Final Report - Ryerson University

December 2019 | Issue No. 2 SPECIAL EDITION

Classroom Building

RYERSON UNIVERSITY

A Report By Group Five

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0

INTRODUCTION

2.0

PROJECT BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW

3.0

OBC ANALYSIS

4.0

MATERIALS & METHODS ANALYSIS

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 4.1 4.2

4.3 4.4 4.5

General Information The Project Site and Context Space Allocation

General Information Building Classification Fire Separations & Fire Resistance Ratings Spatial Separation Provisions for Firefighting Mezzanines and openings through floor assemblies Fire Alarm and Detection Systems Standpipe System Occupant Load Plumbing Requirement Barrier Free Design Exits & Egress Structure Building Envelope 4.2.1 Fiber Cement Cladding 4.2.2 Curtain Wall Panels 4.2.3 Insulation Building Enclosure Interiors LEED Gold

5.0

BIM ANALYSIS (REVIT)

6.0

CONCLUSION

7.0

REFERENCES

8.0

APPENDIX

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

Introduction Project Development Advantages Challenges

INTRODUCTION

1.0

1.1. Introduction To conclude the Immigration Professionals Leveraging Architectural knowledge for New opportunities (IPLAN), our group was required to design and develop a schematic design for a Classroom Building within Ryerson University campus to demonstrate the following concepts: • • •

The Ontario Building Code (OBC) Materials and Methods common to the Ontario region Building Information Modeling (BIM) practices and techniques.

1.2. Objective The objective of the project is to make a schematic design based on given requirements. To create a building designed to illustrate compliance to the OBC, using the materials and methods as illustrated by the drawings in Revit.

1.3. Team As a team we worked collaboratively and each one of us carried out code analysis, materials and methods analysis, and modeling in Revit.

We organized our team by the key interest area of each member. Being the only group with four members, we had a supportive relationship in the team to fill up the gap of one person. We had to put in extra efforts as the scale of the program was the same as that with the groups of five.

Team collaboration, integration and communication were important for us at each stage from searching and analyzing to designing and presenting.

Our team was organized as follows:

Saeed Arezehgar

Elsa Emy James

Karandeep Singh

Kristina Laktiushkina

Team Lead

OBC Lead

Materials & Methods Lead

Revit Lead

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INTRODUCTION 1.4. Methodology We worked in the following stages as per the area of work assigned to each team member• Research stage Research related data and site visit.

• Analysis and conceptual design stage Create a concept model & study sample buildings • Schematic design stage Prepare different plans of each level according to requirements and Functional Space Program due to major occupancy and occupant load of each level • Schematic BIM model stage Make different wall assembly related to exterior wall and interior wall and created plan in BIM Revit.

• Revised BIM model stage Reassessing design due to OBC and Materials and Methods • Refined BIM model stage Prepare different view and section with the help of Revit model and callout from drafting view to finalize details.

• Final presentation Prepare final report and drawings sheets and presentation of report.

1.0

• Building Envelope ( Curtain Wall ) • Exploration and related design challenges in this region for the performance and how to use it in different orientations • Building Enclosure, Concrete Structure, its usage and then application of assemblies for a performing envelope

1.5. Design Challenges We had various challenges around design: • Site To design current building in Ryerson campus and follow their ideologies and respond to neighboring properties • Efficiency Efficient planning and less circulation space made the building more productive • Building Code Establishing symbiotic design decisions as the given program has a flexibility and is already at threshold where building classifications can change entire construction method.

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PROJECT BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW

2.1. General Since 2008 when the Master Plan was set out, Ryerson University‘s enrolment has grown 32%.

The Master Plan defines three goals: - Urban Intensification - People first – pedestrianization of the urban environment - A commitment to design excellence and an architectural framework for urban intensification

Make good on the Academic Plan’s priority to expand community engagement and city building.

2.2. The Project The Classroom Building are in the following board requirements: • Parking for 150 cars • Large assembly space on the ground floor

1. The vertical campus Explore opportunities to create the vertical campus and hence to maximize density in the Ryerson precinct, optimizing use of scarce and valuable urban land. Maintain a sense of community within the vertical campus through the creation of small academic neighborhoods within a larger one.

