Portfolio for MLA Landscape Architecture, UCL

PORTFOLIO

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Selected works 2015 - 2018 Application number: 19104563

XU HEYILU For the Application to MLA Landscape Architecture The Bartlett, UCL

XU HEYILU Tel: +86 15196639873 E-mail: 1091237078@qq.com

Education Background 09/2014 - 06/2019

Sichuan Agricultural University, China Bachelor of Landscape Architecture

Internship Experience 07/2017 - 08/2017

Company: Sichuan Guantang Architectural Engineering Design Co., Ltd. Department: (Landscape Design) Product R&D Center Main responsibility: Follow up the company project including discussing the concept plan, drawing and participating in the company meetings

Honors and Awards 12/2017 10/2017 05/2015

Campus Urban Design Competition, Prize for Excellence Campus Flower Arranging Competition, Prize for Excellence Outstanding Volunteer of the College

On-Campus Activities 10/2014 - 06/2015

Institution: Sichuan Agricultural University Department: Organization Department of the Youth League Committee Main responsibility: Responsible for planning all kinds of volunteer activities and university-level activities, and participating in the winter volunteer teaching activities and art evening party organized by the university.

Skills Professional: Graphic: Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign, V-Ray, Arcgis, QGIS, Globle Mapper, Hand Drawing 3D Modeling: Sketch Up, Auto CAD, Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Lumion Making: Physical Modeling

Other: MS Office, SPSS

CONTENT 01

In Between The Water Rethink the balance framework between water and city

01

Location: Leshan, China Size: 11,524,000 square metres Category: Analysis and Planning Subject name: Landscape Planning and Design Nature of involvement: Individual work Academic year level of the studio: Spring 2018

02

The Sunken Forest Strategies of ecological restoration to cope with the transformation of resource-based cities

09

Location: Huangshi, China Size: 1,379,000 square metres Category: Analysis and Planning Subject name: Landscape Planning and Design Nature of involvement: Individual work Academic year level of the studio: Spring 2018

03

Overlapping Dopamine In The City A new landscape installation utilizing vertical space

17

Location: Chengdu, China Size: 4,761 square metres Category: General design Subject name: Landscape Architecture Design Nature of involvement: Individual work Academic year level of the studio: Spring 2017

04

Innovation In Religious Space Research on the Sustainability of Religious Space in Urbanization Location: Chengdu, China Category: Research Subject name: Landscape Planning and Design Nature of involvement: Individual work Academic year level of the studio: Autumn 2017

23

01

In Between The Water Rethink the balance framework between water and city This design reconsiders the relationship between cities and rivers from different perspectives, aiming at breaking the boundary of rigid urban functions and finding a balance between cities and rivers to achieve ecological and urban function restoration on the premise of sustainable development.

1

Minjiang River Minjiang river is an important tributary of the upper Yangtze river in China. It brings valuable resources to urban development, and at the same time, urban development always influences minjiang river. Leshan is the starting point of the lower reaches of the minjiang river. Leshan, a city surrounded by water, is also a city of agricultural and industrial civilization. Minjiang provides abundant water resources for leshan, while the development of industrial agriculture brings great pressure on the city and water.

CHENGDU YIBIN

MEISHAN

LESHAN

DUJIANGYAN

Urban pollution Industry pollution Agriculture pollution Very light Light Medium Heavy The main urban area Adiministrative region

The degree of pollution

0

5KM

10KM

20KM

2

Existing Condition The site is now seriously polluted by industry and agriculture. Sewage discharged from heavy industry pollutes the river and soil. In addition, it is located in the flood prone area. Some farmland, homes and roads are often damaged by floods.

Low water level

Industrial

Medium water level

Green space

High water level

Residential Rural

Land usage

Annual rainfall climate trend distribution

Flood-prone areas

Risk areas of flood and waterlogging risk factors Bad Poor Moderate Good High

-4.2 -26.1 -37.1 -48.0 -59.0

23% Residential

23% Industrial

23% Rural

23% Green space

Bad Poor Moderate Good High

0 0.5KM 0

10

20

40KM

0

10

20

40KM

0

10

20

40KM

2KM

4KM 3

Operation Phasing This series of changes is a long-term planning process, and the new topography is conducive to land use, rain-flood management and waterfront space diversification.

