Opportunistic Urbanism Research Publication

O

C I T U S RBAN I N U T ISM OR P P MASTERS THESIS OF ARCHITECTURE & URBAN DESIGN STUDIO UNDERSTANDING COMPARATIVE LIVING ENVIRONMENTS - MELBOURNE & SOUTH HOLLAND -

SEMESTER 2 2017

MSD Studio + Thesis i Opportunistic Urbanism

In addition to the contributors, instructors, and students, this effort is made possible through the collaboration of the University of Melbourne and TU Delft, and the City of Melbourne and the Deltametroplis Association.

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Dedicated to Melbourne and the Randstad, this book forms the foundation of our approach to address the future development of these two great places. Through the combined efforts of students, this research will hopefully inspire considered approaches as these cities increase populations. This would not be possible without the guidance and knowledge provided by the contributors and instructors, a special thanks to Katherine and Andy who champion this effort through the Opportunistic Urbanism studio.

Dit eindresultaat is te danken aan bijdragen, in de vorm van begeleidingen en kennis, van de zowel vakdocenten als gastauteurs. In het bijzonder een dankbetuiging aan Katherine en Andy, die beiden aan de basis van dit boek hebben gestaan als vakdocenten van de studio Opportunistic Urbanism.

Naast de bijdragen van alle betrokkenen, vakdocenten en studenten, is dit eindresultaat mogelijk gemaakt door de samenwerking tussen de University of Melbourne, de TU Delft, de City of Melbourne en de Vereniging Deltametropool.

Opportunistic Urbanism

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dit boek is gewijd aan twee metropolitane regio’s, Melbourne en de Randstand, en zal de basis leggen voor de manier waarop wij de toekomstige ontwikkelingen van deze twee gebieden voor ons zien. Beide gebieden worden gekenmerkt door nieuwe vraagstukken ten gevolge van de sterke bevolkingsgroei. Hopelijk kan het resultaat van dit boek, een samenwerkingsproject tussen studenten, inspireren en tot vernieuwende inzichten leiden die kunnen helpen bij het vinden van een juiste aanpak voor beiden gebieden.

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III MELBOURNE CONTRIBUTORS THE NETHERLANDS CONTRIBUTORS

1 2

STUDIO LEADERS 3 INTRODUCTION 5 THE URBEXER 7 8

URBAN LIFE SUPPORT

9

POLDER CITY TO CO-EXISTENCE

11

FITZROY INTERFACE INTERFACE SKETCHING

13 15

17

MELBOURNE ANALYSIS

19

THE NETHERLANDS ANALYSIS

63

COLLINGWOOD 22 DOCKLANDS 32 CARPARK 37 SOUTH YARRA 42 ST.KILDA 52

ROTTE EDGE 66 OUDE WESTEN 74 MULTI - FASHIONED 74 NORDOEVERS 82 SPUI DORDRECHT 90

RESOURCES AND LITERATURE 113 CONCLUSION 116

Opportunistic Urbanism 1 MSD Studio + Thesis

MELBOURNE CONTRIBUTORS

Rob McGauran

Simon Van Wijnen

David Morrison

MGS Architects

City of Melbourne

City of Melbourne

Tom Alves

Alan Pert

Melbourne Housing Exposition

Melbourne School of Design

Paul Gerretsen

Merten Nefs

Rients Dijkstra

Marieke Hillen

Deltametropolis Association

Deltametropolis Association

Deltametropolis Association

TU Delft

Wijkpaleis

Martin Biewenga

Sascha Glasl

Daan Zandbelt

Vincent Taapken

Elma van Boxel

West 8

Space & amp;

De Zwarte Hond

New Industry

ZUS

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Anastasia Chranioti

2

Melbourne

THE NETHERLANDS CONTRIBUTORS

Opportunistic Urbanism 3

STUDIO LEADERS Katherine Sundermann Associate Architect // MGS Architects Katherine Sundermann is an Associate at MGS Architects, and writer for Architecture Australia and Assemble Papers. She has practised architecture and urban design in Australia, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.

Her recent work includes master planning and strategic studies for university campuses, community infrastructure and urban renewal projects across Melbourne and regional

Victoria. She has completed a post-professional Master in Urbanism at TU Delft, focusing on regional design, performative urban design and collaborative planning. Since returning to Melbourne, Katherine has sought to explore the ‘Dutch approach’ to urbanism in a local context, seeking to integrate the often segregated fields of architecture, urban design and planning.

MSD Studio + Thesis

Andy Fergus Urban Designer // City of Melbourne Andy Fergus is an Urban Designer at the City of Melbourne, Co-Director of Melbourne Architours, and Nightingale Housing team member. Andy currently works on major projects and the development of design policy in central Melbourne, in addition to small scale personal architectural projects.

In urban design and architecture, Andy has

experience and interest across all scales of the urban environment and across the public, private, and community sectors. Andy is particularly interested in the balance of top-down and bottom-up approaches to urbanism, with a particular focus on enabling alternate development models which are community led, but government supported.

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schaalniveaus en verschillende sectoren; van publiek tot privaat en de gemeenschappelijke sector. Andy is in het bijzonder geïnteresseerd in het vinden van de juiste balans tussen topdown en bottum-up, waarbij hij zich toelegt op het mogelijk maken van alternatieve besluitvormingsprocessen waarin de gemeenschap een leidende rol vervuld, gesteund door de overheid.

Melbourne

Andy Fergus is een stedebouwkundige voor de City of Melbourne, co-directeur van Melbourne Achitours en vormt deel uit van het Nightingale Housing team. Andy werkt momenteel aan grootschalige projecten en de ontwikkeling van beleidsvorming- en uitvoering in het centrum van Melbourne, en werkt daarnaast aan persoonlijke projecten op kleinere schaal. Zowel in stedebouw en architectuur kent Andy een grote interesse voor het werken met verscheidene

4

Katherine heeft daarnaast een post-professional Master in Urbanism voltooid aan de TU Delft, waarin ze zich richtte op regionaal ontwerpen, performative urban design en collaborative planning. Sinds haar terugkeer naar Melbourne, heeft Katherine zich toegelegd op het verder onderzoeken van deze Nederlandse wijze van stedebouw op een locaal schaalniveau, waarbij verschillende vakgebieden zoals architectuur, stedebouwkundig ontwerp en -planning worden geïntegreerd.

Opportunistic Urbanism

Katherine Sundermann is een partner bij MSG Architects en schrijfster voor Architecture Australia en Assemble Papers.

Ze heeft architectuur en stedebouw beoefend in Australië, Denemarken, Duitsland en Nederland. Haar recente werk omvat masterplanning en strategisch onderzoek voor universiteitscampussen, locale infrastructuur en stedelijke herontwikkelingsprojecten in Melbourne en daarbuiten.

Opportunistic Urbanism MSD Studio + Thesis

5

INTRODUCTION This is a compilation of the research done by Master of Architecture and Master of Urban Design students at the University of Melbourne undertaking Opportunistic Urbanism, an international studio which examines the ‘Dutch Approach’ to architecture and urbanism. In response to a brief from Deltametrolpolis Association, this studio explores the qualities of life in Melbourne and South Holland. The aim of the urban interventions formed by this research is to address the desire of the Netherlands to compete with more dominant European cities in the global marketplace and attract skilled talent, a goal Melbourne shares. Through the development of underused sites in Rotterdam and Dordrecht, density can be increased through a considered approach which also

enhances the housing amenity of the area. In addition, the studio outcomes are intended to contribute to the Melbourne School of Design (MSD) Melbourne Housing Expo opening exhibition in late 2017, promoting new ways of thinking about housing and living environments.

This research shows the structure and make-up of various sites in Melbourne and the Netherlands. Those selected in Melbourne have been done so to illustrate their positive housing amenity, while those in the Netherlands are areas marked for higher future density. This research illuminates the possibilities in each location for new projects formed from lessons learnt from both contexts.

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De stedebouwkundige ingrepen die worden voorgesteld in dit boek hebben als doel de Randstad te ontwikkelen tot een gebied van internationale allure, dat kan wedijveren met de concurrerende metropolen van Europa op het gebied van handel en kennisvalorisatie. Hierbij wordt de link gelegd met Melbourne, aangezien deze stad een soortgelijke ontwikkeling voor ogen heeft. In de Randstad ligt potentie in het herontwikkelen van braakliggend terrein in steden als Rotterdam en Dordrecht, met als doel het verhogen van de dichtheid, het vergroten van de woningvoorraad en de mogelijkheid voor bedrijven om zich te vestigen.

Dit onderzoek laat de structuren zien van verscheidene locaties in zowel Melbourne als Nederland. De locaties in Melbourne worden gekenmerkt door hun goede woningvoorraad, terwijl de locaties in Nederland zijn bestemd voor hogere dichtheden in de toekomst. Het eindresultaat richt zich op het vinden van nieuwe mogelijkheden voor toekomstige ontwikkelingen, ondersteund door onderzoeksresultaten die voorkomen uit de vergelijking tussen de Randstad en Melbourne.

