Figure 3.43 - Hubli, Karnataka

3.4 Case study 4 - Wada houses, Hubli, Dharwad district, Karnataka

• Hubli is the commercial centre and business heart of the North Karnataka area, located in the south-east of the Dharwad district.

• The city is located at 15°2142"N, 75°0506"E, and is 671 metres above sea level.

• Houses in rural areas were created according to the people's social level and income. The majority of the households rely on agriculture for a living, although there are also residences of weavers, merchants, carpenters, and other craftspeople.

• The Wada home typology was studied in this study. Wadas are essentially the homes of landlords and sarpanch (head of a village). The larger the Wada, the wealthier the family. • This Wada, which has a long and illustrious history, was erected roughly 200 years ago.

Figure 3.43 - Hubli, Karnataka

(Source – Google earth)

3.4.1 Climate analysis

1) Rainfall

The monsoon season is marked by mild temperatures and 830mm of rain on average.

2) Humidity

Hubli's perceived humidity varies dramatically throughout the year.

3) Wind

The wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 metres above the ground is discussed in this section because of local terrain and other variables, wind speed and direction fluctuate more than hourly averages at any given location, wind speed and direction fluctuate more quickly than hourly averages.

Hubli's average hourly wind speed varies greatly throughout the year due to strong seasonal variations.

4) Temperature

The hottest month is April, with an average temperature of around 28.0 °C. In August, the average temperature is 22.7° C.