Design for Social Development

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY

JURY PRESENTATION | DISSERTATION

DESIGN FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: DEAFNESS IN NILGIRIS TANYA MATHEW Master of Design (Design Space) 2015-2017 Faculty Guide: Mr. Nitin Kulkarni, Assistant Professor

Communication Design & Human-Centered Design

Deaf People who have suffered from hearing loss from an early stage of life and use sign language to communicate.

Design Indian Sign Language Visual language using gestures, facial expressions and hand movements

Hearing

Whose sense of hearing is at a medical norm.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE DEAF DEMOGRAPHICS & GOVT. SUPPORT

1

THE DEAF CULTURAL IDENTITY

INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE: A VISUAL LANGUAGE

2

3

DESIGNING FOR THE DEAF

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ADOPTING RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

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SOCIAL INTERACTIONS B/W DEAF & HEARING

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE: HEADINGS & REFERENCES

1. DEAF DEMOGRAPHICS AND CULTURAL IDENTITY

Vasishta, M., Woodward, J., & Santis, S. D. (1980). An introduction to Indian sign language: (Focus on Delhi). New Delhi: All India Federation of the Deaf.

Padden, C., & Humphries, T. (1988). Deaf in America: Voices from a culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Eckert, R. C. (2010). Toward a Theory of Deaf Ethnos: Deafnicity ≈ D/deaf (Hómaemon • Homóglosson • Homóthreskon). Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 15(4), 317–333. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ stable/43666262 Hymes, D. (1967), Models of the Interaction of Language and Social Setting. Journal of Social Issues, 23: 8–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1967.tb00572.x

● 'deaf' & 'Deaf'

Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall.

● Cultural Identity

Sabatello, M. (2005). Disability, cultural minorities and international law: Reconsidering the case of the deaf community.

Whittier Law Review, 26, 1025-1051.

● Linguistic Minority

Friedner, M.. (2008). On Flat and Round Worlds: Deaf Communities in Bangalore. Economic and Political Weekly, 43(38), 17–21. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40277967

● Deaf Worlds

Friedner, M. (2015). Valuing deaf worlds in urban India. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Gordon, R. G., & Grimes, B. F. (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world. Dallas, TX: SIL International.

Lane, H. (2005). Ethnicity, Ethics, and the Deaf-World. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 10(3), 291–310.

Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42658765

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2. INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE: A VISUAL LANGUAGE

Jill Jepson. (1991). Urban and Rural Sign Language in India. Language in Society, 20(1), 37–57. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4168208

● Components

Zeshan, U. (2000). Sign language in Indo-Pakistan: A description of a signed language. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub

● Visuality ● UISL

Zeeshan Keating, E. and Mirus, G. (2003), Examining Interactions across Language Modalities: Deaf Children and Hearing Peers at School. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34: 115–135. doi:10.1525/aeq.2003.34.2.115

Mohay, H. (1982). A Preliminary Description of the Communication Systems Evolved by Two Deaf Children in the Absence of a Sign Language Model. Sign Language Studies, 1034(1), 73-90.

Morgan, Michael. (2008) Deaf and Sign Language in India: Problems, Awareness and M3 Solutions.

Stokoe, W. C. (1980). Sign Language Structure. Annual Review of Anthropology, 9, 365–390. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155741

3. SOCIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DEAF AND HEARING PERSONS

Hankins, R. C. (2015). Social Interaction Between Deaf And Hearing People (Unpublished master’s thesis). The University of Mississippi.

Ostrove, Joan and Oliva, Gina. (2010). “Identifying allies explorations of deaf-hearing relationships.” In S. Burch and A. Kafer, Deaf and disability studies: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press, 2010. 105-117.

Scheetz, N. A. (2004). Psychosocial aspects of deafness / Nanci A. Scheetz. Boston, MA: Pearson/A & B, c2004.

Marschark, M., Young, A., & Lukomski, J. (2002). Perspectives on Inclusion. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 7(3), 187–188. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42658614

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4. ADOPTING RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES ● Grounded Theory ● Rural Communication ● HCD, PAR

Buchanan, R. (2001). Human Dignity and Human Rights: Thoughts on the Principles of Human-Centered Design.

Design Issues, 17(3), 35-39. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1511799 Gibson, J. (2008). Group Identities and Theories of Justice: An Experimental Investigation into the Justice and Injustice of Land Squatting in South Africa. The Journal of Politics, 70(3), 700-716.

Bahl, N. (2010). An Artistic Road to Rural Communication. The Rural Marketing Journal.

Dahiya, R., & Ray, M. (2012). Dekho: conversations on design in India, 2012. Gurgaon, Haryana: Codesign Brand Consultants.

Henn, M., Weinstein, M., Foard, N., & Henn, M. (2009). A critical introduction to social research. London: Sage.

Wheeldon, J., & Ahlberg, M. (2012). Visualising social science research: Maps, Methods, & Meaning. SAGE. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2016). Qualitative interviewing: the art of hearing data. Los Angeles: Sage.

5. DESIGNING FOR THE DEAF

Herrod, L. (2008, August 12). Deafness and the User Experience. Retrieved August 25, 2016, from http://alistapart.com/article/ deafnessandtheuserexperience T., Byrd. (2007). Deaf Space. Gallaudet Today.

Young, A. M., Ackerman, J., & Kyle, J. G.. (2000). On Creating a Workable Signing Environment: Deaf and Hearing Perspectives.

Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 5(2), 186–195. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42658543 Gupta, Asha. (2014) Development Of A Visual Communication Design Dictionary To Bridge The Communication Gap Between Hearing And Deaf People In Design Education Environment. Graduate. National Institute of Fashion Technology, Mumbai, India.

Chatterjee, A.. (1983). Design for Communication: The NID Experience. India International Centre Quarterly, 10(2), 216–225.

Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23001646

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FRAMING RESEARCH PROBLEM Why is there disconnect between the hearing and deaf community?

Why do hearing people struggle to communicate when they meet a deaf person?

What problems do the deaf face in living in a hearing world?

What is Indian Sign Language in rural India?

What is the scope of design in positive intervention?

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G N I D L I U B Y R O E H T D E D N U

GR

O

Glaser and Strauss, 1967.

Identify RESEARCH INTEREST.

COLLECT Data.

Analyse & Identify THEMES.

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

CONNECT themes to existing research.

Draw conclusions & construct theories.

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HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN PROCESS

EMPATHY

DEFINE

INSPIRATION Observe lives. Understand the people.

IDEATE

IDEATION Identify opportunities.

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

PROTOTYPE

TEST

IMPLEMENT

IMPLEMENTATION Bring solution to life and maximise its impact.

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DELHI (NCR) RESEARCH LOCATION

Noida Deaf Society Hearken C. Atulyakala Expert Interviews

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

BANGALORE KARNATAKA Presented at National Seminar on 'Women Empowerment & Design' on Ambedkar Jayanti at NIFT, Bangalore

NILGIRIS TAMIL NADU ASHWINI: Nilgiri Tribals

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ASHWINI

Gudalur, Nilgiris

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8 AREA CENTREs Erumad Ayyankolly Pattavayal Devarshola Sri Madurai Gudalur Pandalur Devala

Ayyankolly

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

Sri Madurai

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CASE STUDIES FIELD VISITS

1) Specific situations are very different.

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

2) Therapists have to deal with different emotional challenges.

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SATISH Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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Father helping Satish with his Hearing Aids.

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Satish with his teacher at school.

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Design Prototyping for Data Collection

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VISUAL FOR DEAF CHILD

VISUAL FOR TEACHER Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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COLLECTING OBJECTS FROM THE HOME

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THEMES

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CHILD

Identifying the community

Who do we empower?

PARENT

TEACHER

VOLUNTEER Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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DATA Synthesis Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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CASE STUDIES: DEAF TRIBALS Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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INSIGHT MAP Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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REDEFINED BRIEF

How might we design information to help parents interact with their deaf child through sign language to better understand their needs and development.

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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WHO & HOW

Distributed and replicated

BASIC SIGNS

Trained with tools of speech therapy, and for ease of explaining

Retained by parents

VISUAL CONCEPTS

TOOL FOR HEALTH ANIMATORS HELPING PARENTS

CATERS TO DIFF. LEVELS OF DEAFNESS

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

FRAMEWORKS

Cater to all literacy levels

CREATING

tangible

WHAT

Flash card set: therapy words

Explaining sign usage in hearing world

HOW TO USE SIGN LANGUAGE HEARING AID USE

Why, how, time benefits

MAPPING LANGUAGE TO MEANING HOW WILL IT HELP APPLYING IN DAILY LIFE

Cards, treasure basket

Benefits, exercises

Consistensy, fun

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DESIGNER

HEALTH ANIMATOR Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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FLASH CARDS Vis u the al fo SIG r N

VOLUNTEER/HEALTH ANIMATOR/PARENT

Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

al of u s i V ent r e f re ord w e th

DEAF TRIBAL

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Character Development

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Point at moustache.

Instructions on how to sign

Sign Representation

Clothing Colour represents category (for easy arrangement)

MAN

Words & Category

RELATIONS Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017

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CATEGORIES Father is the first man in one's life.

Bring your hand to your mouth.

FATHER RELATIONS

Point at your teeth.

Move your finger forward as if you are pecking.

EAT

WHITE

HEN

ACTIONS

COLOURS

ANIMALS

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VISUAL LANGUAGE

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HUMAN

cENTERED

DESIGN

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Design Facilitation

Empowering Communities

Design & Social Mobilisation

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Design should emerge from Data Design for Grassroots

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DESIGN HAS TO BE

FACILITATED

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VISUALS CAN BE SHARED WITH EVERYONE

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SIGN LANGUAGE IS NOT JUST FOR DEAF TRIBALS

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True intervention in a social system has to be a system itself.

Communication Design is not just a tool to achieve an end, but is embedded in the entire process.

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We spend a lot time designing the bridge, but not enough time thinking about the people who are crossing it.

DESIGN FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: DEAFNESS IN NILGIRIS

BLOG signdontsigh.wordpress.com EMAIL tanya.mathew@nift.ac.in