6

Deze stedebouwkundige ingrepen zullen hopelijk een bijdrage leveren aan de MSD Melbourne Housing Expo tentoonstelling eind 2017, waar nieuwe manieren van huisvesting en het verbeteren van de leefomgeving centraal staan.

Opportunistic Urbanism

Dit boek is het onderzoeksresultaat van de samenwerking tussen studenten van de Master of Architecture en de Master of Urban Design aan de University of Melbourne, die gezamenlijk onderdeel uitmaken van de studio Opportunistic Urbanism. Deze internationale studio doet onderzoek naar de ‘Dutch Approach’ op het gebied van architectuur en stedebouw. In antwoord op de vraag van de Vereniging Deltametropool, doet deze studio onderzoek naar de leefbaarheid van Melbourne en Zuid-Holland.

The extreme urban adventurers challenging a world of growing boundaries and restrictions, and reasserting the right to roam.

Dian Mashita Eddy Suryon How can a housing model of the past be re-invented for a harmonious and sustainable intercultural and intergenerational living of today and tomorrow?

Andre Bahremand

Elliot Rupert

How can parameter-based architecture help solve the issues associated with building diversity? Can good policy and socially informed urbanism help redefine the city’s identity? At a human scale, what effect does tactility and materiality have on catalytic urban environments?

Vacant space in our cities is now a matter of social responsibility. Innovative ways to create new space for diverse working communities in Dutch cities by exploring the potential of underutilised post-war architecture.

Ben Thorp

Heather Ward-Walton

Socio-spatial justice in the globalising polder city, urban and architectural strategies to alleviate the disadvantage of non-western immigrants in South Holland.

Can a housing exposition create the testing grounds to influence a new approach to urbanism which allows for flexible density, diverse typologies and user led development models?

Bridget O’Brien

Joy Qin

What possibilities can architecture provide as a ‘halfway house’ starting point for new arrivals to develop communities, or to integrate into existing ones? How can a neighbourhood model with a set of economic and design rules be established to spur the quick development of self-sustained and adaptable communities?

The urban adaptor is to deal with the ever-changing urban actions resulting from the changes in demographics, economic activities and environment.

MSD Studio + Thesis

7

Opportunistic Urbanism

THE URBEXER

To revitalise the traditions of intergenerational living coupled with the ideals of self-sufficiency within a micro community.

Nancy Samayoa

Sri Akila Ravi

Migrant communities present an invaluable collective of knowledge and experience that help strengthen communities when introduced into neighbourhoods. With current population growth in the Netherlands largely a result of immigration, how can these opportunities provided to cities and economies, benefit both new migrants and existing residents?

What are the parameters required to provide userled development which encourages residents to become more involved in their local communities?

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Sizhen Wong

Could successful elements of different typologies of contemporary water dwellings be replicated across potential sites in the Netherlands?

8

Melbourne

Jun Ming

Võ Duy Kim

Using the ‘contact theory’, can architecture act as a catalyst to bring back an adaptable neighbourhood unit binding different communities into one?

As cities create context for changes, how can an urban and architectural framework utilize redevelopment as a catalyst for the common good and improve living conditions?

Siobhan Hudson

Weiran Wu

In an era of hypermobile people, products and knowledge, how can ‘bottom-up’ developments offer faster delivery of a local community’s needs and respond to new residents? Can they support a flexible lifestyle lived throughout the community by offering a mix of housing options?

While preserving existing urban fabric, how could an extensive infill model generate a shareable community neighbourhood and activate street life?

Opportunistic Urbanism

Noel Keki Surti

Opportunistic Urbanism 9

URBAN LIFE SUPPORT Workshop, liveability case studies of melbourne and geelong david morrison 3/08/17 David Morrison from the City of Melbourne led a presentation on liveability in cities with a focus on Melbourne and Geelong.

Specific topics such as suburban sprawl and car dependency were discussed, as well as population density to support amenities such as entertainment, community centres, bars and museums. These issues were addressed in terms of the pitfalls of liveability statistics, with a reminder to always correlate research with experience to ensure that the data has real world context.

MSD Studio + Thesis

“Those that score best tend to be mid-sized cities in wealthier countries with a relatively low population density. These can foster a range of recreational activities without leading to high crime levels or overburdened infrastructure.” - The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2016

The ideal density for a city is one that can be effectively supported by transport, infrastructure, and amenity options. Housing quality is important, but not a deciding factor for most in moving to an

area, as other lifestyle factors such as transportation options and proximity to main areas of work and play, rank far higher in people’s priorities.

The Local Liveability study by the City of Melbourne in 2015 continues the work started by Jan Gehl. Looking at urban structure in Melbourne’s Central Business Disctict (CBD) and in Fisherman’s Bend, with a focus on block size, number of blocks, intersections, and number of parcels, the Liveability Study shows how the city works for its residents and workers. This offers insight into how the analysis of neighbourhoods can be approached.

After the presentation there was a quick analysis of the Netherlands sites; determining metropolitan connectivity, local amenity currently available and what could be added, based on the ambitions of the density goals using the lessons learned.

De ideale dichtheid voor een stad, is een dichtheid waarbij transport en infrastructuur effectief worden gebruikt en waarbij een grote variatie aan voorzieningen mogelijk is. De kwaliteit van de woningvoorraad is van belang, maar is ondergeschikt aan het belang dat men hecht aan transportopties en de bereikbaarheid van werk en voorzieningen.

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Deze manier van analyse werd vervolgens dan ook toegepast op een aantal Nederlandse locaties. Metropolitane connectiviteit, bereikbaarheid van voorzieningen en mogelijkheden binnen de gewenste toekomstige dichtheden werden onderzocht, gebruikmakend van de lessen die waren getrokken uit het onderzoek uit Melbourne.

Melbourne

“Those that score best tend to be mid-sized cities in wealthier countries with a relatively low population density. These can foster a range of recreational activities without leading to high crime levels or overburdened infrastructure.� The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2016

10

In 2015 is door de City of Melbourne een onderzoek uitgevoerd, de Local Liveablility Study, dat kan worden gezien als een voortzetting van het werk dat Jan Gehl voor Melbourne heeft gedaan. De stedelijke structuur van twee locaties, de CBD en Fishermans Bend, werd bestudeerd aan de hand van analyses van blokgrootte, kruispunten en percelen. Hiermee laat de Local Liveablility Study een manier zien waarop de stad op verschillende schaalniveaus kan worden ontleed. Ook op de schaal van de woonwijk is dit een geschikte manier van analyseren.

Opportunistic Urbanism

David Morrison van de City of Melbourne leidde de presentatie over leefbaarheid in de stad, waarbij hij zich focuste op de steden Melbourne en Geelong. Recentelijke problematiek als stedelijke wildgroei en de afhankelijkheid van de auto werden behandeld.

Ook het belang van dichtheid bij het laten functioneren van voorzieningen als buurtcentra, de horeca en musea werd toegelicht. Verder werd het belang van het vergelijken van onderzoek en eigen ervaring aangekaart; in hoeverre kunnen statistieken op het gebied van leefbaarheid misleidend zijn?

Opportunistic Urbanism 11 MSD Studio + Thesis

POLDER CITY TO COEXISTENCE Workshop, Understanding the Dutch approach to Water Simon Van Wijen 10/8/17 Simon Van Wijnen, an affiliate Urban Designer of the City of Melbourne, led a presentation covering the existence and emergence of the polders in Netherlands. The polder typology primarily emerged from with the need to create agricultural land, backed by a wide understanding of the rules of water management and a technological resolve prevalent in the Netherlands.

The construction of dikes serve as the first layer of protection for these polder regions as they become vulnerable due to the settlement and subsidence against flooding. Following this, Simon explained the tiers of summer and winter dikes. Winter dikes are built to keep water out of agricultural lands and the summer dike is the alternate mode of defence, as water levels run lower than usual and expose additional fields of land. This coexisting dynamism with water emerged over decades to create the spatial layout of the Netherlands, strongly coherent with the rules of water.

Following these examples, a design workshop was conducted to analyse and propose macro and micro interventions in the selected four sites of Rotterdam and Dordrecht. The interventions were based on a graphic and research based analysis of the various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which the existing water management system imposes upon the neighbourhood. Each group was given a brief to increase density for the unique conditions of each site, and community amenity to be loaded onto the existing infrastructure. With developed rationale, students started the initial stages of design on building typologies which evolved by characteristics of the site.