2. Sustainability, the programmable green roof Investigate options to create a programmable, habitable and safe green roof options.

3.The podium, teaching and flexible lab spaces Program the podium (floors two to four) of any development with highly active spaces such as teaching, and provide tall, robust, loft- like spaces which are flexible and adaptable over time to various types of academic needs.

4. The active and transparent ground plane Provide transparency and accessibility at grade, as well as programs that are conducive to social interaction and enhance a strong sense of collegiality.

5.Implementation strategy: the co-development program Explore possibilities to partner with the private sector and create co-developments which would exploit the unused density within the Ryerson precinct while helping to fund the university’s expansion. Create buildings and public spaces for the university that are primarily inspirational learning and teaching environments which translate Ryerson’s Academic Plan 2014- 2019, Our Time to Lead, while continuously offering both daytime and evening students a sense of belonging to a strong, vibrant academic community

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2.0

• • • • •

Interconnected first and second floors having a feature stair connecting these two levels the stair also must serve the third floor.

Building height 7 storeys Light well into the 6 floors from the 7 floors Concrete structure Exterior wall fiber cement panel and curtain wall Exterior net to gross-40% transparency to 60% solid • Net to gross ratio-60% to 65% • 3 elevators • LEED gold performance

According to our research we proposed:

• By the strategy of Ryerson University to improve pedestrian and cycling opportunity to protect the environment and respond to the anticipated growth of the community; we proposed at parking levels: 6 disabled parking and 92 car parks in five levels instead of 8 levels for 150 parking.

• We added another exterior material in first level because using fiber cement panel in contact with ground is not a long term solution due to its moisture retaining properties.

• 6 storeys with mezzanine instead of 7 storeys to reduce building height and achieve less fire resistance rating requirement in the building wall system due to OBC. • Ryerson University’s compact campus within the urban heart of Toronto strongly suggests intensification and vertical expansion as an effective way to accommodate and increase the number of students and programs of the University. The solution is based on the idea of designing the ‘vertical campus’: compact, accessible, with a truly inspiring learning and teaching environment that takes advantage of its strategic location within the City. By this strategy we had an opportunity to design façade with maximum fenestration and make a better shape.

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PROJECT BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW

2.0

2.3.Site and Context The land of project be located within the Ryerson University academic precinct and include two building: 1966 Co-operative Education Building Built in 1960, acquired

by Ryerson Institute of Technology in 1966

2001 Research and Graduate Studies Built in 1960, acquired by Ryerson University in 2001

densification and building vertically. The presence of a laneway on the east and south of the property also offers great potential for access to the site and servicing, as well as the possibility to increase the footprint of the site through its acquisition by Ryerson University.

To integrate with Sally Horsfall Eaton Centre for Studies in Community Health street as a surrounding context which is located on the edge of Ryerson campus line; we suggested to design main entrance at this corner, hence creating more architectural identity for the building 2002

This site on Gerrard Street offers great potential for development due to its low existing density. The buildings currently occupy 13,487 SF of property on the northern seam of the campus. The current zoning for this property allows 30 meters in height and 4 times coverage. Even though under the current city’s zoning by-laws, the potential for development is approximately an additional 18,640 sf of area, the Master Plan proposes that the University review the value of the site in the context of the Framework Vision and propose

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Sally Horsfall Eaton Centre for Studies in Community Health (addition)

Street and sidewalk as a part of public space network of university is also integrated into the master plan. For this project, we paid attention to the sidewalk and used some strategies on the main floor to have a widened sidewalk and have more transparency and accessibility at grade. Lighting, trees, pedestrianizing laneways could support this idea even more.

