NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY
JURY PRESENTATION | DISSERTATION
DESIGN FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: DEAFNESS IN NILGIRIS TANYA MATHEW Master of Design (Design Space) 2015-2017 Faculty Guide: Mr. Nitin Kulkarni, Assistant Professor
Communication Design & Human-Centered Design
Deaf People who have suffered from hearing loss from an early stage of life and use sign language to communicate.
Design Indian Sign Language Visual language using gestures, facial expressions and hand movements
Hearing
Whose sense of hearing is at a medical norm.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE DEAF DEMOGRAPHICS & GOVT. SUPPORT
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THE DEAF CULTURAL IDENTITY
INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE: A VISUAL LANGUAGE
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3
DESIGNING FOR THE DEAF
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ADOPTING RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
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SOCIAL INTERACTIONS B/W DEAF & HEARING
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE: HEADINGS & REFERENCES
1. DEAF DEMOGRAPHICS AND CULTURAL IDENTITY
Vasishta, M., Woodward, J., & Santis, S. D. (1980). An introduction to Indian sign language: (Focus on Delhi). New Delhi: All India Federation of the Deaf. Padden, C., & Humphries, T. (1988). Deaf in America: Voices from a culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Eckert, R. C. (2010). Toward a Theory of Deaf Ethnos: Deafnicity ≈ D/deaf (Hómaemon • Homóglosson • Homóthreskon). Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 15(4), 317–333. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ stable/43666262 Hymes, D. (1967), Models of the Interaction of Language and Social Setting. Journal of Social Issues, 23: 8–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1967.tb00572.x
● 'deaf' & 'Deaf'
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall.
● Cultural Identity
Sabatello, M. (2005). Disability, cultural minorities and international law: Reconsidering the case of the deaf community. Whittier Law Review, 26, 1025-1051.
● Linguistic Minority
Friedner, M.. (2008). On Flat and Round Worlds: Deaf Communities in Bangalore. Economic and Political Weekly, 43(38), 17–21. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40277967
● Deaf Worlds
Friedner, M. (2015). Valuing deaf worlds in urban India. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Gordon, R. G., & Grimes, B. F. (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world. Dallas, TX: SIL International. Lane, H. (2005). Ethnicity, Ethics, and the Deaf-World. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 10(3), 291–310. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42658765
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2. INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE: A VISUAL LANGUAGE
Jill Jepson. (1991). Urban and Rural Sign Language in India. Language in Society, 20(1), 37–57. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4168208
● Components
Zeshan, U. (2000). Sign language in Indo-Pakistan: A description of a signed language. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub
● Visuality ● UISL
Zeeshan Keating, E. and Mirus, G. (2003), Examining Interactions across Language Modalities: Deaf Children and Hearing Peers at School. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34: 115–135. doi:10.1525/aeq.2003.34.2.115
Mohay, H. (1982). A Preliminary Description of the Communication Systems Evolved by Two Deaf Children in the Absence of a Sign Language Model. Sign Language Studies, 1034(1), 73-90. Morgan, Michael. (2008) Deaf and Sign Language in India: Problems, Awareness and M3 Solutions. Stokoe, W. C. (1980). Sign Language Structure. Annual Review of Anthropology, 9, 365–390. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155741
3. SOCIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DEAF AND HEARING PERSONS
Hankins, R. C. (2015). Social Interaction Between Deaf And Hearing People (Unpublished master’s thesis). The University of Mississippi. Ostrove, Joan and Oliva, Gina. (2010). “Identifying allies explorations of deaf-hearing relationships.” In S. Burch and A. Kafer, Deaf and disability studies: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press, 2010. 105-117. Scheetz, N. A. (2004). Psychosocial aspects of deafness / Nanci A. Scheetz. Boston, MA: Pearson/A & B, c2004. Marschark, M., Young, A., & Lukomski, J. (2002). Perspectives on Inclusion. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 7(3), 187–188. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42658614
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4. ADOPTING RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES ● Grounded Theory ● Rural Communication ● HCD, PAR
Buchanan, R. (2001). Human Dignity and Human Rights: Thoughts on the Principles of Human-Centered Design. Design Issues, 17(3), 35-39. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1511799 Gibson, J. (2008). Group Identities and Theories of Justice: An Experimental Investigation into the Justice and Injustice of Land Squatting in South Africa. The Journal of Politics, 70(3), 700-716. Bahl, N. (2010). An Artistic Road to Rural Communication. The Rural Marketing Journal. Dahiya, R., & Ray, M. (2012). Dekho: conversations on design in India, 2012. Gurgaon, Haryana: Codesign Brand Consultants. Henn, M., Weinstein, M., Foard, N., & Henn, M. (2009). A critical introduction to social research. London: Sage. Wheeldon, J., & Ahlberg, M. (2012). Visualising social science research: Maps, Methods, & Meaning. SAGE. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2016). Qualitative interviewing: the art of hearing data. Los Angeles: Sage.