Morphology

Connection

Green Space

Land Usage

Earthwork

Wetland

Waterfront

Organise the messy woods

Organise the messy woods

Phase 1

Preliminary seperation of terrian

Set up the road network

Type of green spaces

Preliminary division of land types

Trim the terrian

Set up the round birdges

Classification of cultivated land

Earth excavation phase 2

Final morphology

Establish connections between wetlands

Add other green space

Standardize and add land types

Earth excavation phase 1

Phase 2

Vary with the terrian

Earth fill

Build motor vehicle lanes and sidewalks

Increase tree species

Establish the connection

Build a horizontal platform

Phase 3

4

Framework

Existing status

Master Plan

Phase 1

Farmland

Phase 2

Phase 3

Wetland

Aquaponics

Pool

Waterfront

Low water level

Industrial

Industrial

Road system

Medium water level

Green space

Green space

Round bridge

High water level

Residential

Residential

Rural

Rural

Wharf

0

1KM

2KM

4KM

Multi-layers

Water

Land

Buildings

Circulaitons 5

Important Nodes The six nodes cover fields, wetlands, riparian areas and other areas, providing people with more recreational ways while improving the ecological environment.

d an

l

rm

Fa

p ua

Aq

nt

at W

e

o rfr

cs

i on

nd

la et W

l

o Po

rf

W

ha

6

Aquaponics Through the combination of aquaculture and hydroponics cultivation, the fishvegetable symbiosis system achieves scientific and cooperative symbiosis, realizes the sustainable and circular zero-emission low-carbon production mode, and effectively solves the agricultural ecological crisis.

7

Waterfront Rain-flood management embankment sets walkways and platforms for different water levels in different periods to meet people's different needs and bring rich viewing experience.

Plant Configuration Arbors

Shrubs

Taxodium mucronatum

Bischofia

Goldenrain

Dragon juniper

Rhododendron

Pond sypress

Pterocarya

Swampsypress

Boxwood

Ligustrun lucidum

Aquatics

Loropetalum

Calamus

Pogostemon stellatus

Phragmites

Iridaceae

Gratiolae herba

Thalia

8

02

The Sunken Forest Strategies of ecological restoration to cope with the transformation of resource-based cities Based on the problem of urban mineral resource exhaustion and remaining mining pits, the project analyzed the climatic conditions to make the mining pits adapt themselves, give play to their topographic advantages while carrying out land reclamation, and improve the ecological environment on a certain basis. And make full use of mining elements, and create interesting sightseeing experience.

9

Timeline

Existing Condition After many years of mining, the pit has formed a huge pit about 400 meters deep. The exposed surface has brought about great dust pollution, and the geological instability has caused the collapse of the pit.In addition, the vegetation coverage in this area cannot be recovered naturally.

1890

Zhang zhidong set up a mining bureau in huangshi iron mountain district in 1890.

1896

In 1896, sheng xuanhuai set up the "coal and iron mine administration of hubei", and hired a British miner, guo shidun, to survey coal and iron deposits.

1923

In 1923, the lower land strike of daye iron ore miners was the first successful strike in China.

1942

The first iron mine of China's mineral resources was plundered by invading Japanese troops.

1980

In 1980, Daye iron works imported a variety of mining equipment, open pit continued to expand.

2003

After years of mining, the east open pit formed the world's first steep slope with a drop of 444 meters.

Landslide

Macadam court

Mine pits in Huangshi City

0

50 100

Debris flow

Mountain collapse

200m

Mine pit area Main road Small square

Vegetation scarce

Waste-rock yard Mine pits Site

10

Climatic Condition Analysis

Adaptive Mechanism

Anual Temperature

Operational strength C 25 20 15 10 5 0

JAN

FEB

APR

MAR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

OCT

SEP

NOV

IRRIGATION JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

DEC WATER STORAGE

Anual Humidity

*Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature T 25 20 15 10 5

Climate change brings systems into operatio

0

JAN

FEB

APR

MAR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

OCT

SEP

NOV

DEC

Hourly Direct Normal Radiation JAN

FEB

APR

MAR

MAY

W/m2 25 10 0

JUN

JUL

AUG

OCT

SEP

NOV

DEC

Monthly Wind Roses

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

D Wh/m2 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0.00

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

F

OO

R T-P US

JUN

N

IO AT

IG IRR

L

SO

S

ICE

EV

D AR

DEC 11

Rotational Land Uses System Plant Configuration

yr1

DRAINAGE OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Pteridaceae Pseudoacacia

