7th Kyiv Security Forum by Kateryna Korobovtseva

April 10 – 11

2014

KYIV SECURITY FORUM

DIGEST

ON THE FAULT LINE: SECURITY IN-BETWEEN

platform for European security

DIGEST

7th Kyiv Security Forum

ON THE FAULT LINE: SECURITY IN-BETWEEN

April 10-11, 2014 Kyiv, Ukraine 7th Kyiv Security Forum

The opinions expressed in this summary report do not necessarily reflect the positions of the Open Ukraine Foundation or its partners and donor organizations. The speakersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; reported remarks have been edited for clarity and may differ slightly from what was actually delivered. Kyiv, 2014 ÂŠ All rights reserved.

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Content Welcome remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Forum Agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Expert Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Day I Main Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 UKRAINE: A NATION THAT HUNGERS FOR DEMOCRACY Session I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 GROWING SECURITY CRISIS: LOST IN PROMISES Day II Session II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 EUROPE: FROM DUSK TILL DAWN Session III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 MAKE LAW NOT WAR. UKRAINE: LESSONS LEARNT Session IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 CHANGING HISTORY: CIVIL SOCIETY POWER Session V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 BLACK SEA REGION DILEMMA: ALWAYS A BATTLEFIELD? Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Summary Report: Recommendations for Ukraine Media Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

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Welcome remarks Arseniy YATSENYUK Prime Minister of Ukraine Seven years ago when I was a Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, I conceived to hold Kyiv Security Forum in Kyiv, I even could hardly assume that this is in Ukraine where one of the most dramatic events of the 21st century will take place. Those events testify that although we have Security Forums, we do not have the world security. This is the truth that became evident following the Russian intervention on the territory of Ukraine. We were attacked militarily, and the attack destroyed the fragmented security system that existed in the world until today. A war of a new type has been waged against us that unfortunately was not yet responded adequately by the world community. And it’s true as well. The aggression of the Russian Federation which took place in relation to Ukraine is not just a violation of international law, but a blatant international crime. In 2014 we fully realized the meaning of Russian «brotherhood». This means Russian tanks and troops that occupied Crimea. This means «people’s militants» that capture and block legitimate authorities. This means sabotage groups that destroy water pipes and blow up bridges. They are trained on the territory of Russia and financed by the Kremlin. Recently the global changes have started in Ukraine. People rose against the dictator and defeated him, gaining the right to rule in their country. This is an

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incredibly important step towards a civilized future. «The Heaven’s Hundred» laid down their lives, defending freedom and democracy. We are obliged to justify their expectations. For moving forward there has to be a political consolidation within the country. Ukraine should not simply sign agreements with the European Union, but implement them. The country has to hold presidential elections – fair and transparent. Even before the elections Ukraine has to declare clearly that there will be a new Ukrainian Constitution. People stood on the Maidan for the change of the system, not the change of faces. This has to be ensured by a new Constitution that establishes a just balance of powers between the Parliament, the Government, the President and the judicial branch of power. We support transfer of powers from the central government to the local levels, but we strongly reject calls for federalization. The Ukrainian state will never recognize annexation of Crimea, and the time will come when, still during our lives, Ukraine will restore control over all Ukrainian territory, to which the Autonomous Republic of Crimea belongs as well. We believe that our Western partners, who provided an unprecedented political support for Ukraine, will be further strictly observe the principles of international law. We appeal to our European partners with a proposal to sit at the table and develop a new common security model. This should be not just a written commitment, but a reliable tool to ensure that the situation will never will be repeated again, when a country that is a security guarantor violates international law impertinently and commit aggression on foreign territory. I believe that no other generation of independent Ukraine ever had such challenges as those existing today for the Ukrainian state. However we will overcome these challenges, and our children will remember that we accomplish what we wanted: saved Ukraine, made it a part of the European Union, and returned back the territories belonging to the Ukrainian state.

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Welcome remarks

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Arseniy Yatsenyuk Open Ukraine Foundation would like to sincerely thank all the institutions and individuals, who contributed to the success of the 7th Kyiv Security Forum. We would like to express our appreciation to the partner of the 7th Kyiv Security Forum – Chatham House (United Kingdom) – for its support and cooperation. We would like also to express our deep gratitude to our financial partners: - Victor Pinchuk Foundation, an international, private, non-partisan, philanthropic foundation based in Ukraine – for its key financial support, - The Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation, which is a project of the German Marshall Fund of the United States of America – for its financial support and the many years of fruitful cooperation in organizing Kyiv Security Forums, - NATO Information and Documentation Centre in Ukraine – for its support of the Kyiv Security Forum project and its youth initiatives. We would like also to acknowledge gratefully the valuable deliberations and comments of our moderator Andriy Kulykov, as well as all the speakers and participants in this event. We are furthermore extending our gratitude to our media partners – newspaper “Day”, to our radio and Internet partners: “Radio Liberty”, “Hromadske.tv”, “Censor.net”, to our TV partner – “Faktor Bezpeky”, “INTV”, “Ukraine Crises Media Center” and the news agency – “Interfax - Ukraine“ – for their information and media support. We are very grateful to Efrem Lukatskyy for presenting his photo exhibition ”From Independence to Freedom” during the 7th Kyiv Security Forum.

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Forum Agenda 7th КYIV SECURITY FORUM

ON THE FAULT LINE: SECURITY IN-BETWEEN April 10-11, 2014

AGENDA Fairmont Grand Hotel Kyiv 1, Naberezhno-Khreschatytska Str., Кyiv, Ukraine

On the fault line: - Between Europe and Eurasia - Between civilizations - Between democracy and totalitarism - Between law and lawless - Between freedom of speech and censorship - Between regions of Ukraine - Between…

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Forum Agenda Thursday, April 10 Ballroom Moderator: Andriy KULYKOV, Journalist, Ukraine 13:30-14:45

Registration

14:45-15:00

Introduction

15:00-15:15

Opening Speech Arseniy YATSENYUK, Prime Minister of Ukraine

15:15-16:45

Main Session UKRAINE: A NATION THAT HUNGERS FOR DEMOCRACY Issues to be discussed: - The fight for democracy and freedom that resulted in a change of government in Ukraine - New action plan for the country and reforms to implement - Can Ukraine offer new approaches for Europe and even globally? Speakers: Petro POROSHENKO, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (2009-1010), Minister of Economic Development and Trade (2012) Andriy DESCHYTSIA, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Miroslav LAJČÁK, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic Jan TOMBINSKI, Head of the EU Delegation to Ukraine Discussion

16:45-17:00

Video-address: Victoria NULAND, Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, U.S. Department of State

17:00-17:15

Coffee – break

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17:15-18:45

Session I GROWING SECURITY CRISIS: LOST IN PROMISES Issues to be discussed: - Crimean crisis: setting new global rules? What can we learn from the crisis? - International guarantees are not over-ridden? - Political military alliances and neutrality: the future to choose. - What steps can be taken to overcome the crisis?