5. DESIGNING FOR THE DEAF
Herrod, L. (2008, August 12). Deafness and the User Experience. Retrieved August 25, 2016, from http://alistapart.com/article/ deafnessandtheuserexperience T., Byrd. (2007). Deaf Space. Gallaudet Today. Young, A. M., Ackerman, J., & Kyle, J. G.. (2000). On Creating a Workable Signing Environment: Deaf and Hearing Perspectives. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 5(2), 186–195. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42658543 Gupta, Asha. (2014) Development Of A Visual Communication Design Dictionary To Bridge The Communication Gap Between Hearing And Deaf People In Design Education Environment. Graduate. National Institute of Fashion Technology, Mumbai, India. Chatterjee, A.. (1983). Design for Communication: The NID Experience. India International Centre Quarterly, 10(2), 216–225. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23001646
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FRAMING RESEARCH PROBLEM Why is there disconnect between the hearing and deaf community? Why do hearing people struggle to communicate when they meet a deaf person? What problems do the deaf face in living in a hearing world? What is Indian Sign Language in rural India? What is the scope of design in positive intervention?
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G N I D L I U B Y R O E H T D E D N U
GR
O
Glaser and Strauss, 1967.
Identify RESEARCH INTEREST.
COLLECT Data.
Analyse & Identify THEMES.
Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
CONNECT themes to existing research.
Draw conclusions & construct theories.
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HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN PROCESS
EMPATHY
DEFINE
INSPIRATION Observe lives. Understand the people.
IDEATE
IDEATION Identify opportunities.
Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
PROTOTYPE
TEST
IMPLEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION Bring solution to life and maximise its impact.
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DELHI (NCR) RESEARCH LOCATION
Noida Deaf Society Hearken C. Atulyakala Expert Interviews
Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
BANGALORE KARNATAKA Presented at National Seminar on 'Women Empowerment & Design' on Ambedkar Jayanti at NIFT, Bangalore
NILGIRIS TAMIL NADU ASHWINI: Nilgiri Tribals
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Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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ASHWINI
Gudalur, Nilgiris
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8 AREA CENTREs Erumad Ayyankolly Pattavayal Devarshola Sri Madurai Gudalur Pandalur Devala
Ayyankolly
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Sri Madurai
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CASE STUDIES FIELD VISITS
1) Specific situations are very different.
Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
2) Therapists have to deal with different emotional challenges.
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SATISH Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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Father helping Satish with his Hearing Aids. Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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Satish with his teacher at school. Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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Design Prototyping for Data Collection
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VISUAL FOR DEAF CHILD
VISUAL FOR TEACHER Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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COLLECTING OBJECTS FROM THE HOME
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THEMES
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CHILD
Identifying the community
Who do we empower? PARENT
TEACHER
VOLUNTEER Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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DATA Synthesis Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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CASE STUDIES: DEAF TRIBALS Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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INSIGHT MAP Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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REDEFINED BRIEF
How might we design information to help parents interact with their deaf child through sign language to better understand their needs and development.
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WHO & HOW
Distributed and replicated
BASIC SIGNS
Trained with tools of speech therapy, and for ease of explaining
Retained by parents
VISUAL CONCEPTS
TOOL FOR HEALTH ANIMATORS HELPING PARENTS
CATERS TO DIFF. LEVELS OF DEAFNESS
Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
FRAMEWORKS
Cater to all literacy levels
CREATING
tangible
WHAT
Flash card set: therapy words
Explaining sign usage in hearing world
HOW TO USE SIGN LANGUAGE HEARING AID USE
Why, how, time benefits
MAPPING LANGUAGE TO MEANING HOW WILL IT HELP APPLYING IN DAILY LIFE
Cards, treasure basket
Benefits, exercises
Consistensy, fun
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DESIGNER
HEALTH ANIMATOR Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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FLASH CARDS Vis u the al fo SIG r N
VOLUNTEER/HEALTH ANIMATOR/PARENT
Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
al of u s i V ent r e f re ord w e th
DEAF TRIBAL
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Character Development
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Point at moustache.
Instructions on how to sign
Sign Representation
Clothing Colour represents category (for easy arrangement)
MAN
Words & Category
RELATIONS Design for Social Development: Deafness in Nilgris | TANYA MATHEW | Master of Design 2015-2017
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CATEGORIES Father is the first man in one's life.
Bring your hand to your mouth.
FATHER RELATIONS
Point at your teeth.
Move your finger forward as if you are pecking.
EAT
WHITE
HEN
ACTIONS
COLOURS
ANIMALS
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VISUAL LANGUAGE
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HUMAN
cENTERED
DESIGN
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Design Facilitation
Empowering Communities
Design & Social Mobilisation
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Design should emerge from Data Design for Grassroots
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DESIGN HAS TO BE
FACILITATED
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VISUALS CAN BE SHARED WITH EVERYONE
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SIGN LANGUAGE IS NOT JUST FOR DEAF TRIBALS
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True intervention in a social system has to be a system itself. Communication Design is not just a tool to achieve an end, but is embedded in the entire process.
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We spend a lot time designing the bridge, but not enough time thinking about the people who are crossing it.
DESIGN FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: DEAFNESS IN NILGIRIS
BLOG signdontsigh.wordpress.com EMAIL tanya.mathew@nift.ac.in