Om dit mogelijk te maken moesten dijken worden aangelegd, om te voorkomen dat deze poldergebieden weer onder water kwamen te staan en om bebouwde gebieden te beschermen tegen overstromingen. Simon heeft daarnaast het systeem van winter- en zomerdijken toegelicht. De winterdijken houden voorkomen dat het water de landbouwgronden weer onder water zet, terwijl de zomerdijken een alternatieve verdediging bieden mocht het water onder een bepaald peil geraken; in dat geval komen stroken land droog te liggen. Deze dynamiek tussen land en water heeft geleid tot de unieke indeling van het Nederlandse landschap, waarin de wetten van het water duidelijk terug te vinden zijn.

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Vanuit deze theorie werd er in een ontwerpworkshop gekeken naar mogelijke macro- en micro-interventies voor vier geselecteerde gebieden in Rotterdam en Dordrecht. De interventies die volgden uit deze workshop komen voort uit een analyse naar de kansen en gevaren die het huidige watermanagement systeem met zich mee brengt. Elke groep kreeg de opdracht de dichtheid van de locatie te verhogen en nieuwe voorzieningen toe te voegen aan de bestaande infrastructuur, met daarbij de unieke kwaliteiten en eisen van de locatie in het achterhoofd. Zo kregen de studenten de mogelijkheid de opgedane kennis op het gebied van watermanagement te koppelen aan locatie specifieke eigenschappen, met als doel het ontwikkelen van passende typologieĂŤn.

Opportunistic Urbanism

Simon van Wijnen, als stedebouwkundige werkende voor de City of Melbourne, presenteerde over het verschijnsel en de totstandkoming van de polders in Nederland. De polder typologie is voortgekomen uit de grote vraag naar nieuwe grond voor de landbouw en mogelijk gemaakt door de uitgebreide kennis op het gebied van watermanagement. In een land waar onbebouwde grond een schaars goed is, met name in verhouding tot de hoeveelheid oppervlakte water, sprak het voor zich dat er werd gekozen voor een oplossing waarmee water kon worden ingeruild voor meer bouwbare grond.

Opportunistic Urbanism 13 MSD Studio + Thesis

FITZROY INTERFACE Bike Tour 5/08/17 On the first Saturday of August, Andy and Katherine put on their tour guide hats in the form of bicycle helmets, and led the studio group on a bike tour of Melbourne’s inner-city suburbs Fitzroy and Collingwood.

The focus of the tour was on the interfaces of various building types within the street and public context.

Op de eerste zaterdag van Augustus is de studio, onder begeleiding van Andy en Katherine, per fiets op onderzoek uitgegaan in de binnenwijken van Melbourne; Fitzroy en Collingwood. Hierbij lag de focus op de façades en plinten van de verschillende typologieën, in relatie tot de straat en overige publieke ruimten.

The tour looked at successful and unsuccessful residential, retail and commercial interfaces, as well as the interfaces of service elevations and carparks. The examples visited it was made apparent that successful interfaces enhance the streetscape and experience at ground level for both the building user and the public. These often used warm and tactile materials such as timber and brick, opposed to less inviting materials such as aluminium and glass facades.

Tijdens de tocht werd er gekeken naar succesvolle en minder succesvolle plinten van verscheidene typologieën, variërend van woningen, tot winkels en parkeergarages.

Opvallend was om te zien, dat de succesvolle plinten de publieke kwaliteiten van de straat versterkten, voor zowel de gebruiker van het desbetreffende gebouw als voor een passant. Materialen als hout en baksteen gaven deze plinten een warmere uitstraling dan bijvoorbeeld aluminium of glazen façades.

Examining the various building types seen on tour, the studio group produced two sketches of each of the different building types; an observational sketch of the existing interface, and an intervention which shows the potential for transformation.

Naar aanleiding van de onderzochte typologieën die waren gevonden tijdens de tocht, heeft de studio groep een serie aan schetsen geproduceerd. Waaronder een schets van de bestaande plint, en een schets van een ontwerpvoorstel die de mogelijke transformatie weergeeft.

Opportunistic Urbanism

14

Melbourne

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MSD Thesis + Urban Design

Before

After

Zero setback | Harsh materials | Little individuality Timber thresholds | Seating | Resident planters Residential setback without garden Residential setback without garden Before Before

Residential setback without garden

After

After

Residential Residential warehouse warehouse conversion conversion with zerowith setback zero setback Installation Installation of timberof seating timberand seating planter andbox planter to soften box to s from street. from street. interface interface and create and threshold. create threshold.

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+ Semester twee 7

Before

17

MSD Studio + Thesis

4 .

15

Through the bike tour explorations of Fitzroy, specific interfaces were identified as important to street life. The current conditions were sketched and then a modest intervention was suggested as a proposal to improve the conditions. The interfaces chosen are the better ent k uptomidday soak upsun midday and add sun and add examples that&were in the sive lliance. survelliance.

The garden The beds garden bedsfound & dd tactility depth,&tactility visual & visual to amenity to shows area, amenity but this exercise euising service thespaces service beyond. spaces beyond. how even a good design can be improved with small gestures.

MSD Thesis + Urban Design

INTERFACE SKETCHING

4 .

Opportunistic Urbanism

Residential Residential Zero Setback Zero Setback Residential zero setbacks

Bare | Large setback | Raised entry

Before Before

NiceNice terrace withwith largelarge setback frontfront space withwith a a terrace setback space liftedlifted platform to house entrance. platform to house entrance.

After

Multiple functions | Textured threshold | Greenery After After Create varies layerlayer to provide choices for street Create varies to provide choices for street interaction - vegetation box hang outside the fence, interaction - vegetation box hang outside the fence, planted garden withwith stone steps, another addition planted garden stone steps, another addition

Mel

Melb

Contemporary townhouse Contemporary townhouse

Melbourne

5 .

Pocket park

Before

Before

After

Visibility | Flexible seating | Active pavement

After After The cafe has already provided outdoor seating, which Replacement of the small window with a bigger The cafe has already provided outdoor which at present, Replacement of the smallthat window a bigger is good.

However, it isseating, not sufficient and window cafe with customers can sit at, adding in

Before

emester twee

ester twee

Underused | Scant seating | Catching corner

Opportunistic Urbanism

6 .

6 .

The current main height entrance double – triple height (white colour paint, walkway), tiled towards pedestrian walkway), could double – triple (white colour paint, tiled towards pedestrian could or street The current main entrance improvised with softer (wooden) elements as ato half-sheltered walkway to create a smaller intimate entrance be improvised with softerbe (wooden) elements as a half-sheltered walkway create a smaller intimate entrance ide the fence, Mixed use apartment interface thatarea, couldand be with usedthe for addition siting area, and withplants the addition of climbing to soften the glass and concrete for siting of climbing to soften the glassplants and concrete er addition space that could be used space facade. facade. d lifted platform

16

Mixed use apartment interface

After Wooden After detailing | Intimate entrance | Climbers

Opportunistic + Urbanism

Before Generous height entryapartment | Paver detailing Mixed use interface Before Before glazing | Triple After

Opportunistic + Urbanism

MSD Thesis + Urban Design

MSD Thesis + Urban Design

5 .

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Contemporary townhouse

Before

Existing pocke

Activ

Active office interface

7 .

+ Urbanism

Cold e interio

After

Bluestone pavers | Landscaping | No place to pause

Before

Before

Bike parking Bike is introduced parking is introduced to give the to underutilised give the underutilised space purpose space and purpose invite interaction and invite interaction from the street from the street as an entrance. as anGreenery entrance.isGreenery added toisallow added theto allow the occupants occupants inside to still inside connect to still to connect the street to while the street while providing aproviding layer of privacy a layer and of privacy semi-privacy. and semi-privacy.

Before

Before

After

7 .

Underutilised Underutilised space & uninviting space & interface uninviting interface

After

Urbanism

+ Semester twee

Before

2017

17 + Semester twee 2017

MSD Studio + Thesis

Before

Pocket parks

+ Nederland

Cyclist parking | Green threshold | Social space

Pocket parks

Melbourne

After

Underutilised | Utilitarian Pocket| Workplace parks entry

+ Nederland

Before

Melbourne

8 .

8 .

Opportunistic Urbanism

Active office Active interface office interface

Permeable grasscrete | Green pavers | Planter seating

After

After

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KEY FINDINGS

+The + transition from built form to street is critical for how people experience the city, even a thoughtful design is made better with the collaboration of multiple stakeholders.

Opportunistic Urbanism

+Materiality + can strongly impact how pedestrian sexperiences the streetscape.

Opportunistic Urbanism 19 MSD Studio + Thesis

MELBOURNE ANALYSIS This analysis of Melbourne suburbs documents the use, typology and connectivity of select areas, showing their character and quality of life. Through this, an understanding of modes of living become evident. These qualities are examined in order to learn what contributes to a positive or negative living environment and how we can expand these qualities.

