B S c
U n i v e r s i t y o f B a t h | Y e a r 4 A r c h i t e c t u r a l S t u d i e s 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION
3. TECTONIC
1.1 Brief 1.2 Site Analysis 1.3 History of Market 1.4 Precedents 1.5 Food and Nature 1.6 Design Development
3.1 Material Palette 3.2 Constructional Section 3.3 Details
2. DESIGN 2.1 Plans 2.2 Exploded Perspective 2.3 Design Diagrams 2.4 Spatial Relationships 2.5 Sections 2.6 Elevations 2.7 Visuals 2.8 Model photos
4. STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES 4.1 Main Structure 4.2 Construction sequence
5. ENVIRONMENTAL 5.1 Environmental Section 5.2 Roof environmental concept 5.3 Lighting, Cooling and heating
Introduction
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Brief
The project is to create a 'Food Station' on the eastern side of Bristol Temple Meads Train Station. The title 'Food Station' is derived from the nature of the building's function in relation to food as well as its proximity to Bristol Temple Meads station. 'Station' could denote a place for stopping as well as a place which holds a specific function. The brief calls for a large market hall, a wholesale, a restaurant, a private dining space, a bar, a bakery as well as education facilities and demonstration kitchens. Besides providing shelter to these facilities, more fundamentally the brief questions the importance of food in society today. Through the evolution of the traditonal market hall to the new typology of the supermarket, everything even the food process seems to be of a systematic, machine controlled process. It is almost inhuman and unnatural to choose and eat our daily apples from a packaged bag of six bought from our local supermarket. As a team, we want our Food Station to represent the core values of food. Food is an universal language for bringing people together and we want to tranform this part of Bristol into a food hub, a food station showcasing the stages of food production, distribution, consumption and waste recycling. It should be a place for social interaction as well as a distraction from the urban lifestyle. To do this we think it is essential to reconnect people to the source of food - Nature. We want our building to be a landmark, the essential stop/terminus for buying and sharing food.
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Bristol Macro - relation to city
Bristol has been amongst the country's largest and most economically and culturally important cities since the thirteenth century. The city centre of Bristol was established in a U-shaped section of the River Avon, which is also where the two streams meets. The city grew up along the banks of the Rivers Avon and Frome.
Site
Edge of city
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business
live,work, leisure gateway
ecological corridor
The site is located outside the edge of city, with Bristol Temple Meads Railway Station to its west and River Avon to its east. It also sits at the junction of the two streams of River Avon. This part of Bristol is planed to be divided into four zone and the site is at the heart of the Enterprise Zone. We believe with its adjecent railway station, the site will become a new centre for Bristol.
A new centre
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Macro site The new centre
Access to site
Greenery across the city The site can be accessed either by water or by road. The ferry route extends along the River Avon, through the city centre and destinates at Temple Meads station.
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Outdoor social spaces are dispersed around the city however none can be accessed by foot for the reasonable walking time of 20 minutes.
Existing food markets
Supermarket distribution
St. Nicholas market as the biggest food market in Bristol is almost threeminute walk from the sit. There are rarely any markets near the Temple Meads.
There are lots of local supermarkets in the city centre, while the large ones are located outside the city, but none are around the site. Our market will provide the nearby people a new level of food shopping experiences from the conventional supermarkets.
