Thesis Research Seminar
07.12. 2021
Topic
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism Illustration credits : Getty Images
Karthikeyan B
I
SPA/NS/UP/1453 I School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi.
01
Structure
of Research Paper
1. Importance and Need of Pedestrianization (Questions and facts). 2. AIM, Objectives & Methodology 3. Pedestrianization
4.
5.
• • •
Concept Benefits of Pedestrianization Chronology of pedestrian concept
• • •
Concept Key elements of Tactical urbanism Case studies
Tactical Urbanism
Walkability • • • • • •
Concept Neighborhood Walkability Walkability condition in Indian cities Comparative matrix for various international and national Walkability assessment models. Key Findings of Comparative analysis Institutions responsible for Walkability in India
•
Assessment Hierarchy 1. Measuring Intersection Quality 2. Measuring Street Quality 3. Measuring Neighborhood Quality Sub Parameters Scoring Methodology
6. Developing a Assessment tool
7.
• •
Strategic Planning framework for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
02
Questions? Importance & Need of Research 1. How pedestrian friendly are our streets?
2. How children's friendly are our streets?
Each year more than one fifth of the people killed on the road Accidents. In India 10% of road death are pedestrian.
31 children die in road crashes in India everyday. As per annual report on Road Accident Deaths in India, 2019.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
3. Are Physically challenged People Provided Equal Access to Public Places ? According to a report by the World Health Organization, approximately 15% of people across the world are disabled. This would translate to more than 150 million persons with disabilities in India. In other words, almost one amongst every six persons in India has some form of disability.
Source: • Annual report on Road Accident Deaths in India, 2019. • Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016. • GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
03
Questions? Importance & Need of Research 4. Are our Cities breathable ? The air pollution is one of the main causes of death in the world. As per WHO, which are about to touch the dangerous level. Sadly, India is one of the countries with maximum number of polluted cities in the world.
5. Are our streets interactive social spaces ? Our street lacks in Social life and interactives.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
6. Nearly one third of all daily trips in New Delhi are made on foot. Though pedestrians and public transport users together form the largest group of road users, pedestrians have the largest share in road traffic fatalities, varying between 45% and 51%
Source: • Annual report on Road Accident Deaths in India, 2019. • Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Road Accidents in India 2016. • GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2018.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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AIM AIM To understand the loss of walkable quality in streets and formulate the strategic tactical plan to develop them as vibrant dense walkable environment.
Objectives •
To analyze and document various Pedestrianization/Walkability related issues.
•
Analyze the current situation of Walkability in cities.
•
To develop Walkability assessment tool for Neighborhood.
•
To develop and prepare the strategic planning framework to address the walkability issues.
Research Questions •
What are key factors that impact the pedestrian safety in Indian cities?
•
What measures can be adopted to bring a Interactive public places and pedestrian together ?
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Methodology Understanding the walkability condition.
Importance of walkability will be observed both globally and in Indian context.
Understanding the Evolution of Pedestrianization.
Study of the Pedestrianization and Tactical urbanism uses cases.
Understanding Assessment of walkability index research/use cases across globe.
Shortlisting relevant use cases/ research based on relevance Recent technologies, Innovativeness & Adaptability in Indian context.
Developing the Walkability assessment tool
Develop a strategic planning methodology for Tactical urbanism in Neighbourhood Pedestrianization
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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Concept - Pedestrianization
Summary of Pedestrianization Benefits
the process of making a street or part of a town into an area that is only for people who are walking, not for vehicles.
Pedestrianization
Walkability Hierarchy CITYWIDE WALKABILITY
Urban Benefits
Social Benefits
• Car use, Congestion & Parking Reduction • Mobility & Accessibility Improvement • Heritage Preservation and Urban Renewal
• Social Interaction Enhancement • Sense of Security and Safety Increase • Community Livability Enhancement • Public Spaces
Pedestrian friendly Streets
Provision
NEIGHBOURHOOD WALKABILITY STREET-LEVEL
Complete Pedestrian streets
WALKABILITY
term related to Pedestrianization
Traffic reduction
Congestion reduction
Historic preservation
Main street revitalization
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Improvement of urban quality
Environmental Benefits
Economic Benefits
• Air pollution Reduction • Noise Reduction • Greenery and plantation • Environmentally Friendly transportation • Traffic Congestion Reduction
• Economic Productivities Improvement • High Pedestrian Traffic • Sales & Retail Rent Increase • High Employment Ratio • Local Shops Economic Revival
Source: RECLAIMING STREETS AS PUBLIC SPACES FOR PEOPLE, nfadda@aucegypt.edu
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Key elements of Tactical Urbanism
INTRODUCTION to tactical urbanism "Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper," - Eric Reynolds ‘‘An approach to neighbourhood building and activation using short-term, low-cost, and scalable interventions and policies.” - Mike Lydon and Anthony Garcia
Referred to as "guerilla urbanism", "popup" urbanism" "city repair" or " Do it yourself –DIYurbanism". We can define tactical urbanism as the use of simple or temporary revisions to realize long term changes.