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PROJECT BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW

2.0

2.4. Specific Allocation Roof Green Roof, Mechanical Room

6th Floor and Mezzanine Private Office, Meeting Room, Large Workstation, Reception and Waiting Lobby

2ed to 5th Floor Classroom (16,30,60 seats), Breakout Room, Quit Room, Workstation, Lounge Interconnected Floor 2ed to 3th Floor 1st Floor Main Entrance and Lobby, Classroom (100 seats) Food Service, Work Room, Workstation Registration Room Interconnected Floor to 1st & 2ed Floor First Basement Floor 6 Disabled Parking,16 Car Parks, Recycle Room Typical Basement Floor Split Level Parking for 76 Car Parks Mechanical Room, Long-term Storage, Custodial Storage Storm Water Run-Off Collect and filter rain water to reuse in the services of the building

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ONTARIO BUILDING CODE

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3.0

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ONTARIO BUILDING CODE

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3.0

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ONTARIO BUILDING CODE

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3.0

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ONTARIO BUILDING CODE

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ONTARIO BUILDING CODE

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3.0

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MATERIALS & METHODS ANALYSIS

4.0

4.0 INTRODUCTION In this part we will focus on the materials that shape the building, how they function together as a unit in order to create a coherent barrier between the inside and the outside to handle the variation in different types of weathers in Toronto during different phases of the year, based on our study/considerations the selection/choices of materials and the conclusions in each stage.

We need to identify the appropriate solutions to make the given project i.e. The Classroom Building not only perform but to also be an example to set sustainability standards by being a net zero building along with the aim to achieve LEED Gold rating. We made sure to focus on the below so that we design a low energy building: • Limiting the window to wall ratio to 40%.

• Ensure Continuity in the different layers of the facade.

• Occupancy and daylighting controls for lights and equipment.

• Reduce dependency on the artificial energy & tapping the energy use to increase efficiency each time • Focus on providing a compact and simple form for our building that helps in it being easier to build and maintain.

• Student centric design approach

Façade Concept Exploded View BUILDING ENVELOPE Even though the building envelope is defined to be a physical separator between the exterior (unconditioned environment) and interior (conditioned environment) by protecting the interior from the exterior elements (Control functions). It also has to provide stability for the building from all the different loads and forces (structural support) in addition to having an appearance that is aesthetically appealing (finishes).

The approach to explaining our building envelope will be structured in the below order: • • • • • • • •

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Soil Type Structure Wall Assemblies Insulations Green Roof Assembly Enclosure Transition Details Interiors Sustainable Approach – LEED GOLD

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MATERIALS & METHODS ANALYSIS

4.0

4.1 STRUCTURE 4.1.1 SOIL TYPE & FOUNDATION • According to the surficial geology of the area we are located in glacial lake deposits, we have our first layer as sand and silty sand over shallow water and sand. The bedrock geology map shows we are at bedrock area of Georgian Bay that consists of shale, limestone, dolostone, and siltstone.

• As we are dealing with a mid rise building and we are already excavating 5 storeys for parking that would mean we are reaching the stable part of the soil.

• For that reason, we decided to go with a shallow foundation using the raft or mat method as to transfer the whole weight of the building into the slab instead of having smaller zones with individual footings as this provides more stability considering the concrete structure of our building.

4.1.2 CONCRETE SPECIFICATIONS Based on the General Thumb Rules • Columns Basement: 1400mm x 300mm, 700mm x 300mm Upper Floors: 700mm x 300mm

4.1.3 SLABS, BEAMS & COLUMNS Two Way Slab with Beams The two-way slab will deflect in a dish or saucerlike form under the action of loads. Corners of the two-way slab lift up if the slab is not cast monolithically with the supports (walls/beams) The two-way slab is designed for both the directions as it bends in both directions. In two-way slabs, the main bars are provided in both directions, and they are perpendicular to each other.

The usual thickness of these slabs is in the range of 100mm to 200mm depending upon span. (governed by deflection criteria based on the associated dead load and live loads calculations & construction techniques). Two-way slab is suitable and economical for the panel sizes up to 6m x 6m.

The choice between these different two-way slab systems is made based on the architectural, structural (amount of the design loads, span lengths, and provided lateral load-resisting systems), and construction considerations.

• Retaining Wall thickness along the property line & the Service Core : 300mm • • • •

Thickness of slab: 150 mm Depth of the beam: 300mm x 300mm Basement Height FFL - 2.7m Total Excavation – 13.3m (Excluding Foundation)

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MATERIALS & METHODS ANALYSIS 4.2.1.3 Specifications

4.2 BUILDING ENVELOPE 4.2.1 FIBER CEMENT PANELS 4.2.1.1 Introduction • The Reliable friend who is not too flashy or too demanding but stands by you even as you opt for the flashier date only to be there with open arms when you go over budget and realize you had the right answer standing in front of you.