Speakers: Lamberto ZANNIER, OSCE Secretary General Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC, Assistant NATO Secretary General for Public Diplomacy, Foreign Minister of Croatia (2008-2011) Oleksandr VILKUL, Vice-Prime Minister of Ukraine (2012-2014) Rasa JUKNEVICIENE, Minister of National Defense of Lithuania (2008-2012) Franz THĂ&#x2013;NNES, Member of German Parliament, former Parliamentary State Secretary, Deputy Chairman of Foreign Affairs Committee, Germany

Discussion

18:45-20:00

Buffet-dinner

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Forum Agenda Friday, April 11 Ballroom Moderator: Andriy KULYKOV, Journalist, Ukraine 08:30-9:30

Registration

9:30-11:00

Session II EUROPE: FROM DUSK TILL DAWN Issues to be discussed: - How should the EU relate to its neighbors? Shout it aim for further enlargement? - Can there be a renaissance of the European idea? - How can Europe strengthen its role in advancing international security? - The EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s security weak point is its energy needs. What should be done to overcome this? - Can Europe be a bridge of understanding between Russian and the US? - Ukraine - EU: By, Beyond or In? Speakers: Carl BILDT, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sweden Jerzy BUZEK, President of the European Parliament (2009-2012), Prime Minister of Poland (1997-2001) Bogdan KLICH, Minister of National Defense of Poland (20072011) Borys TARASIUK, MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (1998-2000, 2005-2007)

Discussion 11:00-11:30

Coffee â&#x20AC;&#x201C; break

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11:30-13:00

Session III MAKE LAW NOT WAR. UKRAINE: LESSONS LEARNT Issues to be discussed: - Crimean Tatars during Crimean crisis. Ethnic minorities suffering from the conflicts. - How can international mechanisms better address human rights abuse? - International mechanisms to prevent conflicts between ethnic and linguistic groups. - Strengthening rule of law in Ukraine. - Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t shoot the messenger. Good governance demands the truthful media. Speakers: David KRAMER, President, Freedom House, USA Astrid THORS, OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Volodymyr VASYLENKO, Ambassador of Ukraine, Member of International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (20012005), Ukraine Vasyl MYROSHNYCHENKO, Partner, CFC Consulting, Co-Founder of Ukraine Crisis Media Center, Ukraine

Discussion

13:00-14:15

Lunch Atrium

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Forum Agenda 14:15-15:30

Session IV CHANGING HISTORY: CIVIL SOCIETY POWER

Issues to be discussed: - Role of civil society in a “revolution of minds” in Ukraine. - Civil society as a key controlling mechanism. - Role of local communities in advancing development.

Speakers: Tomas HUDECEK, Mayor of Prague, the Czech Republic Oleksiy HARAN, Professor, Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine Igor ZHDANOV, President, Analytics Center “Public Policy”, Ukraine

Discussion 15:30-15:45

Coffee – break

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15:45-17:15

Session V BLACK SEA REGION DILEMMA: ALWAYS A BATTLEFIELD?

Issues to be discussed: - Is Crimean crisis a typical Black Sea region tension? - What is Russia’s role in the region’s conflicts? - New dividing lines in the region. Fight for influences goes on? - Comparing Black Sea and Balkans conflicts: avoiding mistakes.

Speakers: Giorgi BARAMIDZE, Vice-Speaker of Parliament of Georgia Tevan POGHOSYAN, Member of Parliament of Armenia, Member of NATO Parliamentary Assembly Arkadiy MOSHES, EU’s Eastern Neighborhood and Russia Research Programme Director, Finnish Institute of International Relations Tim JUDAH, Reporter, The Economist, Great Britain 17:15-17:30

Summing-up remarks James SHERR, Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House, Great Britain

17:30-19:00

Dinner Atrium

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Expert Focus

Main Session UKRAINE: A NATION THAT HUNGERS FOR DEMOCRACY

Issues to be discussed: - The fight for democracy and freedom that resulted in a change of government in Ukraine - New action plan for the country and reforms to implement - Can Ukraine offer new approaches for Europe and even globally?

We have all the reasons to be grateful to our partners from the European Union, the USA, and from the G7 for effectively demonstrating solidarity with the Ukrainian people, who have become a victim of aggression. …The first area of the reforms entails very strict anticorruption steps, building an independent judicial branch of power, which will provide an opportunity for a citizen and for a business to protect themselves in an independent court, Petro POROSHENKO constructing a new and efficient investment climate, where an investor President of Ukraine will feel himself absolutely comfortable. These administrative reforms will radically change the powers of the governmental bodies of Ukraine. Finally, the key issue – security. As of today, all other issues have faded into insignificance and there are two issues now here – individual security and expectations of foreign aggression. …The first point to be made is that Ukraine is united. It is a country facing the danger of foreign aggression and that does not give anyone a single chance to demonstrate a split in the nation.

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I witness every day the unprecedented consolidation of responses of the international democratic community to the events in and around Ukraine. â&#x20AC;ŚFirst of all, the military invasion united Ukrainians around the ideas of national sovereignty and a European future. Secondly the United Nations became truly united on the 27th of March after the entire architecture of the postWorld War II security had been put to a test.

Andrii DESHCHYTSIA

I see Ukraine in the European Union Minister of Foreign Affairs but I also see years of hard work needed to bring us to this aim. I see Ukraine with the of Ukraine (2014) integrity of its internationally recognized borders intact. I see an international neighborhood where all countries respect each otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s choices and rights. There is no choice between Europe and Russia for Ukraine. The only choice is between the past and the future...

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Expert Focus

Miroslav LAJÄ&#x152;Ă K Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Slovak Republic

We also strongly believe that the rule of law must bring us to the rule of law, we strongly believe that the logic of confrontation must give the way to the logic of cooperation. I will repeat it once again, we do not recognize the socalled referendum in Crimea and neither do we recognize the illegal annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. We insist that it is Ukraine and the Ukrainian people only who have the right to choose their own future and we want to help you to achieve the future for your children. It is really important for the Ukrainian government for the political process in Ukraine to remain inclusive...

It is also crucial to avoid unnecessary internal conflicts and fragmentations within the government, within ruling coalitions. Reforms and the reform process must be kept as an absolute priority. We need to see your political determination, we want Ukraine to be a success story. This success story must start at home, and my final point, united in diversity, is the official motto of the European Union and I believe this also should be the credo for Ukraine and for its political future as well.

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The European Union wishes to help Ukraine to stabilize, but we can only be of help to Ukraine if there is Ukrainian ownership of this process, The European Union stands ready to assist using all unprecedented means to find Ukrainian solutions by assistance to the financial system – providing experts in transforming institutions, transforming the economy, and technical assistance. All 28 member states pledge support to this process for Ukraine.

