“ My buildings will be my legacy They will talk about me
“
long after I am gone
FRAMING THE DECAYING LEGACIES The case of Pune's Old town
Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment 35 Marylebone, London NW1 5LS T: +44 (0)2079115000 westminster.ac.uk
MA Architecture 2015-16 Pathway- Cultural Identity and Globalisation Candidate: Kalyani Kulkarni Thesis Guide: Samir Pandya Nasser Golzari
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies
Abstract Framing the decaying Legacies
India is a developing country with a strong cultural history. Today modernity and globalization is everywhere. Media-scape and Finance-scape are playing a major role in developing a global face for India. Global flow brings along new avenues, new opportunities and opens new vistas for imagination. The area affected the most by the global market is the core city centres which usually point the origin of the city. These city centres witness the growth of the city over time. The area marks the compilations of the history to every bit. Every layer added to the city over time reflects on what we are leaving behind to make ourselves fit in the global flow. These areas are the live examples of the rapid growth and transformation of the city. Arjun Appadurai is one of the leading theorist and anthropologist, his best known work ‘Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy’ (published in 1990) where Appadurai lays out his Meta theory of disjuncture. For him the ‘new global cultural economy has to be seen as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order’. This order is composed of different interrelated, yet disjunctive global cultural flows. Pune’ in the state of Maharashtra, the cultural capital. In a city like Pune (city close to Mumbai in India) is all about the inborn Maharashtiness and the attitude which is hard to follow, yet today the city stands in labyrinth where western cultures are flowing in making their way through the citizen’s heart putting the local cultures in the danger of disappearance? The local markets seem to dry out due to the upcoming malls, classical music concerts are not considered “cool” , festivals are more of a formality than tradition. The traditional markets are replaced by events like ‘Farmers choice- all organic food, traditional Holi is replaced with ‘HD Festival of colors with loud music. Today everyone is behind branding everything possible under the fancy of globalization. The question in front of us today is how to up rise from this cultural crises?
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies
Table of Content
Introduction
The land of Peshwas’s....................................................................................... 07 The British Rule- Colonial City of Pune........................................................11 Pune’s Heritage corridor ..................................................................................13
Urban Negligence
Shifting Realities..................................................................................................17
Changing Face
Old City Today......................................................................................................29 Globalisation and Pune.................................................................................... 33
Stategies
Mapping the City................................................................................................37 Exploring the rustic layers............................................................................... 45 Reviving Dead Cities- Case studies...............................................................55 Guidelines for future development..............................................................57
Conclusions....................................................................................................63 Credits Bibliography.....................................................................................................65 References.........................................................................................................66
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1. Introduction Introduction The land of Peshwas’ The British Rule- Colonial City of Pune The Heritage Corridor
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Introduction
Introduction The land of Peshwas’ Pune, is located 180km to the south east of Mumbai. Pune stands as the eighth largest city in the state of Maharashtra. In the last two decades Pune has experienced tremendous urban growth yet remains a place where one can find a perfect blend of past and the present. The vernacular architecture and the traditional customs make the city the cultural capital of the state. Pune is also known as the oxford of east due to the large number of high quality educational institutes, of which some date back to the British rule. Where on one side Pune portrays itself as a small old cultured rustic city on the other side Pune marks hosts the second largest InfoTech Parks with more than 200 global Software companies. This mixture of the old and new blend together to create the face of Pune. But due strong waves of globalization flowing through the city the old Pune city is facing a rapid decline.
The Pune City Identifying the reason of cultural decline in the city. Pune (IPA: [pune] English pronunciation: / pu;na-[6][7][8][9]) is the 9th most populous city in India and the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after the state capital Mumbai. Pune is also the 101st largest city in the world, by population. It is situated 560 metres (1,837 feet) above sea level on the Deccan plateau, on the right bank of the Mutha river.[11] Pune city is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire established by Shivaji Maharaj. In the 18th century, Pune became the political centre of the Indian subcontinent, as the seat of the Peshwas who were the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire.
Before becoming a popular tourist destination, Pune was an old city. About 50 years ago, Pune was very different in landscape and demographics. Old Pune was very small in size as compared to the New Pune city. Pune city originated as a small hamlet precisely between two streams (Ambil and Nagzari) and on the right bank of Mutha River at the north-cast tip of the city, place known as ‘Sangam’ or the confluence. The joint river formed its northern boundary and the east was bounded by the Nagzari stream ending its course into the river.In 1720, Baji Rao-I was appointed Peshwa (Prime Minister) of the Maratha Empire by Shahu Maharaj (the king of Hindu empire). He moved his base from Saswad to Pune in 1728 and, in the process, laid the foundation for turning what was a Kasbah into a large city., Bajirao also started construction of Shaniwar Wada on the right bank of the Mutha River The construction was completed in 1730, ushering in the era of Peshwa control of the city. The patronage of the Maratha Peshwas resulted in great expansion of Pune with the construction of many temples and bridges in the city, including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill. Bajirao Peshwa constructed an underground aqueduct to bring water from Katraj Lake to Shaniwar Wada. The aqueduct is still operational. Pune prospered as a city during the reign of Nanasaheb Peshwa. He developed Saras Baug, Heera Baug, Parvati Hill and new commercial, trading, and residential localities. Sadashiv Peth, Narayan Peth, Rasta Peth and Nana Peth were developed in this era. The Peshwa’s influence in India declined after the defeat of Maratha forces in the Battle of Panipat but Pune remained the seat of power until their final defeat by the British East India Company. In 1802, Pune was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Pune, directly precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805. During this period, Sardar Apajiram Sahastrabuddhe was the Kotwal (mayor) of the city (further adopted Kotwal as surname) Earlier Pune was limited to 18 peth areas which are now the just a small part of the whole city. These peth areas were the social and residential centers of the city. Mostly these Peth areas were named after the days of the week. However, some were named after the founders. Not many of us know about the origin and foundation of these Peths. Pune was a very small place then, and majority of the population lived near Shaniwaar Wada and Mahatama Phule Mandai region. Establishing a Peth in ancient time was the responsibility of a person who was referred as ‘Mahajan’. He was the whole and sole responsible to provide all facilities to the residents of the Peth. He was the one who was responsible to collect tax from the residents of these areas and was then submitted to the Government. Peshwas- The rulers of Pune city who played a major role in the development and growth of the cities in late 1600s to early 1800s Peth- Residential neighbourhoods in Pune city established by Peshwas. Hereafter the residential neighbourhood in the old town are referred as ‘peths’. 7|8
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Introduction
The early development of the city which occurred along the river and other small streams was connected by market spaces. The original flow of Ambi stream housed number of temples, gardens (baugs) and market places on either sides. The stream connected the most iconic structures; the Shaniwaar wada which was the Peshwa Empire’s fortifies palace and the colonial market place which was later renamed after a social worker Mahatma Jyotiba Phule. Later the stream was channelized and to increase the empire and develop more peths. Walking down the narrow lanes and one can witness some beautiful wadas (Marathi for fortress-like homes): the Patwardhan Wada or the Binewale Wada…. The brick tiles on the rooftops, the fine brick work on the façades and the elaborate animals and plants in the woodwork that covers large façades of these buildings are a delight to see. Kasba Peth is famous for being the residence of Shivaji Mahraj (The King of Maratha Empire) for a short while. The current Lal Mahal is an attempted reconstruction of his residence.The reign of Peshwas were the glorious days of the Pune city. The Peshwas were good administrators who built numerous buildings and parks which still stand today as a heritage inspiration for the city. The reign of Peshwa Bajirao II saw the down fall of Maratha Empire. He signed the treaty with British forces in is territory, thus losing his powers to the British.
