P O RT F O L I O
selected architectural projects by Katherine Marcyan M.Arch + B.S. Arch 2015
web: katherinemarcyan.com
phone: 1 734 778 1991
email: katherinemarcyan@gmail.com
Table of Contents Spectrum
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Sushi.Barber.Bomber
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The Claw_ a study in arena concert stage acoustics + acoustical panel design
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429 W Van Buren
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0 Net CO�Emissions
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Construction
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Plasticized_ the commodification of
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plastic waste in the Pacific
SPECTRUM Winter 2014 In collaboration with Alina Granville & Vanessa Argento Advised by Christina Hansen & Julia McMorough
The proposal of the Systems Studio is to address the design of a student housing complex located at the University of Michigan’s north campus. The site is about 25 acres and houses a minimum of 1,000 students with majors in Architecture, Art, Music and Engineering. Although all these majors study at the north campus facilities there is little to no interaction within the disciplines because the facilities are so segmented distant. Focusing on collaborative spaces, diversity of living and social interactions, Spectrum embraces the great ideas that come from collaboration while revitalizing the social life of north campus. Featuring many amenities that go beyond just student housing Spectrum strives to become the new social hub of north campus inviting only the current students to collaborate but also students who do not currently reside or study on north campus. 2
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2 Bed Room Suite
1 Bed Room Second Floor Plan Parking
Market
Retail Shops
1 Bed Room CafĂŠs Gallery
Fitness Center
First Floor Plan
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Studio
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Hubbard Rd
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University of Michigan North Campus, ann Arbor, MI
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SUSHI. BARBER. BOMBER. Fall 2013 Advised by Jason Young
Taking cues from Gregory Ulmer’s theory of electracy (image literacy) and predictions of an image based culture, Sushi.Barber. Bomber. houses an array of seemingly unrelated programs- sushi bar, barbershop, and a decommissioned Nighthawk stealth fighter in an abandoned slaughterhouse located in the Eastern Market District of Detroit. The counter-intutitive process began with a series of photo collage scenes that informed the organization of the plan. Partitions of varying opacity (concrete, screens, mirrors, fish tanks) were used as the only barriers within the space. Futhermore the secondary, support spaces were developed first with the primary spaces unfolding as a result. 8
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Decommissioned Nighthawk Styling
Washing Ladies’ Room
Men’s Room
Kitchen Drying
Bar
Sunken Seating Tatami Mat Seating
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10’
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80’
Internal Partition Materiality
Glass Mirror 2-Way Mirror Fish Tank Live Camera Screen Concrete Wall
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THE CLAW
A STUDY IN ARENA CONCERT STAGE ACOUSTICS & ACOUSTICAL PANEL DESIGN Winter 2015 Advised by Moji Navvab
This project sought to investigate the acoustical properties of the stadium concert experience. The implementation and design of an acoustical panel system that can be attached to concert stages and venue ceilings to strategically re-direct, diffuse, and absorb sound waves thus enhancing sound quality for both performers and audiences alike was proposed. Emphasis was placed on studying the effects of crowd noise on performers, the amplification of sound through spatial means, and audio speaker location and specifications. The method of study entailed an analysis of the rock band, U2’s concert stage, “The Claw”, and Miami’s Sun Life Stadium as a base case for further acoustical alterations. The aim was to enhance the sound quality emitted from the stage via a series of geometrically calibrated acoustic panels situated directly above the stage as well as panels attached to the stadium’s ceiling. 14
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Current Sun Lire Stadium (no roof)
Proposed ro
Sun Life Stadium Sun Life Stadium home of the NFL team, the Miami Dolphins, and the University of Miami Hurricanes football team, hosted U2’s 360° on June 29th, 2011. Designed by Populous in 1987, the stadium has a current capacity of 75,540 and is an open-air venue. Renovations (designed by HOK Sports Facilities Group) set to be completed by 2016 propose to reduce the number of seats to 65,000 and add a large “open-air canopy” roof over the stadium. This Roof structure is an opportunity to enhance the acoustics of the stadium.