Ian TOMBINSKI

The association is not the stage of Head of the EU Delegation relationship between Ukraine and the to Ukraine European Union which opens the way for membership, but if we don’t go through this period of adaptation then the other question will not be answered.

We are enormously impressed with the energy and commitment to unity that individuals and politicians across the political spectrum have brought to this moment of tense transition, opportunity, and challenge for Ukraine. I hope you feel that the United States is 100% behind the effort that you are making to resist pressure, to resist aggression, to make Ukraine a model of a peaceful, democratic, clean country. Energy security is Ukraine’s sovereignty, is Ukraine’s independence. It must be a Ukrainian decision what the structure of your state looks like, and not come from any outside country, and this is unacceptable of Russia to make demands for federalization that will take Ukraine to the brink of risking dissolution.

Victoria NULAND Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, U.S. Department of State

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CAMERA Focus

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Expert Focus

Session I GROWING SECURITY CRISIS: LOST IN PROMISES

Issues to be discussed: - Crimean crisis: setting new global rules? What can we learn from the crisis? - International guarantees are not over-ridden? - Political military alliances and neutrality: the future to choose. - What steps can be taken to overcome the crisis?

… the OSCE is a neutral framework, but a neutral framework that has strong rules and principles that govern the action and the inter-action within this framework. …we saw there was a balance between self-determination on the one hand, but on the other hand a guarantee of sovereignty and territorial integrity, keeping the borders where they were. This is itself now creating a problem we have to deal with in the future, was the balance has now changed. Is this going to have an impact in other areas around the world?

Lamberto ZANNIER OSCE Secretary General

…I think Ukraine should try as much as possible not to get caught up in this broader game, we are here as international community to assist. I think Ukraine went to a very divisive process of politics internally - it needs now to move, to re-group, to move in the direction of inclusive dialogue - I think that is the key imperative as far as I see. And this is something that our operation sees as a monitoring mission, the direct program should facilitate and encourage strong internal dialog around key projects like the work on the constitution and other reforms.

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EXPERT FOCUS …Russia’s military incursion into Ukraine is the most serious crisis in Europe since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the illegal annexation of a part of Ukraine’s sovereign territory constitutes a flagrant violation of Russia’s international commitments. It is far removed from the cooperation and peacebuilding that we expect from modern states and it has endangered our vision of a free and peaceful Europe. ..as far as NATO is concerned, the annexation of Crimea is not a done deal, we will never accept this illegal Assistant NATO Secretary action, the way ahead for us is for Russia General for Public Diplomacy, to reverse its actions, to pull back all its Foreign Minister of Croatia military forces back to their bases, reduce (2008-2011) them to the pre-crisis level and to respect the premises of international law that they have violated. Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC

…the Russian actions have been a wake-up call for everyone in the EuroAtlantic community. A crucial lesson is that we must maintain a strong defense and deterrence in Europe and that means investing sufficiently in defense and security and we can’t continue to cut defense budgets every year while others around the world continue to increase.

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Now in Ukraine we see how Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future is being created, the future of the world. Mechanisms for preserving the balance of interrelations between large political, military and economic interstate unions are being designed. Our principal position is that Ukraine has to keep a nonalligned status and it is very important for us to save our historical product markets and find new markets. ....for us it is crucial now to make sure that the central government hears the regions as much as possible, this is Đ&#x17E;leksandr VILKUL about decentralisation of power. Crimea Vice-Prime Minister of Ukraine is Ukraine and we all are sure of that, (2012-2014) however, at the same time, Crimea is a monument to deafness of the central government. There was a month of opportunity to have negotiations, hold discussions.

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EXPERT FOCUS Today, Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s democracy and freedom are on the front line here in Ukraine; together we must defend the freedom of Europe from dictatorship, the name of which is resovietization.

Rasa JUKNEVICIENE Minister of National Defense of Lithuania (2008-2012)

To steal, to lie, to illegally revise, to kill, to capture, to deceive, to corrupt these are a few of the phrases that can define the current Russian regime, the containment of Russia means to stand for values again. By attacking Ukraine, Putin is trying to repair domestic affairs because of the serious situation in the Russian economy today.

Ironically Putin is doing this with the support of Western countries because the Kremlin uses the money gained from its energy resources to modernize its armed forces. As Ukraine itself is dependent on Russian energy resources it even indirectly financed the annexation of Crimea. The way to stop the imperialistic approach of Russia is to elaborate a new European energy security strategy which includes Ukraine. Russia must be deleted from every provision of strategic partnership in all EU and NATO documents. â&#x20AC;ŚI have to underline that Ukrainian security means European security. I do hope Putin has no future, he will not lose today, but he will eventually, and until he loses we will have big troubles...

What we must do now is to provide security for democracy and freedom, membership in the EU and NATO â&#x20AC;&#x201C; means security for us, Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine have no other alternatives.

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Two things from my point of view are of permanent importance - avoiding further escalation of conflict or even military action and particularly, the destabilization of Ukraine, and bringing Russia back to the international negotiating table, making Russia understand that the post-cold-war order is based on cooperation, common security of Europe, transparency, and mutual trust-building, which is in the interest of all, including Russia. Ukraine needs an inclusive political process; we encourage the current government to reach out to the southern and eastern parts of the country and accommodate their legitimate interests, this also applies to these regionsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; close economic ties to Russia.

Franz THĂ&#x2013;NNES Member of German Parliament, former Parliamentary State Secretary, Deputy Chairman of Foreign Affairs Committee, Germany

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CAMERA Focus

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EXPERT FOCUS

Session II EUROPE: FROM DUSK TILL DAWN Issues to be discussed: - How should the EU relate to its neighbors? Should it aim for further enlargement? - Can there be a renaissance of the European idea? - How can Europe strengthen its role in advancing international security? - The EU’s security weak point is its energy needs. What should be done to overcome this? - Can Europe be a bridge of understanding between Russian and the U.S.? - Ukraine - EU: By, Beyond or In? …what has happened here is profoundly important not only for Ukraine, but for the whole of Europe, because fundamental principles of what we are trying to do, what we wish to do, perhaps what we dream about, are at stake in the developments in and around Ukraine…It is involving the actual borders in Europe. Respect the borders where they have been determined. This principle was violated in case of Crimea. Carl BILDT Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sweden

…what happened also violates the other principle that instead of moving borders we make them disappear .

We have no intention of isolating people from Russia, if anything there should be even more closeness with them, and again here I would say that Ukraine – with its language, its culture, and that there has often existed a common history, should be extremely active in engaging Russian society in order to explain what is happening here, because there is a barrier of propaganda disputing what is true. We have been seeing this for decades in Europe; and Ukraine can break through that. Let me pay tribute once again to all Ukrainians because what you have been doing over these past few months is something like a wake-up call for Europe. 7th Kyiv Security Forum

The European Union needs Ukraine; we need Ukraine to help us put up the fundamental issues of solidarity, freedom, human dignity, peace, security, rule of law, and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s readiness to stand up and sacrifice for their country forefront for European reflection,â&#x20AC;Ś Sometimes in Europe we forget how important freedom and solidarity are since we have been living in prosperity for the past 6070 years after the war. We are not totally secure in the European Union because we are Jerzy BUZEK dependent for about 54% of our energy President of the European supply from outside Europe. However Parliament (2009-2012), Prime having a strong economy will make it Minister of Poland (1997-2001) much better for us to tackle the whole problem, which we just started a few years ago. It may take 5 years to build something like a common energy market for the European Union.