DUST-PROOF OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

yr2

on Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Pseudoacacia Sabina vulgalis

yr3 E

AG

AIN

DR

Cyrtomium fortunei Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Pseudoacacia Sabina vulgalis Populus tomentosa

N

TIO IGA

IRR

N

TIO IGA

E

AG

IRR

R

TE WA

OR ST

yr5 Poa annua Cyrtomium fortunei Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Pseudoacacia Sabina vulgalis Populus tomentosa Cinnamomum camphora Landslide area

Stable area

Unstable area

12

Planting System yr1

yr2

yr3

yr5

yr10

orange boxes

plant saplings

plant saplings

growth

forest

plant saplings

growth

wood harvest

wood harvest

wood harvest

orange boxes

plant saplings

growth

forest

plant saplings

growth

wood harvest

wood harvest

orange boxes

forest

plant saplings

wood harvest

Stable area

Unstable area

Landslide area

drainage system

landslide

Consolidate the terrain

drainage system

By dividing the degree of land stability, planting plans were carried out for three regions separately, and seedlings were transplanted to the next region after growing in the stable region, and so on.Through continuous transplanting and rotation, the height and types of trees in each region are diversified, and the trees can be used as wood or roadside trees to obtain economic benefits.

13

Master Plan The orange boxes are distributed on both sides of the road and are connected to the planting system to distinguish the active area from the dense forest area.

Inspired by the industrial traces of mining, the orange box uses the components, materials and colors of mining equipment to create a retro industrial atmosphere.

The Orange Boxes

Excavator Viewing stand

Pulley lights

Small labyrinth

Tyre seats

Resting seats

Climbing seats

Pavilion

Rock climbing

Drilling machine

Loader

Bulldozer

0

50

100

200m

Strip miner

Mine-car

14

Scenarios

01 Pit entry

02 Wooden footway

03 Facilities

1

8

6 2

04 Rest seat

06 Vegetation

5

7

4

3

05 Small caves

07 Pulley lights

08 The bottom of the pit

With the growth of years, the landscape of the active area is changing day by day, which brings people more experience of viewing and playing. In addition, the planting area creates economic benefits for the local area by constantly replenishing new saplings and removing wood.

15

Section Through Planting Fields Drainage system, sprinkler irrigation system and solar energy equipments provide an adaptive mechanism according to the climate conditions for the mine, which greatly saves human and financial resources, but also for the mine vegetation restoration achievements.

Surface course Cement mortar layer Cement paste

Plain concrete cushion Crustal base

Pebble bed Water perforated strainer Cement sand bed

Plain concrete

Water perforated strainer Cement sand bed Combined course Plain concrete cushion Plain concrete

Rammed earth Rammed earth

16

03

Overlapping Dopamine In The City A new landscape installation utilizing vertical space This design is inspired by the dopamine produced by the human body, which brings the excitement and pleasure to the human body, as the green space brings vitality to the city, and it can activate the existence of high-density urban layout. The benzene ring of dopamine is used as a framework to build a new kind of landscape that can provide people with active space as the city develops.

17

With the acceleration of urbanization, more and more supercities are emerging. People are willing to work and settle in big cities, but besides the spread of urban boundaries, what methods can gvie people more space?

The site is located in the sub-cbd area of chengdu, sichuan province, China.

Chengdu is a second-tier city in China, but with the current development trend, chengdu is undoubtedly a first-tier city. Therefore, the urban construction height and density in chengdu can be referred to the existing big cities.

Route of tourists

Route of office workers

Route of students

Route of residents

SITE

Density of population

CHENGDU SICHUAN

QINGYANG DISTRICT

Total population

160 Person/Square kilometre

1600 million people

140

1200

80

800 400

40 0

CHINA

SICHUAN

CHENGDU

1000 2000 3000 Person/Square kilometre

CHINA CHENGDU

0

CHINA CHENGDU

10 20 30 40 millon people

Green space

Commercial

Educational

Intermixing

Hospital

Residential

18

Height analysis

0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80+

New York 2017

Hong Kong 2017

Chicago 2017

Shanghai 2017

Increasingly tight urban land use

(floors)

Chengdu 2017

Guidance of dopamine to city

Chengdu 2017

Chengdu 2047

Scaling OH

HO

×15

×5

Social Distance

×2

1200mm

NH2

×10

×30

dopamine

OH HO

NH2

dopamine

12

50

00 0

mm

0m 900

m

00 m

m

m 0m 450

35 00

mm

m 0m 225

19

Masterplan

Combination

Two monomers

Three monomers

0

5

10

20m

Four monomers

20

Perspective View

m 0m 225

m 0m 450

m 0m 900 21

Jointed furnitures for a monomer

Furniture Combination

22

04

Innovation In Religious Space Research on the sustainability of religious space in urbanization Based on the background of China's urbanization process, this project takes chengdu buddhist religious space as the research object, discusses the sustainability of religious space in contemporary society, and puts forward a top-down hierarchical implementation strategy, so as to put forward Suggestions for the development of religious space in the urbanization process.