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Meso site Analysis
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Access to site
Existing grid of Parcel Force building
Axis- site bounded by railway and river Avon
-Potential Entrances
-Potential to reuse existing structural and existing materials - wood from the wood recycling place could aid energy generation of the new building by using biomass
-Building or roof of building could follow the axis of site
Important views to site
Sunlight
River water
-no prominent back of building anywhere
-Southern part is good for planting/allotment and social spaces
-River could be used as a form of transportation -Water could also be used to water vegetation
-Northern part is good for offices -Market should be protected from south light to prevent food from going off
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History of market Rural places - local
Urban places
Shelter - sharing ground floor of town-hall
Markets started off in rural areas with small groups of people setting up stalls to exchange goods. These are generally local and within their own communities/areas
As more goods are required or desired, people started to bring their goods to more urban places. More stalls are set up there to fulfil the needs
The markets became bigger and bigger. They required shelter. So they sharing the ground floor of public buildings such as the town-hall
M.J.Cullen opened King Kullen, NY, US 1930
18,000+ total supermarkets in the UK
Astor Market New York, US 1915-1917
S U P E R M A R K E T e v o l u ti o n
Premier Supermarkets, Streatham, South London, UK 1951
500 Medieval marketplace
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1600
1700
1800
market house due to rise of burghs
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1950
town hall over markets
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2005
2010
farmers market 1990s
M A R K E T e v o l u ti o n covered markets urban argriculture 1990s
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modern market with large span
Shelter - own establishment
The space was no longer sufficient. They required their own establishment - a centralised protected environment dedicated to food stalls. Market halls are these sociable spaces with all the stalls under one roof Instead of individual stalls with individual owners, the supermarket provides all these products at once. With efficiency and convenience suiting the modern lifestyle, buying food is no longer a sociable event. The choices and quantities are also limited to what's on the shelf
Future - reconnect with nature
Many supermarkets nowadays are introducing aspects of the traditional market such as the bakery, butchers and fresh fish sections hoping to entice customers with the smell of freshly baked bread and what seems like very fresh meat and fish. However no matter how hard they try to copy a market, there will also be a sense of detachment between people and people and people and food. Millions of tonnes of food are wasted in the UK and one reason for this is that people no longer appreciate food. They don't know where they come from and how difficult it is to produce it and partly this was down to the establishment of the supermarket.
We think the way forward is not to develop based on the supermarket model but from the original market (Rural markets) where food is displayed in their natural environment under the sun. A light, translucent shelter on top of the stalls in order to protect the people and food from the elements whilst at the same time still boundary-less from the external environment
Then what is the next step forward?
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Precedents
The Public Farm project demonstrates the validity of small-scale farms in the over-crowded urban space. It appears to be more friendly and reachable for the public compared with the overly popular vertical farming.
The RTP/RPD. Studios in Lisbon shows the dematerialision of a concrete facade by applying fritted glass panels in front of it. The method gives a special sense of lightness and tranparency to a relatively heavy material.
The Casablance Sustainable Market Square in Morocco created a public space in addition to its market attribute allows maximum circulation and recycling by using massive tree structure. Its great open space provides adequate flexibility for the people who visit and shop here.
The stalls in Besiktas Fish Market are arranged accourding to the natural movement of people, to provide maximum access points for the public
The decorative structure of Prostho Museum Research Center creates a space full of natural light which makes people feel like being both inside and outside.
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Food
The stones scattered on top of the Coverage of Archaelogical Ruins of the Abbey of St. Maurice expresses a sense of merging from below to above and from inside to outside.
Transparency
The simple and yet cascading grid structure of Wexner Centre for the Arts in Ohio attemps to re-sew the university back into the city.
Flexibility People are the core element for the success of a market. The apartments on the upper levels of Rotterdam Market Hall provide a direct and strong connection for the residents and market below.
People
The traditional Victorian market hall uses limited skylights to light up a vast space blow its solid roof.
Light 13
Food and Nature The essence of agriculture begins with conversion of solar energy through the living process of photosynthesis. Throughout nearly all of human history, both food and farming were considered sacred. Farmers prayed for rain, hoped for plentiful sunshine and gave thanks to God when they had a bountiful harvest. Man relied on nature and was close to nature. Nowadays for many, farming and food are still sacred. But for many more, farming has become just another business and food just something else to buy. The pleasure of selecting the juiciest apples from your local store and chatting to the guy behind the counter has turned to buying a supermarket takeaway on the way home from work and eating it whilst watching the telly. Man no longer cares about food and man no longer appreciates what nature offers. In order to remind people of the sacredness of food and nature, we want our building to act as a frame with the continuous change in nature as the artwork beyond. We want the interior to blend into the exterior, the gentleness of nature flowing into the softness of the space, and light creating a subtle modulation within. We want to use engineering of the building to create an aura that solidifies sensibly where the inner and outer worlds meet and everything happening underneath the sun.