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oof addition
Proposed diffuser panels
Reflection Phase Grating Diffuser Panel Design The 200, 24’x24’ reflection phase grating diffuser panels embedded into the underside of the roof were designed to be operable panels that can open and close to increase surface area and manipulate geometry. The three positions that were tested were the flat position (0° ), half way open (45° ), and the closed position (90°). This operability is important when designing for a multipurpose venue in which each event has very different, specific, acoustical needs. The manipulation of the panels’ geometry effects which sound waves (based on their frequency) will be deflected and thus diffused versus the frequencies that will be caught. The panels are designed with a low absorption coefficient to be as reflective as possible thus amplifying the sound within the stadium especially near the upper deck sections where sound distribution is most troublesome.
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Ecotect The software chosen to analyze the geometry manipulation of the acoustical panels was Ecotect. This program allows for the simulation of sound waves visualized via a series of vectors that represent the direction of sound waves in the form of rays. Projected Roof Sound Reflections Simulation As predicted, the addition of a roof will provide another surface to reflect sound waves off of. This flat surface will aim sound waves in only one direction. While the reflected sound will increase the total SPL within the space, it will not provide the consistent coverage that is desired as some areas will receive more reflections than others amplifying the sound quality disparity that was already present within the venue. Reflection Phase Grating Diffuser Panels Simulation The further addition of the reflection phase grating diffuser panels allow for the greater range of manipulation of sound reflections giving more control of the sound quality to the audio engineer. The simulation of the phase grating diffuser panels at a 45째 position provides the most surface area for the sound to be reflected upon. The waves are caught in the panel and then diffused creating a consistance covrage and more even sound throughout the stadium. Due to the size and distance from the sound source, the panels unfortunately will only be able to enhance lower sound frequencies from the loud speaker system as the higher frequencies are too short to reach the panels. Higher frequencies from the upper deck may be able to reach the panels but the reflections would die off shortly after. The lower sound frequencies will provide a richer, full-bodied sound quality to the stadium.
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ITD Gap Initial time-delay gap or ITDG describes the difference in arrival times between the first two direct sound arrivals. This information is useful in determining the proper placement of loudspeakers and the delay times needed in distributed loudspeaker systems.This is important to note as this project investigate both the audio system and architectural design of the venue. The Claw sound system produces a range of ITD gaps from 13ms to 0ms and an average ITD gap of 2.8ms. This is significantly shorter than the recommeded 12-25ms desired in concert halls. Thus the initial sound and the second wave are reaching the listener too close together in some regions of the audience area. The audience closest to the stage have an ITD gap ranging from 13-9ms (pink)while areas further back are recieving a gap of 6-1ms (gold-white). D/R Ratio D/R ratio shows the ratio of direct to reverberant sound in terms of dB. Zero dB indicates the sound levels are the same. Numbers less than 0 indicate the reverberant sound level is higher than the direct sound level. Numbers greater than 0 indicate the direct sound level is higher. The average (maroon) direct sound is greater than the reverberant sound at frequencies from 0 to just past 4,000 HZ. The lowest D/R ratio (green) falls deep within negative values and thus the reflected sound is higher than the direct sound in some regions of the stadium.
Sound Pressure Level Sum or total SPL is the sum of the direct and reverberant sound energy in dB. In other words, it is the total sound level. There is a fairly consistent decline of SPL as the frequencies increase. This is due to the fact that the higher frequencies have shorter wave lengths and thus die faster than the lower frequencies with longer wave lengths.
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Average Reflected Sound Comparison 12
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Reflected Sound Level (dB)
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Frequency (HZ)
With Diffuser Panels & Roof Average With Roof Average Without Roof Average
Reflected phase grating diffuser affects reflected SPL The SPL of crowd noise as measured in current condition was measured in EASE as100 dBA. The SPL crowd noise with canopy as designed is predicted at114-120 dBA based on the EASE simulations. Since EASE does not disclose the reflected component of the SPL only the direct and total SPL, the reflected component was produced by the difference of the total and direct SPL. Three scenarios were tested, one the current condition (without roof), two the proposed (with roof), and three the proposed roof with diffuser panels. The differences between three is the direct contribution of the sound waves reflected from the roof and then off the panels. The difference between roof and no roof is minimal but the integration of the reflected phase grating diffusers almost doubles the amount of reflected sound.
