.es%ry bee::).use our so-~J~ty \\isbts bn ~r<J•ld~ a qoallty n~~ailor lo as many studi!!!I! ~s It nni;sjtily ~J\n. 'filer~ si mpty are not t1no!J(b QIJalltied ~ d nc ators to prn,ld" ~ quality ~ducat\ · Cor lnrx~ numhers o! siud;nls '>llthuut ha o!ng tilt -.irr~SJ)(Jtldlut n~r.~sstty of qinnttty \n the ->tude• hody .

Arrivill1 nt tht- tJest nnlvo !'$iHiPs, th.o~P. w!10 hs..d l., thQ-(!" ht,tt: ·SC'.hl')c.\l elaS:> in 3:~h1, la~U:-:s or ot r intello~tual aotiviltes sudd€1;lv !Incl tli~ !!lsel;­ ~ urroun,J~~ ~Y

VjlJCd(~tori-ans1

a rg no.-

man:,. och-a.rs ,,.lt.to. ;:;i!nilat· OO·!~romdi stnftf,nt tx•:l)' OlfiC?TS,

cC'mn"!(')np)a~t'

dabat~ •)lpta:i&

aM ,;1VPn oospe":i:tl r~r.lt.ea

by School ofnc lal<. Co11dit10DS Iba! 'lroll!d be~oosi-1<>,..

JfHa~e stod~nt - m oppress!~ ul ltJ>P!lrSllnal !(' <)!!-; 'fl\(, 'kJS '•!It~ 3 OU•Wr. S<H:i studrnts ao.eept tf\11' w~llf•lthen:strtvf Cot r€<ogniti• within esbbl!She<:l ur,('allit.a!lons. others a<lj I<> Ill Me cooollloM an<! drQI'.: o"l <>f S<!llOOI. These ..-e~ U... •llernatl\'O< a»11:1ah10. se.-eral Y"ll" a,ito, rut 1111 times u~ve tlullf(.,;, HP<"m!l/, i ro,.rth a ltorr"'ti v~ w l>ee.ome l)<lpo!ar, in lRr.t, a great number of sto<lenll """ 11M•!<l•r tills the. m•l~t attrnr.til•>. •!to.rnatJve: !tla Is U1v j)<lsitlon of .•fodent toa'1or from "ithm1i s.; t31Jllshm~nt. 'the !·ea.{1J6 that t~1is ~h~Io:e \ias gro'("' In PO!:o!larlty sc quickly se~ms lo b< t.,..e>fola: l) lyp.1 ~r st\lri•nt wh<- woo!d MVb dropJ,>ec <•u~ of se botorr. nn loo~r dnst r P.~ to d•) .~ ., b?.r.au5e ·3'' th€~ "'

nonna! to lha

*''"

Gl?.rrnan youth

move1!l•nt 1osr <tg!it or its ()rtuinaJ gC'la.I of cr~atiu.i: 2

l'!::i; rtsti-i<'ti\'E- s~~iety aod

a:.::sist.:-rl in r. t'P.:lttrw. l mnl'~ 1·P$itTh~H\'E! ~-..·tu~ll\'

one, ·r1ierl' ~'"~ sin!il~rttte~ !:lf the8Ullde ~n~ thos6 t•mplor<~ hoC"c~er~ t11t1 l;:1.(;ti"~

:>~·

the Nrw

p~rti<'Ul~rl)o·

J .?.tt

the

toda~',

r::ic:t~!'~

o::f

0<: !1~')11!' tJ1~ rJp~sition tho::!

r iglit to c.• :,riri:i.~s its o:.•in i'>CI usil11( ·:!rar.·1atlz.::iti1:·1~ ln

:lD~

th!' po H• '/ of l'!'Jl1t.ront::i.tlor..

1

lvf ~:1y

that

;.rh.:.1ars art! t~.a. rtul

l!l~:

N~! 1i\'

LP.rt,

in

pr;v: tiC"..in.; d~ sr ~1pth:\, f.a.; u~s. h{t$ 'starteri !r. renti-r,n cou~t ~r ffi!.>\--Ptr;€fli tr:at 11-·i)i W~J:.f:!l tt!t' l'r..r;stJtu.

a

t~1r.d !"'~!cgnardi;

fhal now

r,r~~~~~~~~~!:~~~; Jl:~ffi~M~i~f~~f:tStl~ftu~{f.ftr.t.Wti'~~i.iW11f:{*~~~~~~~fJt~~~~iri~~ff~fu~:~~~ftt~~;~

l.t'fl has ?i<~n i.l).;t!':.:tr.~L-ta.J

JURIS

Poge

academic

A.s a result, th<>re ls ~n over•bundanr.• ofleade rshlp llfone JJtr<ons Uving ill an ahno~phere ...b1<h IS , by ..,..sslt}, tnselts1ttve t.o thn\r prohlem , Althnl.lf,h th~ (on<htlon '' mtolerabl•, there M lol'l!(&r f.s av•lla~l9 tb alt-.roa!IV<! of tea>ing sct10(ll. TM studi!nt too l.• !:a~~-1. Thro~h no fault or Its (IV/11, the 11nlversJtv II consid~rod a prf.~on, a ramD to wblcl1 lb~ ~IU<leut ~ lx>und. ·rr:e situation st thi• oolot Js highly vnl~tl le. . o Uin stul!•nt, there soains llltle <hOlce h•tt fo prote.•t Ille. 111tol<>rabl-. sUuatiun. In pro!~•! the<'<! 1$ ouro tpw the r:~ance t.o te&J, ~ chauc• to ~ b~ar~ b~ tmlversitr officials. or cuurs• , OM cannot prvte.it • llhout purposo. To justify Ms taking- a.ti ar.ttv~ part

11 <M111onslrattvn an<! ·1estruol1.o:i, Me 1nW<I bav~ a lltlbmat;, ratlooali2•rir,n.

Tit• pa.ttorn now t"'como~ 01,:ir. Plrst there I• tho ,,, l;.·gilirnat.<> vrotest: Vtotnam, civil rlKht>; .and

"':Liked tne race of lh• earth. Having be•n assured or Ibis, it ls no 111on<ler thal members or tbts feneratlon b<>lleve that ..-~at tlley de~m to be wrong muse automatically be wrong. The opinion or experlonr.e of the olde.r genetatfon ooes oot matll!r, for they a~ not quite t.nt.elllgent eoougb to see the truth, Besides, the. older geoecal!Gn ls bourJd by traditlon.s Illa! th~ young have SG l(allantly djsearded without the use or !~at most d8lll(etous ot all procos.ses; thought. !ropatlence r.ouple<I '>'Ith ttds untallering oooeepl or sett-rlghteousn..ss have mad• bJe•e yout"" rob<\ls formidablP. foe.> of the e<tabUshmont.

The prot••I movomo,nt ls now runningG11toCtontrol; allGWed to continue in its pr,;seot unol"mocrau~ Coto•, !I eould deal ,\ rnerlea a blow from wbioh .she

mi~hl ni?.1.'fJ' rt-cov~r. F'reel'j~m L)f spel~ch Is a vaJid 1~ absurd lo su~est that son1~ of tt10 mor~ r.r.•ot m.,thons o! sell-•xprts.•ion used by the

lssuo, out it l~rt

r.rote~ted

IJE'~ornt! re~ognjz&1j 3.$ lei:i.1er~

cir the vr(.)test

0tc.vr11nont. A.3 fn :i.ny e<>mi;ietal! v~ •!tuatton, tile W t •s•!Ul are !.'Jose ·• t.> out<to tbelr eompotltw•. In 115 e·..,lvemenl, since Jt has alre•~Y t.ei1n de~ldeJ U\al Jl';iet~ ant.! ?ts d<.-bumanJ?.tug t$fahll.~hm-:ints ~re Utt' t llP.f!ly, tile S<J<:cessl\il carnpeti1£'rs .. m be tbos~ woo &I !roe >nost harn1 ID loo e<tabllshmcnl, Whfo attack ot Ul<! main e.>blblis~n1enl i• t-n~nlen~ tbf n<!<lrost et theestablishment•s agents ...111serve.1'be unl•tr.~lty II cerl:sinly the roost >'.'<lnvt'nlent, 4Sp.'Cl~lly sine.! r <>St studl>nl~ ha·1e at oor. lime or aooth~r felt the)' '-~ tiad !~:imE: sort of legiti1nat~ grl•vancc ar,alw.t unlver.lly. N~··· lhal <IOOS-nts IN!I pre:i..ure<l ln!c

l"frrcaintng t>n i'ampus, tho!'~1 : ri'1Yat>C4$ sec.~m to onio? mazni!J~. Unfj(·r ~t1i.!ii· stlf or 1:irr."Jm'.ita.u..ces

"""'l~ot crctr.s~ against the .s ourct" Cit th'lst- c:rte\-aoceiS r.::s }e.:!1tit:1aln.

:·urtht?t, this g•?flflrau')t1 l.s t!H: ·now• generation.

Patt~u~·c· ha~ 1*~un1i> a:1 r.rr..ha.Jc ·.._1crd t(I a t!Ellteratio(l

·

It

nnw

sttw.Uon wcaus~ m.ny of them wish

SecC>nd Year 0Ry

In ' 'llicb W>told millloos bave newer hacl bi -nit fur

olh•rs. 8ut Oor.o again tt.~ Stlld~nts find themselves ti:> ~ con.sirlered the lead''~s ol. th~ l>tolest. Tho.<e • hosE> tnc~~n~ of ?t()test }>tO\'e ti) 'M thPJttOSt ttCfcctlv~

HAROLD CRAMER

anytlllng. This g~ratlon 1la.s been lll'.<isl.'d a.< b<>tng th• ITK'•t lntelllgent and l:les! edu<'~ted to have nYer

a.~e

'iU

By

freedom

eonsequeoces, 3lld 2i th!> ~lze of ll>e untvers ltkls en rombiDe<I with the lorgii nurobe.r or .•tU<Mnts '11111 l&a<1ersb41 traits """' at< oo, · co1n1nR to the alverslltes create mueh lrtclion, lrlr.tlon that r~ently senms to hav. r•ar.l!M a lew.l()ft:ntole ra11<:t.

Jn~ comp~tative

Scv~n

as

s~('rh ~lth.sUtutes

by

the

Were ev~r con~i!!ctrf!d r.nn.•lit11t!on. These ' SJJtt>ch

substitutes• are of the same variety as those <l:>~ti t.y Hitler'fi youth gall!(s to m•lr~ c?.rtaln !bat nu oue else i:oul<! speak. Tb;. a.;t nf rof'using to let the op[>..1oitlo11 be hoar~ :tnoounr.es tbe destruction o! one nt l~e l:e,;k prlncip!os upoo whl•)h ~ur society i.s l>as<}d. Our SC'Ciely does not d<:mand that ooo liste11 to his OPJX»itlon. One may r"main In compte~ ~noro.oce as to th<! in~itioo o/ his opP>~illon, !lilt doe;: reqwro tlult tile GJll)JSLtf<>11 ll"- gJ"'n the O[.{> •t!wrlt)· fo SPl>Rk ,.ilbout lnt.erniptlon lrom (t<

our .o;oefety

countorparts. Pbyslc::illy barrifl:1 a spe U • r from e:unpus ~r not alktlfiug lllre to ll"- ~d Is deprf\'i!l!l him •>f lrO'~ "!'-~h aM breakil:g the SJ>ldl ol ' ""

tlrst a:n~ndJneot. It a1Y.l seem< Iba! the only time one mlgtlt wtslt Ill prevent Ille <JWJs! tlon fr om belnt heard is wl¥!11 one i.5 feartltl l)f the J)t'rsua.sioo or truth ol t~ OIJ!'Mlt\n'l's c.onmnt!cns.

It is furU::t"r

~"g-ge.st~d that U1e rigt:t of fte•~

in'!lut!.:;s the chan('o, for those wtv, Q<taliC~· 1 to frL""c·iy pursiJe J.ll ~du<:aUon th.at ''fil1 1naku Ulem mor~ capabl• of r.r.op.;t·ly usinr tt.o r(t:ht "' free

:>l-'14~l'l:"ti

spe~cti. This does not mi?an tliat a wd~:ersUv must

t~ach !hos~ subl•cls a scud.,ol r-.r.~ would u~ tr.as!

IJelpful t~ bim. Wl;al lldm.< l'?l~a~1

ls

th~t

when a student

<'ontract.s with a unl ~rslti,

tCl r!!r.9i\·~ i\ll edu<.:a.Urin. h~ ~:Ju:n1id hCt' a!J!e tf.; pur.sue that t<l110:-3ti.nt1 [rf')n1 ~n:onv.

the

·~·ltsr::>t·s

oftcre·:1 and j.;, !>IJ •1.,·ith~lut intC!rtP.rr.nt::9. from th;)SC: wt;cJ <lo uot wi..;h t~ !olJo·.v ttio ~urri·::t.1lu1n. .-\ ::ornrnu11 complahu c.'f th• stll<l~n1 ra<ll".al io tl\at the tu1iv&r3i~·

:s:

out or

too'!ll wi.i~ th• mo<tet n world; tt;o >uhjer.l~ that Lhe ~tud~nt.s 3tt- rcqt1ire-J lo !'el~Ys.nce

t.ak': l:a'.'P. n1:i r.res~nl

~ay

to

prchlnrns.

Besirles the t1Uvious d::tl\4P.r 'lC aHo1ir1~ the und<\ucaWi in insl(tl('tj vely .i.tn1m ii><> ..·hie!. ooorH•s "ill be the m<>St ll"-ool'ieW iG tbctr.SUlo;es, ii Is luipor tant that

Jl:k lS

\t ~tth,

1969

!he~ st~nts reallze exactl y wbat expe~llld to <lo. A coll~ educ-atlon

!he uolverslt1 is oJl!y one lo: or fl<llr.attoo anrl It cannot imstbly be e~ted tak~

tho lull

res1><>RS!blltt~

In Dll the suclaJ processes.

nt edncdi1'« Its stud<!1

Tllll university must be Ptimaclly concerMd WI onty one form or ooucation. and lhls Is particular true In th is age of raptdly eXJlQ.lldlng kno•le<lge. Tl unlvers lly's purpose ls to store al\d ~n knowted(e tn an <>rdllrly fashion. Adhere~e ilJ th purpnsn ritvea humanity Its one elwl~ to solve ll protil•ms or hwigcr •oo poverty along with all ti otllers Ill• New Lett !.allc• 3bool. Yet, the radlc. shtd~ot seems d•lermfne<l to dP.stroy lhls bape. II : vlb Hy fmJ)Qrlant lhal tile slorag& and tnnsmlssl• or kno...1oor.e w carrl•d out succsssMly, tor If II j oot, a ~1>clety s uch .., ours has but one fat, t9~hJloloKical dcr.llne tollowod by a culllu'al decllD< Skill• an<1 artl; WUI become lost, alld If these skit are "~sonttal to the survival of our society a.oolll< Oark ~· looms on the llorlmn. .I llho~h t!tere ls cause for alarm, tile sttuatlo

is nnt one tttat a1r•af<los lb?. llllllledlate destruetlo er 11ur onli.re culture. Bl1f 1t Is lmp;il'tant that w

cn3Jl?e lnrua<I.• are being made; Inroads that h&v no ptJrA to a >1'r.foty of reason; Inroads 11181 gro• Sll'on~ct e•err lime an admlnlstntlon make coocesslou• -.ben ronfrortted with Ulegal tl0erclo116 ratoor than makl!>: chan(es IOUNJ to be ressonall~ !n an 3to11lSl)h.ore lotaUy re1no>'ed trom vlolenc<>r the t11r~1 thereof. Yr'beo rwttcal sl!ldenls ,;.,.

•loll!<lOe wori: Sll«'.!ssl\llly agaJnst a ll<l!verslty, lite: e a1u10t t..; blan1ed lffilirely for using what has prove.

1,1 b9 a su.;.eessllll weapon .~ are uslAg a leSOOI or bl.story. 'l'lta :o<'!Sl>n lu

3r~ bum..n

w le.vned t rotn Hils is tba l s~I!

b:lvln~ all file tu.Jlllles 6\9! th; term Implies . College sh1df!nts are settll\Jngty mort suscoptlhl ~ t~a11 mosl to tho Idea tl\at they can remed• aa or tho wroncs o/ mankind bec&use tllGi hav~ be•11 tol<! orten e11ougb that lhay ar~ Sll)ltlrlot to t~• rest of m~okind. It ""'ul<! do them well It l~:iro t~e d!fferen<• h<!twP.en potential and aet!Grt. lnt.lf!s!;onr.o l~ !tl~r.ly pnto.ntial; education ls l:hf loro.e that makes raw intelligence a useM !Doi. lnt<>llftence Joo~ not lusurs r•a.son unless It Is ~.vne•i ny 3n education: yet, ar. educatloa ts the one ttil1111 that l <><tay's stu<l;;ut rell"-1 seems to desire leMt.

betne,s,

Uol\"•r ~ftiss mus! "50 the one tool avalltbl& to me111beu or !Im oMl!zed society; t!lal I~ the .lat11, $tu~ont~ viola!& miUly laws In their demmistratlaas a11d br~3k rurtlt~r laws tu order In <.oerce the unlv~rslly Into nnt usin~ tho Jaw. This 112erely cr~ale!

1r.ore ravr,rAbJe condition• tor further Illegal a~U­ on th~ part or th• New Lett. Furtbet tat!onallDlloo ls ~l••n to th• l:i.ct t~~t only property ts destre>red, a ue ll•• law shr,uM no l<>£U?~r protect properti· Jntel"ffls. l'),1ztructlon 01 prol)('rly, a.. • means or. exprtalaa, i~ TIO mor& prote<tl!d und~r fhe Coosl!tuHon tban Is murder. l\von II ~estruel!!)I) ot properfi· could be a«"r.Lcd on ~om& terms, !lt(ose new moralists are overloe>klng tho ract that unh-ersltr proptrtJ Is llS0d tor tbe pubUc go<".d. ~'.dncators must real!lrm their b..11.i tn an orderly society b.,;ed on our &,?Stem o1 Justice. They must <IO so by llSn ot !be la<V, It Is amusln!: that It ls those shxle<lts ot violence wba clalm !bat Ille use of !be law is anti-social. To~"' I reply, that a society ...ttllo<lt la"I ls t contradlcl!oD tn terms,

Sy111posiu111 - The New Concept in Torts j> ROFESSOR ROBERT KE.ETON of Harvar~ Vni\·crsity, r.-0-aufhor 1Jf the r.ontrovP.rsial K~•ton-O'Connell non-fault aul(omoblle Jnsuranr.~ phui, will t.. th• principal S)><>a.~•r and ~•st at th~ l ~69 Duqutsnt:1 La·.v Sy1n1»~it1n>. The Symposium t.s planned for Aprll 1~. 1~£~.

Proro<sor Keown a<:copt«l an 1nll1lation to partlclpat.1 in the one-day workshop •tudy of his a!ld

other .. h~!;\<:

auto lnsur::t.nC"<~ p!~n.<>. The~r 1·emovP. fl'r}ul the field of courtroom

liti~aCjC'ln

R11torr1ol.JilP;-<.'Olli,5ion injuries In which tht invoke<l nu<lain cto.mag•• 1m~e.r stipulated

C€1i.ling amounts, Ela~lcally,

tM plans offn a system oi ~ou11rul.:;ory

insurancP.. bf which alt partie.5 to atl accld,~nt, WhC'I havo •a1fl•re~ p;!l'Son•l or prop;!>'ty lojur)', will l>Eo c<>"rr.p:nsato<I l"P.~ardless o! where tht! fault fn cau..••i~ tlle !lcc!<lent lif:~~

pla.n, one of sevcr:,.J si milRr " " eo-:rntbored t>i- Professor Jeffrey .O'Cotml!lt of thP. Uoh>?rsily ot llHrois La., School.

Tbb pl~• .,as lir~I e11U11elat•n, by the l1'0 la., ""l'w.>ol professors, in th e bool: Basic Prolect1011 For 'ftH~ K c·~to.n-0, Connell

pr<>po•~ls,

'l'be Tratttc Victim: A. BIGeprl11I For Re!onni.ag A.alomc)blle luunaee.

This program and .•im\lar {iro;.ams M'~ - i with pTtt:ticallr "'' suew,s.,; before st.le logistati,.., OOdies.

·r euta!h•e

pla!lS o r Ille

Symposjum Prn.:;rramCom -

mictr.-r.· <:an [or 1!>:lfternc~oo ~e.~S:i(•n

o.r the J)t0f1r~m . J)lnner, precee~d l>y I< •cM1uled frl'm S:OO p.11l, until 3:00 p,111. and to In bl' lollo.,~d 'l)' Proressor };onion's ~ohate, r~ maln~e r

~<l~kt~ll;;,

11l~d~r2t~d l'>y t~~ Hul'.l<lrable oilv•sb:I Stlvesll'I. Judr,• "' thP C(o~rt or C<>1nmo11 Pl,,as ,,r Alle~heor Count-;. ·rho Jin~! ~I tM ~ay ·•111 tie th-. tra<llllonal Sympo~ lnm rtoorllon.

•••nt

rr.,te~tion•

plan~ $;ec:·J;, •~· p~rtio'

Aftot ~1.. work• hOfl'l !lie Symposium ~·w •ltil'I M~llon Hall to fhP- Sru<Je11t Union tor tl\e

fl'om

1.•y

ronr..w~d

3

<ttr.oP.r an:t a rtr,-bafE=i bC>twt-c.•n Prur~ssor Ki:;t.<(Qn a11<! ~1r. S~yn1ouf A. Sikvv, a r.'lcn1hPr l"l'f the P~ttstiur:zll 'tr iu: H:lr, T!1<' V:ttshurgh T'rial 1!31·, li~e trial bars

Tbls )'<•ar'$ Sympusfon1 will hP the first tu t;e by t~r. 1·~0.ently or~aniz<,~ '~1npnsiurn C•J01mttlr.P. 1·1t~ C:om:n ltto6, ostablls!Jed a• :1 pro~u~~d

IX'tm~Mnt h<l~y d~signod 11) il.sur~ the ·~ont!nuaUon l\f the Sym1..,<l\lm M all a.unual cv.mt, pro~ently h11S !lfXt~c-n

Ol~n,bc.-rs.

lJOl.1-0V&t"S

fr6C!l

(h-.upnoy,

t'r•l")k

( ; buJc.,

Anita

l'nhcu,

Tho C')n1mittl' tl w:u: !:··::c.r.t~rt !:y f?lP. head-:; c ! t~ La"'· S..·bonJ ?":"tudnc1t <JtK'O.nilitions ~ho 1!00flt~(atC'\1 tn tt& prudu<:tlon nl the tlr $t SymJ>O$lums in l '.167 a!KI 1J6ll, ·rhi: suc~P~ 9lot\J<')°trd r.y Ute Sfmf.()1'iuru ir. ea~!l o!

tlYJS'l

,,...,.i

y~Hs

lnrticnle\I rtie <n P<llJMl<n an body r ••1"'..nslble f~r lh• l'lttur~ ,,..~·· In ~ns·,.~r I» lh•t need fho l>)lnposlutr. C(Kl)mitlfi> • '" ur;,,itnt"" J >11() recpJ,~ its illlil'P"'Jll<nl ~ta~ in tile lmpe1id~nt

AUtumu d I ~'6A .

"· :::·

Professor R.ooort E. Keoton a.n<I Mr. Seymour A. Sikov wl 11 b" the pri11cipal in tne Syonposiuir: Oel>ate. The deb~tc wllt center on 11\a ;:: concert of 'liability V•ilhout fault ' .u proposM ~Y various le9al authorities ··· :::: ·: in the fielO ot Tort lav".

? participants

t't:>l• ••or n! La"' ot 1111tv1:rJ. l.ow S<.·h·~~~. ~.· ~'. ~'"'"' lV11~• hi• L.L."tS., in 1y<1;. "! •fo.• \1 nl.,.~r,.,,.._i 1·(• S.J.D. f"Or.1 H"r~·<11rtl in ;:,.;'.

111ttr v' .,.,.,., "

p::in.~

Af"tlY t l)• Prl' Vll<.•ot•I 111~ In H~U•t'Dl"••

,., ~ ~.

With h1)Stllity.

.h\1f

""J

IJ:'lll (In tt:P Cn;1.:C'r!;\t'-: C:s:nptL•;, .,..·HJ ~oll!ilsl o'r

n.

"sh.irt ..

'.li('tkc:.~:•)I•<;.

l r.o'-¥i~

\ntr•)<lui:-t.17y

}'\1~­

!'P-

Proft:si)·:'r Kel~lCln tl1€r!! wi~l bi?diS·~llSSirJn~ 'Jt tl'lr.. "t.a :; j •.· ~rotc-C"ti<>n» J!l'.ltl.S as u~i'~' app.':1r (rr..m tb~ ~"~ tS(>t"':ti'v~ l.)f t!1.:: tl":'

te~1";at>r

an<!

th•

in -

~111~ncc ~x«-uti\"i!. ll11ri~

tltl~' St!SSiC:OS

fte

1lll0!'

"Jl i i ~ bE·(•Ji?.O..~ !~r{'.JUP.!tticn.;:

3r"' :'!1'Hn1M!lt.o; frtlm m~rr. ­

bcr.-. of the auo!it:lN:E.

JURIS

{'"'"'"'·

::::

fN:>IOt J :1 ¢!;,,1.~ ln1t J,a,,;

·.·:.::

... ~'1""''ttn:t

M • \h ~ Jt

'-"'11;$1) ~: r.-.:.•~

t"''

I•;, I..•\), •11 ·1·nna..

1111 .. .,.1t1~ "a""'w.:-c.:~<I ''"' <:: 1,:;.111\N>11._r..\1•! tl• "'\'" Pl"o~ ..,:·.i~n ro~ U•'" •••• i ·n·U! •• V~·:tl:\\ - A Uit:o:-f)rln l Cvr t<:..:!·>"'l1•l" K ·.•.

A1.1~.:>mobtl• ln1Ut"11n(:o,

The aft~rr.onn ~~:isions,

m:-1.rk.s

~" ''' ''""" * '

'f ·~n tl <"4

whl'.h •·ill t...; helo:I ir. M~ llon ont• ... ~1nur

~te{1h(:1'1

::::·.·:•:.:·:·:·: :•·;.·:·:···:·:-:·:·:·:·..: ·:-:···: ~~:::.:·:·:·: ·:·:·:.:· :···:·:·!·:::·::::: :::':!·:::::.::.::!:::::::~::.,:-:"::~:·::;:::::::::::::-:;:;:::.:;::::: :;:;:::.::::.;:;:;:;:;~:;:;:;:·;.;

ar.-

t1Jr1Jr

year's

Ferilu, Ml ch•cl KudcnQcy, t ,orruinc: :\1n\lcn, Ouni t:~ PtH'-';rini, MauJ, csw Vt111 Sta11Jach, Slunley ~tein.

Tb1mw. ~ Siv·• k, ij11. tl').' ·r unioa.-f)lt, and "l"bcoda e: W!illi9.

arn~>nct th~ "n.ur.try~ ha•• 1:r!1a.. he:•c1 s u<'l: insur<1.!l-:~E­

s lel:'.J\·~ ·

last

11·~ Lee Mescolotro 3n·1 J!m Cwttn: ~t\•/!)' 6t:lcr. t~c1 llH~Olber,:; a.re: lrv k-.ailr>, Kichnrd

org:•.olt•llon

:::

:;:

::= ::: . .. . ...... .

l • o r;;e!\'lttitr

,., , . .... c.t ... :1on,

,._C)'lJ)'lUt A . Sl\tv" ,,~ t~• 1.1·cc ' 1..ny C"ou1~tt• )ll~ ,

tht' \le'1IC'•l-l1CJ.• ) C"o)r.•"'·Hl • I' 1>f <:.b P Al:• e~n)' t:<-'.tn')' kllr ~ ;11• .. rl• tl .1·, ,.,,,1 A~nC'•n l'r; o 1 l , AW)" '1' ' • /\ 1Mclotton. ti~ ~ ... 1"P.'Y'l~ •;.ll' '-• rv• d: O• chc. l ~ •ft o( I f\.-

· .·.·.:;..•..:.:·:·:- 'bP

~ A 1J • ?~t .. oen·, U•nc.h-Dot f.; ~<g! t1C'o. \Ir. S'i!it.:> Y •.T'od~~uci tr~ '"- Uni ,.•r•ltJ ~f Pul t.• lJ~lt.h ·~:hool .,, Lo"" in Jr.t:-<i :anJ I• r.r•1.n1ty o ~-.rtn.-T 1.:'.. ~hit P hr •i>'• cb l:a""' fln'll of \l' l.t•: ui• n, ,.;t .. '-'v .. ,.., !,.f' Ylt•

r

Page N ine

D uquesne

and

I

t a

F uture

THE PROCBSS ot selt·examl.Jlatlon has become a vital melllod by • h!ch mt>n may evaluate htmsell and hi~ !nst!lutlons. If fnv ol·ve s the cons l~ratlon of thosa elements that ar• o ece.~ sary and valid and also o! those that are outmoded and trre let>ant.

The process ts, perhaps, more \"al uable ln regard to !nstltutfons :>Ince they are moro r.adlly susceptible to honest scrutiny, although 11\ey are 'J()!ICede~ly more dilllcul! to change. This ..,..iler be lteves tllat tile U me has come !or Duquesne Law $1.'bool to underl!O such exunlna.tlon. It !here Is to be progr.,~s In the quality of the edlJCallonal experience a\-atlaJ>le at this Law School, w~ mu<t ool ll(>~ltate to ana l)"ZO. our prtsent sllualion, recognizing both its stnmgths and Its lnMequacies. A\though numerous area> could be exacnlllP.d, only two wlll be dealt with In this article, 111ey are uie physical racfliUos an<\ the ~urrlcu lum.

By 'OBERT GOEHRING

Setond Year Day

ACUTE CASE OF LETHARGY

! '\'

has;

nol

been

uncommon rnr tlrst

year

stud9nts

to

ma!<• the tollowtng

observation: in an tra nf onparal\9le<I s tudent restlessness IJJd educallonaI revtston It Is parallott.11

that DuQuesoe Ln · School - s tudents faculty, :ul'i adm!n!F.tral!on - has ao ar.ul~ -,a,<~ ol letharKY· Tbis chronic malady h>' ~en attempted to be u.xpi..tnod, o lthoogh not justitled, by tile fad that the l~y Sebool ls onJyten ~ars old. Th~ argument ts that tho l)nl•er~ity

adrninlsl'tst!on adoptM a w•it-ano-see policy With the Law 3~bool - lbat is It wsn~d to ~• c It It ln<t~ed "'lu!d become a growing an<I pros1'4!rtng tn embcr orthe Unlv-.rstt; community . ~<H1alnl y, oobOOy oould tau\! 111• Ulllverslty oo lalc1.n~ such :ui l J)pre>aoh - im to a oolnt. Tbllt point •us r~a~!ied Ulr~" years SI."'<>· AI !Mttlmo tM s ito l)f th~ L3w School sh<lttld have lndkatod ttU>t the S<hool wa.s, l.n fa• I, a lunctlonlng bo<}y 'rithin lbe t'nlverslty and worthy ol tll• attention and J)laonlog of loo Univ&rsity a~mlnlslr2~on.

UNIVERSI TY

THE s toort-slghtedSHORT nes:s or the UnlSfGHTEDNESS : verslty tn falling to PRESENT rea IJze the rate at SHORTCOMINGS wblcb the Law S<:hool wu to gtow has resulted In presently o.er-cro, 001 larJllties atid courses. 'l'he curNnl dtalt la• s shouJd temporarily rel!a~ some of lhls congestion. but with a reduction ol U.S. Involvement fn Vietnam, draft Jaw revision, and tile return ot velerans, the problem will return, ll It, In tact, subsilles at an . N« only are ttie classrooms crowded out tll• ~cully is also tunctlonl11g from er amped office space, Currently, student oriianltations are operaUog lrom Inadequate racllltles fDr tl1elt' slr.e, some - The SymlJOOlum Committee - 112ve oo space at all.

Vital ad m l nistra't tve runettottS Placement and Alumni Relations rem».ln Umlted or nooexlstenl because lhere ls oo place to properly house Hlem. !I is dlll1co\t to ask !or a<1dltlonal personnel to man such ol!lces when tlle y could only l>e placed In the Student I,ounge or In a ninth noor biology Jab tufned cloanlng clcts•t. our Jlbrary has been disjointed tor such a long pet'lod ot time that Ille students take for grlWled tllat all 1ur libraries are similarly dQsigned.

SEPARATED BY ONE IJ<lcomes lnee11.Sed when he noTEMPORARY tices lhst th'1 M usi~ PARTITIONS School, Avetl lbougb it lias t ew erstu~ents, has its own se~rate butldlng.

Also, though eighty P"C<Ont ol an l3W school' have tllelr ow~ separab? ntd llties, L)uquesne still Ms oo plans tor sucll a buildiog. The new Bus!Dess Admirustratton rooms on t~ first Ooor of Rock..,.~ll H~ll have carpettng, but the nJntb noor of th• Law School ls •till separated by temporary r,ertllfons, What can he dooo to correct the situation> At the present time t~e l'l:uining Comm!ttee or the 1.aw Schoo\

h3.s asked the University for tile sU!h floor of R.ccl:well Hall !or lbe aett year.

The University has yet to respoad to this request. It is str'logly urged that tile adm lntsb'atton ot the Univers ity grant 1111.s r!!Quest. It the 1,aw School ts to remain I\ respedl!d segmeot o/ tile e<>01D1Wlltr and tbe University, It must lla'r(' tills additional srece and Ille money to continue tis growth.

COURSES: ALTHOUGH Inter· OVER CROWDED related wlth tbe J)liyUNDER S TAFFeo sl~al Jlt'~lems or tbe Lo.w School, lbe

currlcu1111Jl I< lllld<1r 6lrect control ot the Law Scllool - the A~mlntstratll>n and th• faculty - Wi!, therefore, 11111 problems wllh It should be e11.S!or to Nsol.e. Bas1cally, tti.re are

two

problems

coneerni"E

the

cur riculum. Fl.ts!, though there IS an adeqlQI~ list or courses avallal:rle tor selec.Uoo !n tile catalog, there a.re In ta~t' fewer actually being ottered. T1l1s re su !L~ In eoormous class enrollment, thus, <l<!creas~ !be ettl!ctiveness ot tbe collt'se. students entering under the 1966-67 catalog expe<;l@d to noo, In addition lo lbe courses actually ootng oUere<l, the following courses: Domestlc Relations, Gorernmenl Coot r a. ct s, Jnlernatlon!!I Law Sem lmr, Labor Relati ons, Le.gal Acc ounl! ng, Leglslal!oo, and \!n!alt Competition. Tb& Curriculum Committee bas approved several addtl!onal eo11r$es and revl•e<t others, but as:cardl11« to the Oft1c~ o( 1he oeaa, the only addition It.al IS <let1Jllta lbr 119l<l l"'&r Is a course In Family La• and a •t:rong possibility t!laf U>lal Ar.countlftl( will be o(tered. In order to eliminate t~e O'fer<rowdlne: In electives, the faoully has voled to Ilm lt the slr.e o( electl•• courses to a mt ntmum a! five aad a maximum ot!Uty. A ran<tom solectlon system 'll'!U be lmplemeoted to decl<le who !ake6 w1lal course. The problem could he more ef!acllvely handled by offering a larg<>r s electloo of ~urse6 ~nd lll'Ofessors; tbe student woold lhf.n rebm tbe opport1mlty of eMke.

CURRICULUM: T!!E s"cond rr~~ ­ lcm with tllE' cur· SIMFLY SOME rl'.Ulum lies In the HOLLOW contelll ot some or PROGRAMS Ille oourses or pr<>gram<, ~peeincallj' the legal re•eucb courso an<\ the moot court program.

Until this ~a.r the legal resP.areh course :imo11nle<I to a farcical exer<Jse lo trustral1® fQt t<Jth tne professor s 3M ~ students. The course has lle<!o

ree.ently r~\>:lmped r.r<1.ting a better (lppori:\m!ty to a~quire some •itperlence ..,Ith the rosearc~ toolsoftlle profMslon.

More °"~• ls t.JbP.done. The courseshcmld be ex!W)de<J ll'lth more credit given tor ii. There also should be a lull-lime iostrur.tor able to ~P.\'O~ sulfic!eot tlb'le to proouoe a more 1n&anlngtul course.

-<:onUftU-ed

.. .. • .. . s £ - . .... .

J UlHS

OS

'PGOe. 12

PHI ALPHA DELTA OFFICERS FOR 1969

From ! ..eft to Right:

B&tl T LF.Y SJMEIUL ClArk:

iJt'GP. Gll At·Y

·''

~·:r.:.: ..J u ~ t:c:.:

for-

r •

/!

J

i!

u ::

I

I

./ an associate

§

~

~

../a

ir

P. 0. NALY COMPANY

.; a s ummer clerk

~ ~ ~ ~~

I

.

I

~

§~

\E"· ;r.i:i~):

part time clerk

./' a research assistant

j

;

I ,1

contact: Duquesne Placement Service

!.""' &

Doa n Walter A. Rafa lko

F'inan~.e l:luild.ing

425 F ollrth A"enu~

f'i tt.~t>urirh .

P.., 15219

lI

;i l'Niaeo : l61·o.!66

ZU·™I

1: •

_J .

JCRJS

P ;;.g& F. l ev~ u

On dto othrc h.md pedu1» lb • ' "chert ba.vc •cvora' voa Hd ar-cumc:nts. Pita.I lbc Board, in beiae appolnt.cJ ioJ 1oa.d or e Jcc.tod, hu 1101 been u-ul1 11.nawcroblo lo r.be p-eople. Sec:w d )y ,vario u• mt."mbe-rr vl 1hc Ovard are OOf1-.CCet1idcnt.11 ur lhe Cit)' of Pit1$ burwh &1ld un(smjJiar • ·1Lh the Cj ty' s cJu~ u 00011 probloms. AnJ 1hit41)' , tho IW en1y ..1wo yollf uld S tate law& r~111.f'Jin1 µubli~ ouel(l)'C$Ce nccJ •t:ime 1evieiOI\.

ON

Whc.aver or what•~er ts to blame ls relatively The fad rema!ns it.:i.t l)ecause the thev have been rreste~ untalrlv by the

~nilllll•.>rtld.llt. ie:lehers re~l

STRIKE

!loard, L""y ~.a~ T~pP.3.lnrlly tl.;•;id.e>:t i<- t•telk the law olther b~ •!<>mp{~le!~ ~1M.•rln~ It ~r !i11gTantly

•lnliling ll. 1..a.,·s are made for Ille ueoMlt ~r all tile !)<'<>pie. Thal: in a der~ratle societi· we attampt to ~h•tnie tM laws w... ·~·. •:otlll.~isa ra.:t tbat not...acller of CMc.s c•r l'r<>blems <)f D•moe.rar.y "'"uld t!lspute.

Whon la·~s become h1opo1·a.tive, the dis integration of the comtnun.lty soon follow8. Anarchy results wne11 laws are hrnorett.

-.nt~T a 1:4Uiettc state vf atfaJrs W<iilld re.suit II D r~rscn werE In ~e<:l M an ol)6rat!on an<! the

Pal.b.et!O Slaie Of

Alfa.Ira

j)\Jfsi<:lan.' woro oo stri ke or ff a pei:son won! unjustly cotwlded lieCO.""d Ut~ >llotllE'j"S ..-ere Oil StrlJr.e. TI\(< Ame.rfe~I >t•Jde11t f.• in o~e« or mtw.atlon. Tomy, education is

A RIGHT TO STRIKE! Stephen R. Signore, Jr. Third Yeor Doy

virtually as impor tant .as 1T1t?'1Jcino and justice, for witl>out th< form~r tl1• latter wuul<! socn cease tcextst. sti1df:tnt$ in l\iR:-: school a re Jo ttH~h· fo rmidable

··l 'u:-:

t;ee-:i

~: ; .J·:\ "f-. ~·rH H{)t:!~ ~;~~

~ol)d

to

WlllUJl Tiie

t~;i

r.:i.:•

f'.co pnO\ic. c:1.of1n;ae ~h~ll stttke "-nd l'I O ~et't un •scrc.1~\ns t O)' i U ~t"~tit.;l Yl.lpt.r"i•itJO or dlrcc.ti,,n "Cf '11\J' p 1.1bJic e~1'.1)« iha H ha•c c,he ()hwor cc, • H~hJli.tll"I , illJ' P"U"'e ur ~oo 5 o:l-1 t :> a ~ u i t c b~ ~\e ut {N'C

{Q.ST, J une ;;10, t:t.J.,.. 11 k'!

lo"' bli~ e 1npit. )·e~s . '

•/ s :i'. . ~

It wr,uld be d'.~rh•ult lo disput~ lho fad U1sl l<>•c h~rs f :ir'.! \in1erµt:i.td. Tl1£- ·:;.t,.'{( majQrtry c:ar!'I ·~(:~!

1,. er

$1~,l')O <;

a year

e"'~n

art.er

y~ar s

ut exc.~ 1 l~ r.~e .

i·rr.·bJ~n~ 1'.'laS!=P.5 are over·~ r~ v...1ed, ' 1-: h~;:~· ar ~ (.IVl!'r-hu!'f.~;to:?!! ·A·Hll ~Terjcs.I ·Rork, an<l r. :"'r>miY'lln~

rtQ•lS r,;

thri

d!.SC ll' lill~

:!oinz

pr.,bler!Js ottE;u

rir ~ i.·e 11C

1~at wh!·:ll h~ i~ tr<l.!G'-•'.I

Al'

°'feel 01

tu :lu -

i~a·~t..

3.ttrlb\rt~

e.c ta':t'.

(I(

a

~t-'bt' afE: ;j

w :i

$pirt o1

p1~':tH<:

·ha:; for Us tir\{JlO t>hjc ..:t lhl? f(1hun~ar.lt~ ; r~war<t u t 2 fil13.ttt.•1at

' ~;Ji~ <t : >.ssu~Htt(iJ n ,

'11 sb•Jct<I be a ~uhr.ir~1in<1 te ::r..usideration.• Tt1l::lii1i.g l<111:; t>t•ur: ritr.·:igr:iz>!·i i\$ a:-i hc:r.('ltaO !i:t r; t c.!e ~s lon, .s~CUlli( :.en exan:plt:, a g~ .:.· xti.r.1ple 1 t:~~ l•".':\S .. r-e~~nl z.&'! ~ an ~t.~eJ:tr.t teai-;hJ1,z n:et!".:00.

rt&rc

L~

mu< h

·. -ua

·.,.·'1:c ~:

V•

t"'

:'!lSSii\t.;:n~.

quet:tlun i:; t:ciw '!at; ttte lt:{!t~ht.'.'rs :nJtka illetr tr:var.t::(\$ ! 3.~·rul!y kr.(•?lf: anr1 t::v.- csn f?)e.y l:"et a

Thn t():i ~~:,, !' ~; r.an rr:a~c r~eii.T rlc-mar..ctc; koo·.i,·;i ' the ~t ·t1p.:,r txil'tir:s a.J1<l c.a.J\ r~:u::so? tu r~r.tew lhetr ,..,. :\~t~ :·

tr ar:-t.s t!

t~.r.. ir r1\'rnan~~ lr~

no•

rr.~t.

Thlr> r:1ethoJ

~ht l ~ :~

·.•.:IU1!1l thi.:: !·.;·-1;. tt;1t to !> lgn ~. <~~tr;i~t anri to w~lk :.:ct or; tht-ir .:;~:a~tr~ctual outd p:1~ f~ ss to naJ

irta~i:Jn i ;~ re .:1€ :n•ln5crat€ ·Tart! ~1~s r~r ~ !.,t t!:e !a•»

!'~

61:eir

Educ•liofl

U<>I

rocnsutzo

ust

F~ier:i.tl<'I> of ·r.,.,,hars (PFT) alY.I the l'itrsburit!J Tc:acb9rS' Edut:a.tion Asso~iat1<.-r1 {t>TE.~; ~Id an ~ J~c:Uoo t<> ~etern1in-3 <il-1Jlch of the two g"N\11Pf. Wl!iJld ter.r•~~~t tllr, teacto;rs of Pittsl!w-~I:. U so,nm< that t~.e ~ l&ctfrin w::\s th~ r.:-::ult C'f, at lea.:1t, au irnplied pro1niiie by t:'!i~ noar 1.i t~f r-:~nl'.'ation ICJ r~o:-.(Jf;r-Jz~ tt•.a wtcumr, anli in turll, to Vln~a te th<: ta.w~ 'l'ho PfT 'J(Ofl Clo. ele<IJf, n at whl<'h lime tlJe PT!:..\ dalm•<I man; of its pe..•vle lia•l not voted botng aware of t:i~ f~ct :~at lb<• ll<Jard <>! E~uca<lon C<'UI~ r.ot lawl\lllr r l!<'Of.lliz» 11',e wiuner • .it ~Y r ate lt.c> P ::-C 1ecfar..(; its• lt tl-.e ·"1nrK•r ir.d j'.'!"(<e.9.~~ t~ sci u.~ a sc!.,.1ulf 1~f .jiS4.:uss io~.:: d~sign~lj to t P~ult in a co1upl'?t~ ('Ontra~t ~c:.kat;e. by Sc~J:ofemhPr. r1ehaii:- on the various !ssor,$ '.VA$ robe conl'l::i<!~d by certain ~1:.c.· ~ifh!ririau~.:;. "!'h~ TJo~rd <lncld•d I~ r,omply Witlt th~ l ow. !.<·., no~

s t\Jd4:t:ts

a

!~nor< ill< 1-.tw wootd be to <>l)eo the doors IX> anarcby and tyr:IJUI>'· A teacher truly alli.cts eternity, aad Ile ~allllQ( !\>II where tds tnnueree stops. In the el•Yeoth

h<>ur,

h!Gt~ry ~111.

..-.u

recoi::nli~ th~

PF'T

a.~

tllP. tP.a·!hers ' so?e

bac~ai.utng

agnnt. ar1•:l ai> a ceSl•H U>C? .~~r..a<JsJl~ ·.vcw not curupltur1 wHh and l::it>t winti:- r~S' strikf! carr.(! t'-' l-.:.

Al'TF.il. tr..

A1J111 e11ty

~tT!ke

111:15 S6ttled " '=1'1t:!i.1ior; !:rM."<lrn:ng ta~k pa:i

And

rietn ai~

s~u.14 lh e lc:•ctlen; pnt«I. amnct:I)" aoo he p a.id Cw lhe lune the}' weie on sttike'! b~

le3r~

!;'·fj,•~r~. ",; pror~.ss!on," &3i~ ll!Ee-tht~::i.1 ~od~ o~ tll•l A.rr.~rican

rtv1ce H ':ar. r.an~ler

law fai.uaburgh

tho

()r')e p ou.p • • • .,oJe ba<&flin· mg •ll<Ot. spriug ttie PUtsburgh

B•ci< P~

prr..fes~\".".n ~s !~i'i H;; !lnml~t'S:t:'!'e­

f'IQfeauioa Sin lee

•m:

(hai

tt•at·tu.~ r

a

t thl'::S(' :aec~rs s;.n;:~1:arly or {'OmhJplj do 1't-".>t

·tut z h.'3.i!IUf.r fJ&rmtsston tJ t:·rea.k

r equite~ H ~d o f

Law

('Jt)' (\f P!t~l·ur~h. \Vithin tbre~ W<'H~ks h1•0 "''J'r! t'h\'.;oa t11n~d teat:"'?'lar :>trflcf!s w,~re n.v~r~i~ hy IHI rr· lr1t1l'~ ~t!Ctlf!moDt~. ar.rj a rel)fat 1.'lf !at)t winh! r'.~ \ 'i:-11 s(rfktJ w::i~ :,·;t;1{\!r,.t1.

~nn11 y Jv»nia.

Aftother

~y

A t cc.:1, .~c:,. u.:.t<.-:.:$ ete1 11.~:i; ; Ac c.cr. n;,m.• !cti :.·.11,,~ ~ l i~ ! 11/i~c:t.;.: siogs.

Th' t~ d u c:a a toa1 uf. He.uty .\f.kmi , (,...,.. , . , 0

years . \>.'fo1.t u.~;. le•u·n. and bow Ille~ learn It \Vil! af/~ ~t tMtr 611tlre llves. Counties~ men hav<- ctfect It> pro••rvc tl\is nation's stretl\(lh oud liberty, 'fo now

a~a.i n t.he 3-.::.&rd "r"'1S far.td w!th ~ 'Penn.;;-ytvar:ta law wl\1"~ !n e s s~nc e i~r~ Vl?Hte-d thtl ~lU·U frn1a ~i:in~ a11y a1·tiC'n on tli~ j~.:.;~· . 'Thi'·. i.;.sue wa.-> tt.en t:i..~e!:

C1ni:e

tJ?.fO\'~

t.il~

'?"111us yl1taB!.'\

St3(t:

1. tt~'~l :tlu?'c~ Vl"hictl

d:.!rldf'•'l, atto:- flv~ :oJig- inonUlS, tn grant amn~sty and

ba<:k ll'l/.

"!'!:~ l'i tt~huc·,t;

unjt1st. (ltller

~: !ti€·~ .

teaoltor> Mi that this

s11.;,ll as S·!rar.t1n,

wa~

P e!d1.:>~1lva.11i :t,

h~:! r.rnnt~<l ba·:~ PQi· t~ !~~~ir lP~t'."tifrS

E1\'e11 tho'.lgh

U:o St;uo L ~);i:;!~ttJrE' !13.:! r:rA. T¥. a oar i'.l •·as :;ou:..~rr.ncd tor attaniJ.I(!~ to s-:::lvi& !ts pjl)f\l~ro~ wifh!r. th':' taw. U S.·rantor, cr;Jkt i~-re llie law, why s hof1ld :v.-~t P1t~bure:1'1.

T?>~ tttecl;~ 1·s c :~~m that th.~ Boar·l h.as constsh?r:tl\' rl•tu~11)f., tli diS·'!IJF;.~ rea '.;t:·nst:)C! !1r.·U:·&n~l$ Sl!l;h a s p1·~pa1·aUr.-n P ~ rnap;; t~:~

a

all ele-u:elit.>r)' :Jt.llCll)l te:act1fltS. ri.. ai "'l'~blr--u: i:iris·~ ~ becao .> e the !.d,.~h'!rs,

pr:rt,~

f!::·

:.t qrr.t:ll, :\re. •1tJtet·~a.iu ~t th~tr c'fl~CiN~ t,·ua~s an~ r~.:- Hoo.rt nf f.:.:1ur:~Hon ba~ th~I ttfo r1.1 . t\~ur.i:I H:;eli C:J!l~tlt •.v ;tt~iu t!:t~ pr:.'lo'C:J' .;,::t f~l~~;~ l)t;r\i.'f~:i two rlva ! tea\~ t\~Jr l)rcan1,.~ti.t.: rJS· all'J H1t1 d !~tat~s c! pl.::1l!:'! ~u1 µl13 ycu I .;.t)n!" Law~.

a:-;

Ben Long says D uq uesne University s tudents l1ove the chance of rr /tfetime irnmoJ;trre eJtote . . .

JQ

creot e an

1f1m will prol'id,.: ca.1h or co>lloteraf for upportu11ities ot cinwg•ncies Len clil s iQr pan:illS o r other 0 e~ p&ttdents 9to,••in9 funds fot .~~ t 1rcmen1 1

pla11 tllfl.t lll'l!f'r ff1il.: 9auronte~d b·; o nalion wi<lu company in its secol")d centvry Q/ $6(V1C e

1/.,011;.r.h

11

There :sq toUo: ·niod,,

e<?~y

woy to pay

le i thi.s ·"olvoble e$'otc.

Ask '"'/vii ;,,J.,,,,101ion - of cour.t e w ithoe11 obligation.

Fra nch; L. Farrell, General A11ellf FOUR GATEWAY CENTER, PITTSBURGH , 281· 38711

MASSACHUSETTS MU TUAL LI!I" !n•~• Co mponp ilPJ:l"N G Pl St.O. "4: 1\~ACH CJ Sl'...T T IJ O R C A ~"17.RO :l.5J

P.A.D. Egan Chapter FRAN~

8y

CARR

Student Bar Column

Ot' n:1mnin- :, P.A.D. !1eld Its f!rst ri·at~rnit'; meoting ol the s~1·iu~ semester. lnr.luO.~d In lllr· order of business w«s the voting on anJ acf.ept111g o1 eljtlit men as ple<l{:es. The.so mon will remain ar, ple~s llDlil the tall s~m~s1n wlieu they 'Nill l., of!telallv 1.ndur.ted at; brothers of P -~ .D. '{'t:~ a~dili(>o ol these elgllt men !114)roa'~" t~ pres•nl membi?rsh\p of P.A.D, lo elghty-thr•• mon.

by l!SlE A. ZEHNER, 111 ~.b.a. s.ecr&ta•y

Al th• same rueetlng, the ~rnlh~rs also 'l'~teo In. delermlM the roeipi•~'" ol the a.iurual P.A.!} .~ .,, • '"~~ wMch tueludo tM •n!sttnguish€d Me-.111ler AwaN!"

anrl

the

•outstandin~

Member

Awar~.'

'!'II e

., Oi..~tingn1shed t.te :nber A\V(l.rd~ wa:: r· :t:tbHshe1J h.y the I:r;iiu Chaptel' r.or P.,\.Il. I<> bo pr-.sMted tr.o t.t:o

erarJualiJll: senior brother of P .A, D, wl\n. has eompilt'G Ille most distlngUlslied record 11,t th• law .'>clIDDl. The

norn\n•.:-tis ft1r this tlonor WPl'e~ ~ticM.~t J. Al·anl'V~, edttor of ttt~ J..aw n~·.:-tev..·; .Jamf:!s N. r'all'.'011> ~itnt or JURIS; and, William T. I.~pcovic 1 ~lce-pr<><ld•nl

th~t maoy Law S''ho)(Jl5 hav~ adopt~d tf.'I attr~~t ~...;;r-o la'v ~t,u~lPnts. 'fh~s-= 51.:P.k thos~ Nt::~rl) ~turl•nts who wouJl1 fan

ft app-.us pro~rams \)r·~·rams

ti) tu~E:t U1~ m inlmurr: r~qulretntinfs "11Rfnl'l.lni?d feir whlOO ~tudents. •,v~)i1c fhti goaJ~ a,...,,j u:;je<:tl\'es ut sur.l: pro~ram~ ar.; f;~l'taiol:: ttrJmlrH?lt~ and '1P~Eir·1e support fur th~ir :1tt·~n1pt tl'.l J'~~fif'; }'E'ars o! di!;c-rj:nfr.ati(lf; trJwa!'rj,s th~ N°(lgro law -,tu,:ent, th~re ar<t ~;c_·;.·c:ra! undf·r!ying· daiig~ts ic:. tht•::C' prQ?rs.111~ 3~ th~y are curr(::ntJy FBbhH.st>F.-d,

of the stud•nt !lar A•soe\atlon.

The se<"-Ond

aw-At' Ii•

thP. coulc;taudlng Me-mb()r Awarf.,"'

was eslahlislled by the P.A '). ·1~llonal lr~tert1ity. presented annually to foe l(l':lduafir{' senlt>r brother ot l'.A.l.l, .,,.:;o t;as aceompllsM~ Ilic most outstanding ri.?r.o~d or SEir\i<'~ to th!l traterrJity.

ThP. notr..1Pf!~s tor tbis a~·afd W(·re; ~r:u1.k Carr, Bart F.. Eoker, an<! John H. Wollman.

This h<>nor t~

The r~r!ipi.;nt.~ of tlle:::e aw;u·~s •Nill l~ ~nn..1utt<!E:d at thP. P,:\ D .~:··ldor Dinner 03nr.e he1~ ou ~.iar•~tl B. 19&9. Also 1 at this SAnior !)inn~r Datt-~~. C:llarlr--:s ~V. Jsaly will ~ prtlSRn~d tt1€ • Pre~!(fPnf~ A"~:H·~· :lnC .t.liohael J. Ara1t•on .rlll be presenl~d tto 'Soh•;lasri~

first round.

Th~ ~eas wtthln tl1~ La:.;,r S~hGt.13 ft.at requir.:. attentlcn as f<> pc>ssihJ~: re\:i~ll1r. ar~ :nunc.•rClus. tt ha:: been thE- ir.t~nt of th!s articl~ to p'1tial' 17,e ~·1.·\; weaknesses cmd t-0 atte:m;it to l~~in til~ ne9.·:h~d (~':lanr;e.

p1·~~~~t. Th~

cf th~~e stud~!~ts stayP.ct in t~.e t'nit;i.' 1

'J'hr-r~ n~cds ~o b~ a ratio~al alt;~rnativn tn ~· pt")~:l.'ll$: a~> they TL~>"'' ~x~st. SE\•..eta~ sua:gt':'~ttcn::;- Ut thi;,rc-for~1 ~'fftit'~<l for a Pl'•)i~rarn tl13 t ·.:.•otliC lie

fJtb~r

tlJa~;

\li~Jitt' ~

m1d•~lc

:.:J:t:::;s

h3•::i(gr(11JTI~o:;'.

!'fl~

r~19\'S.1l~Y i~

ct tt1e tt'st. as a.;::plii=d t-0 roioority Sftld~·nts~ hi?b!y 'JU-:!~tl('lr.a~~!! .

Ui~sc:

.~t'!Xlt•nt~

nr:irn~a1

law ,:;.::hool pactern

- $i.:Jn~i! ;Jf ti:@.r.€ ehani!'e.5 are

a:-i:- pJa.:-ed in a 3f.'F.'C;~l r~•Jr )'~.t~· to ~ak~ fp>,t•.r.r '.':O'iU'S:t1:>, 3:1.:l th~y are assi~netl trJ w~dt€ tutor.::: ...:110 :.1!'~ lJl.'.~':tt1·i t» ·1f'vn!C' sc>,'c·r~l hn:n·~ a w-a1=!k ass·lstin~ t!iC'm.

Tt is io these ~"tior.s tlta.t the ·il:f!~1e?tcje3 of the pn>gr~111 li'.

1r; tt.•

me:

f(I .. the 'r.;jp1,1~it:,. la•;.· ~ht~€rit an~ af!cr:i• ~reater r.-:.;i:'~ rtuntty fa.- ad..-a.nc.cment ::1.ftt:r gr.td.11~i! ~quHa:-.;c

~trstJ

~herE-

~?-io•1Jd

hi:- a bro:i:! »!!e:-Ir.g

s~~101:.. rstd~ fnr

qnalif1tHI l\efrVP~. It ~"110lP.'i the d'-Of the ~·hit.:- bar as.:iotiatiOl$, 'li'l:o p:-oflted :r:.m b~ ~J!~tit.> ·nh!b:· ·~t th9 ~.i~n~ titn~ restrict\3g tits 3;.!:niss.. . to •a• ~;~!Joni, 10 supplyt~-. !\Jnrlst<>prov\'1€ the .~~:?1Cl](lrGl1jp,~. Thnu~ti, Jniliall;·. b:;.: ar.so•.. :atton~ l'U not b~ ·rcr~~pti\'(' to S\J("t: p!t·~r::1.rr.:., ther~ ~tl1'! elj~ t.J hi!';"~ ~~·ral t1Ut}' to ~{•tnpens~te f1)r .so rnant· / OW 'Jf • wh!t!C- ju~tH'e. •

·rt•'3S:f! ~hlrii:ints

proe:ra~

wl'!ic-t1

Thc:·r'l' is

~

pt~rmil.:; t~f!rn

d:tnr.er th'a~ sinr.f· th~;i:;e:· bl;:ic-k Jt1·.1.:

.::;turJ~:;t;i:;

w~f~ a'hn:tti::<l \\'iU1 b:!iS tl;an th€ trdn~m!Jn1 r~qllb:i:-r.~t"iltS for whitn ~h1C1·0T.~ 3,1.;! sitK!'3 th~y ;ir~ .1:\l?i~>'t:~at~o:l ilito spe·ci:t! E'rClups •~nrtc:· thi=! ~~lPPf\'l.sifJll <>r wlljtc:· tutJ1r~, tli<:->'. upoc; l(raduation frn!Tl ~aw ~cho:)i.

wt!l 0-! '!XJVl·"i9<! to r.:-tltt~; tu ttJu ~l1ctt('l n~l1!tll~1·ho.:>d !\Ud ·.itY.:!'k ·~r.ly w~tt t:--.~ :1rip.;,·.r~t·ish~d f"L\~:nt•s.

Tt dn~" fl<:t s~i:.m !aJr to th~~v. sh1<tenb:; !o r,.~rroit UH~rn t<; :i:~~~1ir~ ~ lc2~J e:JtJC!atino 'H~l;• to rest!i~t·

thei!' 1:rarti~e io th~ gh€tt,·1. ()n tb-= ::f>ntr;t.ry, fh~s~ BlU11.;it,ts s;JOU!•j ~;a·.•~1 f;x::11~t!·.• f~·e ~:l.tnl· .:I)~ l:·h1n1ti,; ac; thi?.lf whjte •'OU:lh.•rtart!;. Tho:-s~ ~tll~('Ut~·s11(llll'1 ~ "s w..~ l~Cl'Tlo ir. ~h;! larc~. pr~.stjrr- ~irn.s ::1n:: ~L·rp..>rat~ law rl!\~1 · ~n1.:itlt~ ~~ th•.• White::;. .:\. mr1.n i.~ n:~r. tr~ir~E-d ~L.o l'-1!-'~a:ne ~r: imm~bi:'l:­

S€-f"on:.:, tt~c:rfl .1:\P.f!rns tu tJe 3 n!!!:d ror

t~··1r·1,

Ultite

~;~p.1:·attn:1

·J! tl1~ ft.lt' .sJoee :,u;te

t,a,..:;.;, ;hP.re -"!11J•tl~ I~ a \t:~Htngne::$i uri thc- !WJ1 la ·Ji rtrms, l'ir.~s. and ~orJ.'<>tati~~s t(l ~ !~e~toes tu!' the lJ' IEgaJ sra.rff:. U ar.~· pP.r:c;o~ .5h;)•lld w1,1l'kinr. in thf: ght?ttCl area, it shc·uld ':':u tht: :n1.A .:-l~. .ss wl:tt•: si1;{!~ ~:1t~· througt. thi:: ty9€ of prorr pr·3stig~

;?':\rt 01~1:- Ul~".51?.:'S.tal~;i

what tt;~ l\1?.g:--0 an~ l.\'hib:-· ;aw~· n r.an hopt.• t(l ~r.x:~mplisll. it i:s thu~ ttia1 t.:-!tP. c11ual1t:: l:: !{ranted. Let us ptit :ninol'it.y group la'" ~:tu~~en~~ ln l'f.'1fli:;i1 prt.9:l'U.

wor:.cJn.~ t.:-:~;.,tt!er,

}1·1:.a':r.r

,ll!KIS

.P.Ht he 2

.:.;ttuatl~n..

_{ :('2'~.t l:dU:!atf~~ h~~ a;wa)'S g[\'tl;t; the ~('o"if..jG~t afl oppothlniti' tc:· h<lv.: thr: ~1·~at~Bt rl~~~biHcy d."> ~c hj:::: ~rof~.';Sl•~n, arid it .~t'(·~rr.s jn.~nn~r•J•)U~ ffJ ~xp1\(~t H:~"sc hlac-k ~h1rl0~or.s t.ei fn11o~nr.ta.:-t ly t:ikt~ p:is it!cns

qncstio:i is:

!:i~tljulcl

~!11.1.' ·3hidor.t i~1tc 3fJP.-eiaJ 1:..rogrruns> pr~~ra~nr.: ~roar~· t1 .::;r:~.1,·11h• l-iut not

ann :toJ>'! ttiC?:'

1ioes the Ur.ive.r<ity really w.nt IG'f

in tn~n.

of nnl:l.;i1·J;1r.r,: r1o:..;1~~ y ~('!" a;hr.ts .sf~n(l.:i~\i!; for nljnorJtr ~rour: :::;t.udunlo:;. ft 1s sur.g£:- t that lh~ LSA'J' be !\rotJIWJ '">t.irel> b;- ~11 '3.w ~c tr. r.ons.tljeriul !nlno:it)· group ifil'.!i \•lGual~ , a'11'Jissi.:.•r.. A mot·e ~jvt;:ible pr.1:·ti!~' wool~ !>e to ad~i~:;lnn:; ·~n unric·r.rJ'3<'l11atc> r':{:ot~!-. a.n°:J pF.I intft'-'iew.:;. nn'1~rest:a.l~Qing

~n~i o;ldual.

Th~ re:;p->~illiUty fr:ir any ;-i1·~1r(.•,~s li<!S witJl 1~<!•;h stOOent, fa4'."ulty member. atumtitJs, alLd ill\'~l o.·f:!C adrninistr,.tor. T!~e L'pportunlt:· ro ~l1lflTO\'E- tli·~ i~~a 1

education at Duquesne 1.s

l~arni:~e-. :na1~y

S!ates In nrdor to lak• 3d\"aob\6• o! tit<> gro11P opp.·~r turJit}· pt'.'S1:nt~d ~n thi!: ·':t~untrj'. Sc it ls 1'1" any LndiVl~ual Wh<J ha• had an opporhtnlty to bo .."11

TloP. pilot pro~Tam at Pitt tias this yi;ar adt"itt~c fourteen "'ft1grci slufiE··nt.l' '1fh1;, r.anP.'1 to m~~t t~lP.' u1initctUC!1 LS:\.'J' s.·r~rcs r~·qtdrr.:! far whit~ ~h1d~~;b:. 'fl'!~' ~in.:19.r~~·i~g thi:\tj~' y .:;f this p.;·u~t3.TTi is th~.t m:tny •clo:"•b1r5 t><-tievo l~at th~ W. f is Id g id v dtsc:-i ~in:.ttnr ·; tow<ir'1.» tn:!ivid•.131.::: ,.,.:-ir:: Cl'.l~I? ~r•ltn

har r:l ! ul.

natur~ r;f the progr::\Tll s~;ou~d tit· dtOl)~ti ,\!:o?.~' r,t:.,:i

th l.s situ,.tlon 0:1." be eomj'.,,..red t<, t.~• similir a«q::erit:-tl('f- o~ 1:-Je Am~ri::-at\ ~i~~ieal Scl~L·v::!.s: stllieatf w!'r~ ~·fl~1'!.11h)n h':;n1 cthor 1..~!H1tJtrtr-$i to .::itudy mei:lclli. in thP Cniti'd ~tates. TfJflU[.t: they wr:rc: ~xp...~~tt1~ k r~turr: h~m€ Oti th~ CCtil~!eUnr. of lheir !Qtrit

partlcip•t~s

for

u-•• "'

th<!lr npporbll!t·

Pitts~~!'!!:~• .Pe~11syl••1tia.

The 1JJ'utra1r. ;Jn·il? rt~k~:1 at Pitt has r~sult€!:! 1n

appro;t•;h~s a! wrlti~ a briAr a11\! th~ pre~c-ntatiott of an oral argun1ent. OP.e suggested ;1lh:n o:it\vi:- is to have pradlrlnr. :>PJlollato at~Jft•e?5 U(M1·~<i< !~o r.lassf!~ nn !;U(':h tE-cMiques. Tht.s 1n~ll'lod shCluld tE:: ar.~orcpan1E-d by rno•·~ exp!anatior. and ::;uper11isSon ln 01e preP«ratlon (•f th• brief, Th". r1'gir1nal e.0111potitinn exPmpltfics U1i- '1.'<Jltness in tho present S}.,>ti'1n, ft~r while dnillf. quite well In thP. or~! "1"ffJm&nl s~clio11, nuquP.sn~ has al''-'3.Y~ ~n mH.-;{'a\Jly ri~fi..,i&nt h; tJ.L!' wrll~tt t>riel 3roa, Eq.clllde•l IM Ap[J"l lati; J.toot Cout·t lJCl::?rd •~ :t~sr.i r~cC1rr.mendP.t1. Tiu: trial f".'.ourt pr~gram suiters fro1:~ thf' ~:.tm1: 1-•r~ble>r.ls. Thi:: lei::ture s~·rie-~ shrJulri tlfl rep~ac:~rt L:· aa ele•~tl 'If: Cd' rsquire'l ~(lurse 1n trial t~chtliq~~. To kflnp ~ hi~~ le\'~ 1 nf 1ntt::r~st In the ~L)ll\pP.tit1Cln, th{' conl~·ujsta·:·

d~strnying

h!msfllt1 Jt i~ for ttJo;,sf rea$:':as ~ha~ th~ ~x[s'­ ~: o~rarr. Is :1ot fair tL' th-. t,\a~k Ja·• ~~,rJant

(l(!,·1itiona! •"llanges in the

The a~Ual>! rnnot ~ollrl ~rogram h1as ;]l>v~lofX'd with the <reatlon of Ille Appe \iate M(<:•t ~01.rt l\oar~.

Aiore should be arrange-d rcr thj!; ~·car, 1'h~r~ ltHJSt be de"•lopm•nt of i...tt~r meU1o.:Js ol e"J)lalning lb~

!="lH:tto lawyprs, thus,

AttE"ntion \'-'lH ~ c1:-nter1?~l <1~ the pn:·'..!tan~ ~is !t h.1s bEen i=stabUsh~d ~t thfl l'r.l\'!!fSlty cf l'ltl?b1n·~b.

Awar;!.•

Duquesne and Its Future:

a~

I"·~ t~~ dQ!'~r~ct m.oh1Hty. As a tiractica.! t't'nsid~rattot_

'Jtnt r~b1ru

t~, thP.!~

,;)d 1!€lghb:irh

Th~ ~·urr~:lt pr%:'ra:ns a1'P. hyp.x-rltica~; jf ~-r:~ ~'.i.!1-0fl.~ 1 progr::ur. Wet€- tc tie ~~tahli~hc:d H~~r~ \\' ' :1~t r,nl~' b~ ;;i ~!·~ater ~~r.:-\H~ Clt u.n6P.-rst:1ndi~ _.

ar.i! blar;S.: altc:-nevs but tx:11~Ht t.o th~ l~~i p1·.;r~~s;~n. ·

t{ll~C t\1:-~·.1.reeo wh~tt:-

i

''On Cross'' FACULTY

ALUMNUS

Prof . Joh n J. Sciullo

Ro bert M. Stefanon

Pr?fP..ssor Jnbn J. Sclull<>, la~ully ar,vt.<or oi J 11 R IS wa; born and --.1u.:2t•d "'it~in City o1 J'lll!Sburgh. He ~el••d his a.A. \n lltslury rr~m Ille l:'nlvetslty o f l'Ulsburgh :a 1953. 'l'btl'6 )'ea"' 13.b!r. In 1 ~56, be fultW~d Ms routhftl! arnbitlou of boC'lmlng an

I 1

to

C3m!liat1Zf'

9ur

r~~<lers

wltb

UM!

to:iil

problems

re~ult~ trom Ille

re<:ent CoMUtutlonal am•n<tmMts relallng to lbe :1M<>.r3l1<inot property, JURIS Wervl•W<ld M•·. Roliert Stefaoon of Gr con.<hur g, P3,

ru&r by grad>Jatiog fI"Jm tbe Law S,,bo.,; of lb< Unl•er.>lfy of PittSb\U'~h. Protnsso1· 1· llllu worhct at various jo!is to ea1·n hi.s tuition. Rornlnir.JJ~~ ol this (llirio·1 <>f his lit~.

Mr, SlP.fanon graduat<>d from thP. l.a.. Sl'l1or.t In 1359. aud qnf• red iQto l•neral ••i\\, 'I figure<! that the time sa~rin~etl was worth tt bocaus~ t hact al.ways thmrght prat,lke th•t SRme year. He, his wile, Pat, an•l the ir two ~hildren prootntly reside In ~ b<lthg an attorn~y W•s t~a h-.l~hf of •ttainment.• Hermfnte, P~. In addition tQ rnalntalnill§ a private prar.ttce ol law, M; . St:Manon is ourr>nt:ly setvin~ as sollcltol' of llemplleld To"n'h!p, Wtstmor•lan<t County, Froo> 195t.- t~58, l'rotes~o·· Sd ollo served in the Ar m•d fore.es. VP<in completion

J this <lui;·. Ii• ro!urn~d to l'llt•hur~h an•j, In lUf.9, il1arr\crl lbe Corn1tr Constauct Bielski. I're.*ntly tho PrOIP.SiM ', bis ~ife, a nd toiH' ooughters reslrle hl ~1 ~SL Clair .lllllllr~h, Pllnna .

In his ~a pa~lt}' • • Towo.sMp soli~itnr, Mt. Sr~ranon has bee11 iMo l.,.,.d in extenstre l iltig~llun conr.ernill!: tile inlorprotatiou~nd atl{lll<:alionurtll<> recent annex:iU11n amendment •

i

\Vhlio ·~Qrlcl!'JC !or the Plttsborgt. Plannllig r:omml~skin I!\ 19C'3, Pl'1lfe!iSOr S<:iullo appt'oaeh"'I t>y a Cl>«mtie.r ~C tile C'oml!'.t.<SC'Jll - 'thom~• F. CJ.Jlun, l>oao .,r DuqueS!ld I ScllOul - 3n<l ~"lS fP<JU$Sled, by lh~ v9Rn, {~ teaC'11Laadl.)se Plaw11a1•i tho, law ~ it)nt Trtil\~'h1ng tt1Js Cflurst• ctim~ F:t.~ Jly (L) tht- Pr r,1f~~Sl)l' :lS a. result of bis 1.>th;kgrouru1 Ill tM f>l~nning C•:o1~1mts•to11 •n~ his familiarity with tho le~al intrie.ar.t~.< ul:t.ained m s~1·vtng a.i a l•w olo.rk. T he lvtlo.,(n~ year, l~G4, Ucau Q•1inr. ar,ke~ l'rolcs.•or lllllo join lb<> C\JU-tim< f~<!<11ly r,f Duquesne{.••· ;;,·~aul. H<P ar~epted n<>d has l>t>cmno

I

'

~•

itlll m<li;t nflaNe tt1e11 011 lha

!:i::•Jlt~ .

ID 1,5'1, PMf.,,,,.,. S"iu!lo 9"'1 his !c-rmer ~lass1nat~. Lloye It. Fugc, !<)ln<'rl ln lbc l'lll r,..a~U~"' ul ia·... ·,1·!1Uo so •ng~5ed. !K! ma intiln€1.I tile i:os:til'l1of12"' clert for F'r-"tier?e G. \\f'ir aOO .)111'.1;c~ St:irn1~el A. '1\'<·i~s. T)i1rtng tlli$ tirne he, alS\l rn:utag..::.:l

'rhe oow la<r protj;les . ••

lh."ICtte ruJe foe aJI uni1~ of Jt)C.IJt $t.'l"CrCll'.lleut, -.>pliutt41J ft>rms n( gow:t.ament, •lld uniforn1 pt..,ce<lure$ (vr incrgcr, coo~1:ilid~Hou, " 1h.l boundMry cheogo.

Mr. Stetanon is att•mvttni; to prdv•nf tho an11ex1tiu11 i>f various tracts or lleu1pll~ld Tow11shtv by lhr. •13rtous surroun~ fns and inclusive munk.l!Xllilies. ln the tnitiai litigatJoo, Invol\•logs txcas&s, ttio 311nex:1tit>M of 'fowushtp r.ropertr IW:re approved by Ille cr,url9, A.U ofthes•~isliJns 3l'P. no" heiog awes!.., on !lie thenr y that pd(V h .• \)\( Cun:t1titutin11aJ Cunvention, Cl•c Stll tf\'~ l't~l\~tiuUi4'1i'l. "'I& !illcnt <:t>n('t'rn1ng n~crgcrr., C<1usolidatinn1', &r1d boundary ohl'l•1$~i o( thffcu:in• c l•1t~(\!; <1f h1el\l uoilS.

"l'VC ~:; :' ~·~~~c:-ar!7'h a:::.soi;tattt at the VnJ\·t.-r'!'it)' of Pltl!:tn1rgti 1.a-4· ~"~O~l.

f'p::n t;:> \·ah1atlng

t1?actl~~·

as o

µrof~·~si~•n,

. . lea-0blng a.i a job; perb.apt1, lh•t'g • clllll(, I relt r was cit ea ll•C s omeoge llca• !!ll I enjoyed !t !to mucll . l &.lroosl -hi 1101 quite - relt wllli"' to do It

Prot,,.ssor

s~1u11.,

stilto::-d,'I never looked

wlzy l am 81lU bere. When f (lrst Sl&rled

Since

1oen1t:ocrs of

thl?

Couv~ntJoTt

ll'Js too important to bt> left

In tr"' IQ\fi.slafure or tile fll'Oplo, It enacted tlt£- 9.t1Stlnt an1endmc11t. T'hf' Court'~ pownr.

• 1tolhlag.' "cr.::i~;~rJr s~~illHt) ~xr!~\nc·!d

t~

~ous!olcrO<!

be fore tho passin~ nt thA 31lndxatloo a1neo~1m~nt, 4\Tnanated from fha i;tat.; sta.tutt's.

Thes., separ>te statut-.s a!f~dod ' 'acb -.las~ of \Qr.a l ~a~er11ing noll diCter1nttr anrJ tile n sult ~~" col\fuslou in lM al)l)li~a!io:i of !be .;x!sttng <tatut~s.

lh:ft he ha::;

:t1 (t:P. rr11,.:;t rew;:i.rding <i~> (>.:~· L '=If t~ ac~!Hn~ ~ th~ ~r so11a.l 1;ontact with nta1ly students the ..ns~ u.ss tn,; or t~1eir <:liver% pctnt>•1ti~r•.

S<'i•.tl!f: ~~ oai'4".l'ol$ <'t•i\Sidcr<?r. tto;~ ~r !"uh;re ln~rests' as th~ tn.>sl Jl&-;U1aliy .;tirr.ulatin;- sr~a or CllE- law.

• it 1s a.~VrL1p.rtate- cbat h~ ur,"· t.eac~11:~

'rQ'~S$fJT

Tile ('oo,,,olion•s Amenrlruent provld!Pg:

• annenUor: c.•n only ~ >!IJ!•'<>ve<I b)' havin~ a n Jll.ltlative o/ ~%of tile voters of that [('OVorr.mental unit w~(• v~t&<! !n t~e last RaY<>rAmental ~l&cUon aad suhsP.<Joent refeNn~um; and

F..;cal~s a:trl Trusts, wNch u·.,.tus lei :i ~r~\a~ .;ixtPnt on FuturP. ren~s. .-il1Jn.~ ·,1:it:~ t~a<: hin.; J.~ od U~P.

...,,.~1.·s

• t~e l'J•nerat AS$~rnbly 51\aH, w(thin two year. t1>1l~•·1n, the >..dopt1•)4 of this ar1lcle, ~nact uoif<1rut tegisl•tlon e1tal;Jishin5 lhe pr~e<luro tor eoasolidal!on, merger, or ~lltitl!I"- of bonooarles.

It I.• (rom this I~ tbal Mr. stetaoon lll';(u<1.• lltll tile furm@r statlllAls bave been i:<!peateJ aOJI, !here!ur•.

I';?.

di...4<·U$$ln? ht:: a pprc3c:1 h' ! lfl..:edent's Trust~. J>roI~ss.•r Sci u II" I~ th:it t., •!l"!S.WS ll\!! Pet!!lS~l\-aitia

Its and

tes, stncP- 1t is <lHfleuJt, U u1Jt ir~>JXts~;Jtilt?, tn ~i$::w;s UlE: ~object ·mati~r or Estate"' 'TTlLSt.s "''lthout r~~~rrio~ to a $JJ!:•:ifj,~ s~t of s.t~tut~.~. He f:Jr.ph..asiies P~11nsyJvtnia

MS

111'))' dectoc ¥rb~i::b tht o ourlK h.~nri ..i(1Wu fuUuwin& theAe St.al-ut.ei " " d a.l),..<tVin1

an11.e)l,,fUiuu

M~a11se th~r am ~mr.11g tl1e most d~v~lt>JX:<l ;:ui<1"U:io< orferect 'by Gill' st.al'-'

n ~ir1d 1'r~tanc1inr: vt t!1e cu111:eprs nt this

:·o=imp~ring ~lr~ law ~tudtnls nt ?ll~ '1;i,y t ) ~f1C1St: ui:.w ltfteudlng t.:1ir.· S(•l\nol t}I) has d U1'.4l tttti }' ".i(• n·J~ t:J.ce tl\e t..:t\1'll)fTiii:- pr<1hlcrn~ tl'J;\t stodE:11ts {'.OcJfroJJh!~l wl\tn hn wao;

.boo:.

Tl1• P~olP.'-><>!' teels 1Mt toda}'s gn O!.ialqs lii·!e ~~ll•tl ~Pl"rhlllity In ~ai rteld. H• ~'s a<l.'l\lt tml ti)(, ~urreot sludent •lllh1•1c ('(;..-ar<l the l.lr:t!t has a<lob1 JSU{'(.o t<> t 0X!1y's la...,. .-;hd.1 nt. \ tuwhl3' titms~1f ntol'e as:.\ ; 1J.idl) rhan ... te-:ic~h!!r, tll6 Ptore.o)::>or dirt:cts t?1~ ~J~.o:;sroo1n .l Jon - wlth:h tie h!JJicv.c.o; i5 "'l\~t fornntJat~s tt\e \ilna.JytieR1 prOC'e.ss 1Jf a la "''yer - lnto ' pl&IP.Qll ~ r rea..>milng bt>tl<'~•" the re~lm•mtod mind of the s<ltonti•t and II\'. unbouotled "! t:·1t! ph il(•.Sopl•ar. The l~"al r.ll~1d has f'.!W$;' r~stt·lr;tlvns than th~ mlo<t.s vf any Ut\(I, !1t! ·:> :-:;it~ !n.~, t·ut 1t l!t nc.t .so >JJ\)' ~,stt· l ct~11 t h3r.1t P.S~at:ie.:. vra:.:tlca!lty . ft i~ .l~,l~tk <1Cth& l•;;il.l mln-1 lo urotorslann • ilrll~;rt!Iy Pl">bl<ms, lo ~irl ~ut lrrel~vaiits, tc dc-1t1h)r an~ arJ~~.!ale- '1 ·.fork&!At· solution.

,,.,. ~$:f0r S<·ial~o o,1.·~;ns tl'lat f3w .)-c't:;:wJ ts :t:-e t'~arec! t·:> pr~~inK la.,·~·'tr~, not ~!'.S i ni?n, (1r ~to•.'k expert::I, ()T 1!XJ..r>r-t ~'('l)tw;ntsts. The- Pn:.fess.or <Sor,.$ th!ru: that ma:~y f.'E· t;•p1~ sl~ar~ tJ1t' m1secir.r;of41'-'D that .tltnrt1i::oy 1s are ur.Jy ~nncxirned Wilh the

•ca ri· a.•(l<lcl< or l\fo,

Jtd{[S

illt: 1ut.

Tc• fullo \V tho re!J<!ale•J ' ta.l\ltes will ho t~ !he 01>inion <>I the wtcr~.

~irti•:ttlar sulJJe<~t.

L:i

i~

to)

art contrsry to tile acl$ ot the Convention

and

Tl>0u~h Mr. Slefaw.>o admits Ulll.t too fight ·~m tiE- dltn~ult, he cmr.lud<>d trut there ..

for reversal ut tM pre>iQu.•

~aurt

dt!ctsloos

;u lie •a~'! land grabs fN>:n oxlsllne townst11ps

untl! r.!lher the te.;s13ture or the and wlshM or the voters.

rx.urts respond to the directives of tbe Convenlloo

J \.'RLS thanks Mr. Soolaioon for 111 llib!tdstin~ discussion on a vastly r.hRngini; ar•a Q(

the Ja w.

st.c·Mni: tor

t!J~

Ideal. 1'1.,,ressor Sclu llo, wQ11 l<l like to see more ol Ms ~tudents rr<, te.sslotl, Tbe Pt-ores.•or woold like to requlre"that ewry r•1q11e$11e La111 ~nt iake a ~•mi.nar '.C)llt'6'! wlllch -.uuld force Ille student to becmne ~"':ply ln"nlv<'<I >itb at lc..,•t OM lace! <>I t!ie law. !Jemm~ (nV\llYed "1th their

Anyone \\·hfl has P.xpi:-r!euc-oc! tht: t) ntt1usla_~m vt ProtP.ssor .John J. Si:dullo't; approach t~aolilng "an as<11r~ him th:t.t regardless of bOW m11~h ~e enjoys t~aohtog, he ts c:hoatlna 1\l' une.

V.:

M tt rch, J969

Alumni Record

Mr . Venable llelmtgs to b<>lh lh• Comparatlvo uf InterMtio!ltll

t..aw and

Law Sed\on.< of the

tt;e

Palellt and

Am~t!cao

·rr~dcm &ll

Bar A$soci>lloa.

lnter•$led In tll<! histor y of >c.ience and tee,bnolccl',

...h!ch be maintai ns has mor e cel<lvance to th" tu and l~al problems of today than OM mignt . . . -

L '44- P'ruk Ouller ... A-slstant Dlreelor P en nsy l va nia Leglslatcre Reference Burau, Harrisburg, Pa. Mr, Garber a!teud<>d file nlgbt di..U.10<1 ot Duquesne l.aw School fro m 194-1- 1943. Oii Ills ~tadua!Jm> Mr. Garber rel.ates tbal Dean flrnphy s~esled thllt he oo~~l<ler a possible eareer With l be l"'l:IJ;lal~ Re,.,re~ bureau. E•eepl for a br ief period or Z- 1/2 years 'l'\lh Duquesll!! Light, tie has sened .,ith loo b11reau si~e 1948 and pr oS<>nlly holds the pos!tlon or

by

The Rureau Is pre<lom!na~l )' t'Onceroed wJth tho artual draltlng nl lA!gi81alioo /or tile PcnMyl~nla Leei•lature. The Burea.u also •-.ves as oounsel to r.enol'l'l .t.~sembly.

tho

L '65 - Mr. Berur4 lhrkovll& >ias est&l>Uslted hlS law <iNl~o.~ In the l!bM Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. ~oontly

Mr. Ga.rber is assoc.ia!W with the l'atlona1 C<>nferenc• C<>mmitlee on Fnlform S!:ltc law$ and is curren!ly .•orvllll! on Its Committ~e on DetecUcm Devices. Duo to the oature Qf this Commilk!e·s ...Qrk,

Mr. Garber beltov•• that II ma•: ~!so become luvol"•d In a <ludy of tho rlgllt of pr1va~y - a sori<>us coucHn or all An1erlcan• In view of oxlsttug soptil•tt~ated eavoMropp10g devloes.

Upon gradual:!on fr o m

Weslmtnster

Collelr" In Mr. Mark o vitz !Juq1iesn~

•ntered

S~hool

In Pennsylvall1a's recent Canstl!\1ti<:mal Conveullon -

Dec. 1967 to l'eb. !968 - Mr. Garber •trVt!d a• Chief DrartlDg Counsel lot tho Convention,

Law

wllere ht not only

compiled

:i.n

hnpr es~ lve

He is also associated with the PoonsylYaola Elar lnstltut~ on Dratting o! Uniform lostrunients .

academk re.cor<l but al.so served :11! Chairman or tho ApPellate Moot r. o ur t Board.

After

Or~lnally from Pilt<bur,;h, Mr, Garool' preseutl y r esides in Harrisburg, Pa ., ..-ui. his wife an<! 7 c hildren.

gradllatlon tro111

•

Law School, be wor~d tor ~ P lttsboJl!b fir m of RoystOll, R~, l.eooard, Edgecom~. MiUer , LDd Sborall Jn 1966, Mr .

Mn kov ltz

Attorney.

During Ms hm end one-hall years wJth the Plstrict Attorooy's omee. Mr . MarkoY1lt has tried numerous c-rlmlllal r.aS»s tor tile Commonwealth; he ma!oblns !hat •ID the tteld ot criminal law, prepar ation Is Ill~ key to succes s.•

Mr. Marko\'ltt's private prao,Kr.e Is di rected toward

... has of la... with om ces lor.at0<1 at 970-B Union Trust IMldJal?, Pittsburgh, Pa.. PM-Or to bis tE'Cent IOOl'e, 1'1 r .

Ve112ble """' Cttief Pah>ot Coonse! tor the Slaw Kno~ Compan1· ..vttti whom he had t>reo as.<n<:iale<l s!Dee !946.

artt of persoll&.I JnJury

11 ttc a11 on,

Mr. MArkovit• Is active ID s uch

Us~d In both • wbo's Who In tile l::ast• and " Wlto's

•

•

L '6& - lrwl11 B. WeclJler • . a ,elll?rli pr ae:ttionor 1"ltll law olflees In the Plaz~ Bu!ldia&.

Pltl~buri;h, P a., recontli• <llsr.usso,~ 'l\itb JURIS • p r oh l ~ms nt~J)!1 ~1..

faelng

the

aUorn•)'.

I>ur!ng his careor at DUQ1.lfl$,,. Law School, h• rna!J1t1llncd tile Jll)Sltlon or MA~h1g Editnr n1llle Law R&l"lnw llll~ he was a member 1>! Ille Ph! Alpt.a Le ~al

ll•lta

f' ralorntty.

On adml<<ion l o the Bar, Mr . WcJncr a~-e epted r.mp l ~y m e ot w:tth the Plttsnur~h law firm or

Bren.an and Brenn:in.

r.onc•rniog th• young attorney, Mr . W ~d ner ~t:ited:

a )"luTig attorney

ra c e• seem lng lf lnSllrmauntable pr oblems -

oot

ronimens\lr ate to se ven ~s

!or1nal Mncotlo n; h< l'las ""' Yfolf personal ci:>nt:lcll all<1 he ler.t s confl<l'.OOP. and exfll'•l•nce ID the prad!Cll a~p<•:ts or tl1'l la'll' iUld !he lntr loate '<Orkings o! 1111 judlcluy.

But,

oo

crat!uale ot la• polQt le bis carw

al60 "-mpb&slzed that a

schOol kno..-s mot>'! law at than it any time thoreafler .

~I

t~ ne<-do>d pract ical oxperlence

to undersliUll

Ille worldncs of the law, tie should l)(l rearly, !f be •

desire,;, to ombart up:10 an illr.lepond<lol pract!eL Mr. Werlner Is married and rusid•s at 5535 Covodo A.pt, '116, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Str~1;l,

Hon· f>rDtit Orgt11iatti61t

U, S. POSTAGE

PAID Pi!U:burgb. Pa. Permlt N<>. S!IO

Duquesne University School of law 800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

He. his wife, and hls children reside al 233 rtrtll Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. .t:

to

thank the Amo,r!~an Colloea ~I Tr ial t.awye1·s for Its re cent weSP.nlatlM lo Ille Llbur1, throll(h Prorossor Gl~r1 tl~l"1~,

'FOR THE

L'48, ol a copyot~TRIAL, MANUAt

DEFENSE: OF CRIMP.IA J.. CASES

~y

POS'TAC I. REQU1tt.E D FO P

Amsterdam, ~al, aad Mlller. lliK)S

~ht. rch,

l 9b9

I

Mr. Wedoor bell~ves lll&I f:>ncP. tho )'(>Ung a.ftor117 j

1r2-w

Juris

organltllft(ll'l.~

THE OUQUJ:SME LAI' l.IBRARY would llke

a

but

as tlte Moosf. ll'naJ lil'rlth, and tM U.S. Nava l Reserve.

..

practt~

WhO In World Cllmmeree atld Industry," Mr . Veoe.hl• has been a«ttve !.;th !n the l<>gal M nun uolty all(! lb• lllt~rnational Cl:lanaber ot Commeto.e. A.s a memb4!r o! tho l.C.C. he has served as a delegate to their conventions beld In Mexico City, !963; New Deltll, India, 1965; lllld Montreal, CMada, 1967.

he 18 llE"com ltig !nct ell$lngly Inter ested in cases conoernlng the question of obscenity. lie l)(llle~s !bat the U.S. Si1preme Court hli gone too tar lD llberallzlng tbe detlnll11>n of oOO<:anJty.

..

JIJP.IS 'Nfshes Mr . Venable tbe best o! success Mw o.

111~

bis Mlary ts

L '4S-WU11a• Huey Veubte

became

...

• •

r e.,,.nlly enter ed tM ptivate

RSSOCla ted v ltll the District Atlorn17•s Olflc• and, In addition to cooUoulng bis wrk l o prlvato practi~ h• presently malnlotns tile puslllCJn ot Ass!staot Distr ict

Ille

Mr. Venab~ lsmu rled andheaoohis wlle pre..ay r e sll!.! 21 610 Pa:k Plar-e, P!ttshurgll, l'<!r.na.

Assistant Dlreetor.

James R. Farley

1~62,

Mr . Venable has :tttended sever:ll lll!ernaliom;1 CnngTAsses on tt.c History of Sclenr.e, Ind~ lllt 8th (1~5 6, ll:tly) , 9!11 (1009, S}:Qln). 10th (l!!Gt, llSA, I ltto (! ~~. Polelld) an<! the 12th (1968, Fraoce).

ntl~ M: Al:..JKG

WAM &.Jt

1

,

1 !

! ;