1.C O LL IN GW O O D

2.DOC

KLAND

S

3 .S O U T H

DA 4 .S T K I L

YA R R A

C

L L O

O W OD G N I

ad o l : GENTRIFICATION

in

9 g..8

%

Opportunistic Urbanism 23 MSD Studio + Thesis

Collingwood is home to popular retail districts, trendy restaurants and bars, and a diverse population. While much of the area is heavily gentrified with expensive warehouse apartments, there is also a large amount of social housing which is all together on a large swath of land. The average residents are single young professionals between 20 to 30 years old who take advantage of the busy nightlife, however at the same time it is a culturally diverse area which attracts residents and visitors from all over the world.

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3.0 km 13 min 3.5 km 20 min 3.0 km 11 min 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

3.7 km 20 min

MSD Studio + Thesis 25 Opportunistic Urbanism

11.5%

NEW ZELAND

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

6.9%

C HI NA E T HI O PI A

OTH ER

51.9%

Housing Tenure

Weekly Personal Income

59 % 56 %

€949/week

14 % 14 %

2011

Housing Type

2016

Household Type

Single house 13.5 % Townhouse 17.1% Apartment 67.8% Data resource: www.abs.gov.au/census

24%

21%

Cou pl es wi t hou t c hi l dren

Cou pl e s w i t h o u t c h i l d re n

31%

12 % G rou p hou sehol d

Lone person

2016

31%

13 % G rou p hou sehol d

Lo n e p e r s o n

2011

Opportunistic Urbanism

RENT

26

$1403/week

26% 28 %

OWNED

OTHER

UNITED KINGDOM

51.9%

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VI E T NAM AUS T R ALI A

Melbourne

18.1%

+ 6 5

4 5 - 6 5

11.6%

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

Age Profile

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL INDUSTRIAL OFFICE

MSD Studio + Thesis

27

EDUCATION/LEISURE

Collingwood is a mix of office, residential, retail and industry. The area’s industrial history is retained through the many warehouse buildings in the area. While some industrial buildings have been re-purposed, the unconverted warehouses have a hostile street interface with wire mesh, steel garage doors and little activity or permeability.

+ South Holland Melbourne 28 Opportunistic Urbanism

The selected region shows a mix of housing typology in more detail, ranging from Victorian worker’s terrace cottages to newer apartment development.

Victorian houses can be seen nestling between industrial buildings, reflecting the industrial history and its workers in Collingwood.

MSD Studio + Thesis 29 Opportunistic Urbanism

CONVERTED WAREHOUSES

ROW HOUSES

Melbourne

+ South Holland

MID-RISE APARTMENT BLOCK

30

8

3

6

4

7

7 2

6 6

2

5

6 4

5

2 3

4

2 2

3

2

1

9

0

2

5

10m

1. Entrance

2. Bedroom

3. Bathroom

4.Kitchen

5. Dining

6. Living

7. Balcony

8. Courtyard

9. Verandah

Opportunistic Urbanism

3

1

Opportunistic Urbanism

KEY FINDINGS ++Collingwood is an ex-industrial suburb located close to Melbourne’s CBD. Strong transportation networks service the suburb, with emphasis on tram, train and bicycle lanes.

++Residents tend to live in medium density, multi-family dwellings, although typical Victorian ‘workers cottages’

31

make up the majority of housing stock.

++Collingwood features a permeable fine urban grain with a high number of amenity and retail functions in the area particularly along the Smith Street commercial corridor.

++New development in the area tends to be residential to meet the high demand. These range from warehouse conversions of large heritage factory buildings to new MSD Studio + Thesis

medium scale developments with strong focus on facade and complimentary materiality to existing building stock.

++

DEVELOPED,

M COM

U Y NIT

P D EN

I Opportunistic Urbanism

32

D

O K C Melbourne

+ South Holland

DS N A L

… G N

Opportunistic Urbanism 33 MSD Studio + Thesis

Docklands is situated centrally in Melbourne, adjacent to the CBD. Originally a swampland and then docks, Docklands is now the product of an ongoing urban renewal project.

The area’s rapid growth is reflected in the number of residents, growing from 700 to 2000 in between the years 2011 and 2016. The predominant building typology is high-rise commercial and residential buildings built since the early 2000s. The local street activity appears to mostly come from the business workers of the many commercial buildings in the area, and while there is a lot of potential for the development of a local activity and a local community, it is still in the early stages of development compared to the richness of some other parts of Melbourne.

+ South Holland Melbourne 34

2.2 km 19 min Connect to freeway 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

2.2 km 11 min

MSD Studio + Thesis 35 Opportunistic Urbanism

7. 5%

+ South Holland

CH INA

AUSTRALIA 23 %

4.3%

Melbourne

15%

+ 6 5

4 5 - 6 5

24.2%

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

Age Profile

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

NEW ZELAND KOREA MALAYSIA

OTH ER IN DIA

49%

Housing Tenure

Weekly Personal Income 28% 31.4%

OTHER

68.5 % 66.7% 3.5% 1%

2011

Housing Type Single house 0% Townhouse 1.3% Apartment 97.8%

€557/week

2016

Household Type 58.3%

54.7% Famil y H o useho l d s

Fam ily Hou s eholds

27.6%

17.7% Gro up ho useho l d

Lo ne perso n

2016 Data resource: www.abs.gov.au/census

36

$826/week

RENT

33.1%

8.6% Gro up ho useho l d

Lone pers on

2011

Opportunistic Urbanism

OWNED

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL INDUSTRIAL OFFICE EDUCATION/LEISURE

MSD Studio + Thesis

37

CARPARK

Large plots of high density and high rise buildings, most with podium carparking and retail ground floors. Sites under-construction in the area are not unusual as Docklands continues as an urban renewal project. Building heights step down to give Victoria Park in the centre access to daylight.

+ South Holland Melbourne 38 Opportunistic Urbanism

Victoria Park acts as a central outdoor space, mainly populated by office workers at lunch time. This pocket of Docklands contrasts to the high-rise feel of the rest of the area and demonstrates how interface detailing, such as public seating, bicycle racks, canopy, playgrounds and road surface changes, can give a human scale and increased amenity to the public experience.

MSD Studio + Thesis 39 Opportunistic Urbanism

COMMERCIAL OFFICE BLOCK

MEDIUM DENSIT Y RESIDENTIAL WITH TOWNHOUSES

40

Melbourne

+ South Holland

APARTMENT TOWER

4

2

1

3

3

6

6

6

6

4

4

7

7

5 2

7

2

5

3/4

7

7

6

5

4 6

8

1

3

7

5 7

1

6

8

8

7

6 6

8

5

0

2

5

10m

1. Entrance

2. Kitchen

3. Living

4.Dining

5. Bathroom

6. Bedroom

7. Closet

8.Balcony

9. Laundry

10. Basement

Opportunistic Urbanism

4

Opportunistic Urbanism

KEY FINDINGS +Docklands + has great connectivity to the hub of Melbourne, with the CBD’s road and public transport network running into the area, including good bicycle access. Proximity to freeways means Docklands is also well connected to regional areas and places that have better car connection.

+A + place of ongoing construction, new buildings are continually being erected and often ground floor retail spaces are unoccupied, waiting to be leased.

41

+Rapid + building and local population growth contributes to the lack of community in the area as these community bonds take time to form.

MSD Studio + Thesis

+The + high level of office workers results in most shopping amenities only operating on weekdays, peaking at lunch hour, and leaving the streets of Docklands quiet and seemingly desolate out of these times. Proximity to the city means that many residents instead visit the CBD for local recreation and shopping amenity.

+Amongst + the large commercial buildings and podium car parks, smaller initiatives at a human scale have now taken place to make the area more livable; a well-designed local library has opened and acts as a community hub, a community garden has been introduced, and outdoor community sport courts have opened, inviting office workers and locals to join or form a team.

GR AN

KS DO N PU LD L G N ADIES & YOU

Y A H R RA T U SO

Opportunistic Urbanism 43 MSD Studio + Thesis

This area of South Yarra is a diverse pocket of low to medium rise residential properties that date from the 1930s to contemporary homes. It stands in stark contrast to the high rise towers that dominate the suburb on the other side of the train line. While well connected to the city and local amenities, any car travel is difficult due to narrow streets and lack of parking. There are many options for public transport, walking and cycling, and the Yarra trail runs along the river and connects this site to the city in a safe and fast route. While residents need not rely heavily on cars due to these connections, being one of Melbourne’s wealthier suburbs, the presence of personal cars is still relatively high.

Accessibility is a problem and the steep site results in most buildings requiring large stairs and little parking.

This is likely a contributing factor to the elderly being an underrepresented demographic.