ACTIVE EDGES / FRONTAGES
AMENITY
CIRCULATION
LANDUSE INTEGRATION
RIGHT OF WAY
INTERSECTION STUDY
PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS
TRAFFIC CALMING
SHADE STRUCTURES
LANDSCAPE
WAY FINDING
URBAN PRECINCT
TACTICAL URBANISM METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED
Identification of Site Location
Establishing Baseline Data
Development of Design and Tactical Interventions
Materials & Street Elements
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Costing UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY
ACTIVITY MAPPING
Source: A TACTICAL URBANISM GUIDEBOOK, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
ON STREET PARKING
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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CASE STUDIES of Pedestrianization The Times Square Reconstruction, New York City, USA
Pondy Bazar, Chennai
•
Key Findings •
• • • •
Pedestrian injuries have decreased by 40% Vehicular accidents have decreased by 15% Overall crime in the area decreased 20% Five flagship stores opened Retail rents doubled
Key Findings
• •
Key Findings
Central Copenhagen, Denmark
•
• • • •
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Improving streets for walking leads to increase retail sales by up to 30%. Pedestrian footfall increased. Safe for children.
Source: • Ted talk by Sadik khan, New York. Streets not so mean any more. • Snohetta, Times-square project
+ 35% Increase in pedestrian volume within one year after implementation. + 600% in pedestrian space. + 81% increase in outdoor cafeteria + 400% increase in Social life.. + 20% increase in citywide pedestrian volume of average 15m/per day.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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CASE STUDIES on Tactical Urbanism Temporary intervention: November 2019 Stakeholders: GIZ & CCMC with Urban Design Collective as Design Consultant
Big Bazaar Street, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Change in road geometry
Timeline:15 Days Study to implement this intervention started in July 2019 The intervention served as an example for forthcoming permanent redesign of streets across the area including Big Bazaar Road. Funding: The project was funded by GIZ
Key Findings STREET CONDITIONS ADDRESSED • Inadequate pedestrian infrastructure • Lack of shading and seating • Irregular street parking • Varying carriageway widths along the street TYPE OF INTERVENTION • Reducing carriageway width • Intersection redesign • Adding pedestrian crossing points • Seating and shade structures • Games for children on the sidewalk
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Source: A TACTICAL URBANISM GUIDEBOOK, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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What Makes Neighbourhood Walkable friendly
WALKABILITY
Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking.
To measure the Connectivity and quality of walkways, footpaths or sidewalks.
Reflects the built environment health, economics and overall livability of the area.
Availability and usability of footpaths, Safe at-grade crossings, Safety,
Centre
Density
Amenities – Lighting, Shade, Benches & Respect from motorists.
Attributes of a Good Pedestrian Facility
Place Making
Comfort Ambience
Model
Connectivity Accessibility
Parks & Public spaces
Narrow streets
On street parallel parking
Comparison of overlapping dimensions from various studies. 1971
Safety & Security
Mixed Land use/ economy
2008 Walk Urban Demand, Constraints and Pedestrian Measurement of planning and the Urban design Pedestrian Environment; World Bank Report. Attractiveness Public expenditure Comfort Security Convinience Safety Safety Accessibility Security Mobility System Coherence Legal provision
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
2014 Guidelines for Planning and Implementation of Pedestrian infrastructure; DULT, Karnataka Safety Ambience Place making Connectivity Accessibility
Pedestrian Nearby school centric design & Workplace
High walkable friendly neighborhoods has their amenities within 5 minutes i.e. 400-600m.
Neighborhoods with amenities away from 30 minutes
walk(2-2.5km) are considered less friendly.