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Reverberation Time Comparison 3.5
Reverberation Time (Seconds)
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A: With Roof & house speakers & additional concert speakers B: Without Roof & house speakers & additonal concert speakers C: Without Roof & house speakers (top speakers at standard broadcast operation setings) Delta B &C Delta A & B
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10,000
Reverberation Time Often described as liveliness, reverberation time is a measurement of how fast the sound decays so as not to have echoes or interference. For a larger concert hall a good reverberation time could range between 4-1.75 seconds. The following is Sabine’s formula for reverberation time: T60= (0.5V)/ Σ(A*α) Where V is the room volume. A is the surface area of the walls, floor, and ceiling, and α is the absorption coefficient of the material of the surfaces. The chart compares the reverberation time at frequencies ranging from 100-10,000HZ for the simulations that were ran in EASE. Option A represents the simulation with the proposed roof and The Claw speakers and house sound system. Option B represents the simulation with the proposed roof and house (stadium) speakers only. The difference between options A and B is represented with Delta A-B. Option C represents the simulation without the proposed roof and the current speaker system and the difference between the proposed renovations and current stadium is represented with Delta B-C. Based on the graph option A has the highest db levels as is to be expected having the most speakers and a roof to reflect off of while option C has the lowest db level as it is without a roof. Both options A and B are well within the desired range of 4-1.75db while option C is is slightly too low. Delta A-B can also be considered the situation where only The Claw sound system is in play just as it was during the 360° Tour. This sound system arrangement produces a reverberation range well below the desired 4-1.75ms peaking only around 0.75ms and dropping to 0ms. Based off of the EASE simulations the tour could have a sound quality closer to what would be heard in a concert hall if the house sound system was utilized.
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Measured Sound Exposure Levels due to crowd noise at the site as experienced by the audience
Sound Intensity Level (dBA)
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Time (seconds) Crowd Noise Sound Intensity levels (with roof) Crowd Noise Sound Intensity Level (without roof)
Audience Sound Exposure The above chart depicts the sound intensity levels perceived by the audience over a period of (7200 s) or the duration of a two hour concert. For most of the period the intensity level is within the range of 80-100dB yet ever so often there is s spike and the intensity reaches around 110dB. This is the sound overexposure that was discussed in previously which has the potential to become damaging to the ear. Like the doctors’ concert experiment the audience is being exposed to more than the acceptable amount of noise during over the course of the concert as any long term exposure to sound sustained over 90-95dB can result in hearing loss.
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Measured Peak Crowd Noise at the site in units of loudness and loudness levels
Sound Intensity Level (dBA)
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Perceived Loudness “Loudness,” is a subjective term definded as the perceptual experience approximately correlated with that physical intensity. In acoustics, a unit of loudness “sone” is defined as the loudness of a 1000 Hz tone 40 dB above threshold. Loudness depends upon both the SPL and the duration of exposure to the sound. Loudness also has to consider the ear’s response to increasing sound intensity in powers of ten. The chart shows the perceived loudness versus the loudness level for Sun Life Stadium during a duration of an hour. About half of perceived loudness is under the 90dB limit yet there are many spikes where the loudness reaches over 150dBs, about 45dBs over the average sound level for rock concerts.
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429 W VAN BUREN Fall 2012 Advised by Heidi Beebe
429 W Van Buren located on the banks of the Chicago River was conceived as not only a multi-use facility (office space, parking, retail, restaurant, and residential) but also as a platform on which to explore the concept of water conservation. The ambiguity of “ground”- a theme prevalent in Chicago- is achieved through the integration of a massive green roof which morphs earth into the architecture of the building. River water is funneled into the building and pumped up to the roof garden to be naturally filtered. Retail and restauraunt spaces are located substreet level to connect to the river as well as integrate the “L” track that passes through the building.