Concrete Column

Hat Bar Profile

4.0

Metal Corner Profile Metal Stud Fibre Cement Panel Horizontal Z-Girt

Range between • Length: 2400 - 3000mm • Width: 900 - 1200mm • Thickness: 4.5 - 18mm • Density: Low to High

4.2.1.4 Performance All by itself, fiber cement is not well-equipped to protect a building against moisture penetration.

However, most fiber cement cladding manufacturers produce Backer Boards and other underlay materials that can enhance the building envelope’s overall performance.

Hence the necessary components are:

Corner Joint

Air Gap

Rigid Insulation Fibre Cement Panel

The Weather Barrier : Reduces water intrusion while allowing water vapor to escape.

Horizontal Z-Girt

Flashing: Prevents water and air intrusion around windows and doors

Water Resistant Barrier

Make & Pattern Suggested: Hardie board / Equitone

4.2.1.2 Benefits • Fiber cement cladding is a great, durable low-cost alternative to more extravagant cladding options like wood and stone.

• It is often a background material, the kind of lightly textured stuff that you could walk by every day and not really notice.

• But when you do notice it, you realize that it is actually quite beautiful. Maybe it is gently washed with gray tones, neatly accented with corner screws or tiled in a nice fractal pattern • One of the main reasons that architects opt for fiber cement over other low-cost alternatives is that, when detailed properly, it looks like a much more expensive product.

• Dense, high-quality fiber cement panels can mimic the appearance of stone or concrete at a much lower cost.

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4.2.1.5 Challenges A) Thermal Insulation • On its own, fiber cement cladding has a very low R-value. In order to improve its thermal resistance, it is necessary to supplement fiber cement with additional insulation. Hence it has to be backed up with thermal breakage products that can be incorporated to prevent heat loss through the building envelope B) Acoustic Insulation • Fiber cement sheets rate poorly in terms of sound transmission. However additional layers have to be added to enhance the building envelope’s overall performance.

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4.0

MATERIALS & METHODS ANALYSIS 4.2.2 CURTAIN WALL ASSEMBLY

4.2.2.2 Triple Layer Fritted Glass

4.2.2.1 Introduction

• Contributing towards energy efficient Façade

Curtain wall systems are typically designed with extruded aluminum framing members infilled with glass.

These are large metal-framed sheets of glazing that are anchored from the floor slabs of a building. This system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, utilized only to keep the weather out and the occupants in.

• High-performance glass will be used with ceramic digital printing.

• The building façade will feature panels of Guardian Sun Guard Super Neutral 68 in a tripleglazed assembly which controls light, manages solar heat gain and contributes to the overall aesthetic goals of the design.

FRITTED GLASS

Since the curtain wall is non-structural, it can be made of lightweight materials, thereby reducing construction costs.

When glass is used as the curtain wall, an advantage is that natural light can penetrate deeper within the building.

incorporates strong visual markers, making it bird-friendly.

• The design allows subtle glimpses into the building from the public domain. It also transforms natural light into a dynamic interior design elements.

The wall transfers lateral wind loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections at floors or columns of the building.

• The fritted glazing also protects by softening the amount of daylight that permeates the interior

1 2 3 4 5 6

A curtain wall is designed to resist air and water infiltration, absorb sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, withstand wind loads and support its own dead load weight forces.