Comfort Source: Ministry of urban development, May, 2008, Study on Traffic and Transportation policies and strategies in urban areas in India. Ministry of urban development, May, 2008, Study on Traffic and Transportation policies and strategies in urban areas in India. Centre for science and environment (CSE). 2009. Footfalls: Obstacle course to livable cities. New Delhi, India. July 2009
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 10
WALKABILITY CONDITION in Indian Cities
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Source: Ministry of urban development, May, 2008, Study on Traffic and Transportation policies and strategies in urban areas in India.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 11
WALKABILITY CONDITION in Indian Cities
Pedestrian facilities with unsafe pedestrian facility
Pedestrian facilities with bad Accessibility
Pedestrian facilities with Bad Connectivity
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Source: Ministry of urban development, May, 2008, Study on Traffic and Transportation policies and strategies in urban areas in India.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 12
Comparative matrix for various international and national Walkability Assessment models. MODELS
The main AIM
Form of output
Scale of case area as part of pilot study
METHODOLOGY USED
PEQI (Pedestrian environmental quality index), USA
PEAT (Pedestrian Environment assessment tool), South Africa
To encourage people to walk more and develop a healthy lifestyle
To understand pedestrian To develop a quick assessment environment better, so as to reduce method using existing data. fatalities
To conduct a qualitative analysis of existing pedestrian facilities.
To aid comparison of transportation parameters across cities.
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
The treasure island community, California
5 sites in Tshwane metropolitan area.
Chicago city
8 stretches in Chennai
30 cities in India.
Varying indicators were identified and weightages were assigned through expert surveys. Observation surveys were conducted and responses were quantified.
Based on literature studies, a set of This model is basically the factors were identified and product of four separate sub observation surveys were indices namely conducted and results documented.
From case studies and standards, a set of important facilities were listed out and observation surveys were conducted to document the quality of these facilities.
This index is calculated by multiplying the availability of footpath with the quality of it, based on observation.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
PEI (Pedestrian Urban Pedestrian environment index) Environment, India USA
Walkability index by MoUD (Ministry of urban development)
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 13
Comparative matrix for various international and national Walkability Assessment models. MODELS
PEQI (Pedestrian environmental quality index), USA
PEAT (Pedestrian Environment assessment tool), South Africa
Intersection safety, Street infrastructure and design.
Intersection safety, Traffic, Street Land-use diversity, Commercial Sidewalks of adequate width, Availability of footpath & design, Perceived safety, Land use diversity, Population density Continuous sidewalk, Crossings, Quality of pedestrian use, Road condition. and Intersection density Curb-cuts, Surface design, facility Seating, Informal shopping, Minor architectural features, Recreational equipment, Lighting, Landscaping, Fountains & Art /Artefacts. Introduces the factor of human behavior both in Stresses the importance of terms of driver’s and commercial activity in Compares individual elements with pedestrians’. Considers influencing Pedestrianization standards. Uses a set of quality Simple method to in any land use. Uses only proximity to residential attributes to identify the level of quickly assess a city. land use as a part of the secondary data and mapping service. study. software. Hierarchy of roads is also Macro level analysis considered
MAJOR FACTORS CONSIDERED
POSITIVE ELEMENTS IDENTIFIED
DRAWBACKS/ LIMITATIONS
Dwells deeper into factors affecting pedestrian environment and identifies parameters. Simple methods used for data collection and application.
Some of the indicators such as The method used to arrive at illegal graffiti are case specific weightages for parameters may be and cannot be universally subjective in nature. Focuses applied. This study does not majorly on factors leading to consider walking environment in accidents and fatalities. Ambience residential land use zones. and comfort as concepts are not Hierarchy of roads is not dwelled considered. upon.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
PEI (Pedestrian Urban Pedestrian environment index) Environment, India USA
By using only secondary data, micro level analysis is missed out. Street design, infrastructure, ambience and comfort are not considered.
Walkability index by MoUD (Ministry of urban development)
Very broad level analysis The results are case specific. with minimal parameters. The Easy comparisons are not possible due to qualitative quality of pedestrian output. Safety and traffic factors environment is left to the are not considered at all. observer’s opinion.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 14
WALKABILITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIA
Key Findings of Comparative analysis
INSTITUTION RESPONSIBLE FOR IMPROVING WALKABILITY
Walkability index
•
=
[(W1 x availability of footpath) + (W2 x pedestrian facility ratings)]
W1 & W2 are weights (assumed 50% for each) i.e. W1 = W2 = 0.5
NATIONAL LEVEL
MOUD (Ministry of Urban Development)
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
•
MOUD Walkability Index
• •
Foot path length
•
•
Availability of foot paths =
Pedestrian facility rating = i.e. walkability score
The national average index in 2008 – 0.52 (CSE,2009)
Length of major roads in the city Average score estimated based on parameters on available facilities
Base on availability of footpaths. Range of pedestrian facilities. It range between 0 to1.