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EXPERT FOCUS â&#x20AC;ŚI can say that there is no secure West without a stable and sovereign Ukraine; you are fighting not only for your security, your sovereignty, and your stability, but you are also adding to the security of the West. When I say the West, I mean the EU as well as NATO.

Bogdan KLICH Minister of National Defense of Poland (2007-2011)

â&#x20AC;ŚWe in the EU underestimated the role of the Association Agreement. The EU has had and continues to have a network of such agreements with a variety of countries, and the European approach was less strategic and more technical, more operational to such agreements. There was then a gap between your expectations connected with this treaty and our approach to this tool.

We have to develop a smart, new policy of containment of Russian attitudes in 3 areas in Eastern Europe, in Central Asia, and in the South Caucasus. A new policy is a smart policy that is based on a variety of tools that we have at our disposal - not only political tools but also economic, financial, and security tools, as well as military tools if needed.

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Let me revert back to some 9 years ago when the victory of democracy in Ukraine as a result of the Orange Revolution brought about a new democratic country into the family of European nations. Was the reaction of the European Union adequate? The answer is – no. Now let us imagine what might have happened if the European Union had changed its failed policy – the so-called neighborhood policy including Northern Africa and countries of what is now referred to as the Eastern Partnership countries - if they, in particular a democratic Ukraine, would have been offered the perspective of membership. If so, probably we wouldn’t have had these 4 years of dictatorship and finally - the use of force.

Borys TARASIUK MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (1998-2000, 2005-2007)

…Poland initiated what is now being known as the eastern partnership policy of the European Union, which to my mind was a much more correct policy, conceptually designed by the European Union compared to the socalled eastern neighborhood policy. Ukraine is not a neighbor of Europe or the European neighborhood policy, Ukraine is in Europe.

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EXPERT FOCUS

Ukraine is in the heart of Europe; it is a key to fulfilling and realizing the vision of a whole Europe, free and in peace. Accordingly, we, the West, have an obligation to help Ukraine, to help it politically, to help financially, to help with economic assistance and advice, to help with military assistance, and intelligence sharing, so Ukraine can defend itself and reverse the violation that has been committed by Putin’s Russia. If we do not impose a serious price for Putin’s actions and behavior, not only will Ukraine be in crisis, but we will President, Freedom House, USA have a much bigger crisis on our hands. Our enemies will no longer fear us, our friends will no longer have confidence in us. If, instead of reacting to what is taking place, the West doesn’t try to prevent further efforts by Putin to destabilize Ukraine, Putin’s appetite will only get bigger. David KRAMER

Putin has questioned not only Ukraine sovereignty and territorial integrity, but he is attacking the very concept of a people’s right to determine their own future, the very concept of freedom itself.

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Responsibility for different groups, minorities in the country, where the minority lives – this is the essence of international standards, the essence of minorities rights. For more than 20 years, Ukrainian society has ignored the needs of Ukrainian people and no matter what regime was in power, improvements didn’t come about, and they didn’t understand the position of individual population groups. Now the Verhovna Rada has made the decision that they recognize the Crimean Tatars as an indigenous people. For more than 20 years their needs were ignored, but still the Crimean Tatars worked very hard to maintain the territorial integrity of Ukraine and the great majority of them didn’t participate in the so-called Crimean referendum.

Astrid THORS OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities

I hope that you will have understanding for the needs of people moving between Crimea and mainland Ukraine, that laws will be followed and the lives of ordinary people will not be made harder. I hope that the generosity that so many people have shown to people coming from Crimea will continue in mainland Ukraine.

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EXPERT FOCUS The Kremlin is carrying out a comprehensive propaganda campaign using all possible channels, the Russian state-owned mass media, Russia-Today, business communication firms, a diverse network of Russian spy agencies, and lobbies. Russia doles out millions on a daily basis to buy journalists, academics, political commentators, and by making donations to various parties.

Vasyl MYROSHNYCHENKO Partner, CFC Consulting, Co-Founder of Ukraine Crisis Media Center, Ukraine

Russia has hired numerous outfits globally to conduct a personality cultivation exercise which includes planting Putin-friendly articles in life style magazines and tabloids, local radio stations, generating letters to local mass media and parliaments.

Another issue that is very closely related to propaganda is cyber security - it is a challenge. The Ukrainian people and Ukrainian government need the support of Western governments to strengthen our cyber security.

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The most recent history of Ukraine may be separated into two distinct periods of violation of human rights. The first was related to the attempted forceful dispersal of peaceful Ukrainian protestors against Yanukovych between the 21st of November, 2013, and 22rd of February, 2014. The second is related to the armed aggression launched by Putin’s Russia against Ukraine on the 27th of February, 2014, of which the first stage ended with the annexation of Crimea. The completion of an investigation and the identification of those guilty and bringing them to responsibility will not be revenge but an act of justice, and at the same time a measure aimed at prevention of crimes in the future, because it is well known that if a crime is not prosecuted, this could bring another crime which would be even more serious.

Volodymyr VASYLENKO Ambassador of Ukraine, Member of International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (2001-2005), Ukraine

It is time to ask the question - Could we have prevented the violation of human rights which was the result of the Russian aggression against Ukraine? My answer is: Yes, we could have if there had been a more responsible reaction from Western democracies and counteraction to the expansionist policies of Russia, because until recently Western democracies have followed a “don’t irritate Russia” policy and this has brought very bad consequences.

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CAMERA Focus

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EXPERT FOCUS

Session IV CHANGING HISTORY: CIVIL SOCIETY POWER

Issues to be discussed: – Role of civil society in a “revolution of minds” in Ukraine. – Civil society as a key controlling mechanism. – Role of local communities in advancing development

Your (Ukrainian) starting point is worse than it was in Czechoslovakia – the communists ruled for 70 years, there is no such personality here as we had in Vaclav Havel, the society is radicalized, there is existing external pressure, your economy also contains players with extremely problematic pasts, and so really the only advantage I can see on your side at this moment is a favorable international climate. Tomas HUDECEK Mayor of Prague, Czech Republic

Many of the top representatives never understood or didn’t want to understand that the greatest advantage the West has is its stability, which is constantly renewed by way of permanent discussion.