23

Research on the Sustainability of Religious Space in Urbanization Abstract: Religious space refers to the special places and places with sacred nature that are legally reserved for religious activities in cities.Religious space is not only the material carrier of urban belief activities, but also the objective embodiment of urban pattern transformation.After thousands of years of development and dissemination, there are five institutional religions in China, namely Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism, Christianity and Islam.Their respective religious space has been developing and adapting to the new social environment in the long history.

In the process of religious space participating in urbanization, it also faces many challenges.The expansion of cities poses a threat to their development. The change of human spiritual needs determines that religious space can only be one type of urban public space.

The change of audience also requires that religious space can better coordinate with other urban public space.As a result, religious space is not only a place for spiritual comfort, but also a complex with more complex functions.

Based on the background of China's urbanization process, this project takes chengdu buddhist religious space as the research object, discusses the sustainability of religious space in contemporary society, and puts forward a top-down hierarchical implementation strategy, so as to put forward Suggestions for the development of religious space in the urbanization process.

Methodology Research Based on China's urbanization process

Select Samples 30 buddhist temples within the second ring expressway of chengdu

Analyze

Conclusion

Strategy

Plane layout

Aesthetic quality

(1)Planning level

Transportation

Material conditions

(2)Management level

Neighbourhood

Social functions

(3)Implementation level

Other facts 7 representative temples

Space and vision Evaluation of public space

24

The problem that religious space appears in urbanization process

2005 1994

Sample temples

2001

2007

1998 2003

2014

1994 2001 1995 1999

2009 Within first-ring road

2007

Within second-ring road

1998

Within third-ring road

Through layering analysis on the right side, 7 temples with characteristics in all aspects were selected from 30 temples for further analysis.

872.3K

406.7K

760.5K

1000K

782.5K

537.5K

1226K

761.4K 317.2K

5

9

6

10

8

3

12

15

9

Population of each district

13

6

3

Social function: nowadays, religious space plays a complex role for the whole society, which is not only the source of cultural output, but also the gradual adaptation of religious space to market economy and the pursuit of interests for long-term development, which will inevitably have a negative impact on religious activities.

12

Aesthetic quality: as a part of urban public space, the improvement of the aesthetic quality of religious space is one of the development directions for the perfection of the overall image of the city and the standardization of space scale. However, the development of some temples is still at the basic level.

Material conditions: through field visits and data analysis, it is found that the material conditions of many religious Spaces often cannot meet the needs of use. With the transformation of social concepts, people's faith will gradually reach a balance, and the construction of religious space, whether in quantity or quality, is deficient.

690.7K

508.6K

Under the background of China's rapid urbanization process, people's spiritual needs in religion show a steady growth trend, and religion is also changing its forms increasingly to adapt to this fast-changing era. Nowadays, the relationship between religious space and urban public space is a topic that can only be discussed by advocating the active integration of religious space into contemporary life. In this study, buddhist temples within the second ring expressway of chengdu city were taken as research samples to try to discuss the sustainability of religious space in the urbanization process in terms of material conditions, social functions and aesthetic qualities:

847.8K

Established before 1994 Established after 1994 Opening year

901.2K

Within fourth-ring road

Other public places

25

Wenshuyuan

Tiexiang Temple

Daci Temple

Baoguang Temple

Zhaojue Temple

Randeng Temple

Erjiang Temple

Plane Layout

Lack of green space No obvious axis Lack of materialized space Lack of architectural function Buildings

Space scale imbalance

Sacred area Secular area

50m

Landscape area Axis

Transportation

Complex road conditions Far away from bus stops

2 23

0 15

2 16

0 14

0 18

0 13

Neighbourhood

3 25

Bus stop Metro station Metro line River

Overcommercialization Complex surrounding environment Eroded by other public spaces Green space River