The Mutha River and the remains of one of the most early ghats developed along it.
FIG 2: The Flow of Mutha River and Ambi stream and the iconic structures along the stream. Sketch derived from a theoretical description 9|10
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Introduction
The British Rule Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then spelt Kirkee) on 5 November near Pune and the city was seized by the British. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army). It was known as Poona during British rule.2
The period 1820-1890 is considered as the face changing period for the city, as a strong impact of colonial rule can be seen in on the form of the city. After Pune city was placed under the Bombay Presidency (a state) the city became central to the development of ammunition and firearms. Many structures built in the British rule still exist today. The Deccan College established in 1821, the municipal corporation built in 1858 are conserved to mark the historical importance in the city development. Many structures like lord Reay market (now famous as the Mahatma Phule Mandai), educational institutes and the residential neighbourhoods like Ganj peth and Navi peth were developed under the British rule.
The Mahatma Phule Mandai built in 1880s. Lord Reay, the governor of Bombay sanctioned the plan of this market. Later this market played a major rule in the development of the city. Today the magnificent eight faced structure marks the centre of the city and is listed as the grade one heritage structure.
The city pattern in the city during the Peshwa period was mostly north south as most of the development took place along the Ambil stream. To encourage the city growth along the east west axis and overcome the sanitary problem Pune was facing for a long time Leith (Municipality In-charge) introduces east-west thoroughfares. During this development many historical temple complexes and vernacular residential buildings were demolished. Implementation of these town planning principles resulted in social disruption within the city as many traditional public spaces in forms of temples and tanks were demolished. To make the community more cohesive, the government built many markets in the old city. The juxtaposition of neo gothic architecture with traditional vernacular temple architecture forms a curious contrast in the old city of Pune. FIG 3: Map showing Colonial development along with the urban Peshwa Empire 11|12
Heritage Corridor The city of Pune developed along the Ambi stream which was later diverted and a central axis was created connecting all the major locations in the city. soon later the city started evolving along this street marking a significant heritage corridor. Although later the city grew radically and many historically important structures were built in the suburban zones of the city (now included in the core city) the central heritage corridors marks its importance due to the integration of various typologies of structures which bring in varied activities. Two major points of the corridor are the Shaniwaar wada (built by the Peshwas)and the Mahatma Phule Mandai (built by the British). The surrounding is dominated by the residential neighbourhood where most of the freedom fighters, poets, writers and journalists made some major contributions in developing the face of Pune city. The corridor is well connected by street markets keeping the streets alive.
List of the heritage structures: 1. Dhakta Sheikh Salla Darga 2. Amruteshwar Temple 3. Tambat Courtyard 4. Shaniwaar Wada 5. Mujumdar Wada 6. Tambat Ali (coppersmith lane) 7. Kasba Ganesh Temple 8. Lal Mahal (red fort) 9. Nana Houd 10. Nana Wada 11. Patwardhan Wada 12. Dev Wada 13. Dagdusheth Temple 14. Savitribai phule Museum 15. Belbaug Temple 16. City Post Office 17. Kotwal Chawdi 18. Vishrambaug Wada 19.Tulshibaug Rama Temple 20 Vishnu temple 21. Phule Mandai 22. Minerva Talkies 13|14
1. Urban Negligence Urban Negligence Shifting Realities Urban Decay
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Urban Negligence
Shifting Realities Many factors contribute in the changing face of Pune ‘s old town. The cultural central of the pune city shifted its identity from a old historic neighbourhood to a commercially active zone. After the floods in 1961 urbanization in Pune started to spread. Mumbai- Pune corridor suddenly emerged as economically vibrant zone. Soon after the proposal of Mumbai- Pune highway India’s second highest Information Technology park was proposed along the highway. As a result Pune experienced huge migration flow from many other neighbouring cities and towns. Establishment of a NEW GLOBAL CULTURE Culture heritage affected by the LACK OF AWARENESS
Core city areaCultural Heritage Zone
Pune has changed radically in the last 50years. The change is evidently seen in terms of demographics, growth rate and number of migrants, change in land use, global investments and the economic flows which has made global impact of the public lifestyle. The global flows brought in a huge market for retail and infrastructure development. The major factors which affected the changing face of the old city area are the City Growth, Globalization and Lack of conservation Awareness. Img Ref.: Gargi Verma
Culture heritage affected by the GLOBALISATION
Culture heritage affected by the EXTERNAL FACTORS The migration led to rapid infrastructural development of the city. The core city area which was once considered as the prime location to live lost its identity and was soon taken over by the commercial sector. The lack of awareness towards conservation and restoration led to the demolishment of many heritage structures for new concrete commercial blocks. The wave of globalisation struck the city hard, the land price in the central old town reached the skies and builder lobby was eager to make the maximum out of the space. As a result the city lost many residential heritage structures and a new typology of development came in order which favoured the global culture. 17|18
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Urban Negligence
City Growth Population (in millions) 1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
5.25
0.1
11 14.22 21.51
13.32
24.8 24.66 23.85
The primary drawback of the proposal is the loss of historic and cultural heritage under the tag of Globalization.
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FIG 3: The Growth of Pune city since 1600s
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041
Decadal Growth
Zone wise Built-up Growth
80
70
Built-up Density in %
The growth rate in the core part of the city is about 2 – 2.5% per year and the annual growth rate in peripheral wards is about 4.4%. The high density is the function of land prices and ease of accessibility to work place and availability of basic services. Population density of Karve road is high due to overcrowding with more than 100 housing projects. The population growth is witnessed in the fringe areas of the city, especially in the Southwest direction due to the affordability of land at cheaper prices. The driving forcefor growth is mainly the development of IT industry. The peripheral growth has resulted into the increased residential areas and area under transportation network and facilities. The decadal growth rate in the core of the city is negative due to congestion and increased land value. Over the decade the population of Warje karve road has increased to almost double, which is mainly due to the increase in residential projects; followed by wards to the eastern side i.e. Hadapsar, BS Dhole PatilRoad and Yerwada which is mainly due to the growth of IT industry in this direction. 4 As the core city has reached the maximum density there is no more scope of development and considering the location of the area and the increase in demand for the commercial sector the land price of the peth area have reached at the peak. The retail sector is gradually moving in and converting the these residential neighborhoods in a commercial hub for the city. Considering the increase in land prices the government has increased the FSI in the old city area. The development sectors have proposed redevelopment schemes under which the old heritage wadas (residential housing) will be demolished and new housing/commercial structure will be proposed which will uplift the face of the area.