+ South Holland Melbourne 44

3.5 km 15 min 5.0 km 25 min 5.0 km 30 min 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

5.0 km 15 min

MSD Studio + Thesis 45 Opportunistic Urbanism

6.6%

UNITED KINGDOM

AUSTRALIA 73.2%

SOUTH EAST ASIA

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

2. 0%

I ND I A

+ South Holland

( ex Taiwan & SA RS)

Melbourne

15.2%

C H I NA

+ 6 5

4 5 - 6 5

10.6%

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

Age Profile

SOUTH EAST ASIA

65.6%

OTHER

Housing Tenure

$1111/week

27 % 30 %

RENT 12 %

€747/week

7%

2011

Housing Type

2016

Household Type

Single house 5.7 % Townhouse 7.5 % Apartment 74.7%

26%

2 6%

H o use ho lds w i t ho ut c hi ldre n

H ou s e h ol d s wit h ou t c h il d re n

15%

42%

15%

47%

G ro up ho use ho ld

Lo ne pe r so n

G ro up ho use ho ld

Lon e p e rs on

2016 Data resource: http://atlas.id.com.au/stonnington

2011

Opportunistic Urbanism

OTHER

61 % 63 %

46

OWNED

Weekly Personal Income

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL WATER

INDUSTRIAL

OFFICE RESIDENTIAL RETAIL

EDUCATION/LEISURE

INDUSTRIAL OFFICE

MSD Studio + Thesis

47

EDUCATION

This neighbourhood is entirely residential with the exception of a single café in one of the apartment buildings.

+ South Holland Melbourne 48 Opportunistic Urbanism

This region has a good connection to the park and also have a good mix of old and new buildings.

MSD Studio + Thesis 49 Opportunistic Urbanism

1930s APARTMENTS

MODERN APARTMENTS

Melbourne

+ South Holland

1970s APARTMENTS

5 8

2

50

8

3 8

1

4

5

5

3 8

4

2

5

1

5

6

4

7

9

9

6

3 10

0

2

5

10m

1. Kitchen

2. Dining

3. Living

4. Bathroom

5. Bedroom

6. Laundry

7. Toilet

8. Built In Robe

9. Office

10. Terrace

Opportunistic Urbanism

1

Opportunistic Urbanism 51

KEY FINDINGS +South + Yarra as a whole is very diverse, including areas of skyscraper apartments, shopping districts, large school grounds, and heritage neighborhoods. Lawsons Grove was the focus as it has some of the highest housing amenity of the area.

+Lawsons + Grove is well connected to the city and surrounding neighborhoods, but many of the transportation routes start from outside the site. South Yarra station is a main hub for southern train routes.

MSD Studio + Thesis

+While + the road network around this area is extensive, there is little street parking at any time of day leading to this not being a good form of transport for the area.

+Lawsons + Grove represents an outlier in terms of community engagement for the area. Local residents know many of their neighbors and interact regularly at the Lawson Grove Shop. This acts as a community gathering point and social condenser.

|C E ECTIC | DIVERS

Melbourne

+ South Holland

L

52

ECL OU L O

U RF

Opportunistic Urbanism

A D L I .K T S

Opportunistic Urbanism 53 MSD Studio + Thesis

A favoured destination for Melbourne’s elite in the suburb’s early days, St Kilda is now home to a diverse community of more than 17,000 people. The diversity is reflected in its inhabitants, streetscapes and built form.

Theaters, hotels, retail streets, the beach foreshore, and the oldest theme park in Australia, all contribute to its celebratory identity.

+ South Holland Melbourne 54

6.9 km 26 min 6.9 km 28 min 7.2 km 20 min 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

8.1 km 36 min

MSD Studio + Thesis 55 Opportunistic Urbanism

7 .0 %

UNITED KINGDOM NEW ZELAND

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

8. 6%

IN D IA IR E L A N D

+ South Holland

+ 6 5

21.9%

C H IN A

(ex Taiwan & SARS)

AUSTRALIA 50.7%

Melbourne

10 . 5 %

4 5 - 6 5

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

Age Profile

OTHER

52.1%

Housing Tenure

Weekly Personal Income 58 % 60 %

RENT

37 %

€608/week

30 % 5% 10 %

2011

Housing Type

2016

Household Type

Single house 5.6% Townhouse 11.2% Apartment 80.0%

23%

23 %

Co u p l e s wi t h o u t c h i l dre n

Co u p l e s w i th ou t c h i l d ren

10%

40%

11%

42%

G ro u p household

Lo n e p e r s o n

G ro u p household

Lon e pers on

2016 Data resource: www.abs.gov.au/census

2011

Opportunistic Urbanism

OTHER

$903/week

56

OWNED

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL INDUSTRIAL OFFICE

MSD Studio + Thesis

57

EDUCATION/LEISURE

The region shows a major residential neighbourhood surrounding the St Kilda Botanical gardens, with major retail at its western periphery.

+ South Holland Melbourne 58 Opportunistic Urbanism

The selected region shows the connection between the residences and the streetscapes in relation to the garden, as well as showing the interaction between the pedestrian and the vehicular movement in the neighbourhood.

MSD Studio + Thesis 59 Opportunistic Urbanism

SINGLE UNIT HOSUE WITH EXTENSION

EDWARDIAN ST YLED HOUSE

Melbourne

+ South Holland

AR T DECO APARTMENT BLOCK

8

6

10 8

6

7

5

9

5

3 6

4

5

6

7

3 3

3

8

4 11 \ 4

6

3

4 3 1 3

1

2

1 2

0

2

5

10m

1. Entrance

2. Balcony

3. Bedroom

4.Living

5. Dining

6. Bathroom

7. Kitchen

8. Laundry

9. Shed

10. Courtyard

Opportunistic Urbanism

10

60

3

7 2

11

9

Opportunistic Urbanism

KEY FINDINGS +St + Kilda is an inner suburb of Melbourne that is primarily residential and characterised by its popular beach front location. This area is well connected with major arterial roadways and trams, but unlike many other areas has no train routes within its boundaries.

61

+The + streets are designed with measures to curb vehicle speeds in the neighbourhood, creating a more pedestrian friendly streetscape around residential zones. This also limits parking opportunities in the area, encouraging public transport.

+The + main nodes of activity are located along the major roads, creating corridors of retail and public functions.

MSD Studio + Thesis

+St + Kilda has an eclectic mix of housing typologies including Victorian and Edwardian detached homes and townhouses, art deco apartments, and brown brick 1970s apartment blocks. This mix gives the area its character.

+The + area is densely populated with not only residents, but backpackers, visitors from other parts of the city and workers, filling the streets with activity at any time of day.

+ South Holland Melbourne

Melbourne Analysis Key Findings

+While + connectivity times for inner Melbourne areas may be short, carparking tends to be a problem; often limited or very expensive. This can add time to the journey or cause the car to be a less desirable mode of transportation.

62

+These + suburbs are selected for their high quality living amenities, however each site has trade-offs and room for improvement.

+Tram + is usually the best mode of public transport to these inner-city suburbs.

Network lines predominantly connect inwards to the city centre, rather than across the areas, making connection to the city quick, but connection across suburbs more difficult to navigate by public transport.

Opportunistic Urbanism

+Riding + a bike is usually the fastest and easiest mode of transportation to these inner-city areas. However Melbourne has work to do in order to make this a safe option for riders.

Opportunistic Urbanism 63 MSD Studio + Thesis

THE NETHERLANDS ANALYSIS Through the analysis of four key sites in the Netherlands, a regional and metropolitan scale understanding of the connections and liveability of the sites becomes evident. These sites pose great potential for development as well as their own challenges.

+ South Holland 64

de W este n

3 .N o rd o v e

r

4 .S p u ib o u

le v a rd

Opportunistic Urbanism

2.Ou

Melbourne

1.R ot te Li ne

MSD Studio + Thesis 65 Opportunistic Urbanism

+ South Holland Melbourne

PRIVATE PONTOONS & PEDIGREE PADDOCKS...BUT FOR WHOM?

66 Opportunistic Urbanism

RO

TT

E

E

E G D

Opportunistic Urbanism 67 MSD Studio + Thesis

Rotte Edge is located approximately five kilometres north of central Rotterdam.

The area is quiet and predominantly residential, with relatively expensive houses sitting on large plots on the Rotte River and many Vinex-type houses gathered in clusters in a polder. While not far from the centre of Rotterdam, the amount of wide open space, hobby farms, and horses, gives the area a rural feel.

+ South Holland Melbourne 68

5.6 km - 21 mins

Delft: 20 min.