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Design development
existing site 16
access to site
fragmenting the original
relationship of functions
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Following the grid of the existing foundations, our roof started off as being of a square modular system. In order to bring nature closer, we varied the position, rotation, height of the individual modular in order to create gaps between them to let light seep through. The end result is just the bare framework stripped from everything else.
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zoning of functions
zoning of functions
integrated strategy 17
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Design
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Site plan @1-5000
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Exploded Perspective
Eating Cooking
Trading
Growing
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Roof plan @1-500 Private Outdoor / Garden space for the restaurant, private dining, wine bar and the function room
Outdoor Market / Temporary exhibition space hard surface easier for the pop-up markets to be set up and taken away
Allotments on the southern part of site to gain more sunlight for the vegetation. The planted vegetation is seasonal. This area also becomes part of the community and educational space for both residences and the public Hard surface allowing cycling and pedestrian access across soft surfaces
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Basement Plan @1-200 1 Storage for wholesale 2 Wholesale market 3 Recycling plant
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Ground Floor Plan @1-200
The arrangement of stalls is based on different categories of food the stalls offer, so that whenever one stands in the market hall, he/she will always experience different types of food. We believe in such way, people can experience as much about food as possible.
1 Wine storage 2 Cool Chamber 3 Freezer room 4 Microbrewery and service corridor 5 Operations office 6 Refuse 7 Market apprentice 8 Storage for admin 9 Legal office 10 Trustees room 11 Wholesale/pop-up market 12 Demo kitchen 13 Perminent market stalls 14 Pop-up stalls 15 Plant room 16 Cafe and library 17 Residential Access 18 Hart bakery and educational access 19 Soup kitchen 20 Food bank
FIRST Floor Plan @1-200 16 Cafe and library 21 Residence common room
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Second Floor Plan @1-200
1 Wine bar 2 Private dining 3 Restaurant 4 Function room 5 Food Terrace 6 Open Kitchen 7 Admin reception 8 Manager’s office 9 Publicity room 10 Seminar room 11 Meeting room 12 Office 13 Teaching room 14 Education reception 15 Teaching kitchen
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Space diagram
overlooking allotments and market hall
teaching kitchen
open kitchen to serve terrace space
Service Circulation Recidential Circulation Education Circulation Truck Circulationav
market hall
residential
community space
service
dining
wholesales
Admin
education
open kitchen 30
overlooking market hall
shelves can be pushed into storage space to make room for pop-up markets
educational social area
seating shared between Hart bakery and market
wholesales
seating shared between soup kitchen and demo kitchen
Hart bakery
soup kitchen 31
Circulation
Service Circulation Recidential Circulation Education Circulation Truck Circulationav
Circulation 32
Fire Escape
Market/wholesale operation
Early morning
Daytime
Evening
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Section A-A @1-200
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Section B-B @1-200
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Perspective section
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Elevations
East Elevations
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North Elevations
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Scenes
festival along the bank
dinner +bar
bear brewery afternoon tea
learning to cook
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trading food
cultivation
Morning exercises and a bit allotment cultivation
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festival along the bank
dinner +bar
bear brewery afternoon tea
learning to cook
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trading food
cultivation
A bustling day in the market hall
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festival along the bank
dinner +bar
bear brewery afternoon tea
learning to cook
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trading food
cultivation
A lovely day to learn how to cook better
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festival along the bank
dinner +bar
bear brewery afternoon tea
learning to cook
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trading food
cultivation
Take a lunch break on the terrace after morning work
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festival along the bank
dinner +bar
bear brewery afternoon tea
learning to cook
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trading food
cultivation
This is how beer is produced
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festival along the bank
dinner +bar
bear brewery afternoon tea
learning to cook
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trading food
cultivation
Watch the starry sky after a fabulous dinner
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festival along the bank
dinner +bar
bear brewery afternoon tea
learning to cook
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trading food
cultivation
We are rowing to the Food Festival!
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Tectonics
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Material palette Three main types of materials are utilised in this building: concrete and the combination of lightweight steel and etfe. The heavy concrete forms the lower part of the building giving the illusion of the ground being pushed up in order to meet the roof. The texture and nature of the concrete gets smoother as one progresses upwards in the building. The lightweight steel structure sits calmed at the top free from any disturbance from down below.
Rough concrete White polished concrete
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Rough vertical-textured concrete is used to give a sense of earth when used for the walls under the ground level
ETFE membrane
The ultra lightweight ETFE membrane provides a sense of transparency and lightness due to its elastic property
White steel hollow sections Mixed concrete panels
The solid wall seems to start demateiralising by breaking the entire concrete wall into pieces, which acts as a mediator for the ground and roof
Colour white is to help stimulate a sense of neutral, which makes people tend to focus on the surroundings than the structure itself.
white timber decking
w h i te t i m b e r d e c k i n g w i t h various length seems to melt into the landscape seemlessly as well as keeping its fineness
Concrete footsteps
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Constructional section
1
2 1. 150mm recycled concrete 35mm leveling layer drainage gutter 10mm steel channel damp proof membrane 200mm concrete slab 2. 340mm recycled concrete damp proof membrance 140mm thermal insulation 14mm screed 36mm concrete 8mm toughed glass
3. 50 mm polished concrete 80mm concrete w/ underfloor heating pipes vapour barrier 135mm thermal insulation 280mm concrete slab hardcore
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Facade detail
Facade joint detail
Restaurant-outdoor floor detail
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ETFE detail
Roof structure joints 1. 100/10mm steel hollow section double layer ETFE membrane w/ fritted pattern water spray unit 2. 50mm screed 85mm reinforced concrete damp proof membrane 150mm thermal and sound insulation 200mm reinforced concrete 2
0m
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Strut-ground connection
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1. 30mm white plaster board 80mm rigid insulation 100mm reinforced concrete 60mm x 70mm steel clamp 10/100 mm steel hollow section 2. 30mm screed finish 100mm reinforced concrete w/ underfloor heating 2 x25mm acoustic insulation sheet 20 mm plaster board
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0m
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Structural strategies
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Main structure
Roof Cover (ETFE) a light layer of etfe for shelter with pv panels attached to them
Roof Structure (Steel) spaced at 2m x 2m with no crossing bracing the struts form the structure for the market
Steel Strut Structure Structural Areas The design of this market space results in there being three key structural areas to consider: • The lightweight roof structure • The basement level and ground floor of the market area • The north face block Each area is structurally analysed in order to allow loads to be carried through to the ground. Logically the light weight roof structures the first that needs to be analysed as its loads must be carried by the other two structural areas.
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they act as structural columns for the roof above as well as for environmental purposes such as for stack ventilation and concealing service pipes
Concrete Structure (Basement) we are using the existing 9m x 9m grid of the Parcel Force building columns but with additional columns added in order to supports the roof structure
Light rods ETFE cushion
Roof
Steel roof structure Light rods
Roof Structure
Roof ETFE cushion Glass windows Concrete column 75
Construction Method Stage 1-6:
Demolish Parcel Force building until the basement level.
Excavation of the tunnel to the basement. Piles are bored. Strip foundations are laid on east, west and north side.
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Concrete is to be cast on basement level.
Columns are to be erected and pre-cast nonstructural walls are fixed
The north block start to commence while waiting for the basement to be consolidated
The chimneys layers of 2 metre height are to be connected to the ground first, followed by other sections are craned into position and fixed on site. The facade will be constructed in the same way.
The roof structure is welded on the ground with ETFE bolted into place. Construction will start from the mid of the span towards the four adjacent chimneys.
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Environmental strategies
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Environmental secton Rain
Natural Stack Ventilation -
PV panels are embedded in the etfe pillows to protect them from weather
etfe pillows are fitted with patterns. They inflate and in order to control the am solar gain/loss
Energy from P reused within Any excess is the national gri Rain water collection for the whole roof through the structural 'trees'. The water is collected in water tanks in toilets and the plant rooms CO emissions from car exhausts are ventilated through the structural 'tree'
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Water tank
Electricity Plant
Bioma Plant
h fritted d deflate mount of
PV panels are n the building. sent back to id
AHU used during winter months when natural ventilation loses too much heat energy
Natural cross ventiilation
Underfloor heating, laid in screed, allowing for steady temperature regulation in the restaurant as well as private dining, wine bar and function room
Energy from microbrewery goes to the biomass plant and energy is reused in the building
Mains water
ass
Ground source heat pump heats up the water and circulates it within the building
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Roof Lighting
ETFE
The lighting is attached to the roof structure. During the day its embeded solar cells absorb solar energy, which is released at night for the LED lights in the tubes. At night, the building becomes a glowing landmark in the city of Bristol.
The ETFE cushion is fitted with a fritted pattern, which provides solar shading when it's deflated, while allow maximum day light when fully inflated. The water sprinklers between each ETFE cushion can clean the roof when needed as well as melt snow in the winter. Air pump Air pump
LedlightLedlight Solar cells Solar cells Battery
Battery Ledlight
Ledlight
Air pump
PV supports Air pump
Air pump
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PV supports Air pump
Melting
Solar cells Battery Ledlight Roof grid
Chimney
Floor
Envirionmentally the chimney serves multiple functions, such as for ventilation and to hold service pipes. The chimeny is divided into four equal sections: ventilation for basement, ventilation for market and ventilation for demo kitchen. It also holds water Air pump pipes and lighting wires.
water collection points water grid
PV supports Air pump Melting
air pump positions air pump grid
Lighting positions light grid
ventilation of ventilation Ventilation stack Stack Effect basement
of basement
chimney of demo Cheminey kitchen
of Demo Kitchen
transparent water Transparent pipes
Water Pipe
Combined grid roof grid
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Environmental strategies. Summer Cooling Indoor Environmental quality
Summer Cooling
Ventilation systems
Heating
Thermal mass
Cooling
mass provided . The thermal mass provided the North block and South. The thermal Chilled ceilings windows in the North block andwindows South in Chilled ceilings roof structures will deflate by the ETFE concrete by the concrete structures openedfrom at night Displacement ventilation is sheltered the rain by the ETFE roof Mix ventilation strategy are opened at night The market are and the frit pattern and the prevailing winds by the semi opened faรงade.
. The thermal mass provided by the concrete structures will absorb the solar heat gain and casual gains. Chilled ceilings will be utilised in rooms which require extra cooling to absorb radiated heat from casual gains.
Heating
ETFE water roof will deflateconcrete sprinkle water underfloor heating sprinkle ground floor and the frit pattern by the ground source heat pumps is naturally cooled to remove the heat at night
concrete floor spaces admin andground educational is naturally are heated with electric radiators cooled to remove the heat at night
. The thermal mass provided by the concrete structures will absorb the solar heat gain and casual gains. Chilled ceilings will be utilised in rooms which require extra cooling to absorb radiated heat from casual gains.
. The thermal mass provided by the concrete structures will absorb the solar heat gain and casual gains. Chilled ceilings will be utilised in rooms which require extra cooling to absorb radiated heat from casual gains.
Natural light Artificial light
natural cross/displacement ventilation stack ventilation
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concrete walls and floor with high embodied thermal energy
concrete ground floor is naturally cooled to remove the heat at night
maximise solar heat gain
underfloor heating central heating
he ETFE roof ened faรงade.
Acoustics
Lighting
Energy
Solar PV panels
Acoustics
Mix ventilation strategy
Energy
sound insulation
noise at night
Microbrewery
Biogas-powered
Ground Source Heat Pump
in the market as the noise creates the social atmosphere
2618 kWh 55948 kWh
3660 kWh
19754 kWh
quiet
noisy Natural light Artificial light
Natural light Artificial light
35132 kWh
Renewable Energy The spaces that need a quiet condition are placed at the top of our building and away from the market.
Energy Consumption
Amount of energy gained from newable sources in comparision with the energy consumption.
Spaces without natural light are storage space or spaces that need to be used in a controlled lighting condition.
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