0
From a small area around Kasba Peth, Pune has grown radically; in 1958, small pockets of land in parts of the villages of Katraj, Dhankavadi, Lohagaon, Dapodi, etc. were added increasing the area within jurisdiction of PMC. In 2001, 23 villages were added to Pune city. As a result, PMC area increased to 243.84 Sq.km Over the years PMC has grown in the pattern of concentric rings. The driving forces for growth are primarily the development of IT industry in addition to the economic boom in the automobile sector which forms a major portion of the industries in and around Pune. The peripheral growth has resulted into the increased residential areas and area under transportation network and facilities. Pune’s population has increased by 5 to 6 times in the last fifty years and the increase has been very rapid from 1981. The ever increasing pressure of population has led to the growth of the adjoining suburbs and the city has expanded outwards filling in spaces between it and the suburbs. The urban sprawl has taken place in all directions but more significantly in the eastern, southern and south-western directions. Significant changes in land use are evident in the eastern part of the city. 3
74.84
69.33
65.48 59’60
57.47
60
48.66
50
46.89
39.20
60.65
55.88
44.05
40 31.62 30
South West Zone South East Zone
20
North East Zone North West Zone
10 1973
1992
Year
2001
2014
Image Reference- Measuring Urban Growth of Pune City Using Shannon Entropy Approach-Mundhe N.N.a*, Jaybhaye R.G.b
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Urban Negligence
The abandon buildings in every corner of the core city is not new to the citizens. The primary reasons behind this is the age of these structures and the safety issues caused due to the same. The viral abandonment of these structure causes urban decay making the neighbourhood unpleasant. Soon the entire area goes under redevelopment leading to urban transformation in the city. The primary demerit of this ideology is the loss of heritage.
Urban Decay Urban decay or urban blight is the process where a previously functioning part of the city or the entire city falls into disrepair or decrepitude. It may occur due to decentralization, change in the land use, shift of the city growth and the changing in the population density. Other reasons which encourage the urban rot are political disenfranchisement, crime rate, globalization, inhospitable state is the area etc. 5 In case of a city like Pune the urban decay is mostly concentrated to the old city area. The increase in land price and constant change in the land use dynamics and increase in population density has encouraged to the abundance of old historic residential units. The main reasons for this waste and neglect of inner-city spaces are land price inflation and land hoarding. When population is growing and industry expanding, land is greatly in demand and prices rise rapidly. Seeing this, owners of land hold on to it as an ‘investment’ for the future, waiting for its price to rise still further before they sell or rent. This action increases the scarcity and inflates the price.6 The major downside to this problem is the heritage loss the city faces. Many of the structures and areas affected by urban decay are historical sites which played a major role in shaping city’s present. It’s not just about saving the bricks but about saving the layer that lie beneath these bricks who inform us about our past. Erasing these structures from the urban grid or leaving them to rot is like forgetting our ancestors as if they never existed. These structures need to be conserved and rebuilt to its original form. The layers need to be explored and celebrated in the urban fabric which will help the city to bind to its roots. Urban decay in Pune is also associated with the fact that the residents and the government are unaware of the importance of conservation. The upcoming plans for these affected areas include the demolition of the structures for new global development. Many examples in the old city areas include projects like ‘9 Sadashiv’ where 9 wadas (residential units) in Sadashiv peth are taken down to build a new housing development. The advertisements for this housing scheme goes by the line ‘Unprecedented glamour touches Sadashiv peth’. The idea of washing out all the heritage structures in the historic fabric to introduce the global glamour is the new budding trend in the city. The urban decay in the old city area which was populated by the middle class household is now gentrified to a high society neighborhood. Sadashiv Peth: Sadashiv Peth is an area located in Pune City, in Maharashtra State of the Republic of India. This name is derived from the name of Sadashivrao Peshwa. Sadashiv peth is known for its people and their specific behavioural attributes - found very commonly in the people staying in this peth. 21|22
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Urban Negligence
Wadas (residential structures)
Visuals from the 1.Taru wada Last Man Standing: Prakash Mundada refuses to give up on his house at Taru Wada. He believes he will go down with the 150 year old wada. 2. Gunjal Wada A narrow alley separates the four wings of the 120-year-old wada 3. Mote Wada Naru and Indumati Bandal in their 10X10 room at Mote Wada Img Ref: Aniruddha Rajandekar & Gitesh shelke
Not so long ago the residents of these wadas took pride in the fact that they lived in heart of the city is so close proximity with the Shaniwaar wada, from where Peshwa ruled the empire for a century. But not anymore the crumbling houses keep them too busy to bask in olden days glory. As the government passed a rule restricting all the structures within 100 meters of Shaniwaar wada to redevelop their houses to build modern structures the only option that marks a way is to conserve these old houses.7 Prakash Mundada is the only occupant of Taru Wada these days. All the other occupants have left but Mundada and his family have nowhere else to go. His gaze is constantly fixed to the roof as the crumbling structure sheds a part every now and then. “It is a 150-year-old wada and I am the only tenant living here,” he said. Taru Wada used to be a bustling place in the olden days – it had a small open area where the elderly and children used to discuss their days and studies. Located just across Shaniwar Wada, residents used to go to the fort every evening for a stroll or for post dinner walks. “The wada survived the 1962 Panshet floods during which river water had touched our roof. The wada kept its occupants alive,” he added.7 In 120 year old Gunjal wada the walls are crumbling, tin sheets have replaces the original Manglore tiles on the roof and reinforced pillars can be seen everywhere but this hasn’t weakened the spirit of 55 families who still live in this wada.. Teak-wood pillars and stairs still hold the Wada. Walls though are a major hassle here. They have started leaning and crumbling. Mote wada is one of the biggest and oldest wada in Pune. The beautifully carved structure is nothing but a pile of ruins today. The wada had two separate buildings with a huge hall and a press which used be run by Nathuram Godse. (the man who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi ) The Peshwa era wood has aged, the bricks have turned into mud, and the roof has withered away. “Minor repairs are allowed but we cannot reinforce the wada,” Ganesh Ghorpade, a resident of wada said. The Ghorpades have been the residents of this wada for a century . “Many residents have left their rooms due to current condition of the wada and considering the safety of their families. It wada very beautiful place to stay but nor the major portion has collapsed” says Ghorpade. Residents of Mote Wada recall how life used to be grand in good old days. “We have attended many wedding ceremonies here. Our friends and near ones got married in the hall, which had wood carvings artefacts, a huge chandelier and wooden roof. It was one of the beautiful places for wedding ceremonies in the city,” added Ghorpade. Not to mention that the address in itself was something that almost everyone envied – Mote Wada, opposite Shaniwar Wada.7 For hundreds people like Mundada their houses are more that just a mere space of residents which could be replaced with a new apartment.