Other Facts

Far away from urban arterial roads

Commercial area Residential area

Construction time

617

1590

440s

880

649

600

1825

Repair time

1697

null

1867

1956

1984

1867

1990

Open condition

all year/free

all year/free

all year/free

all year/5rmb

all year/free

all year/free

all year/free

Protection level

provincial

null

provincial

national

municipal

null

null

Low level of protection Lack of renovation Access restrictions No famous historical events and characters 26

Tiexiang Temple

Daci Temple

Baoguang Temple

Zhaojue Temple

Randeng Temple

Erjiang Temple

entrance

Wenshuyuan

main shrine

Moderate

Spacious

Spacious and exquisite

Large scale

Moderate

Moderate

Inconspicuous entrance space

Large scale and qxquisite

Small scale

Spacious

Exquisite

Magnificent

Small and rough

Moderate

Wide and exquisite

Moderate

Long and winding

Wide and traditional

Narrow but exquisite

Narrow

greening

Wide and exquisite

Unbalanced spatial scale Uncoordinated color Spatial monotony

aisle

Space and vision

Small scale

Monotony of plant configuration Lack of landscape Over-commercialization

Sparse trees

Sparse trees

Disorderd woods

Symmetric tree arrays

Dwarf shrubs group

Sparse symmetrical trees

Traditional street style

Traditional street style

Exquisite antique style

Rough antique style

Modern architectural style

Traditional street style

Mismatched European style

Unmatched architecture style

Evaluation of public places

blocks

Tall shady woods

Noise pollution Safe hidden trouble Barrier-free facilities Plant species diversity Natrual condition The terrain conditions Rest facilities Directional sign Night lighting No horizon pollution Cultural activities Equipment operating 27

Problems summary Wenshuyuan

Tiexiang Temple

Daci Temple

Baoguang Temple

Zhaojue Temple

Randeng Temple

Erjiang Temple

Strategy Lack of green area No obvious axis Lack of materialized space Lack of architectural function Space scale imbalance Complex road conditions Far away from bus stops Far away from urban arterial roads Far from nature Complex surrounding environment Eroded by other public spaces Low level of protection Lack of renovation Access restrictions No famous historical events and characters Inconspicuous entrance space Unbalanced spatial scale Uncoordinated color Spatial monotony Monotony of plant configuration Lack of landscape Over-commercialization Unmatched architecture style

Aesthetic quality

Material conditions

Social functions

Layout: the seven samples are all axisymmetric or partially axisymmetric, which is closely related to the origin of buddhist temples.

However, considering the geographical location and occupied area of each sample, the layout pattern of each sample is reasonable to follow. In the long run, the centralized courtyard structure may no longer become the mainstream, and users' spatial logic and dynamic streamline will be more accustomed to the modern independent structure centralized space type.

It can be seen from the analysis that the performance of each sample is uneven in material conditions, social functions and aesthetic qualities, which has a lot to do with their specificity. Each temple is a unique development result in the process of urbanization. The relationship between religious space and urban public space is a complex and multidimensional problem. In order to integrate religious space into modern cities and re-establish the image of urban public space, a top-down strategy is proposed:

Planning level: 1. Planning principle based on local conditions 2. Cultivating distinctive religious symbols 3. Person-centered principle Management level: 1. Organize regular religious activities 2. Effective publicity and promotion of civic awareness

Transportation: most people believe that religious space in downtown areas is often overwhelmed by secular space, while religious space in the suburbs or between the mountains retains the most simple religious atmosphere. However, it has been proved that the key to balance religious space and urban public space is to grasp the scale.

3. Attach importance to cultural protection

Neighborhood: although the space with only religious function has poor publicity, some overly complex religious space will affect normal religious belief activities, so the exploration of functional compound also has an elastic scale.

5. Implement effective analysis methods

Other facts: Religious space with a long history, profound cultural heritage and strong renovation efforts is often the priority of citizens. In addition, people prefer freely accessible religious Spaces, and ticket prices and religious activities are key to attracting the public for charging admission tickets and temples open only on certain dates.

Space and vision: the development of religion has formed its own unique aesthetic. In the treatment of space, the scale, shape and color are also the results of the long-term collision between religion and secularism. However, the original logic and rules should be followed when making changes.

4. Add composite functions

Implementation level: 1. Add interactive devices 2. Improve space facilities 3. Emphasize the space atmosphere

Evaluation of public space: Each sample was evaluated by referring to the "evaluation index system of public space" established by tongji university based on the theory of human settlement environment, so as to analyze the degree to which religious space is suitable for public activities.