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W Adams St Willis Tower
Chicago Union Station
S Franklin St
S Clinton St
S Canal St
S Wacker Dr
W Jackson Blvd
W Van Buren St
Congress Parkway West Loop Neighborhood, Chicago 50’ 0’
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0 NET CO� EMISSIONS Fall 2013 In collaboration with Solomon Tucker Advised by Lars Junghans
The purpose of the 0 Net Emissions course is to use computer analysis to test and then implement current sustainable practices in the creation of a zero net CO� emissions residence. Building systems and envelops were tested using Design Builder software while energy costs and CO� emissions were projected based off of current prices and average emission percentages. Located on Long Beach, CA, this beach house is a carbon neutral structure that generates its own energy. The unique double roof design allows for natural ventilation while keeping the house safe from the elements. Air passes beneath the raised roof and down through the LouvreTec Aluminum Spiral Pivot System (embedded into the second roof) and into the center of the residence. Using sustainable building systems such as geo-exchange heat pump, photo voltaic, natural ventilation, and solar warm water heater, the beach house emits as little as 5.11 kgCO�/ft² per year while generating over 160 kWh/ ft² of clean electricity reducing CO� emissions by over 330 kg CO�/ft² per year- more than 50x the amount of CO� it emits. 34
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Photovoltaics
HVAC
Heat pump
Water tank
Electrical Grid
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Horizontal, geothermal ground coupled loops
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First Level Foyer Study Living Room Dinning Room Water Closet Kitchen Mechanical Room Laundry Room Deck Second Level Bed Room 1 Bath Room Bed Room 2 Master Bed Room Master Bath Room
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6” medium weight concrete LouvreTec: aluminum Spiral Pivot System 4” xps extruded Polystyrene Pre-Cast Insulated Concrete 1’-0” Photovoltaic Pre-Cast Concrete
Concrete Block w/ Pearlite 4” xps extruded Polystyrene Pre-Cast Concrete Structural Column 1’-0” Dbl LoE (e2=1) CLR 6mm/3mm Argon filled
Pre-Cast Concrete Floor 4” xps extruded Polystyrene Pre-Cast Insulated Concrete 1’-0” Dbl LoE (e2=1) CLR 6mm/3mm Argon filled Pre-Cast Concrete Floor 4” xps extruded Polystyrene Pre-Cast Insulated Concrete 1’-0”
Concrete Piles
Scale: 1/2” = 1’-0”
Natural Ventilation Supply Air Return Air
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0’
Primary Energy Operation Cost Demand $/ft²year kWh/ft²year Heating
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0.02
Cooling
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2.14
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Ventilation
0.60
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Artificial Lighting
7.32
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Co�Emissions in kgCO�/ft²year 55
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40 Solar Warm Water Collection Area 58.05 ft² Water Storage 98.28 gallons
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Photovoltaics On Site Harvesting Calculations Area of PV Array
2,123 ft²
Annual Global Radiation
2,612 kWh/m² year
Gross Floor Area of Bldg
2,394 ft²
Electric Energy Harvesting
163.14 kWh/ft²
Primary Energy Factor
3.34
CO� Emission of Electricity
0.62 CO�/kWh
Reduced CO� Emissions
337.82 CO�/ft²
Co�Emissions in kgCO�/ft²year
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Artificial lighting 4.54 Ventilation 0.37 Heating 0.18 Cooling 0.02
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CO� emission reduction due to on site energy harvesting via photovoltaics: 337.82 kgCO�/ft²year
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CONSTRUCTION
2”X2” WOODEN SHADING DEVICE
WOODEN FASCIA PANEL WOODEN WINDOW FRAME
Winter 2013 In collaboration with Nathan Fritz Advised by Lars Graebner
Based on the Two-Family House (1989, Pullach, Germany) by Thomas Herzog, Michael Streib, and Michael Volz, this multi- use building is a modern take on Alpine construction methods.The heavy timber construction is reminiscent of the Alpine timber framed barn while keeping inaccordance with Herzog’s decision to break away from the traditional use of logs and solid timber beams in favor of 150mm, glued, laminated, wood columns in order to economize material and take advantage of industrial construction options. The structural grid as well as the integration of steel tie cross bracing resulted from the choice of laminated wood for the materiality of the building’s columns. 42