…Major cities – like Prague, and Kyiv in the context of Ukraine, have the best natural conditions for civil society to not only germinate but also to grow, organize, and express itself publicly. Ukraine is a unique country in the post-Soviet world because of its history, size, and number of inhabitants. It has the potential to show the Russians, the largest nation in this part of the world, that even in this part of Europe it is possible to build an attractive alternative to the Putin model by offering something that Russia lacks.

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I would like to remind you that on Maidan people were dying under the banners of the European Union. Can you give an example of any other European nation where people were willing to die under the banner of the European Union to make sure that their country would become a member of the European Union? If we speak of the role of civil society after the victory of the Maidan we keep hearing the question, “What did the ‘Heavenly Hundred’ die for?” I think that this issue will sound for all time and this prevents making the mistakes which were made after the revolution of 2004.

Oleksiy HARAN Professor, Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine

We should understand that we have a unique situation, and instead of rebuilding our country now, we have to be focused on the Russian aggression. Therefore, we have to be well balanced, not criticizing the authorities but understanding them, we have to help them when we can and not to play into the hand and of those who want to destabilize our country, the plans of Putin.

Civil society opened the possibility for itself that it can now formulate a political agenda for the country. It can impose on the politicians certain initiatives, certain issues, the resolution of which is important today. Unlike the previous authorities they try to listen to people, not ignore them, and if these initiatives are serious they are trying to implement them into governmental decisions. We need to return the integrity of the country, we need our brothers from Igor ZHDANOV the East to understand that in Kyiv there are no extremists or nationalists here, President, Analytics Center but normal people who want to live in “Public Policy”, Ukraine a democratic and free country, where nobody would force another to speak a certain language, and people would be free to go to church or not to go to church, if they don’t want to. 7th Kyiv Security Forum

CAMERA Focus

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EXPERT FOCUS BLACK SEA REGION DILEMMA: ALWAYS A BATTLEFIELD?

I am absolutely sure that this is the end of Putin’s Russia, this is the end of the Russia which is unstable and imperialistic. The United States and the European Union are not willing really to react in a strong manner that would stop Putin’s Russia from going ahead with its aggressive plans; politicians are guilty of not preparing societies for this kind of moment, not giving societies adequate information on what Putin’s Russia is up to. Giorgi BARAMIDZE Vice-Speaker of Parliament of Georgia

The Western world was too relaxed to be able to face this reality or to give people the bad news that we are in a kind of trouble, and that trouble is approaching us.

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The whole greater Black Sea area has a very negative mix of interests that exists only here, and that is why confrontation continues. In reality, there are some attempts in cooperation; let us say there are institutions such as the BSEC, which have been a kind of introduction to promote cooperation, but we are just noting that weakness, which is a real illustration for the people in the region where there is a history more of confrontations than a mentality of cooperation. Life has proven that past cases and real predictions were wrong and now a condition of security threat is not only in the South Caucasus countries, but is also much wider in this area.

Tevan POGHOSYAN Member of Parliament of Armenia, Member of NATO Parliamentary Assembly

The way that Russia contributes to conflict is, I think, that they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know how to manage situations. That is why they are much better at managing conflicts and keeping them alive, and by this they have exercised their influence on the region.

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EXPERT FOCUS We should not even try to create the illusion or impression that this is something which only concerns this region - this is an issue of total European security. When we are talking about the key element of European security we can clearly define that there is a security vacuum. If there is a security vacuum here, it means that there is a security vacuum in the rest of Europe as well. Arkadiy MOSHES

So, the countries of the region have contributed to the emergence of a EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eastern Neighborhood and security vacuum, but more importantly Russia Research Programme it was of, course, the West which agreed Director, Finnish Institute of to the emergence of this security vacuum International Relations because essentially it has been a lack of concentration on the part of the West, a lack of attention, a lack of understanding, actually a retreat by the West from the Black Sea region in a security sense that led to the emergence of this vacuum. Russia is feeling it, it is being sucked in. It sees an opportunity, it perceives Western weakness as an opportunity. The Black Sea region doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always have to be a battlefield , and to accomplish this 2 preconditions would have to be met - one is the presence of serious institutional and security reforms in the countries of the region, in Ukraine particularly, and the other one is very serious homework done by the West. I am hopeful that the former we will see, unfortunately at this moment I am less hopeful that the latter will become a reality.

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..even in 2014, in this age of globalization, the Internet, etc., instead of people becoming more enlightened, people are counting on ridiculous arguments by which governments, cranks, and lobbies confuse people and where there are superficial comparisons made about issues of selfâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;determination, territory, and integrity . In the Balkans, the reaction to the situation in Ukraine varied. There is much Russian investment in Montenegro, though Montenegro is absolutely supportive of Ukraine and it is backing the EU sanctions all the way because it desperately wants an invitation to join NATO. In Bosnia it was divided as usual since it has significant debt to Russia, so Bosnia and Serbia didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t vote for Ukraine during the General Assembly debates.

Tim JUDAH Reporter, The Economist, Great Britain

Croatia and Macedonia voted for Ukraine and I can say that Albania did as well but for them it is really not a dilemma.

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CONCLUDING REMARKS The fact exists that the fundamental pillars of the European security system and some extended global security system which we created after the Cold War, with Russia’s intense participation, have been directly challenged.

James SHERR Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House, Great Britain

In Ukraine there has been no ethnic conflict and in 1997 Russia and Ukraine concluded a state treaty on cooperation which unconditionally recognized Ukraine’s independence and territorial integrity, and nothing was said about the internal constitutional arrangements of Ukraine. In the 17 years between the conclusion of that treaty and Yanukovych’s departure from power in February this year, Russia has not once at any international forum raised the complaint against Ukraine for its treatment of its Russian-speaking minority, or of ethnic Russians.

You can look through all the state documents of the Russian Federation for the past 22 years and you will not see a word about annexation, but you will see much about the protection of its so defined compatriots, but nothing about the incorporation of territory. This annexation happened on the basis of an ideology of restoration of a historical Russia and to further an ideology of civilization that is based on Russian-Slavic orthodox values against the liberal and post-modern civilization of the West. …there are a number of significant players in the West who have failed to absorb this, who believe even now that what is needed is to create some facesaving path to enable President Putin and the Russian leadership to return to the rules of the game and to return to a policy of partnership. Failing to see the key point, that the basis of today’s Russian policy and its own political system at home, its own legitimacy is one proposition - we are not the West, we are not seeking your approval and we are strengthened by your disapproval.