Dordrecht: 29 min 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

35 mins

MSD Studio + Thesis 69 Opportunistic Urbanism

TURKEY

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

8%

24%

M O R O CCO

+ South Holland

OTHER NON-WESTERN

NETHERLANDS 76%

28%

Housing Tenure

Weekly Personal Income 67% 68%

2010

Housing Type

$842/week 2013

Household Type

Single house +Townhouse 89 % Apartment 11%

28%

27%

H o u s eho ld wi th chi ldren

Hou se h ol d with c h i l d re n

53% H o u s eho ld wi tho u t chi ldren Data resource: http://www.cbsinuwbuurt.nl

70

€569/week

33% 32 %

20% 2016

Si ng le H o u s eho ld

53% H o u s eho ld wi tho u t chi ldren

19% 2011

S i n gl e Hou se h ol d

Opportunistic Urbanism

OWNED RENT

S U R I N AM E

Melbourne

30%

W E S T E R N I M M I GR A N TS

+ 6 5

4 5 - 6 5

10%

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

Age Profile

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL INDUSTRIAL OFFICE

MSD Studio + Thesis

71

EDUCATION/LEISURE

Residential area with waterfront houses on large plots by the Rotte, Vinex housing in a polder, lots of open space and large community sport fields.

+ South Holland Melbourne 72 Opportunistic Urbanism

The edge of the Rotte meets the natural landscape of reeds and a quiet residential road which service a small number of quaint houses in a traditional Dutch style sitting on large plots.

TRADITIONAL DUTCH ST YLE

PRE-FABRICATED ROW HOUSES

Opportunistic Urbanism

VILLA

73

1 8 8 5 7

3

2

7

7

5

9

4

2

7 6

6 8

7

5

7

1

3

10

3

6

5

2 5

4

3

7

3 7

1

6

4

2

7

5

5 6

6

6

3

8

MSD Studio + Thesis

5

7 6

6

5

11

0

2

5

10m

1. Entrance

2. Kitchen

3. Living

4.Dining

5. Bathroom

6. Bedroom

7. Closet

8.Balcony

9. Laundry

10. Basement

11.Storage

+ South Holland Melbourne 74

MULTI - CULTI MULTI - FASHIONED MULTI - FACETED Opportunistic Urbanism

O

U

E D

T S E E N W

Opportunistic Urbanism 75 MSD Studio + Thesis

A late 19th century neighbourhood planned as a part of the Delfshaven borough and adjacent to the Nieuwe Maas, Oude Westen, is primarily a residential neighbourhood in the heart of Rotterdam. Flanked by a canal on the east, a tram route connects the central station to major parts of the city. Other arterial roads passing through the site create lateral divisions in an otherwise longitudinally laid neighbourhood. The densely packed Oude Westen is home to a mix of apartments and townhouses.

+ South Holland Melbourne 76

1.5 km 3 min

0.9 km 6 min 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

0.8 km 4 min

MSD Studio + Thesis 77 Opportunistic Urbanism

14%

NETHERLAND ANTILLES AND ARUBA

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

14%

+ South Holland

MO R O CCO

NETHERLAND 28%

Melbourne

26%

+ 6 5

4 5 - 6 5

16%

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

Age Profile

SURINAME WEST ERN IMMIGRANT

30%

OTHE R NO N-W E S TE N IMMIGR A NT

Housing Tenure

Weekly Personal Income

15 % 16 % 80 % 82 %

2010

Housing Type Single house + Townhouse 41 % Apartment 59%

$504/week

2013

Household Type 28%

28%

Household with c h i l d re n

Household with c h i l d re n

55%

18% Household without c h i l d re n

Data resource: http://www.cbsinuwbuurt.nl

78

€338/week

RENT

2016

Single Household

54%

1 7% Household without c h i l d re n

2011

Single Household

Opportunistic Urbanism

OWNED

TURKE Y

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL INDUSTRIAL OFFICE

MSD Studio + Thesis

79

EDUCATION/LEISURE

The region comprises of a majority postwar residential buildings, spread across the neighbourhood, with retail along its peripheral main roads.

+ South Holland Melbourne 80 Opportunistic Urbanism

The selected region shows the connections between the hierarchical layout of the main and internal street, and their interface with the retail frontage and residences.

Opportunistic Urbanism

TOWNHOUSE

81

VINEX APARTMENT

2

2 5

3

3

7

5

8

4

8

6

6

7

3

6

6 1

1

3

4

MSD Studio + Thesis

2

0

2

5

10m

1. Entrance

2. Balcony

3. Bedroom

4.Living

5. Dining

6. Bathroom

7. Kitchen

8.;Laundry

Opportunistic Urbanism

IND

O N

USTRY

82

LIFE R E V & RI

S

Melbourne

E O VER D R

+ South Holland

Opportunistic Urbanism 83 MSD Studio + Thesis

This site north of Dordrecht is a commercial and industrial hub connecting commuters to the larger cities of Rotterdam and Dordrecht. Due to easy access to other cities through river ferries, this region is more a suburb to the larger cities of the Randstad than a city in itself. The site shows more potential than current conditions for housing, but the amount of open space and connectivity proves that while water is a threat, housing could flourish here.

+ South Holland Melbourne 84 15 mins - 9 kms

22 mins - 5.6 kms 31 mins 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

35 mins - 9 kms

MSD Studio + Thesis 85 Opportunistic Urbanism

22%

+ South Holland

N ETH ER L A N D S 95.0%

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

10%

WES TERN IMMIGR ANTS

Melbourne

21%

+ 6 5

4 5 - 6 5

15%

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

Age Profile

31%

Housing Tenure

Weekly Personal Income

€427/week

78 %

22 % 29%

$635/week 2010

Housing Type

2013

Household Type

Single house +Townhouse 92.0 % Apartment 8.0 %

Data resource: http://www.cbsinuwbuurt.nl

38%

44%

H ous e hol d c hil dre n

Ho u se h o ld w i th c h i ld re n

24%

38%

30%

27%

H ous e hol d wit hout c hil dre n

Sing l e H ous e hol d

H ous e hol d wit hout c hil dre n

S i n gle H o u se h o ld

2016

2011

Opportunistic Urbanism

RENT

63%

86

OWNED

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL INDUSTRIAL OFFICE

MSD Studio + Thesis

87

EDUCATION/LEISURE

This neighbourhood is entirely commercial and is in very close proximity to the ferry terminal.

+ South Holland Melbourne 88 Opportunistic Urbanism

This site has good regional connectivity and is a strong commercial and industrial district. It does provide housing amenity and it has an immense potential for diversity.

MSD Studio + Thesis 89 Opportunistic Urbanism

COMMERCIAL WAREHOUSE

EN RNISM FOR R T

90

ODE

Melbourne

+ South Holland

HT

Opportunistic Urbanism

S I U P M

D R REC O D

Opportunistic Urbanism 91 MSD Studio + Thesis

Spuiboulevard is located in the new Binnenstad of Dordrecht, the oldest city in Netherlands. Separated from the old Binnenstad by a canal, it is mostly populated by mid-century office buildings, a large concrete plaza, and parking structures. Most of the modernist office buildings are vacant due to relocation of government offices.

The Spuiboulevard is in need of urban rejuvenation that can match the more human scale and historical vibe of the Historiche Binnenstad that was once home to a bustling port connected to Rotterdam.

+ South Holland Melbourne 92

Rotterdam: 60 min Rotterdam: 21 min.

Antwerp: 57 min 0

500

1000

2000

m

Opportunistic Urbanism

Rotterdam: 21 min.

Antwerp: 60 min Rotterdam: 76 min

MSD Studio + Thesis 93 Opportunistic Urbanism

27%

9.0%

N L AN T I L L E S & AR U B A

+ 6 5

4 5 - 6 5

14.6%

2 5 - 4 5

1 5 - 2 5

0 - 1 5

MO R O CCO

NON-WESTERN

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN

16%

WESTERN

+ South Holland

TURKEY

Melbourne

S U R I N AME

Age Profile

OTHER NON-WESTERN

33%

T HE N E T HE RL AN D S 57%

Housing Tenure

Weekly Personal Income

55 % 52 %

RENT

2010

Housing Type

$710/week

2013

Household Type

Single house +Townhouse 41 % Apartment 59% 22%

25%

2 3%

Hou s e h ol d w i t h ou t c h i l d re n

H ouseh old wi th out c hi ld ren

53%

Hou s e h ol d Lon e p e rs on with c h i l d re n 2 0 1 6 Data resource: http://www.cbsinuwbuurt.nl

94

€480/week

44 % 47 %

23%

54%

Hou s e h ol d Si n gle with c h i l d re n 2 0 1 1 Househ old

Opportunistic Urbanism

OWNED

Opportunistic Urbanism

WATER RESIDENTIAL RETAIL INDUSTRIAL OFFICE

MSD Studio + Thesis

95

EDUCATION/LEISURE

The site has a good threshold of playgrounds and green spaces in a neighbourhood of residential blocks and busy roads. The private backyards have a good sense of privacy at the same time maintaining a friendly public interface.

+ South Holland Melbourne 96 Opportunistic Urbanism

The site has an interesting placement of housing towards the street. They have also integrated car and bicycle parking, change in materials for the pedestrian and lesser physical barriers between the residential block and pedestrians.