MOUD Urban Transport Benchmarking Tool
3 Indicators
• • •
Signalized intersection delay/ pedestrian. Street lighting. % of city covered with footpaths wider than 1.2m.
100
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Source: Ministry of urban development, May, 2008, Study on Traffic and Transportation policies and strategies in urban areas in India. Centre for science and environment (CSE). 2009. Footfalls: Obstacle course to livable cities. New Delhi, India. July 2009.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 15
PARAMETERS
Assessment Hierarchy Measuring walking condition through
WALKABILITY ASSESSMENT
Identify problem area/ Major barrier for Walking.
Identify priorities.
Crosswalks Ladder Crosswalk Stop Signage Traffic signal at intersection Curb cutting at pedestrian crossing Crosswalk scramble Pedestrian signal Intersection Traffic Calming features
STREET
TACTICAL URBANISM
NEIGHBOURHOOD
Interventions
• • •
A deliberate, phased approach to instigating change. The offering of local solutions for local planning challenges. Short-term commitment towards longer-term change. Lower-risk, with potentially high rewards.
STREET
INTERSECTIONS
Solving through
How Tactical Urbanism helps to solve ?
How Assessment helps?
INTERSECTIONS
Street lane Traffic calming features Width of sidewalk in relevant with adjacent land use Width of Side walk Width of Side walk (Covid 19 norms) Sidewalk surface condition Sidewalk obstructions Presence of curb Shading(Trees, Structures) Public seating Pedestrian-scale street lighting
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
NEIGHBOURHOOD
Network Connectivity • Block Perimeter • Connected Node ratio • Link-Node ratio Accessibility • Amenities • Rail Station including metros, monorail, light rail • Bus stops / Intermediate Public Transport Mixed Land use
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 16
PARAMETERS
Measuring INTERSECTION quality Crosswalks • •
Ladder Crosswalks
Designated places for pedestrians to cross the street. Heighten driver & pedestrian awareness.
•
Signage
Curb cuts at pedestrian crossings
• Force motorists to slow down. • Allow pedestrians more time to cross.
• Necessary for people in wheelchairs • Handy for people using strollers and carts.
Crosswalk Scramble
Features
Crosswalk with larger stripes Encourage pedestrian to stay within the safer locations More visible to motorist.
•
•
Traffic signal at Intersection
Traffic Calming
Pedestrian Signal •
Tell pedestrians how much time they have to cross, making it easier for them to make smart choices.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 17
S. No.
Parameters
Measuring INTERSECTION quality 0 direction
1
Crosswalks
No Crosswalks
0
0 direction
2
Ladder Crosswalks
3
Signages (Stop signage)
4
No Crosswalks
6 7 8
1 direction
2 directions Partially Available (out of all directions)
1
1 directions 0
1 direction
Curb cutting at pedestrian crossing
No directions
Partially Available (out of all directions)
1
1 direction
Intersection Traffic Calming features
2
Available (all directions)
3
3 4 directions
3
3
1
Yes(1) / No(0)
1
Partially Available (out of all directions)
1
Available (all directions)
4 directions
3 directions
2 directions
Crosswalk scramble Pedestrian Signal
2
3 directions 2
Available (all directions)
4 directions 3
Yes(1) / No(0) Yes(1) / No(0) Pavement treatment, Median, Mini circles or roundabouts, Speed tables/bumps, Cycle line at intersection, Partial closure, Curb extension/bulb-outs & Lights set in crosswalk. No Features
0
1 to 3 Features
1
4 to 6 Features
2
7 to 8 Features
0–4 5–8 9 – 12 13 – 16
Not suitable for pedestrian Poor pedestrian condition Basic pedestrian condition Reasonable pedestrian condition
3
1 1 3
3
Total Score
Source: Author
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Maximum Score
Yes(1) / No(0)
1 directions 0
3 directions
2 directions
Traffic signal at intersection
0 direction
5
1 directions
Criteria / Score
16
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 18
PARAMETERS
Measuring STREET quality Sidewalk Width , Surface & Obstructions
Street Traffic Calming Features
Street median
Inadequate Width
Encroachments
Discontinuous paths
Curved for the car
Undefined spaces
Parking on footpath
Sidewalk Width – Covid Standards
Speed Bumps
Obstructions
Storm water drain holes Rubble strip
Unsafe
Acceptable
Safe
Ideal
UN-Habitat Guidance on COVID-19 and Public Space June 2020
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Uneven cover slabs
Access height
Source: DOWN TO EARTH, The deficient design of India's streets. The designing of Indian roads, from carriageways to sidewalks, leaves much to be desire By Sugeet Grover Published: Tuesday 15 October 2019 Shops, vehicles leave little space . Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/63294965.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm _medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Chicanes
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 19
S.No.