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President Putin is playing a high-risk game against people whom he rightly perceives as low-risk players. Many in the West think that in the end of this contest - as the US GDP in 10 times larger than the Russian - so we shouldn’t worry, but no, for the Kremlin it is seen as a trial conflict of wills and they understand that the West has no answer today for Russia. …since this whole conflict started, the West has been speaking about one issue - sanctions, punishing Russia. The message of this Forum for every speaker should be the following - this issue is not fundamentally about Russia, it is about Ukraine. Russia’s principle strategic objective is to reunite Ukraine to Russia and if they can’t do it, then they will break it up. Our objective has to be to deny that to them; that does not mean that there should not be sanctions, but they can be the center of the strategy and there is needed a strategy that needs to have a goal. That goal is to revive Ukraine, to help Ukraine to reform and rebuild the basic institutions of the state, use its own forces in security and do this in more modern, effective and legitimately based way than Ukraine did it in past. There are steps that can and must be taken by the West in the shorter and the longer term to aid in this. There must be efforts made, which are impossible without Ukraine’s full and willing participation, to change the pathologically dysfunctional energy supply and market system of this country. If the present cost structure of the Ukrainian energy system remains unchanged, and all their protégés stay in power there will be no energy efficiency, there will be no investment, there will be no development of Ukraine’s indigenous high recovery resources, which are considerable, and Ukraine will find itself, as it has in the past, almost completely at the mercy of Russia. …there is a lot which we can and we must do to help but we can’t help if Ukraine is not doing this itself - this is not just as it has been for so long a matter of national security - this has become a matter of a national survival for Ukraine. The Euro Maidan demonstrated, as Maidan demonstrated 10 years ago, that geopolitics will never be the same, that the human factor trumps geopolitics and of course, Russia is as unprepared now for this reality as it was 10 years ago. Nevertheless, all the talk by circles of experts in Ukraine, as well as in the West, is of a Velvet Restoration in Ukraine. So, here is a key question, can

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you prevent it? It is unfair to ask Ukrainians to prevent it and it is probably not possible for an obvious reason - you can’t just step out of decades of a patrimonial system into the EU style system based upon rights and rules. This has to be done by stages, by trial and with a lot of tensions and with a lot of mini-crises, and it can’t be done strictly by applying to EU rulebook. There must be rules devised by you, with our collaboration, which are workable in this environment and it requires a lot of ingenuity and a lot of compromise. If you can’t prevent the Velvet Restoration, what you can now do is counter balance it, constrain it, make life uncomfortable for these people and that means also finding the ways to institutionalizing of Maidan, because the one thing that unifies Maidan is that it was incorruptible, that people were willing to risk their lives for these values. …The strongest argument in the West today against making real efforts to help Ukraine is that after all of this effort they will go back to what they had before. This country (Ukraine) is a basket case, it is corrupted, it can’t solve its own problems. Why should we throw good money after bad, and become fools once again? I can’t answer that, Ukraine has to answer that, if Ukraine can’t answer that then not only will the quality of life in Ukraine suffer, but Ukraine’s very statehood is at risk. For twenty-two years the greatest security threat to Ukraine has been Ukraine itself, the question today is whether you in collaboration with us can finally overcome that and make Ukraine its own best friend.

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Recommendations for Ukraine

ACTION PLAN FOR UKRAINE (by Oleksiy Haran – for the Open Ukraine Foundation) Reforms and alignment of Ukraine towards European standards are the best answers to Kremlin aggression and Kremlin-stimulated separatism. Control of the government by the civil society – this is exactly the realization of Maidan’s ideas. The newly established Reforms Support Centre is a coordination platform with civil society that proposed «Emergency Reforms Package». «Emergency Reforms Package» includes key and long-awaited reforms for the country, specifically administrative, judicial, law enforcement, anticorruption and decentralization.

GENERAL CONTEXT OF REFORMS. NEW RELATIONS: GOVERNMENT – CIVIL SOCIETY Euromaidan demanded a radical reform of the state. It is important not to repeat the negative experience after the «Orange Revolution» of 2004, when the society failed to control politicians who came to power. Unfortunately, the Russian aggression that started immediately after the removal of the Yanukovych regime has diverted vast resources from overcoming the regime’s aftermath, and distracts the attention of society and politicians from domestic reforms. This aggression also was targeted at the obstruction of the early presidential elections of May 25th. Obviously, it’s extremely difficult to conduct an election campaign in conditions of aggression and start reforms at the same time. Promptness in making decisions is highly required. However, after the return to the 2004 constitutional reform (that was one of the main requirements of Maidan and made the political system of Ukraine more balanced), a change of president does not mean automatic change of government (which corresponds to the European model). The current government draws on a coalition majority and that complies

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with the practice in most European countries. Such governments require a constant search for regular compromises. Moreover, the new (and completely legitimate!) majority has been formed with the help of deserters from the Parties of Regions, and that further complicates the decision making process. Obviously, the present parliamentary composition does not reflect current attitudes in the country, and those members of parliament from the Party of Regions and communists that adopted the unconstitutional dictatorial laws of 16 January 2014 leading to the bloody confrontation do not have the moral right to be in parliament. That’s why the country should move towards early parliamentary elections (which are better to be held according to new election laws that formalizes open regional party lists). In the meantime, one is bound to reckon upon a shaky existing majority in the parliament. Under these conditions the reform process is challenging. At the same time, implementing reforms and an alignment of Ukraine towards European standards are the best answers to Kremlin aggression and Kremlin-stimulated separatism. In supporting this process the support from the European Union is highly important. Euromaidan demonstrated that justice, liberty, dignity, and democracy are values that are important for Ukrainian society. It is unlikely that modern history knows of other examples when people died under the flag of the EU in the heart of a European capital city. European integration may become a new national idea. Meanwhile, the new government has to restore the trust of citizens in the state. For this purpose it is important that the government, first, cleanses itself of corrupt representatives of the old regime. Second, the new government has to demonstrate a fundamentally different management style. The mistakes of Yushchenko and Yanukovych cannot be repeated, since they called for tightening belts by ordinary people, but facilitated corruption at the top level. Making reforms requires maximum transparency and an openness of the new government. Despite all of the above-mentioned problems, after Maidan there emerged a much closer link along “the government-civil society” line. New tools of interaction were developed, for example, the governmental Reforms Support Center, which is a coordinating platform with civil society and offered the «Emergency Reforms Package».

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PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE DIRECTIONS OF REFORMS1 І. ADMINISTRATION REFORM Executive power Ensure a transformation of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine into the principal agency for building public policy. - structure of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine shall be determined after submission by the Prime Ministers (appointment and dismissal) - establishments of the ministries shall be headed by the state secretaries, which are appointed by the Cabinet of Ministers based on the results of an election according to the legislation on public service. - restore a institution of «governmental committees» for preliminary discussion of draft governmental decisions and ensuring transparency of activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; - local state administrations shall be subordinated to the CMU (through strict observance of staffing procedures – after submission by the CMU) Public service The new law «On Public Service» of 2011 (the effective date was postponed twice, it is 1 January 2015 as of today), regardless of specific positive norms, has a number of systemic problems that require solutions, particularly: - all public officials shall be forbidden to be members in political parties and publicly demonstrate their political views; - recruitment to all positions of public service shall be made exclusively on a competitive basis (certain elements of discussion/competence control, integrity and political neutrality can be introduced even for the highest officials);

1 The author thanks to the team of «Emergency reforms package», particularly to cocoordinator Maksym Latsyba for preparing this chapter.