28

Planning

Adjust Measures to Local Conditions

Cultivate Distinctive Religious Symbols

Person-Centered Principle

Planning level:

More bus stops

Religious goods

Ergonomics

Topographic adaptation

Religious brand

Multi-sensory aesthtic

Street culture adaptation

Religious plants

Planning principle based on local conditions: the form and scale of religious space are limited by its geographical environment and topographic conditions, and comprehensive consideration of environment and local atmosphere is an important factor for planning.

Cultivating distinctive religious symbols: religion does not only stay at the spiritual level, but also forms its own religious symbols in the modern society that advocates multi-culture and the combination of religion and various fields, so as to establish a better foundation for the spread and development of religion.

Person-centered principle: any public space should fully consider people's feelings of use. For religious space, meeting the needs of believers and the public is the most basic condition. In addition to the sacred space, the secular space can also be more attractive and can bring people a renewed experience in a variety of senses.

Management level: Organize regular religious activities: in addition to the various religious activities of believers, they can also organize regular preaching or more participatory activities.

Effective publicity and promotion of civic awareness: the public's awareness of religion may still remain in the primary stage of understanding, and improving the publicity and popularization significance of religious space will become the development trend in the future.

Management

Attach importance to cultural protection: both material and non-material culture should be strictly protected and inherited, so at the management level, the state or government should take corresponding measures.

Organize Regular Religious Activities Buddhism class Pilgrimage

Effective Publicity and Promotion of Civic Awareness

Add Composite Functions

Publicity boards

Commercial

Buddhism website

Experience project

Buddhist journals

Recreation

Attach Importance to Cultural Protection Appropriate protection level Periodic renovation

Implement Effective Analytical Methods Based on big data Periodic questionaire

Adding composite functions: adding more functions will make religious space more attractive to the public, but it does not mean that all kinds of messy public Spaces can be imposed.

Implement effective analysis methods: regular analysis, research and summary will better promote the integration of religious space into modern society.

29

Implementation

Implementation level: The implementation level is the level that is most closely related to the human scale. Whether it is aesthetic quality or material conditions, this level is the most intuitive and direct. So the implementation level is an important embodiment of the strategy implemented from top to bottom.

Add composite functionality and add business elements.

Add interactive devices: with the progress of interdisciplinary research, cooperation in various fields adds more color to life. In religious space, we can make full use of interactive devices, such as adding automatic science popularization points and various interactive devices.

Increase the use of religion-related plants, such as lotus in Buddhism.

Add the space for people to stay in public activities.

Add cameras at entrances and exits to improve the security of religious spaces.

Add illume device, besides night illume, it also have guide function.

Enhance the natural nature of religious space and provide users with richer activity space.

Add signboards to provide users with clearer routes of activity.

Replace the closed side door with a passageway to enhance interaction with the outside world.

Add recreational facilities such as meditation room to experience religious atmosphere.

Improving space facilities: with the gradual improvement of human material needs with social development, religious space, as a public space in cities, should keep pace with The Times and add all kinds of necessary space facilities.

Emphasis on space atmosphere: human beings' pursuit of aesthetics or spirit is also improving day by day. In religious space, not only the use of color, but also the acceptance and excessive of various Spaces is worth continuous improvement.

References

Add bus stops to improve the accessibility of religious space.

[1] Jin, Q., 2012. A preliminary study on the spatial distribution of religions in xi 'an. Beijing Planning Review, 19(5), p.99-102.

[2] Du, J., 2013. Study on the plane layout of 20 hanhanded buddhist temples in China. Available at: http://kns. cnki.net/kns/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=1014010466. nh&DbName=CMFD2014.

[3] Zhou, J., 2013. Discussion on evaluation index system of urban public space quality. Architect, 1(3), p.52-56.

[4] Xie, R.& Wu, B., A review of studies on religious tourism in China and abroad over the past 30 years. Tourism Tribune, 30(1), p.111-125.

[5] Wang, X., 2010. A preliminary study on construction of plant landscape in chinese religious garden. Available at: http:// kns.cnki.net/kns/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=2010128814. nh&DbName=CMFD2010.

[6] Wang, K., 2013. Study on the structure and development of temple landscape architecture in sichuan. Available at: http:// kns.cnki.net/kns/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=1014103006. nh&DbName=CMFD2014.

[7] Yang, T., 2017. Study on the visual image design of temples. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kns/detail/detail. aspx?FileName=1017201274.nh&DbName=CMFD2017.

30

Thanks for reading!