MID-RISE APARTMENT BLOCK

ROW HOUSES

97

Opportunistic Urbanism

TOWER OFFICE BLOCK

1 2 3/4

8

7

6

5 6

5

5

7

10

4 6 8

6

6

8 5

8

MSD Studio + Thesis

6

6

2

5

6

6 7

2

3

7

5

7

5

7 7

1 7

1

12

8

0

2

5

10m

1. Entrance

2. Kitchen

3. Living

4.Dining

5. Bathroom

6. Bedroom

7. Closet

8.Balcony

9. Hall

10. Storage

11.Terrrace

12.Green House

Melbourne Site Area m2

# of Units

Units/Hectare 60 - 2000

100 Albert St. Preston

840

8

95

1 Bedford Street, Collingwood

161

5

310

22 Chestnut street, Cremorne

109

2

105

350 Clarke Street, Northcote

1006

14

139

137 Domain Rd, South Yarra

410

7

170

1 Heller Street, Brunswick

1200

10

83

8 Kavanagh Street, Southbank

1481

157

1060

2 McCracken Ave, Northcote

481

4

83

1 North Street, East Brunswick

258

2

77

22 Peel Street, Collingwood

895

51

566

9-17 Smith Street, Collingwod

1094

36

329

11 St. Georges Rd, Parkville

584

4

68

516-520 Swanston Street, Carlton

552

110

1992

1 Waterloo Street, Carlton

253

5

197

3 Yan Lane, Richmond

173

2

115

98

Address

Opportunistic Urbanism

By compiling a collection of typology studies, lessons learnt from quality housing projects become apparent. The amenity shown in these buildings can be applied to the analysis of sites and opportunities in the Netherlands. These projects have been categorised into small, medium, and large, and have been examined in terms of plot use and dwelling density to show how different forms of infill can affect an area. Inspiration has been taken from many cultures which contributes to the rich fabric of residential areas around Melbourne

+ South Holland

HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

Density: 95 dwellings / ha Height: 2 levels Site coverage: 70% Plot Ratio: 1.1:1 Typology: Extra Small,Townhouse

The site is located in inner north Melbourne, in the rapidly gentrifying suburb of Preston.

MSD Studio + Thesis

The site is developed into 3 townhouses. The density was increased to 8 dwellings, a mixture of one, two and three bedrooms. The sizes range from 50m2 to 90m2. The architectural massing is not overwhelming considering its high density.

Simple elements of bricks, weatherboards, pitched roofs and paling fences are employed in innovative ways to respond to the suburban context.

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Density: 8 units, 1 unit: 50-90 sq.m Height: 2 levels, approx 7 m Dwellings per hectare : 95 Site coverage : 70% Typology: Extra Small, Town house

Ground Floor

First Floor

Parking Indoor residential

Opportunistic + Urbanism

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Melbourne

+ Netherland

Opportunistic Urbanism

100 Albert Street, Preston DKO

+ South Holland

1 Bedford Street,Collingwood DKO

Melbourne

Density: 322.5 dwellings / ha Height: 5 levels Site Coverage: 100% Plot Ratio: 1:5 Typology: Small, Townhouse, Residential

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bedford st st bedford

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Opportunistic Urbanism

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The building form and roofline is sensitive to the context of the street and the project’s materiality reflects the palette and history of the area.

Industrial materials have been used such as Corten steel cladding, masonry block foundations and structural steel beams.

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The project comprises of five townhouses inspired by Amsterdam loft dwellings and small Japanese living.

The vertical residences are each split over five levels, with separate programs on each floor.

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Opportunistic Urbanism 101 MSD Studio + Thesis

22 Chestnut St, Cremorne NIXON TULLOCH FORTEY Density: 83 dwellings / ha Height: 3 levels Site coverage: 55% Plot Ratio: 1.61:1 Typology: Small, Townhouse

Contemporary urban townhouses, developed within a sensitive heritage context without compromising resident amenity. Cremorne’s evolving character provides possibilities for exploring new forms of interaction between urban dwellings and heritage surrounds.

The built form is deliberately simple and unadorned so as not to visually compete with the surrounding decorative heritage dwellings.

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1.Entry 2.Kitchen 3.Living 4.Garage 5.Laundry 6.Bedroom 7.Bathroom 8.Study

+ South Holland

350 Clarke St, NorthCote KALEX & BREATHE ARCHITECTURE

Melbourne

Density: 139 dwellings / ha Height: 3 levels Site Coverage: 83.3% Plot Ratio: 2.33 : 1 Typology: Small, Townhouse

Natural and detailing finishes are used on ground level, creating a humane interface with the street.

Ground Floor

First Floor

Second Floor

Opportunistic Urbanism

By breaking into smaller volumes and creating greater setbacks for the top floor, the building becomes less intimidating in its low-density neighborhood.

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350 Clarke St. comprises of 14 houses with individual entrances, which share the same parking space.

DOMAIN RD

137 Domain Road, South Yarra Practice team: David Goss (Project Architect), Roger Randal Marsh (Design Architects) WOOD MARSHWood, ARCHITECTURE Consultant Team: Walbridge & Gilbert (Structural & Civil Consultant), TCL (Landscape AECOM / Density:Consultant), 170 dwellings (Acoustic Consultant), Simpson & Kotzman (Services Height: 3 levels Consultant), Urbis (Planning Consultant), Group II (Building Surveyor)

Site coverage: 95% Plot Ratio: 4:1 Photographer: Peter Bennetts Typology: Apartment

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DOMAIN RD

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1:200 BASEMENT AND GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Photographer: Shannon McGrath

The Bravo development successfully provides a diverse mix of apartment types. Ground level apartments with dual key entry provide texture at street level offering flexibility and adaptability, while upper

CAR PARK

BIKE STORAGE ENTRY

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17. STUDY 18. WALK IN ROBE 19. POOL 20. SPA 21. CAR PARK 22. BIKE STORAGE 23. ENTRY 24. LOBBY 25. SKYLIGHT BEDROOM

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The façade is partially treated Bravo | Hayball with glazed glass panels to 8 reflect the botanical gardens on the northern side of the site.

Each unit has its own skylight illuminating onto the living and kitchen area. Car parking is 0 2m 4m 6m 8m located in the basement. The entire residential apartment is elevated 500mm above ground to capture garden views. The lift and service core are exposed to the environment.

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Builder: Schiavello

This is a highly refined apartment in one of Melbourne’s most affluent 22 suburbs.

COMMENDATION

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MSD Studio + Thesis

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MILLSWYN RD

Opportunistic Urbanism

While priority is given to the primary residence in this complex, the inclusion of three quality dwellings on A B the ground floor is not an insignificant contribution to medium density housing in this city.

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The ten dwellings are purposefully ambiguous in thier separation between private front terrace and the parkland, paying homage to the local area’s heritage (in which predominantly Greek and Italian migrant families have for generations socialised and interacted with the street from their front porches).

+ South Holland 104

First Floor

Ground Floor

Lower Ground

Opportunistic Urbanism

Heller Street is a residential project that formed a closedknit community. This northfacing strip of terracehouses is situated on a former rubbish tip, remediated into a communal park.

Density: 10 dwellings / ha Height: 2 levels Site Coverage: 80% Plot Ratio: 2.2 : 1 Typology: Medium-density, Terrace house

Melbourne

1 Heller St, Brunswick SIX DEGREES ARCHITECTS

Opportunistic Urbanism 105 MSD Studio + Thesis

8 Kavanagh Street, Southbank CARR DESIGN + NETTLETON TRIBE Density: 1960 dwellings / ha Height: 29 levels Site coverage: 100% Plot Ratio: 25:1 Typology: Extra Large Apartments & Commercial

Triptych tower a 29 storey mix of commercial and residential in Southbank’s Art Area.

The building is divided into separate three-storey vertical ‘villages’, creating atrium spaces where residents interact. The busy street gives way to clusters of several homes, giving human scale to high-density living.

Its sustainable agenda incorporated “CoGen” electricity generation to support common-area power and heating needs.

Apartment A (2 bed)

Apartment B (2 bed)

Apartment C (4 bed)

+ South Holland

2 McCracken Avenue, Northcote SIX DEGREES

Melbourne

Density: 83 dwellings / ha Height: 3 levels Site coverage: 55% Plot Ratio: 1.61:1 Typology: Small, Townhouse

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A good attempt to add some density to a suburban location.

The material palette used is economical but good compositional strategies have created a pleasant facade.

Second Floor

First Floor

Ground Floor

Opportunistic Urbanism

The dwellings appear well laid out with a generous and well designed public/private interface on McCraken Avenue.