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Tulshi Baug Ram Mandir (Lord Rama Temple) Built by Jivajipant Khasgiwale in 18th century, Tulsibaug, with its array of shops splattered all around and a few heritage temples, is both a commercial hub as well a cultural hub. Inside the gate is a narrow verandah wrapped in dilapidated structures, revealing broken wooden doors and windows both thrown open as well as closed. The narrow verandah passes through the Nagarkhana which was built by the Pehwas. The ‘Nagarkhana’ is a musical complex housing a old traditional musical instrument named Chaughada ehich comes alive during the festivals. Below the Nagarkhana is another modestly arched doorway which opens into the spacious compound of the temple. on the left wall of the doorway are the niched arches with scenes painted from ‘Ramayana’. As one enters the complex one can see the tall conical shikara (spire) of the temple. The rustic environment created due to the aged bricked and the withered timber structure. Though the shikhara was added only in the late nineteenth century but the original structure of the temple is an ancient one dating back to the 17th century. The temple is today one of the few that have managed to retain its element from the era of the Pehwas. The temple has a wooden ‘sabhamadap’ (congregation-al hall) which is supported by withered columns and carved arches with intricate detailing one can find in many other residential wadas like Vishrambaug Wada and the ceiling is decorated with ornate designs and patterns carved in teak wood. There is ample space of circumambulation provided around the mandap area where one gets a glimpse of other smaller temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, Lord Vithal-Godess Rakhumai, Lord Ganesha, Godess Parvati, Lord Dattareya etc. 8 The complex houses small shops selling copper items. Most of these shop keepers live in the neighbourhood and professional coppersmiths. One can find some amazing copper sculptures in these shops. Visuals from the Ram Mandir Complex 1. Entrance to the temple complex from tulshibaug (shopping street). Nagarkhana. the arched doorway and the paintings on the way depicting the scenes from ‘Ramayana’. 2.The Temples in the complex. 3. The shops selling copper objects . most of these shops are owned by coppersmiths living in the neighbourhoods around the temple complex.
This temple complex amidst the hustle ans bustle of the narrow shopping street proves to be an tranquilliser for many. Patankar a old man visiting this place almost everyday described it as a time capsule; a place which takes him back in time. Although the currently this complex is not in good shape, if restoration is not done soon the temple will collapse due the old withered columns. Tulshibaug- (Basil Garden)The original temple was built during the Peshwa era, after the battle of Panipat in 1761, under Naro Appaji Khire (Tulshibaugwale) (1700-1775), the Subhedar of Pune.[2] Work commenced in 1763 and was completed in 1795 at a cost of Rs 136,667 and it covers an area of about an acre. Ramayana: The Ramayana or Rāmāya-na, is the first of two Sanskrit itihāsas (ancient Indian epic poem) traditionally ascribed to the Hindu muni (sage) Vālmīki—the other one being the Mahābhārata attributed to K--a Dvaipāyana Vyāsa. It is the story of King Rama and his journey of life. 25|26
3. Changing Face Changing Face Old City Today Globalization and the city of Pune.
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Old City Today Traditional Residential Unit-Timber and exposed brick construction with a timber staircase leading the upper floors. These units originally had a Manglore clay tile roof but over the years these have been replaced by cheap corrugated metal roofing sheets.
With the global growing of Pune city the built heritage of ancient city is critically threatened. Within past 10 years more than 50% of the residential units in the core pune city have vanished. Many structures are in poor condition with low living standards. Modern concrete blocks are overtaking the old crumbling wadas rapidly transforming the face of old peths. The historic heitage core of Pune city is highly neglected despite its rich traditional and cultural value. The national monument of Shaniwar Wada, INTACH has identified around 200 structures which were added to the heritage structure list. These structures range from residential units, temples to public spaces. Apart from that INTACH also identified heritage precincts which have a different character maybe due to the architectural setting or the activities being conducted in the space. 9 Government of India passed a law under which all the cities were expected to submit a heritage structure list and follow the model developed by the Government of India in preserving these structures but the reality, however, is that very few cities have a heritage structure list. Pune, too, has a a heritage structure list but the by laws set by the GOI haven’t been put in order. The Pune Municipal Corporation has however assigned a heritage cell which looks into these matters, sadly this committee is entitled merely with rudimentary powers and play no major role in developing the Development Plan. The committee has however undertaken conservation works of few important sites including Vishrambaug Wada, Nana Wada, Phule Mandai, Nageshwar Temple, Kasba Temple etc. The major barrier for the conservation of the Pune old town is the current condition of these heritage structures. Due to the delay in the process of the heritage structure list and the implementation of the conservation guidelines most of the old structures are facing a major decay, the load bearing traditional timber and brick houses are collapsing, the details in iron mouldings and railings are rusting and conservation of these structure will demand much more than the construction of new structures. Due to the lack of conservation knowledge the development plan proposed by the corporation fails in saving the traditional architectures and favours the builder lobby which will benefit the corporation economically. Today the core city of Pune needs an ambitious conservation program which will balance the economic front of the city as well as preserve the traditional heritage of the city.
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Changing Face
Old City Today
The Pune Municipal Corporation is struggling to resolve the issue of vacating and demolish dilapidated wadas and heritage buildings in the core city are as the occupants refuse to leave the space despite threat to their safety. PMC has identified nearly 150 structures which are beyond repairs and need to be pulled down and urged the residents to vacate the structure which will become more vulnerable during heavy rains. Since 2008, PMC pulled down over 100 structures and according to the building permission department, there are 22 structures listed in the ‘highly dangerous’ category which are yet to be demolished. 10 Vivek Kharwadkar, head of building permission department of PMC, said, “PMC has already started its drive to raze these structures which include wadas and old buildings.” Most of these structures are situated in Kasba Peth, Budhwar Peth, Shaniwar Peth, Nana Peth, Bhavani Peth and Narayan Peth areas.
Traditional houses built in 1700s by the Peshwas. The architecture takes into consideration the tropical climate of the city. The structures are load bearing G+2 story and built in timber and brick. The detailing of the veranda roof and the wood carved railings are the most interesting features of these houses Img Ref: Sujit Patwardhan/flickr
Upcoming project replacing old traditional housing with the global glamorous residential housing scheme. The ground floor will be dedicated to the shops. And the upper floors are residential. The character of the building does not follow does not take the cognizance of the surrounding and fails to cater to middle class strata of the group who are the primary residents of the neighbourhood. Img Ref: 9 Sadashiv official website
These neighbourhoods are pre dominantly populated by the middle class and lower middle class strata of the society. The rapid development of these area will lead to the change of industrial economic flow in the city systems. Most of the shopkeeper who own a space in this area won’t be able to afford the rent that the new developing infrastructure drift will demand. This will gradually change the socio economic grid of the city leaving the historical heritage buried under the global layer. Unknown and inaccessible to all.