Measuring STREET quality
Parameters 2 lane without median
Completely pedestrian street
4
3
More than 4 features
4
4
2
3
Width of sidewalk in relevant with adjacent land use
4
Width of sidewalk
No
0
</= 1.2m
1
1.2m - 1.8m
2
1.8m - 2.4m
3
>/= 2.4m
4
4
5
Width of sidewidth (Covid Norms)
No
0
</= 2.4m
1
2.4m - 3.3m
2
3.3m - 4.2m
3
>/= 4.2m
4
4
6
Sidewalk surface condition
No Sidewalk
0
Significant impediments in surface
1
Few impediments in surface
2
No impediments in surface
3
Good Condition & well maintained
4
4
7
Large sidewalk obstructions
No Sidewalk
0
both permanent and temporary obstructions
1
permanent obstructions
2
temporary obstructions
3
no obstructions in sidewalk
4
4
8
Presence of curb
11
2
3
Street Traffic Calming features
10
1
Single lane with one way traffic
Lane
Shading (Trees, Structures)
2 lane with median
Single lane with two way traffic
1
9
0
Maximum Score
Criteria / Score
Street median, Speed tables/bumps , Chicanes & Rubble strips No
0
1 to 2 Features
2 to 3 Features
1
2
3 to 4 Features
1
Yes(1) / No(0)
1
Yes(1) / No(0) No tree
0
a few trees; sporadically lined
1
continuously lined
Public Seating Pedestrian-scale street lighting
2
Street completely shaded
3
Both natural and Artificial shades
4
1
Yes(1) / No(0)
1
Total Score
4
Yes(1) / No(0)
Source: Author
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
4
0–8 Not suitable for pedestrian 9 – 16 Poor pedestrian condition 17 – 24 Basic pedestrian condition 25 – 32 Reasonable pedestrian condition
32
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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PARAMETERS
Measuring NEIGHBOURHOOD quality BLOCK PERIMETER
• •
•
Block length is used in a number of ways to promote or measure connectivity. Standards usually range from 300 to 600 feet (91.44m x 182.88m) (Perimeter = 548.64m)and apply to every block, with some exceptions. The walking distance increases when a street that divides the block is removed therefore increasing the block size.
ACCESSIBILITY
High node ratios of a network represent good connectivity. These high values intern indicate that there are more route choices from point A to point B in a neighborhood.
CONNECTED NODE RATIO (CNR)
LINK-NODE RATIO (LNR) the number of links (Links
the number of street
are defined as roadway or pathway segments between
CNR
two nodes.)
LNR
=
intersections
the number of intersections +
= the number of nodes (Nodes are intersections or the end of a cul-de-sac
A perfect grid has a ratio of 2.5. It suggests that a link-node ratio of 1.4, about halfway between extremes, is a good target for network planning purposes. At least three cities have adopted the linknode ratio as a standard, with values of 1.2 and 1.4
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
cul-de-sacs The maximum value is 1.0. Higher numbers indicate that there are relatively few cul-de-sacs and, theoretically, a higher level of connectivity.
Source: Dill, J. (2004). Measuring Network Connectivity for Bicycling and Walking. 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453 21
S.No. 1
2
Parameters Block Perimeter
Connected Node Ratio (CNR)
Measuring NEIGHBOURHOOD quality
Criteria / Score
Maximum Score
Above 1000m
0
1000m - 800m
1
800m - 600m
2
600m - 400m
3
400m - 200m
4
4
Less value(High No. of Cul-desac)
0
Low value
1
Moderate value
2
High value (Low No. cul-de-sac)
3
1 (maximum value )
4
4
_
_
<1
1
1 - 1.2
2
1.2 - 1.4
3
2.5
4
4
3
Link-Node Ratio (LNR)
4
Accessibility to Amenities
> 2000m (2km)
0
20 minutes walk i.e. 1200 2000m.
1
10 minutes walk i.e. 600-1200m.
2
5 minutes walk i.e. 400-600m.