- 30

R-Value : 6 Instead of 3.7 • Layer 2 – Low E • Layer 3 - Tinted • Layer 5 - Tinted

4.2.3 INSULATION 4.2.3.1 Types of Insulation

Components of a curtain wall: Transom | Mullions | Vision Glass | Anchor

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Classification as per R-Values (Per inch of Thickness) • Styrofoam XPS: R-13 • Aerogel Insulation : R - 20 • Spray Foam : R - 4.5/5.0 PAGE | 14

4.0

MATERIALS & METHODS ANALYSIS 4.3 BUILDING ENCLOSURE

Heating Island Effect

WATER RESISTANT BARRIER

Extend Water Resistant Barrier at least 6� above transition Install Flashing to kick the water out before transition

Fiber Cement Panel Cladding

FLASHING

Top of Marble Reveal Flashing Lap Continuous Air Vapour Barrier

Exterior Cladding Transition Between Marble & Fiber Cement Panels

Sectional Elevation

Detail @ Foundation Level GROUP 5 | CLASSROOM BUILDING

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4.0

MATERIALS & METHODS ANALYSIS 4.4 INTERIORS

4.5.2 Features Included Rendered View Classroom

SPACE Classroom

Corridor

AREA

MATERIAL

PURPOSE

Ceiling

Acoustical Perforated Panels

Sound Absorption

Floor

Carpet Tiles

Noise Reduction

Wall

Curtain Wall / Gypsum Type X

Privacy / Sound Proofing

Ceiling

Exposed Concrete

Max. Ceiling Height & Aesthetics

Floor

Tiles

High Traffic Area

Gypsum + Paint

Acoustics + Bio Safe Paints : Non Toxic, Zero VOC (Volatile Organic Compound)

Wall

The incorporation of roof gardens (50% of the roof area) and installation of photovoltaic panels towards Sustainable site development. Hence preserving the surrounding environment Collect and Filter Rainwater to Reuse them in the services of the building

Parking spots for Bicycles & encouraging the use of Public Transport for daily commuting.

4.5 LEED GOLD Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

4.5.1 LEED Checklist

Emphasis on increased amount of natural light and use of efficient fixtures to save energy.

For New Construction S.NO.

DESCRIPTION

POINTS

1

Location and Transportation

16

2

Sustainable Site

10

3

Water Efficiency

11

4

Energy and Atmosphere

33

5

Material & Resources

13

6

Indoor Environmental Quality

16

7

Innovation

6

8

Regional Priority

4

9

TOTAL

110

LEED - GOLD

60 - 79

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4.6 CONCLUSION • This helped us alot in the understanding connections between various structural components using common materials for different assemblies like walls, roof, etc. with efficiency.

• Addressing the challenges of continuity of waterproofing layer, air, vapour barriers and thermal layers in building envelope in order to have functional enclosure.

• To achieve flexible and technologically-advanced working environments by consideration of using materials that have low impact on environment and follow LEED standards.

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BIM ANALYSIS (REVIT)

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BIM ANALYSIS (REVIT)

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BIM ANALYSIS (REVIT)

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BIM ANALYSIS (REVIT)

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this design of Classroom building in Ryerson University Campus integrates the contents that we learnt from our courses in IPLAN. There are many challenges in OBC review and Materials and Methods analyzing due to shapes of building and with Revit modeling during the whole process.

Ontario Building Code • OBC became the guide in the design decisions bringing in correct placement of circulation elements, openings, travel distances etc.

• It sets the minimum standards for construction to minimize the risk to the health and safety of the occupants of a building, however we have provided a few components more than required by the code.

6.0

BIM Revit • Although we faced many challenges with Revit, the outcome was satisfactory and we were able to create a high-quality project with a very strong set of drawings However, all these challenges made a good opportunity for us to improve our knowledge in real project.

We are able to understand the building design starting from inception, Ontario Building Code reviewing, building materials and envelope, BIM Revit modeling.

Therefore, after this project we have confidence to work in the local professional area.

• The implementation and use of the Ontario Building Code helps to minimize the risk to the health, welfare and safety of the public.

Materials and Methods • This helped us a lot in the understanding connections between various structural components using common materials for different assemblies like walls, roof, etc. with efficiency.

• Addressing the challenges of continuity of waterproofing layer, air, vapour barriers and thermal layers in building envelope in order to have functional enclosure.