There are a total of around 800 wadas spread in Kasba Peth, Rasta Peth, Sadashiv peth, Narayan Peth, Nana peth, Ganesh Peth, Raviwar Peth, Somwar peth, Mangalwar Peth, Budhwar Peth, Gurwar Peth, Shukarwar Peth and Shaniwar. Recently the certificates have been issued to the occupants who state that the vacancy of the structure won’t affect their claim on the property. The redevelopment of wadas normally gets delayed due to dispute between the owner and the tenants on their claim in the new property. To give it a push, the PMC has also proposed cluster development plan in the draft development plan of the old city so that wadas in adjoining plots come together to build a big structure. There are some projects like ‘Sadashiv 9’ ready for it launch. Which includes 9 wadas from Sadashiv peth which were taken down to propose a new housing development which in no way matches the architecture style of the original structures.121These dilapidated structures on the verge of collapse will surely lead to a new development but it’s necessary to consider the vernacular architecture present in and around=d the core city area before designing to avoid the complete transformation where the city will lose it architecture and cultural heritage. Gentrification is a concept often used to describe and critise the changes in the social makeup of the neighborhood. Genetrification may appear to be a positive change where untidy or messy neighborhood replaces with a sophisticated space in a new user group which will eventually dry out the existing culture and introduce a new face. For example the inner London street market , which is located in a gentrifying neighborhood, was described in an industry magazine as ‘From Sex and Sleaze’ to ‘Gourmet Cheese’, thus making explicit the replacement. In order to preserve the conserve the existing cultural heritage Pune needs a combination of Gentrification and conservation. This will bring in the public movement to the space and eventually charge the economic flow helping the global market. 12 “PMC has intensified the drive to vacate and pull down wada structures that are in a dangerous condition. The civic body has served notices to 120 wadas asking occupants vacate the structures so that they could be demolished,” said Bipin Shinde, Deputy Engineer in PMC. The redevelopment of wadas normally gets delayed due to dispute between the owner and the tenants on their claim in the new property. To give it a push, the PMC has also proposed cluster development plan in the draft development plan of the old city so that wadas in adjoining plots come together to build a big structure.13 31|32
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Urban Negligence
Globalization and the city of Pune
Branding Locals
The effects globalization during the past few years often focus on the question whether the rapid migration, people, images, spread of media, communication technologies and global economic flows have reduced differences between national cultures or just given them a wider territory and more means of expressing and promoting the same. 14 In a city like Pune which is considered as the cultural capital of the state it is impossible to deny the fact the globalisation is taking more than on the cultural front than giving in. Pune as a city have a huge development sector with a predominant notions about modernity and globalisation which leads the city to be carved moulded in a particular style. When same idea is considered to be an optimum stature of globalization and modernization. When that same idea, though, is applied in many neighbourhoods in the city and many cities in the world, it results in an all too visible homogenization. Homogenization is visible, first of all, in the concentration of new cultural and commercial development projects in city centers11. Arjun Appadurai is one of the leading theorist and anthropologist, his best known work ‘Dis-juncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy’ (published in 1990) where Appadurai lays out his Meta theory of dis-juncture. For him the ‘new global cultural economy has to be seen as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order’. This order is composed of different interrelated, yet disjunctive global cultural flows. He also talks about the effect of media on the small underdeveloped towns. The role media plays today in under the term globalization which is causing cultural homogenization and, at the same time, cultural heterogenization. 15 The poster has a black broad border and human silhouettes at the bottom; the concept behind this was to give depth to the poster and the human silhouettes represent the mute spectators of the city. The collage tries to capture the essence of today’s cityscape, people busy enjoying the new glamorous face of local festivals and blindly following the path of media. The ‘Sadhu’ (monk) sitting on the long lead platform seems to be meditating in peace but the witticism behind the scene should be noted. The monk is wearing goggles(adapting new technologies) to be in media’s spotlight. The monk represents the divine in India and how they have fallen prey to the fancy of globalization and the way everyone around is attracted towards them.
Today Pune lies in the labyrinth where Globalization and modernity is not a choice but necessity to fit in the global flows and on the other side are the cultural roots which keeps the city bound to its historical past. The key to a mixed cultural development where globalization and modernity go hand in hand with the heritage is branding the cultural heritage to fit in the global economic flow. ‘Branding the Local Cultures’.... the term seems very simple; in the age of social media branding is an inevitable source to sell your ideas to people. As described in the book’ Archigram’ the “Instant City” project is the manifestation several different small ideas and combining them into one large idea. Instant city is the idea of a traveling metropolis that instantly connects cultures though the use of televisions and other various technologies.16 Deriving the parallels from Archigrams instant city one may develop an ideology where heritage conservation is seen with a new perspective. Instead of just conserving the cultural heritage sites for the saving the historical evidences one may develop a global outlook towards conservation. The primary reason of globalisation talking over these heritage sites in Pune is the lack of awareness and information. To encourage the citizens to visiot these sites one needs celebrate the stories that are associated with these sites. The hidden narratives that lie under these historical sites need to be showcased and celebrated. The life in and around these structures need to carefully monitored, developed and segregated in order to form a form a definitive image of what and how the sites need to be framed so that the viewer can experience the optimum of what the history and the cultural hemisphere has to offer. The area can be developed as an heritage corridor where the visitors could experience, enjoy and learn about the old traditional city structures. The festivals native to this land can be given a global platform in the city. In many other cities like London, Barcelona, Amsterdam the government has drawn intermediate solutions to tackle the problem of globalisation taking over traditional heritage sites and proved tourism to be an effective technique to do so.
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3. Strategies Strategies Mapping the City Exploring the rustic layers Life beyond the grid Understanding the Change Revival of dead cities- Case Study Guides for Development
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Changing Face
Mapping the city
The city of Pune. The Mula Mutha river flowing through the city dividing the city into 3 major sectors. The southern sector on the river bed of Mutha river marks the origin of the city. Many important structures and historical monuments, residential neghourbourhoods were developed soon after. In later stages the city started growing radially around these neighblourhoods and developed their own character ompletly differt from the core city.
Mapping the city is an effective tool of revealing and discovering the underlying layers of the city. The Heritage corridor of the city is marks the length of 700m from Shaniwar wada to the Phule Mandai and around 1.2 km considering the sub lanes. The area is largely covered by middle class residential units and 10 % institutional and 20% commercial sectors. The neighbourhood houses many religious sites including the famous Dagdusheth Ganesh temple, Kasba temple, Saikh salla darga, Tulshibaug Rama temple etc. The street market connects two most heritage sites and is mostly visited by the age group 25-60. The site is not populated by the tourists except the Shaniwaar wada as complex, Although the neighbourhood houses may heritage structures which played a major role in the history due to the lack of conservation these socio culturalarchitectural masterpieces are left unnoticed.
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Changing Face
The heritage corridor of Pune. The grade one heritage structures marked on the map and the proximity on other heritage sites from the central heritage corridor. The graph represents the importance of these heritage structures. Vertical strips showcase the glimpses of the city’s heritage structure and the hidden narratives that lie under the urban grid.