Opportunistic Urbanism

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1. Porch 1. Porch 2. Entrance 2. Entrance 3. Living/Dining 3. Living/Dining 4. Kitchen 4. Kitchen 5. Deck 5. Deck 6. Bathroom 6. Bathroom 7. Bedroom 7. Bedroom 8. Laundr 8. Laundr y y 9. Roof 9. Terrace Roof Terrace 10. Garrage 10. Garrage

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1 North Street, Brunswick HIP V. HYPE

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Density: 77 dwellings / ha 2 6 6 Height: 2 levels Site Coverage: 67% 1 Plot Ratio: 0.9 : 1 Typology: Extra Small, Townhouse 1st level 1st level

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This design was to increase density without losing liveability, achievedGroundby level focusing on the efficient use site, user-centric design generation, affordability and integration with the street.

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Density: Density: 2 units, 2 units, 1 unit 1 unit 114m, 114m, 77 Dwelling 77 Dwelling per per Hectare Hectare Height: Height: 2 levels, 2 levels, approx approx 7m 7m Site Site coverage: coverage: 67%67% PlotPlot Ratio: Ratio: 0.9: 0.9: 1 1 Typology: Typology: Extra Extra Small, Small, Town Town house house

Indoor Indoor residential residential 4

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3. Living/Dining The solution was achieved 4. Kitchen through a flexible open5.6. Deck plan, Bathroom 7. Bedroom simple yet elegant use of 8. Laundr y 9. Roof Terrace materiality and layering of 10. Garrage transition space from private to public realm.

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MSD Studio + Thesis

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+ South Holland

22 Peel Street, Fitzroy JACKSON CLEMENTS BURROWS

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Ground Floor

Fouth Floor

Opportunistic Urbanism

This building ties into its environment by mimicking materials and heights of surrounding buildings. The form appears to be broken into 3 buildings through the eclectic use of materiality and height variation. This provides the street interface with higher diversity. By using outdoor corridors, passive ventilation reduces energy and climate contol demands.

Melbourne

Density: 566 dwellings / ha Height: 6 levels Site coverage: 89% Plot Ratio: 5:1 Typology: Medium, Apartment block, Mixed use

Opportunistic Urbanism 109

9-17 Smith Street, Fitzroy MAA ARCHITECT Density: 429 dwellings / ha Height: 5 levels Site Coverage: 98% Plot Ratio: 4:1 Typolog: Medium Apartment Block Mixed Use

This project aims to link the busy Smith Street to the more densely populated areas to the east.

The two buildings are separated by a courtyard and light well, with two frontages that respond to their context.

MSD Studio + Thesis

Second Floor

The major street uses a large singular wall to reference the faรงades of the Victorian warehouses and provides a screen to the apartments behind.

The minor street is made of four faรงade elements, providing individual points of address referencing double-storey Victorian terraces.

Upper Ground

Lower Ground

+ South Holland

11 St Georges Grove, Parkville FIELDWORK

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Second Floor

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1.Entry Deck 2.Kitchen 3.Living 4.Dining 5.Garage 6.Bedroom 7.Bathroom 8.Study 9.Laundry

Opportunistic Urbanism

The exterior of this project transitions from residential street to public park by reflecting the height and colour of the adjacent eucalyptus trees. To prioritise privacy and soundproofing over access to northern sunlight, each of the four apartments have high balconies that avoid the nearby rail line and overlook the park. Semi-detached stairwells/entrances make use of high ceilings and natural light, making the interiors seem inviting and spacious.

Melbourne

Density: 68 dwellings / ha Height: 3 levels Site coverage: 66% Plot Ratio: 1.7 :1 Typology: Small, Townhouse

Opportunistic Urbanism 111 MSD Studio + Thesis

516-520 Swanston Street, Carlton JACKSON CLEMENTS BURROWS Density: 1992 dwellings / ha Height: 17 levels Site Coverage: 90.6% Plot Ratio: 12:1 Typology: Large, Apartment

Upper House has communal space amenity at the core of its design principles. The podium, a solid form of natural concrete, is considered through composition and program.

Eleventh Floor

The ground plane is activated with retail, while level eleven is a communal space and breaks the built form, enabling the upper section to appear as a separate floating cloudlike mass.

2nd - 10th Floor

Second Floor

Rooftop Terrace

The renovated textile factory and floating residential extension match with the materiality of the historical building, and provide 5 households.

The retro fittted facade gives residents the opportunity to adjust interior lighting to their preferences.

Ground Floor

First Floor

Density: 1960 dwellings / ha Height: 3 levels Site coverage: 70% Plot Ratio: 2.5:1 Typology: Small, Townhouse

Opportunistic Urbanism

Positioned between Lygon and Swanston Streets the site is well served by public transport, cultural, culinary and retail offerings, all within walking distance.

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Melbourne

+ South Holland

1-3 Waterloo, Carlton DKO

Opportunistic Urbanism 113 MSD Studio + Thesis

Yan Lane, Richmond JUSTIN MALIA Density: 220 dwellings / ha Height: 3 levels Site coverage: 63% Plot Ratio: 1.65:1 Typology: Townhouses

This building sits behind the main street in a narrow alleyway, creating an intimate spatial character of its own. The three floors utilise gradients of intimacy through smart use of screens for various programmes in the house.

The building is expressed thorugh honest materials, structural elements and a functional facade.

Most importantly, the building succeeds into activating a laneway with a habitable room on the ground level.

Second Floor

First Floor

Ground Floor

+ South Holland Melbourne 114

KEY FINDINGS

+Different + housing typologies contribute to the diversity of an area.

Melbourne is richer for having a such a diverse offering of housing types which cater to any lifestyle.

+Materiality + and form references to a local area’s character or history can contribute to the diverse and rich fabric of residential areas around Melbourne.

Opportunistic Urbanism

+The + development model of the building directly influences the public and private amenity on offer. Where the money comes from matters to the outcome.

Opportunistic Urbanism

RESOURCES AND LITERATURE Metropolitan Competitiveness LSE Cities (2011) The tale of two regions: comparison between the metropolitan areas of South East England and the Randstad in Holland. Pages 3-30 Monocle Liveable City and Quality of Life Surveys: Top 25 Cities 2016, monocle.com/film/affairs/top-25-cities-2016/ Most Liveable City 2016, monocle.com/film/affairs/most-liveable-city-2016-tokyo/ Quality of Life Survey, monocle.com/film/affairs/quality-of-life-survey-top-25-cities-2017/ Creative Workers Ted X Chiang Mai – Amari Charoenphan Co-Working can Change the World, www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0RSc9mtZp4 Ted X Chiang Mai Woodland, M. (2017) What happens when the Prairie Dogs Abandon their Cubicles?

Failed Architecture Colonising the Street – How Green points Retail Newcomers Market Authenticity www.failedarchitecture.com/colonising-the-street-howgreenpoints-retail-newcomers-market-authenticity/

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Demographic Trends MADA (2015) Age Friendly Cities and Neighbourhoods. An ARC Linkage Project Widdicombe, L. (2016). Happy Together – The Rise of the Co Living Start-up www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/16/the-rise-of-the-co-living-startup Control vs Flexibility Lehnerer, A. (2009). Grand urban rules. 010 Publishers. (Chapter 1 Rules as Tools, A token of affection) Hodyl, L. (2015). To investigate Planning Policies that deliver positive Social Outcomes in hyper-dense, high-rise residential environments Urhan Urban Design (2010). The Spontaneous City. BIS Publishers. (Manifesto for a spontaneous city) User Led Development Parvin, A (2015) An Open Manifesto for Housing https://medium.com/@ AlastairParvin/an-open-manifesto-for-housing-a56cf4eed2a1 Parvin, A (2016) A Right to Regenerate, https://medium.com/@AlastairParvin/a-rightto-regenerate-f93969d84c8d Neue Hamburger Terrassen LAN Architecture. https://vimeo.com/105240214 Ritterstrasse 50, Heide and Von Beckerath Architecture - R50 Berlin video https://vimeo.com/87466748

MSD Studio + Thesis

Living with Water Hooimeijer, F. (2014). The Making of Polder Cities. A Fine Dutch Tradition. Jap Sam Books. (Chapter 1 & 2) MUST, Witteveen Bos. (2013) Water Resistant Westpoort. Pilot Study of Critical Functions in the Port of Amsterdam Gemente Amsterdam (2013) Amsterdam Rainproof www.rainproof.nl Urban experience Gehl, J (1977) The Interface between Public and Private Territories in Residential Areas. (Initial Chapter) Stipo - The City at Eye Level Short Film Series

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n, o so u o s! y m e ssu Se o P

As this research transitions into the next stage, the lessons learnt here will form the responses to the chosen sites in the Netherlands. The site analysis will grow richer as it is explored and observed in person. This experience will make the thesis proposals more focused and site specific.

While the issues being addressed in individual theses cover a broad range of topics, the question of how to address increasing density while maintaining a high quality of life is the core priority to them all.

Opportunistic Urbanism

CONCLUSION

In Colllaboration with: