Chapter 05Processors and Chipsets pg.169
Processors and Chipsets In this chapter you will learn: About the many different processors used for personal computers and notebooks About chipsets and how they work How to keep a processor cool using heat sinks and coolers How to install and upgrade a processor
Processors pg.170 Most processors today are made by either: AMD – WWW.AMD.COM
Inte – WWW.INTEL.COM
How a Processor Works pg. 171 Pentium CPU
Internal Memory Cache
Registers
Registers
ALU
ALU
CONTROL UNIT I/O UNIT
System Bus Frequency or Speed FSB- Front Side Bus: Also known as internal bus BSB – Back Side Bus: Connects the processor to the internal memory cahce
Processor Frequency or Speed The speed at which the processor operated internally The speed is affected by the bus and the processor multiplier Multiplier:
System Bus Frequency X multiplier = processor frequency (speed) Example: 800MHz X 4 = 3.2 GHz processor speed
Over Clocking
Making the processor go faster than it was designed Can be done in the BIOS Can cause damage due to overheating NOT recommended
Throttling
A way for the processor to protect against overheating Most processors will throttle down if they detect that they are overheating This protection can be set in the BIOS
Data Path Size and Word Size
A path for your data like a freeway The size of the word is how much data travels down the path The data is binary 1’s and 0’s The bigger the path, the more data can travel at the same time
Multiprocessing, Multiple Processors and Dual-Core Processing pg.173
Multiprocessing is a processor working on many things at the same time Multiple processor systems are systems that use more than one processor on the motherboard Dual-Core processing means that a processor has more than one core on the housing A core = a processor
Memory Cache pg.174
Memory that is on the processor and is used to store micro code and instructions Uses static RAM Static RAM can hold data without needing to be refreshed There are 3 levels of cache
Levels of Cache Memory Cache
Location of Cache
Level 1
L1 cache is on the processor die. All processors today have L1 cache.
Level 2
L2 cache is on the processor housing but not as close as L1 cache.
Level 3
L3 cache is on the processor housing but it is further than L2 cache.
Instruction Set and Microcode Groups of instructions that are used to perform basic tasks like adding two numbers are called microcode Altogether they are called instruction sets Common sets are: RISC CISC EPIC
The INTEL Processors
Overview of the Pentium Family of Processors
Older Pentiums No Longer Sold By Pentium
CELERON pg.181
Pentium 4
Mobile Pentium Processors
Xeon Processors
The Itaniums
AMD Processors
Older AMD Processors
Current AMD Processors
VIA and CYRIX Processors
Processor Packages pg.185 ď Ž
The processor housing is called the processor package
Flat and Thin Processor Packages pg.185
Thin processor package PPGA-Plastic Pin Grid Array PGA- Pin Grid Array ZIF- Zero Insertion Force FC-PGA – Flip Chip Pin Grid Array mPGA – has 478 pins, used by Celeron and Pentium 4 FC-LGA775 – Flip Chip Lands Grid Array
Cartridge Processor Packages
SECC – Single Edge Contact Cartridge SEP – Single Edge Processor PAC – Pin Array Cartridge used by Itanium processors
Processor Sockets and Slots pg.188
PGA SPGA LAN SECC SLOT 1
SLOT A Sockets LIF ZIF
Types of Sockets
Types of Slots
The Chipset pg.190
North Bridge: Memory controller hub South Bridge: Input and Output hub Assist the processor in performing its duties
Heat Sinks and Cooling Fans pg.193
Virtual Lab Hands On
Install a processor – Virtual Labs (Demo) Using thermal paste pg.195-196 (Demo and Assignment)