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Administrative services - Facilitate creation of centers of administrative services (CAS). For this purpose, it is a priority to adopt the CMU Resolution that would define the list of services of executive agencies, provided through CAS. Ensure provision through CAS of the basic administrative services, including registration of place of residence and issuing passports, registration of businesses and real estate agents, granting subsidies and providing other social, administrative services etc.

II. DECENTRALIZATION Local elections of 2015 shall be held in an already reformed administrativeterritorial system. Model: decentralized unitary state.

Main parameters of the reform: • Communities – 1200-1500 communities (versus more than 12000 existing village, small town and town councils); • Raions – 100-120 (versus 490 existing); The maximum remoteness of inhabited localities, which are parts of administrative and territorial units of base level, from its administrative centre is defined, as a rule, by basic requirements for providing social services at this level, first of all: by the time period for urgent medical aid (15–20 min.), time period for a school bus transfer of pupils to a general school (15–20 min), time period for arrival of rescue workers to eliminate an emergency situation (up to 15 min.). A raion is to be established provided that its territory is home, usually, for not less than 150,000 people. Local state administrations shall give up their dualistic function of executive power agents and local self-governance executive authorities, and perform control functions in relation to the decisions of local self-governance authorities.

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Institutional issues of reform A committee on local self-governance reform shall be established and led by the prime-minister (or at least by a vice-prime-minister), and shall be granted with the authority to promptly approve draft decisions in certain areas. The ministry which is primary for this reform shall be defined – the Ministry of Regional Development; each ministry assigns one person on the level of vice minister, who shall be in charge of the coordination of a ministry’s activities in implementing reform.

ІІІ. JUDICIAL SYSTEM REFORM • The reform of mechanism for setting up the Constitutional Court – candidates for a post of the court’s judge have to be selected by a special commission composed of reputable professionals (particularly, by retired judges of the Constitutional Court, which did not discredit themselves) When drafting a new text of the Constitution the following changes are required: • The President and the Verkhovna Rada shall be put aside from forming the judicial establishment; all decisions on appointment, transfer or dismissal of judges shall be made by a new standing High Judicial Council, formed according to European standards (a majority in its staff has to consist of judges elected by judicatory self-administration authorities). • Identifying a court where a judge has to work, transfer of a judge to another court has to be in power of the High Judicial Council, and this power is realized only based on competition. • Within the staffing of the High Judicial Council a standing qualification board and disciplinary board should be established, renouncing a separate High Qualifications Commission of Judges.

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IV. LAW ENFORCEMENT REFORM - Depolitization implies taking the police authority out of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and depriving the Minister (as a political person) of powers regarding the police operational management. - Decentralisation of the police shall take place simultaneously with administrative and territorial reform. The management of local police shall be elected by the whole community and local council. The government, in its turn, shall retain hold of ensuring security of facilities of regional and national relevance. - Demilitarization has to change the status of the police and turn it from a military unit into a service to ensure security and law enforcement. Policemen shall be admitted as public servants, not military servicemen. Ranks for the police shall be different from the military ranks. Also the staffing of the ministries and territorial police agencies should involve only civilian public officials. Internal security forces should not fit in a new police system. - Police â&#x20AC;&#x201C; for policing. From now on the police shall not deal with registration of transport vehicles, control of trade in vehicles, tests for vehicle driving, permitting transfer of hazardous goods, licensing certain types of commercial activities, guarding security services on a paid basis.

V. ANTICORRUPTION REFORM Strengthen integrity and accountability in public sector - Create under the law a specialized agency for coordination of anticorruption policy (for example, National Commission for preventing corruption). The agency shall comply with international standards of independence and efficiency: autonomy from the executive agencies, transparent and competitive selection of management and key staff, relevant powers, particularly for conducting administrative investigations and applying sanctions. Key functions: coordinate implementation of national anticorruption strategies and action plans, anticorruption expertise of draft by-laws that are under consideration of the government and president, hold/order of

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anticorruption research, anticorruption education; investigate violations of rules of the conflict of interest, gifts and pluralism, monitoring and verification of public officials declarations, protection of plaintiffs (people who report wrongdoings), consulting and supervision on developing integrity plans in every public agency etc. - Create a single web-portal with an open access for submission and disclosure of public officials’ declarations. Ensuring transparency of party finances and political activities - Restore a direct state financing of political parties that gained certain support of voters following the results of parliamentary elections – a necessary requirement for removing major capital influence on politics. - Ensure transparency and accountability in funding political parties and electoral campaigns and referendums. - online broadcasting of meetings of parliamentary committees and the Verkhovna Rada, disclosure of committee sessions’ minutes, draft a cost estimate of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and respective expenditure report etc. Ensuring transparency and competitiveness in public procurement - Required disclosure of all major procurement documentation, particularly procurement contracts. Ensuring access to socially important information - Ensure access (including via the Internet) to all public registers containing information on legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, information on ownership and other property rights. - Introduce mandatory record of information about individuals – beneficial owners of legal entities at the moment of state registration and disclosure of this information.

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Media Focus

ТСН 10 April 2014 Yatsenyuk is sure that Ukraine should immediately increase and improve the army of Ukraine. According to the prime minister, Ukraine’s own army is the only one who will defend Ukraine. The Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk asserted that own powerful and big army – this is the only way to protect the country. He said about that at Kyiv Security Forum. “There is no other choice for Ukraine, but building its own army, modernizing our own armed forces”, said Yatsenyuk.

PODROBNOSTI.UA 10 April 2014 Ukraine has to get an idea about a new Constitution before the elections, Yatsenyuk. Ukraine, before the presidential elections has clearly to get comprehension about the format of a new Constitution of the country, said Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk. “We have to pass through presidential elections and hold them fairly and transparently. Before elections Ukraine has clearly to declare what a new Ukrainian Constitution will be like”, he said, speaking on Kyiv Security Forum on Thursday.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine 11 April 2014 The Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Andriy Deshchytsia spoke at the main session of the 7th Kyiv Security Forum, which was attended by the Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia Miroslav Lajchak, OSCE Secretary General Lamberto Zannier, other top level foreign guests, national and international politicians, representatives of business and civil society. At his speech the Minister highlighted unprecedented consolidation of the international community around support of the territorial integrity of the Ukrainian state, condemning the actions of the Russian Federation with regards to occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and interference into internal affairs of Ukraine. The Foreign Affairs Minister highlighted that today Ukraine does not choose between Europe and Russia. «The only choice – it’s between the past and the future», - he said, emphasizing that the Ukrainian people will make this choice independently, without any guidance from outside.

ТВІ 10 April 2014 SLOVAKIA STARTED TECHNICAL PREPARATION FOR GAS REVERSE TO UKRAINE Slovakia has already started technical preparation for arranging the reverse supplies of the natural gas from the EU to Ukraine. This was announced by the Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia Miroslav Lajcak. “We have already started technical preparation for the reverse, thus there is no grounds for any accusations”, – he said at Kyiv Security Forum on Thursday.