• To achieve flexible and technologically-advanced working environments by consideration of using materials that have low impact on environment and follow LEED standards

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REFERENCES

7.0

7.1 Refrences Ryerson University Master Plan (March 2008) Ryerson University Master Plan (August 2016) Ontario Building Code (2012) Zoning by Low (City of Toronto) Fundamental of Building construction (Edward Allen and Joseph Lano)(2013) https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/bim https://www.aproplan.com/blog/quality-management-plan-construction/what-is-bim-what-are-itsbenefits-to-the-construction-industry https://constructible.trimble.com/construction-industry/what-is-bim-building-information-modeling https://www.thenbs.ca/ https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11547-the-ohio-state-east-regional-chilled-water-plant https://www.commercialwindows.org/surfacetreatments.php https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/fritted-glass-facade/ https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/8d1c-Bird-Friendly-Best-Practices-Glass.pdf https://architizer.com/blog/product-guides/product-guide/eaktna-fiber-cement-cladding/ http://www.upv.es/contenidos/CAMUNISO/info/U0638944.pdf https://www.ryerson.ca/facilities-management-development/campus-designconstruction/

7.2 Credits: David Hine : OBC Instructor Patrick Saavedra : Materials and methods Instructor Sean Robbins : BIM Instructor Philip Hollet : IPLAN Program Manager, JVS Toronto Diane Brockman : Program Facilitator , JVS Toronto Amirali Hashemi : Teaching Assistant (BIM)

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APPENDIX

8.0

8.1 GREEN ROOF Green roofs are not only a visual improvement over traditional flat or shingled roofs, they provide many environmental benefits as well. They are excellent insulators, filter rainwater, and can protect your roof from damage and decay.

Reduced Heating and Cooling Costs Could save up to 75% of cooling costs and 25% of heating costs with a green roof.

The layers of plants and growing material not only provide additional insulation to the structure beneath, but the respiration of the plants actively cools the surrounding air, helping mitigate the urban heat island effect. When the outside temperature is 25 to 30°C, a gravel roof can reach 60 to 80°C. Green roofs remain at the same temperature as the outside air, and rooms under a green roof would generally be 3 – 4°C less than that.

Increased Roof Lifespan Reduced temperature variations and no UV radiation mean that the waterproofing won’t deteriorate over time as it would in a typical roof. You could expect your roof membrane to last 2 to 3 times longer than usual Reduced and Filtered Stormwater Run-Off A green roof will retain 50 – 75% of summertime precipitation. Any run-off is filtered through the plants and soil, and is therefore delayed, reducing combined sewer overflows. The filtering process also significantly reduces the pollutants present in the run-off.

With a green roof, an additional factor is the depth of soil or growing medium on the roof. Some plants can do well in thin soils, and others require more depth for rooting. On a green roof, deeper soils mean more weight, which in turn means a stronger structure to support the roof.

Plants Suitable For 5 Cm Of Growing Medium On shallow green roofs, the growing medium is usually quite inorganic. This is to reduce the overall weight. As a result, the plants suitable to this type of roof are hardy, shallow-rooting varieties that can survive in poor, dry conditions.

These types of roofs are often used in inaccessible places, so low maintenance plants are preferred.

Filtration of Pollutants out of the Air and Water A green roof will remove 8 kg of airborne particulates per year and generate enough oxygen to supply approx 850 people with their yearly requirements.

Sound Insulation Noise can be reduced by 40 – 50 decibels in a room under a 6 inch deep green roof.

The environmental benefits are also combined with increased aesthetic appeal leading to an increased asset value as well

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APPENDIX

8.0

8.2 TRANSPARENCY / NET TO GROSS RATIO

TRANSPARENCY OF FACADE

NET TO GROSS RATIO CIRCULATION SPACE GROUP 5 | CLASSROOM BUILDING

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8.0

APPENDIX 8.3 INTERIORS SPACE

AREA

MATERIAL

PURPOSE

Classroom

Ceiling

Acoustical Perforated Panels

Sound Absorption

Floor

Carpet Tiles

Noise Reduction

Wall

Curtain Wall / Gypsum Type X

Privacy / Sound Proofing

Ceiling

Exposed Concrete

Max. Ceiling Height & Aesthetics

Floor

Tiles

High Traffic Area

Wall

Gypsum Type X + Paint

Acoustics + Bio Safe Paints : Non Toxic, Zero VOC (Volatile Organic Compound)

Corridor

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APPENDIX

8.0

8.4 RENDER VIEWS

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APPENDIX

8.0

8.5 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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