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Changing Face
Mapping the City Identifying the routes to explore various heritage sites according to the typology. The pink route explores the historical heritage structures in the old city. The yellow routes unfolds the narratives underlying in the old residential neighbourhoods of the city and the green route will introduce one to the city of street markets.
In order to develop a successful route which will take one on the journey of exploring the hidden narratives and the various heritage sites an exercise was conducted where all the heritage structures were marked according to its historical and socio-cultural importance. Considering the complexity of the project and the inter-relation of the surreal layers playing a major role in building the face of old city area the mapping is done considering the 3 major contributing factors. First and foremost are the heritage buildings which are the roots of the city. The second factor is the old residential units which mark the identity of the space and the third factor which binds the area together are the traditional street markets which run along the narrow alleys and the main roads giving a tour of rustic spaces which leaves one spellbound. To experience all these spaces through a single journey the routes were layered on top of the other and a final path was identified. Which was a combination of all three. The final outcome is a multilayered map marking the locations of the heritage structures,routes and neighbourhoods. With an elaborate graph system which showcases the different factors which will help one understand the value of the space on varied level along with other supporting factors which include the ratio and typology of visitors the urban scale it falls in, the importance of the structure on different layers and will eventually help one formulate necessary guidelines in conserving, framing and celebrating the built cultural past. The scale alongside provides the visitors reference in accordance to the viewing points and viewing angles as built scale plays a major role in experiencing the space. The narrow shopping alleys are best experienced when one walks through them. The residential neighbourhood can be can be best experienced when one looks closely, the detailing on the cast iron railings, the carvings in the timber columns and the screened windows will communicate the hard work of the local craftsmen in the earlier times. Some of the wadas which are enlisted in the heritage structure list allows one to experience how the royal Peshwas lived in the past. The grandeur of Shaniwaar wada can only be experienced once the visitor enters the gigantic and robust iron gates to find the long spread greens. The journey on this path is a journey which will make one wonder, which will make one amaze, which will make one find the hidden beauty in the same old structures and which will connect one to its roots. 41|42
Beyond the city grid, many factors play a major role in developing the multifaceted organic free flowing giant that we call the soul of the city. The built brings with it a surreal layer which creates its own expression of life which we call a home. Soon many homes come together to form a network which we refer as the neighbourhood. From each unit with its own individual identity the area is transformed into a community of houses with similar identity to form a neighbourhood and so on the dead built spaces go on spreading to form a giant living city. As the city growth, it evolves with time. The origin of the city often remains the minimalistic image what life used to be. Pune’s old town is a perfect example of a global overgrown city where the origin of the city and current status of the city bear a huge gap between. The lifestyle, built pattern, architecture style, cultures the two completely different parts of the city follow or the way they see life. It’s time the city embraces it’s rooted and gives it stature it deserves in our city culture. The beauty of the town, when observed closely, will often make one realise how space transforms with time. The visuals are just the tip of the iceberg to understand the working of these spaces one needs to interrogate the built and the un-built at various levels .
Image Reference- Sujit Patwardhan Flickr account. A typical neighbourhood in the old Pune town. The timber and brick constructed load bearing wada (residential unit) a vegetable vendor sitting on the plinth of the wada and a resident kid playing with a bicycle tyrWe.
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Changing Face
Residential Heritage: Residential structures in the old city area are the soul of this space. While walking amidst the city with upcoming glass faรงade building one will come across many old timber and stone structures with intricate joinery work and minute details gives one idea of the richness the history holds within. Some of these structures date back to 1600s while some belong to the British rule. Every house and the residents narrate a different tale presenting the past with a new perspective. The scale of the house with old furniture, the old timber windows with a small climber and the cobwebbed grills gives one an idea how our surrounding has changed overtime. These structures have the power to teleport one in time; narrate the small incidents which these structures have experienced; children playing in the courtyard, the constant noise of housewives chatting while grinding wheat flour, the afternoon gossips, the gatherings in huge joint families, the festivals, the wires hanging in the corner of the structure will take one back to the day house got its first telephone. The collage is a representation how different layers come together in the old city to form a complete image of the city today. The background of the image is the government plan of the particular which seems to be very confined and rigid hence represented with a dark color the second layers gradually takes you in the small alleys of the city to explore the rustic past and simple living with a deep meaning of life and community living. As the journey continues one may come across the dilapidated remains of some of these old structures. These small alleys open up into a community space or the main road where one can experience the change of scale in architecture. The trail leads one to discover the minute details of simpler times; the cobwebs in the corner of the window sill, the electric wires hanging, old rusted bikes etc. In the collage alongside one may see the clothes kept for drying on the delicate cobwebs which represent the uncertainty of the living conditions. The most surreal factor of life hanging on to a thin link of a thread is a metaphor for the love these people share with their houses and the current conditions of the structures. The government plans which will take way these old structures to build a new housing scheme which allows them to have a modern living but will cut them off their roots. The space will no more echo the informal chatters; will no more embrace the chaos, will no more stand as an old soul which holds in tons of memories. It will be just another concrete box.
The collage is an attempt of mapping the hidden layers of the residential spaces in the old town of Pune. 45|46
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Changing Face
The Heritage Markets:
Chaos was a law of nature; order is a dream of man. – Henry Adams From a glance the traditional street markets in Pune may seem a huge chaos but if observed from close it follows a higher level of order. The order which binds together community, social relationships, business, art, infrastructure and history. These markets are the true public spaces which run along the streets connecting all the heritage structure and giving one a tour of a high level breathing system. The market offers a huge range of variety from fresh fruits to branded clothes. The collage is an expression exploring the layers hidden behind the image of busy un-organized street. How the market spreads organically on a rigid frame provided by the government to contribute to the spatial and contextual development of the city. In the age of supermarkets how these informal spaces provide better customer service and a shopping experience leaving the visitors spellbound can be visualized from the collage.
The collage is an attempt of mapping the underlying layers of the traditional market spaces in the old town of Pune. 47|58
MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Changing Face
Heritage: What is does heritage mean in the city of Pune? The word heritage means the places which are close to ‘Punekars’ hearts. The place they can associate to the most. The place which marks a special place in the heart of the city and played a major in developing the city in the way we experience today. Many structures in the city date back to 1600s when ‘Peshvas’ ruled the land of Pune which can be referred as the historical heritage. These structures remind us of our forefathers, the pride all citizens’ experience when the see the glorious structure of the empire which helped make Pune’s mark as one of the richest empires in the province. Another typology of structures considered as the heritage structures are religious places like temples or mosques which play an important role in day to day life; the gathering spaces where usually the older generations meet for evening chats and old small cafeterias which become a gathering spot for youngsters. The city has surely changed from sand to glass but once a while one always prefer to visit the roots shop at the oldest market with traders who are working for over 4 generations, have tea in the Persian bakery, eat sweets from the oldest sweet shop and celebrate the festivals in the first ever residential neighbourhoods of Pune. The collage is a representation how different layers come together in the old city to form a complete image of the city today. The first layer ids the route of Ambi Stream along which the city was originated. The second layer is the more rigid and confined state of the city, the government plans. The journey of exploring the historic heritage will take one from the heavily clustered residential neighbourhoods developed in the late 1700s. The vintage old timber window gives one a glimpse of the strong deep roots which hold the city strong. The great legacies of the empire the freedom riots against the British government, sacrifices of the patriots and the simplicity in our lives before globalization. Every detail in the structure signifies the dedication and pride of the rich empire Peshvas’ built and the craftsmanship of our ancestors.
The collage is an attempt of mapping the rustic narratives from the historic heritage spaces of the Pune city and its impact on the city’s urban grid
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The Old pass down ring along with the 10 rupee coin given by an old man working in Mandai (the vegetable market)narrated the legacy of generations the space holds and the honest earnings they made out of it.
A resident sitting in the verandah smoking the traditional pipe (chillim) narrated the tales from the British rule and how time has changed since then.
Lost and Found The embedding of the surreal layer of life which was given to me by the residents and the local shopkeepers when asked how will you define life staying in the old town. The narratives ever small object carries with it makes one underlining statement of how the space creates an impact on ones life. The concrete embedding of the objects is an expression of continuous stability these petite objects found in this space over centuries. The city cultures changed over time and the change touched them all but couldn’t replace them.
A young boy sitting with his old man in the Tulshibaug Ram Mandir (temple) complex narrated how he aspires to be a good craftsman like his dad one day.
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Krilly trills herself with the alternate encoding of reality, and the questions spouting from them. her mural of the degnified countenance on the wall of a home in Kasba peth- a face of king who transcends space and time.
ZukClub is one of Russia’s oldest street art groups, whih has now proliferated into design, monumental and contemporaray art. ‘Symphony Orchestra’ brings ZukClub’s favorite mascots-The Dwarves-on the Pune streets.
Vitae Viazi is a Russian crew that visits India to understand and paint the streets. ‘Got used To’ is a romantic depiction of their journey through Kasba Peth, spent sitting on and soaking in the atmosphere of rustic locale
Reviving the old cities Art and the City Street art is often defined as a expressive medium for artists in public spaces, a platform created for themselves where the city walls become the canvas. Often these paintings make a strong statement or express ones sentiment against a public act/subject. But in the city od f Pune where a collaborative project was conducted by the city based street artist Harshvardhan Kadam and many other artist from countries world wide. Public art can anarchic, it can also be a medium for social change, or it could simply be beautification of an existing cityscape. 17 The spaces which are often ignored by the passer-by could be transformed by a simple piece of art. Indrajeet Satbhai is known for his painting called “Antaral” (galaxy) which is painted on the wall of a public toilet near the Pune Municipal Corporation. He wants to bridge the gap between reality and perception with his art. “Functionally, a public toilet is one of the most important buildings in the city, but because of our upbringing, we tend to see them through a different spectacle. So, my painting was in a way filling the gap between the perception and physical reality of public toilets,” he said. Creating an artwork at a specific place requires the artistes to do a lot of research. “We make sure that there is basic research done about the place and its history. We plan our creation in such a way that the locals relate to it but even the outsiders can understand it. Through street art we aim at developing social spaces and making them available for public interaction. When I see people taking photos of these wall paintings or murals I realize that they are not only recognizing and showing respect to the art form but are also helping to preserve it,” Kadam said.18 In order to revive the old city area of Pune in a globalised world it is crucial to analyse the need of today’s market. To meet the global expectation is an unavoidable and important sector of the project. Along with the conservation of the historical heritage sites and residential neighbourhoods one needs to carefully introduce a global spectrum of art which will encourage people to visit this place with a changed perspective.
Source-Cycle A Way https://cycleawaypune.wordpress.com/tag/pune-street-art/ 53|54
Gopalkala; known as Dahi Handi iin Maharashtra is an festival to celebrate Lord Krishna’s birth.
Reviving the old cities Festivals and the City There are many stadiums,museums and theatres being built to promote the cultural front of the cities in India. However the massive built structure is a permanent investment of public funding, land and is not accessible to all. One may refer to it as the concrete culture.19 As Toronto Mayor John Tory noted in his introduction to the 2016 Canadian Music Week’s Music City Summit, building buildings can be risky. “We should build the events,” he said, “and maybe a building will follow.”
Ganesh Festival is one of the major festivals celebrated in the city of Pune. The procession includes traditional musical instruments like ‘dhol (Indian drums) and ‘tashas’ with the chantings prasing lord Ganesha.
Vitthal Wari - A walk which starts from a small town near PUne city called Alandi to Pandharpur (the birthplace of lord Vitthala)The walk passes through the city where citizens gather to greet the visitors, offer them food and take their blessings.
Festivals are an effective technique of bringing people together to reform a social space. In a culture centric city like Pune where religion plays a major role festivals often brings charm to the old town of Pune. In18th century Bal Gangadhar Tilak a freedom fighter and a social activist proposed the idea of a social gathering to celebrate the Ganesh festival. This proposition was primarily made to unite the people and breed the sense of community to fight back the British. Soon this proposition took a roll and today this is the identity of the Pune’s old town. Huge pandals are erected on the streets where the idol is placed. Usually these pandals are designed with a social awareness backdrop. The festival goes on for 10 days and on the 10th day the procession is carried out where the Ganesh idol followed by the crowd and the band playing traditional musical instruments is taken to the river. The festival concludes with the immersion of Ganesh idol in to the river. In these 10 days the old city transforms itself completely from a dead rustic neighbourhood to a colourful musical stage. Visitors from all over the city visit the old town to take the blessings of lord Ganesha and be a part of the celebration. Today the traditional Ganesh festival proposed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak has transformed itself to a global venture. Similarly recognizing the value in cultivating events, cities like Nashville and Austin have learned to promote a festival-friendly environment over the last decade. Both cities established entertainment zones that balance relaxed noise ordinances with affordable, mixed-use housing. The city which is often busy living their lives in a cocoon can be a part of a social gathering where they can express and embrace their cultural being and the city gained a global recognition and an economic support. 19 Pune city can draw parallels from many similar cases around the world and how they transformed the city through festivals.
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Strategies
The Heritage Corridor: The illustration showcases the beauty of the street once the traffic and pedestrian flow is controlled. The visual connectivity from Shaniwaar wada to the Mahatma Phule Mandai (two of the major heritage structure) is prominent due to the clear vista created by the trees. The spatial experience is enhanced introducing other allied activities.
Guidelines for development: Faรงades: The faรงades of the structures facing the heritage corridr and the derived route will be retained/conserved as per the archival data available with the help and guidance of the residents. Interior of the Residential units: The interior of the residential units will be developed and after careful analysis of the heritage cell. The residential units can be developed in three major typologies !st typology: The residential structures (wadas) with blue plates (residents of freedom fighters/ poets/politicians/journalists etc. who played a major role in shaping the city) should to conserved according to the archival data available. 2 typology: These residential units can redevelop the interior of wadas maintaining the exterior beauty of the space. 3 typology : The third type of residential units can be developed as hotels which will allow the visitors experience the lifestyle. This units can be the answer to the rising global ecomy and the can give justice to the land prices. Street Markets and Shops Markets are the soul of the old city which binds the entire neighbourhood together hence these markets should be given proper space along the footpath. The vendors selling fruits, clothes and other local products can encourage the pedestrian flow. The shops/restaurants which function at the ground floor of heritage structures should maintain the architectural style of the neighbourhood. Pedestrian Movement: The pedestrian movement along the heritage corridor should be encouraged by providing 5m footpath where ever possible. The width of the footpath will provide the vWWisitors a better viewing angle. Vehicular Movement: The vehicular movement of the heritage corridor is restricted by providing 2 car parks along the street. 9:00- 20:00- the heritage corridor will only allow PMT (intercity buses)and auto rickshaws. The residents can access the road anytime of the day. 20:00-9:00- the corridor will be open for heavy vehicles which provide good to the local shops and Phule Mandai.
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Strategies
Guidelines for development: The area around Mandai to be developed as a vehicle free zone. To enhance the shopping experience an elevated platform is created around the Phule mandai which will cater the pedestrian movement and can house many allied activities like, public gatherings, temporary exhibits, street plays, art fair etc. The new vegetable market which will be soon redeveloped should be redesigned taking into consideration the existing architecture style.
The sub-lanes behind the Mandai which currently home the street markets selling, spices, fruits, pickles, frying items, tobacco, chillim (Indian smoking pipe), clay craft etc. will be developed as a heritage street market showcasing the local products . View from the Mahatma Phule Mandai. The rustic environment of the traditional market allowing the view to have the glimpses of the old residential units. The conservation of the residential area around the market helps one experience the architectural beauty dating back to the 16th century.
The Tulshibaug Ram Mandir Tulshi Baug (originally a basil garden now a shopping street) houses a 17th century temple of lord Rama. The temple complex needs to be restored and can be introduced as a religious urban breather in Tulshibaug.
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MA Architecture|Framing the Decaying Legacies|Strategies
4. Conclusions
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Conclusion
The historic core city of Pune as a decaying heart sits in centre of the city. The veins running through it can no more handle the load of vehicular traffic. The residential cells which held the city together are drastically loosing its charm. Soon the old city will be replaced by a concrete blocks and the heritage of Pune will be long gone where future generations will find no traces of their roots. The city needs a critically analysed conservation plan which will hold the city together. The vibrant activities in the old town of Pune still marks its position strong on the urban grid. The layers which come together to form the city scape gives Pune its unique identity. Today Pune’ s situation is not much different than many cities in India. Apart from Pune there are many city centres who have lost there function on urban scale and are been replaced rapidly by the money making industries. The challenge in front of Indian cities is the constructing the bridge which will connect the urban economic development agendas and the notion of socio-cultural conservation. The integration of the two ideologies to promote the perfect picture of global city is a task most of the development authorities struggle with. The primary part of the project aimed at understanding the complex urban grid in the old town in order to come up with a self sustaining traditional neighbourhood in the age of globalisation which will encourage the preservation of cultural heritage sites as well contribute in the city level economic current. To understand the hidden narratives and conserve the spaces to its very minute detail collaboration projects should come in order where the residents and the local architects along with the central authority come on a similar platform to discuss their views. The local craftsman should be encouraged to participate in the process to achieve the authentic result. The area needs a two way approach- one which starts by conserving individual units (micro level ) and the other is the overall development guidelines for the old city which will help the visitors experience the city culture to its optimum. The markets, the streets and the neighbourhoods so designed that it will hold the ability to teleport oneself back in time. The objective of the project is develop ideas which will help frame each and every element in old city which will encourage one to appreciate the beauty which today is lost in overgrown giant of development. 63|64
References 12- “Shaniwarwada was centre of Indian politics: Ninad Bedekar – Mumbai – DNA”. Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 17 October 2013. 3-Pune Municipal Corporation Official Website. 4-THE PLANNING STRATEGIES FOR URBAN LAND USE PATTERN: A CASE STUDY OF PUNE CITY, INDIA 5-“1545 Charlotte St, Bronx, NY 10460”. Zillow. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 17 October2015. 6-TP13. Urban Decay – A Permanent Solution; http://www.landisfree.co.uk/ urban-decay-a-permanent-solution/ 7- Puneri Wadas are falling down...; BY Aniruddha Rajandekar & Gitesh shelke 8 The Almost Complete) History and Architecture of Ancient Sri Ram Temple, Tulsibaug, Pune This post originally appeared on My Yatra Diary; written / photography by Arti 9-Inclusive India – Re: Pune-Copyright © Architectural Conservation, Mejan Arc, Royal Institute of Art and the authors/photographers. 10-The Indian Express; Written by Ajay Khape | Pune | Published:June 12, 2016 1:42 am 11-http://www.pinnaclegroup.in/projects/pinnacle-9-sadashiv.php 12-TRADITIONAL MARKETS UNDER THREAT: WHY IT’S HAPPENING AND WHAT TRADERS AND CUSTOMERS CAN DO; Dr Sara Gonzalez & Gloria Dawson 2015 13-http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-clouds-of-disaster-hover-over-dilapidated-wadas-1895734 14-INAUGURAL WORKING PAPER SERIES, DESTINATION CULTURE: How Globalization makes all Cities Look the Same SHARON ZUKIN 15- Arjun Appadurai- Disjunture and Difference in Global Cultural Economy 16- Archiram -Archigram: The Walking City, Living Pod and the Instant City 17-Pune’s Street Art Project At Kasba Peth-Siddhartha Joshi 9:37:00 AM 18-Demystifying the street art and artists of Pune-Anandi Mishra | TNN | Jan 12, 2016, 11.44 AM IST 19- Why cities should stop building museums and focus on festivals May 13, 2016 1.59am BST -Jonathan Wynn-Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst
Bibliography 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Archigram- Instant Cities. Arjun Appadurai- Disjuncture and Difference in Global Cultural Economy INTBAU India - Pune Charrette 2010. www.intbau.org INTACH Pune Municipal Corporation- Heritage Guidelines Gupta; Smita: Glimpses of Pune’s Heritage-2004 Remaking London: Decline and Regeneration in Urban Culture- Ben Campkin The Ethics of Facadism-Pragmatism versus Idealism-Robert Bargery Some front: the bad developments making a joke of historic buildings-Oliver Wainwright 10. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AS DRIVING FORCE FOR-CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES DEVELOPMENT-Planning, Managing and Monitoring Cultural Heritage Sites-in South East Europe 11. Handbook of Conservation of Heritage Buildings-Published by Directorate General, Central Public Works Department 12. THE CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ANDHISTORIC CITIES IN BRAZIL, WITH PARTICULARREFERENCE TO THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS AND THECITY OF MARIANA.
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