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UKRAINIAN PRAVDA 10 April 2014 The issue of federalization of Ukraine does not have to trouble Russia Nuland. Implementing a constitutional reform is an internal matter of Ukraine. The Russian Federation has no right to impose conditions with regards to federalization of Ukraine. This opinion was expressed by the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Europe and Eurasia Victoria Nuland during a direct broadcast during the 7th Kyiv Security Forum on Thursday. UNN 11 April 2014 Bogdan Khvorostyaniy Ukraine will not repeat the mistakes of the Orange Revolution – political scientist Oleksiy Haran. Due to the fact that people died during the Dignity Revolution, Ukrainians will not repeat the mistakes that were made after 2004 Orange Revolution. Oleksiy Haran, professor of political sciences of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy told that during Kyiv Security Forum, UNN reports. “After the victory of Maidan we constantly hear the argument, “for what “The Heaven’s Hundred” died for. And I think that it’s going to be heard always as a refrain. And that will protect us from the mistakes that were made after 2004, when we did a revolution and gave politicians control over everything”, O.Haran said.

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UNIAN 11 April 2014 Ukraine has to create an attractive alternative to Putin’s Russia – Mayor of Prague . Ukraine has to create an attractive alternative to Putin’s Russia, Tomas Hudechek, the Mayor of Prague believes. He said this during the 7th Kyiv Security Forum speaking at the session «How to change the history: power of civil society», the Forum’s press-service reports to UNIAN. According to Hudechek, Ukrainian people that rose against the dictatorship with aspiration for better life, have to demonstrate a capacity to create a country in the region that would be an attractive alternative of President Volodymyr Putin’s Russia, in other words a country, where the multilateral dialogue is possible between the government and civil society, while Kyiv should be in the forefront of this process. nbnews 10 April 2014 Ukraine will choose its own future without instructions from other countries – Deshchytsia. Ukrainian people independently will choose direction of the integration. And Outside guidance will not affect this choice. It was said by the Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs Andriy Deshchytsia at the meeting of the 7th Kyiv Security Forum, as reported by the press service of the MFA of Ukraine. The diplomat highlighted that today Ukraine does not choose between Russia and Europe. «The only choice to make – between the past and the future», he said.

CENSOR.NET 10 April 2014 The government is for decentralization of power, but strongly against calls for federalization on the side of foreign states, - Arseniy Yatsenyuk stated. «We strongly do not accept calls for federalization of Ukraine, moreover when such calls are expressed by a ministry of foreign affairs of a foreign state», Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Prime-Minister of Ukraine* highlighted on Thursday, 10 April during the 7th Kyiv Forum «On the Fault Line: to be Secure in - Between».

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UKRINFORM 10 April 2014 Lajcak: Today Ukraine is a moral winner. Miroslav Lajcak, Vice Prime Minister of Slovakia, Minister of Foreign Affairs highly appreciated the capacity of Ukraine to react with dignity to foreign aggression. He said that on Thursday during the 7th Kyiv Security Forum, as reported by the Ukrinform reporter. “I would like highly appreciate your capacity to react on force and provocation with dignity, with reserve, calmness. This makes Ukraine a moral winner in these difficult times for her”, said the Slovak minister. THE DAY Mykola Siruk 15 April 2014 On aggression of Russia and responsibility of the West. This year’s dramatic events in Ukraine, Russia’s annexation of the Crimea, the concentration of Russian troops near the eastern border of Ukraine, where not without help of Russian secret services the wave of separatism rose, the first time the attention was focused on importance of our country’s security not only for the region, but for the whole world. Understandably these issues were central at the VII Kyiv Security Forum (KSF), that was held on 10-11 April in the capital of Ukraine entitled «On the Fault Line: to be Secure in - Between». Prime-Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk noted in his speech that seven years ago when we conceived to hold KSF, no one could predict that in Kyiv a new security system will be discussed, that in Ukraine the most dramatic events will take place that would testify that there is no security. «We are subject to military intervention, that does not have an adequate response in the world», he said adding that a discussion on a new security system can be such a response.

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SEHODNYA.UA 11 April 2014 As early as in 2008 Putin spoke about Ukraine as about artificially created state – the former defense minister of Poland. President of the Russian Federation as early as at Bucharest summit sent a signal what he can do, said Klich. The Member of Polish Senate, Deputy Chairman of Committee for Foreign Affairs, former defense minister of Poland (2007-2011) Bogdan Klich believed that for Ukraine the rapprochement with NATO is necessary. As informed by the reporter of “Sehodnya.ua”, Klich asserted that at the international security forum in Kyiv. KORESPONDENT 11 April 2014 Putin has to pay too dear for the events in Ukraine - Freedom House. President of Freedom House believes that the West bears responsibility for the support to Ukraine. President of Freedom House David Kramer believes that in case of Russian aggression the West cannot stand aside and say that nothing’s happening. Western sanctions against Russia because of military aggression of the latter against Ukraine became a proper response, but it’s not exactly what is needed in the current situation. David Kramer, President of Freedom House said that during the 7th Security Forum in Kyiv. DELO.UA 11 April 2014 NATO Assistant Secretary General: Crimea is the biggest crisis since the times of Berlin wall. NATO should support the territorial integrity of Ukraine, Kolinda GrabarKitarovic believes. The annexation of the Crimea is not seen by the Alliance as an irreversible process. “Military aggression of Russia in the Crimea is the biggest crisis since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Illegal annexation of the territory of Ukraine is a blatant violation of international commitments of Russia”, — Kolinda Hrabar-Kitarovic, NATO Assistant Secretary General for Public Diplomacy, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Croatia (2008-2011) stated at the 7th Kyiv Security Forum.

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TYZHDEN.UA 11 April 2014 President Freedom House: The West has to proceed to strict sanctions even before it will sit down at the negotiating table with Russia. To prevent hard actions of Russia in the future, the West should strengthen the sanctions now. David Kramer, the President of Freedom House, human rights organization, declared in his comment to tyzhden.ua at the 7th Kyiv Security Forum. David Kramer believes that the U.S. will undertake a leading role in further sanctions against Russia since the EU will not do that.

INTERFAX 10 April 2014 Nuland thinks that RF has no right to demand a federalization of Ukraine. Constitutional reform is an internal matter of Ukraine. The Russian Federation has no right to set forth conditions with regard to federalization of Ukraine – Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs Victoria Nuland. “Constitutional reform should be solely Ukrainian matter. Ukrainians themselves have to decide the future of the country, and it is absolutely unacceptable on the part of Russia to set forth conditions with regards to federalization that would lead Ukraine to big risks of dissolution”, she said that during a direct broadcast at the meeting of the 7th Kyiv Security Forum on Thursday.

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