SMALL COLUMN CONNECTION
ROOFING BALLAST RIGID INSULATION
1/4” FINISHED WOOD FLOOR 3/8” SUB FLOOR FLOOR JOISTS 3/8” UNDERLAY 7”X12” LAMINATED BEAM 10”X15” LAMINATED BEAM
LARGE COLUMN CONNECTION
Multi-use facility Construction Details
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Elevation 3.8 m
Elevation 0.7 m
Section A-A South Elevation
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Two-Family House Explorations
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1 External wall, 200mm: 18 x 290 mm wood-cement particleboard, 300mm cover width, with stone-grey acrylic paint ďŹ nish 14 x 120 mm strips glued to external cladding 150 mm thermal insulation vapour barrier18 mm wood-cement particle board
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2 Glulam internal column, 150 x 150 mm 4
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3 Glulam external column, 60 x 150 mm 4 Glulam stud, 40 x 150 mm 5 Glulam edge beam, 60 x 180 mm 6 Glulam beam, 100 x 400 mm
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7 Ventilation flap with insect screen 8 Concrete foundation
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9 Sole plate, 50 x 150 mm 10 Heat storage wall: transparent thermal insulation elemen: no-tinted glass capillary polycarbonate glass with linear horizontal structure, 100 mm precast concrete unit, outer face painted black polyethylene vapour barrier 18 mm wood-cement particle board
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11 Cantilever suppor, compund section with plywood sides 12 Timber grid, 40 x 40 mm, balustrade with stainless steel mesh 13 Overhead glazing, toughened saftey glass 14 Double glazing, toughened saftey glass
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Two-family House Wall Detail 45
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Multi-use facility 46
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PLASTICIZED
The Commodification of Plastic Waste in the Pacific M.Arch Thesis, Winter 2015 Advised by Kathy Velikov Coined by Timothy Morton as, “entities of such vast temporal and spatial dimensions that they defeat traditional ideas of what a thing is in the first place,� hyperobjects have existed long before the anthropocene and will continue to exist long after. None the less humans have managed to have a profound impact on the creation of many hyperobjects.This thesis positions itself where two hyperobjects collide by promoting the collection of plastic waste, transformation of it into petroleum, and redistribution of the petroleum to worldwide markets for economic gains. With this new source of revenue island states under the threat of inundation can reappropriate existing technologies as well as finance research to further developments to build a floating nation. The thesis theorizes that by leveraging rather than seeking to contain hyperobjects of the Pacific, a new aquatic urbanism will emerge. The project concerns itself with the geopolitics of waste within the realm of the Pacific by proposing the creation of a committee of the United Nations (the Inundated Island Nation Coalition) to internationally represent these island states while manifesting itself in the form of a trading outpost and plastic refinery sited within the Northeast and South Pacific Gyres while projecting expansion into other regions of the world.
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Setting the Stage Every hour humans discard an estimated 2.5 million plastic containers into the world’s oceans where given time, the majority is sucked into the vortex that is the Northeast Pacific Gyre, amassing into an amorphous “island” of waste known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Researchers believe the area of this patch to be twice the size of Texas and at a depth of 300 meters. The gyre lies in international waters far beyond the territorial jurisdiction of any one nation. Humans created it yet humans refuse to lay claim over it. It is undesirable waste yet what if this waste suddenly became a valuable resource? Simultaneously 2,000 NM south of the gyre island nations such as Kiribati and Tuvalu brace themselves for the inevitable inundation of their homeland as rising sea levels threaten to sink the atolls. Some experts predict complete submersion by the end of the century. Armed with little to no economic capital the inhabitants will be the first climate change refugees of this century.
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The Northeast Pacific Gyre 2045
The Network Plastic is a byproduct of petroleum extraction. After it is refined into plastic and transformed into a product (mainly single use containers) it makes its way to the consumer whom inevitably disposes of it. whether it is recycled or placed in the trash the vast majority of plastic in the United States ends up in a landfill where it is washed downstream into the water ways and makes its way into the ocean. Once in the ocean the currents carry the plastic across hundreds of thousands of miles to distant shores or to the center of the gyres. This process takes years to decades depending on where the objects enter the ocean. For example Japanese items from the tsunami of 2011 reached US shores as early as 2013 riding the strong Kuroshio Current while other items will remain in the gyre or sink the bottom of the ocean where researchers believe up to 70% of the ocean’s plastic waste resides. 80% of this waste is land base where naval vessels only account for 20% of ocean pollution. Once in the water plastic photo degrades breaking down into microplastics while releasing toxins into the ocean and absorbing others. Many sea creatures are affected by the presences of plastic, causing physical damage such as sea turtles getting caught in ghost nets (tangled plastic nets) and fish and albatross eating plastic. Because fish have been contaminated by plastic it is virtually impossible for humans to eat fish from seas and even fresh water lakes without digesting plastic themselves. The process of transforming the ocean’s plastic into petroleum has been recently tested by a non-profit research group called the ocean cleanup project with positive results. The proposed plastic network integrates itself within this already vast life cycle of plastic. The goal is to collect the plastic in the Pacific, chemically transform it into petroleum, and then redistribute it into the world market. IINC Outpost Model
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The Inundated Island Nation Coalition Pacific Outpost
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The Inundated Island Nation Coalition Pacific Outpost
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Kiribati 2100 The Narritive
The year is 2020, the location, 38N-145W or the center of the Northeast Pacific Gyre. After the success of the Ocean Cleanup Project many mega corporations such as Royal Dutch Shell and British Petroleum, and Exxon Mobil decide to abandon the massive offshore oil rigs in favor of the smaller, less expensive plastic collection stations. The Pacific has now become a plastic waste field as these stations spring up tens of nautical miles apart harvesting the now precious plastic and storing it until it can be shipped to the back to shore for refinement. The stations require very little maintenance and as a result workers only visit the site once every 45 days to empty the station’s holding cistern. Meanwhile the Inundated Island Nation Coalition has managed to seize an abandon oil platform and relocate it to the Northeast Pacific Gyre. This newly renovated plastic refinery serves as a trading post and colony for the many plastic extraction workers (or scavengers as the oil companies call them). The Inundated Island Coalition pays the workers based on commission, refines the plastic into petroleum, and then ships it out on freights to the very nations that discarded the plastic in the first place. With the profits split between the Inundated Island Nations the funds have supported research into aquatic infrastructure that will withstand the inundation of the islands while giving these nations financial independence not seen since before the 19th century. 56
BALCONY OPTIONS
Public/Private OPTIONS
Fully private PLATFORM OPTIONS
Footprint of house
Exposed side pop-out
Enclosed side pop out
Private with open public walkways
Exposed roof balcony
Private with enclosed public walkway
Exterior sidewalks
Patio
Private upper levels public lower level
Yard
FLOATATION OPTIONS
Rain water collection storage cells
Plastic bottles
Barge platform Kiribati structure options
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2015
The Inundation of Kiribati
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2045
2075
2100
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education the university of michigan - ann arbor, MI taubman college of architecture + urban planning 09.2013-05.2015 09.2009-05.2013
master of architecture bachelor of science in architecture
flat rock community high school flat rock, MI
09.2005-05.2009
high school diploma summa cum laude + valedictorian
academic awards 06.2008-07.2008
mazada foundation scholarship youth for understanding foreign exchange program foreign exchange student in iwakuni-shi, yamaguchi, JP + attended sanyo jorshi high school in hiroshima, JP
12.2009-05.2011
university dean’s list university of michigan college of LS&A for maintaining a 3.5 + GPA
03.2013
exhibition: SPREE taubman college winter 2013 student show nominated for the architecture student show
computing literacy adobe photoshop adobe illustrator adobe indesign
arcmap auto CAD auto CAD architectural
design builder EASE ecotect
work experince 06.2014-05.2015
09.2012-05.2013
06.2013-08.2013
graduate student research assistant
the university of michigan - ann arbor, MI assisted associate professor of architecture, mojtaba navvab tasks include stadium + concert hall 3D modeling, computer acoustic analysis + simulations, diffuser + absorption panel design, audio system selection + speaker design
student research assistant
the university of michigan - ann arbor, MI assisted associate professor of architecture, jason young tasks include research of truck stops +highway urbanism as a means of spatial + informational networking, arcgis mapping of 900+ truck stops, site plan mapping of truck stops + highway interchanges
intern architect A3C- ann arbor, MI tasks include construction documentation + LEED GA class
03.2013
intern architect hobbs + black - ann arbor, MI tasks include construction documentation, site visits
06.2007-07.2007
intern CAD draftsman AMSCO wear products inc. - goshen, NY tasks include production of mechanical shop drawings that were used for a ‘mega shredder’ at a scrap processing plant in newark, NJ
eQUEST lightscape microsoft office
revit rhinoceros 3D studio max
sketch up solidworks solidedge
vray (for rhino)