3
_
_
3
5
Accessibility to Rail Station including metros, monorail, light rail
> 2000m (2km)
0
1200 - 2000m
1
800 - 1200m
2
800m (As per URDPFI)
3
_
_
3
6
Accessibility to Bus stops / Intermediate Public Transport
> 1200m (1.2km)
0
600 - 1200m
1
400 - 600m
2
400m (As per URDPFI)
3
_
_
3
7
Mixed landuse
<6%
0
6 - 10 %
1
10 - 14 %
2
> 14%
3
_
_
3
Total Score
Source: Author
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
0–6 Not suitable for pedestrian 7 – 12 Poor pedestrian condition 13 – 18 Basic pedestrian condition 19 – 24 Reasonable pedestrian condition
24
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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Strategic Planning framework for Walkable Neighbourhoods through Tactical Urbanism Stage 1
Measuring WALKABILITY condition through WALKABILITY ASSESSMENT
Stage 8
Plan of action. • • •
Stage 2
Prioritizing pilot project by identifying highly vulnerable intersections and streets
Stage 7
Establish Supportive Institutional Framework
Project phasing. Project Cost and Timeline Funding & Financing the project.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Stage 3
Stage 4
Tactical Intervention – Test Pilot projects
Develop the permanent design solution.
Design Discuss Demonstrate Implement Demonstration project (Intersection & Street level): Turn Inspiration into action.
• Incorporating learning from demonstration project. • Incorporating peoples comments through focus group discussion.
Stage 6
Prepare Comprehensive Pedestrian friendly Neighborhood plan.
Stage 5
Embed changes through standards and policy adoptions.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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Strategic Planning framework for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism Considering Hypothetical Neighborhood (Area – 1sq. Km)
Intersection Neighborhood
Street
Stage 1 - Measuring WALKABILITY condition through WALKABILITY ASSESSMENT
Not suitable for pedestrian
Poor pedestrian condition
Basic pedestrian condition
Reasonable pedestrian condition
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Stage 2 - Prioritizing pilot project
by identifying highly vulnerable intersection and streets
Not suitable for pedestrian
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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Strategic Planning framework for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism Stage 3 - Tactical Intervention – Test Pilot projects. Implement Demonstration project (Intersection & Street level): Turn Inspiration into action.
Design Discuss
•
• • •
Demonstrate
• • •
Create a Tactical design Solutions addressing the issues identified in intersection or streets. Listening to the citizen through community participation. Mapping their Issues Create design Solutions
Implement the Tactical Intervention in the Selected intersection and street. As a 7 - 15 days Demonstration. This intervention will serve as example of forth coming permanent redesign of streets and entire neighborhood.
Stage 4 - Develop the permanent design solution and Implement it. • Analyze before and after implications of Tactical pilot intervention. • Incorporating learning from demonstration project. • Conduct focus group discussion to get the citizens thoughts and comments about pilot Intervention.
Stage 5 - Embed changes through standards and policy adoptions. National Urban Transport policy Equitable allocation of road space – focus on people rather than vehicles. Non-Motorized Transport is environmentally friendly and must be given their due share. Have to address safety concerns of pedestrians and cyclist. Features such as safe bicycle parking, shade, landscaping, drinking and resting station needed.
National Urban Prescription Designs based on open debate with experts and users. Strict enforcement with public participation. Explore public bicycle system. Area Plans in congested areas with exclusive zones for NMT.
Smart City Policy Creating walkable localities. Promoting variety of transport options. Making governance citizen friendly and cost effective. Housing and inclusiveness. Giving an identity to the city. Applying smart solutions to infrastructure and services.
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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Strategic Planning framework for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism Stage 6 - Prepare Comprehensive Pedestrian friendly Neighborhood plan.
Stage 7 - Establish Supportive Institutional Framework
Stage 8 – Plan of Action
Project phasing, Project Cost and Timeline Funding & Financing.
Pedestrianization – Sub Committee Chaired by Municipal Commissioner
Urban Planner & Designer Team
Design Consultants
Headed by Urban planner or Designer Team Includes • Urban planner • Transport specialist • Landscape Architect • Architect • Engineer
Consulting with Stakeholder
Streets with segregated footpaths Pedestrian only streets Only NMT NMT Priority streets
Urban local body Highway department Traffic department Electricity department Water & Sewerage department Parks & Recreation Department.
Phase 1 •
The sub-committee should ensure that all the department works together to implement the project
Planning for Walkable Neighborhoods through Tactical Urbanism
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Project phasing has to be planned based on without affecting the Circulation & Activities of Neighborhood.
Karthikeyan B SPA/NS/UP/1453
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Thesis Research Seminar
THANK YOU
Karthikeyan B
I
SPA/NS/UP/1453 I School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi.
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