orphan im a complete orphan chief expropriator a shaggy thief black thieves the stopper godfathers suit enemy of drunkenness hooliganism
thievery exiles
godlessness jails hunger boorishness ignorance poverty humiliation
page 1-66 russian criminal tattoos and body branding page 67- interview
MEANINGS
THIS PAGE SHOWS A NUMBER OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL TATTOOS ALONG W I T H A S H O R T M E A N I N G FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ONE.
TA TTO OS
S
heil hitler heil hitler heil hitler heil hitler heil hitler heil hitler
A
RUSSIAN CRIMINAL
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A
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K
[ TRAITOR OF SATAN
This symbol represents both Anti-Law or lawlessness and it symbolises justice.
lawl essn ess
D E V I L RITUALS
[
D R U G DEALER
This symbol to the left represents the fact that the person is a drug dealer and it is a Russian slang term for the state of euphoric ecstasy that is reached after using drugs.
A TRIANGLE IS Often used to r e p r e s e n t rituals taking place and is used in relation to the d e v i l s u p p o s e d ly c o n t a i n e d .
[
S
A
S
W
This symbol to the right is used to symbolise strength and power and has no real underlaying meaning apart from that.
H
E
[
STRENGTH AND POWER I
L
[
MEANINGS
H
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R
[ sex is a magic zone
E
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[
THIS SYMBOL IS ONE OF THE NINE COMMANDMENTS FROM THE SATANIC BIBLE THIS SPECIFIC SYMBOL REPRESENTS VENGEANCE INSTEAD OF TURNING THE OTHER CHEEK.
L
E
R
c m
r e
i a
m n
i i
n n
a g
l s
This symbol represents compulsion and violence and represents the fact that the wearer will use violent methods in order to get someone to do something.
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c s o v n
o m p u l i o n r i o l e c e
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[
e
THIS SYMBOL IS ONE OF THE NINE COMMANDMENTS FROM THE SATANIC BIBLE THIS SPECIFIC SYMBOL REPRESENTS VENGEANCE INSTEAD OF TURNING THE OTHER CHEEK.
o
satanic command ments
f
h
e
l
l
black [ mag ic a
[
a n a r c h i s m
n
a
r
this symbol above used to mean peace during the 1960’s when the anti war movement took place. the official name of the symbol is the neuronic cross but it is also referred to as the broken cross and it signifies the defeat of Christianity
a
n
a
r
c
h
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m
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[mb laa sc sk [ This symbol is of the black mass which is a ceremony that is said to have been celebrated during the witches’ sabbath.
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r
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l
a
c
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[
m
a
g
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b
antisocial
This symbol would be tattooed onto a convict that is hostile to the legal authorities meaning they refuse to work and does not abide by the prison regime.
I
R E S E N T
T H E
S E N T E N C E
R E S E N T
T H E
This is the symbol for I resent the sentence and it is an acronym for the Russian word for god. It however stands for “I was condemned by the state” and it was a popular tattoo within young convicts in the 160’s and 70’s.
I
R E S E N T
T H E
S E N T E N C E
[
I
S E N T E N C E
I WAS BORN IN PRISON
MY F A T E I S T H E S K Y I N B I G S Q U A R E S
I WAS BORN IN PRISON AN EXECUTIONER WET JOBBER HIT MAN
88 / / / /
I WAS BORN
RED ANGEL
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / IN PRISON
14 14
I CUT LOSE IN THE ZONE F or t he v is ual c om m unic at i on p rojec t, I dec ide d t o bas e t he p rojec t on body branding a nd in part ic ul ar t at t oo’s, s c arif ic at ion and invol unt ary b ody branding. Des p it e hav ing ot he r ideas f or t he proje c t, I f e lt t hey we re we ak in c om paris on s o I de c ide d t o go wit h body branding bec aus e it r el at e s m ore t o t he c urrent i ndus t ry. I f ound t he t opic i nt e re s t ing and t he re was a lot I did not know about t he f ield of b ody branding s o it enabl e d me t o c arry out e xt ens ive re s earch i nt o t he are a.
I WA S B O R N I N P R I S O N
I’M REGISTERED IN THE ZONE
SHAGGY FACE
14 88
but I decided I’d look into alternatives that were used before and instead of tattoo’s for example scarification. I found the topic interesting and there was a lot I did not know about the field of body branding so it enabled me to carry out extensive research into the area. Originally, I just wanted to base the project on tattoo’s alone, From the research into the tattoo industry, it showed that tattoo’s are perceived differently to not only different cultures, but different generations of people as well. It was discovered that older generations had more tribal and geometric designs because at the time they had specific meanings to the people.
/ / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / the diamond
stood pigeon
14
a place man
lemonist robber
I’M REGISTERED IN THE ZONE
I ’ ///////////////////////////////////////// M REGISTERED IN THE ZONE
SHAGGY FACE
the godfather’s suit
/ / / /
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// the diamond, stood pigeon Tattooing was a lot less c o m m o n ye a r s a g o s o p e o p l e from older and more upper class backgrounds will often not understand why people have tattoo’s.
a place man //////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////
a place man Tattooing was a lot less c o m m o n ye a r s a g o s o p e o p l e from older and more upper class backgrounds will often not understand why people have tattoo’s.
the diamond, stood pigeon I n a n i n t e r v i e w c a r r i e d o u t, t h e
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /i n/t /e r/v /i e/w/e e/ d/ e/s c/ r/i b/e/d /h /o w/ /h e/ r/ o/l/d / / fashioned Grandmother did not understand her tattoo’s and was o f t e n h e a r d s ay i n g t h e y w e r e a c u r s e and that she would get nowhere in life both work-wise and relationship wise because of her tattoo’s. In recent times, tattoo’s have become i n c r e a s i n g ly p o p u l a r m e a n i n g p e o p l e do not get discriminated against as much because they are seen as the norm. This just shows the point that people from different generations, e s p e c i a l ly m u c h o l d e r g e n e r a t i o n s h a v e c o m p l e t e ly d i f f e r e n t o p i n i o n s a n d a s s o m e o n e i n my i n t e r v i e w s a i d , h e stated that older people often looked at him as if he belonged in prison and a w ay f r o m c i v i l i s a t i o n .
authorities
the
ho rn
place man
suit
table honcho
bed boncho hooligans dosses chifir
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drunkenness hunger From research looking into body branding it flagged research into how people are unwillingly branded with letters that have specific meanings for example the Nazi’s branded the Jews with the word Jew. Research found that it is wrong to brand people in this way because people are all being categorized as something instead of being recognised as a person. Dead bodies of Jews were always being discovered spread out across the streets and it might ’ve been difficult to identify who the person was but branding them with just a simple word is disrespectful is so many respects.
thievery
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As well as this type of involuntary branding, within Nazi concentration camps, there were badges in use at the time that were sewn onto the clothing and meant a number of different things such as they are trustworthy enough to work, to not be allowed outside the camp and to represent the fact the person was a criminal.
I’M REGISTERED IN THE ZONE ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
“
I
’
M
Slaves are branded using the words “tax paid” to show they were important and that they are to be used as slaves. They are branded with either a hot or very cold branding iron so that the words will eventually scar and are not able to be removed from the persons skin. Not only is very painful to be branded using this procedure, the people are being treated as livestock being branded in this way and it is not fair to treat humans the same way as animals are being treated.
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People are also branded using this method to show membership or acceptance into a specific tribe or organization but again its as if they are being treated like livestock instead of humans. Scarification is popular in African countries because tattoo ink does not show up as vibrant on their skin so they use other methods of branding.
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a collector of the abyssinian tax t
h
r
///////////////////////////////////////////////// It is hard to understand the reasons as to why people would want something as permanent as scarification on their skin though because it is not only dangerous but it is not as easily hidden or covered as tattoo designs.
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It is not really a popular type of branding to get done, and it is probably for the obvious reason that it is extremely permanent to the extent that it will never heal over and it will forever scar the skin. If people are to risk it and still opt to get scarification, Before people carry out this procedure, they need to be sure about the design they are getting on their skin because they do not have the option to hide it or get rid of it in the future if they no longer want it. People in different cultures will get scarification just the same as people in our culture would get a tattoo but it can have bad consequences for example hygiene reasons as well as the fact you cannot get rid of it in the future if you so wish to. The only way to get rid of scarification is by having a surgical skin graft which will leave a completely different type of scar which just proves having scarification is not a sensible thing to have done if you are likely to not want it there on your skin in the future.
rsfsr Even today, people brand themselves with these same designs to make people aware of their family heritage and to make sure the history is not forgotten about. This type of involuntary branding confuses me as to why criminals would want to be branded out of choice to brag about the crimes they have committed which would only cause them to get looked down on by others that knew what they meant.
horn horn horn
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// leninist leninist leninist leninist leninist leninist cross of clubs the round stone the cormorant rsfsr chief expropriator ////////////////////
I disagree with criminal and gang tattoo’s to represent what that person has done at the time. At the time when they get the tattoo, they almost feel proud of their actions and will only want more so in a way it encourages them to commit more crimes and committing crimes is simply not something people should be proud of in any way. Also after possibly serving a prison sentence, they may eventually feel remorse and would not want to look at their skin as a permanent reminder of what they have done. especially as tattoo’s cannot be fully removed even after laser treatment because they only fade but not go completely.
//cpsu cpsu
cpsu cpsu cpsu cpsu cpsu cpsu cpsu cpsu cpsu cpsu //////////// The meanings of certain crime related tattoo’s are also widely known by people so everyone would be aware of the crime committed although there is often confusion over the meanings of some designs for example the tear-drop tattoo that has a number of different variations all of which mean something different from mourning over the death of a loved one to actually committing the murder themselves.
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cpsu cpsu cpsu
A majority of people however agree with involuntary branding of convicts because they should be made to feel ashamed of their actions and because people surrounding them have a right to know what sort of person they are and what crimes they have committed especially if they are of a violent nature thus seen as a threat or danger to the public.
s h i t o c r a t j e w s shitocrat jews, get out of russia Tattoo meanings change drastically over the years and that other generations are not aware of other meanings for example a swallow was once a prison related tattoo and is now related to fishing. Tattoo’s from people of an older generation often have tattoo’s with important meanings which I think people should still be aware of today for example tattoo’s from the wars that people should know of and simply not forget about. There are also a great deal of meanings that have came from gangs and within the criminal justice system. I researched into prison tattoo’s and ones in relation to crime and I found it quite interesting and allowed me to make use of other knowledge I had prior to this project that I had previously used in other projects. Tattoo’s from gangs are /usually / / / / / /just / / / /simple / / / / /dots, / / / / letters / / / / / / or / / /numbers / / / / / / /that / / / /people / / / / /do /////////////////////////////////////// not generally tend to understand because they only have real meaning to those in the gangs.
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Although tattoo’s sometimes have specific meaning behind the specific use of imagery, they can still mean completely different things to different people. I found it difficult to research and analyse certain tattoo designs because they do mean different things to different people. From looking at meanings behind specific designs, I decided that I would interview people that have a number of different tattoo’s to not only find out their views on them but also the meanings and reasoning behind their tattoos. I would’ve liked to include questions about other types of body branding but the majority of people are not aware of other types of less known types of body branding. Other types of body branding are also very uncommon in this culture and are more common in African cultures. Other types of body branding are also a lot less common and are generally used in different cultures and religions more than anything. Scarification is popular in African countries because tattoo ink does not show up as vibrant on their skin so they use other methods of branding. I personally do not understand the reasons as to why people would want something as permanent as scarification on their skin though because it is not only dangerous but it is not as easily hidden or covered as tattoo designs.
feed me. russia i am your son
zion zion zion zion zion zion
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zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zio
For the questionnaire, a variety of people will be asked including both people who have tattoo’s and also people that dislike them. For the questionnaire, only people that had over 5 tattoo’s were asked their opinion on them and reasoning as to why they got them. People with only one or two tattoo’s were not seen of any real use because they won’t really have any true meaning and the person would’ve only had them done to fit in to the current society and to experience what it is like to have a tattoo. People provided a number of different responses from people wanting to be seen as cool to others wanting to experience the pain of getting a tattoo and wanting to know what it felt like.
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on zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion zion z
The pain of a tattoo is a reason as to why people wanted a tattoo so they could experience the pain that so often people were discussing and then after liking the design they’re almost addicted to wanting more of them. Tattoo’s are so addictive because once a small part of the skin is covered with a piece of art, then it will make the rest of the skin look plain and empty so people feel the need to get more tattoo’s. A variety of people were asked the questions, but the people were mainly of the same age so provided similar responses in some respects for example people did not really like the same style, but they often specifically said they did not like tribal styles
slon slon slon slon slon slon
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s l o n s l o n s l o n
authority recidivist convict thief death
slon slon slon
slon slon slon slon
n s l o n s l o n s l o n s l o n s l o n s l o n s l o n s l o n
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slon slon slon
One person from an older generation that was interviewed has tribal style tattoo’s but they were his older style of tattoo’s which makes me believe tribal tattoo’s are not liked at the current time and are not in style unlike tattoo’s involving just simple typography of names or words that have a specific meaning to the person.
It is also very common in the current time for people to get meaningless tattoo’s whilst on holiday with friends whilst under the influence of alcohol but people seem to like these type of ones because they remind the person of the particular good time and because they will often have a story behind them.
grin grin grin grin grin grin g r i n
grin grin grin
g r i n
g r i n
g r i n
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Also from my questionnaire, it was discovered that people do normally get tattoo’s that have specific meaning to the person, although people do not generally like discussing their reasoning for the tattoo’s because they are personal to the person. Some of the reasons that were discovered were relating to family and friends.
n
g r i n
g r i n
g r i n
g r i n
g r i n
g r i n
g r i n
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / In some circumstances it is in relation to people that have died but other people are unsure as to why people would want a constant reminder of the person’s death unless it was to simply remember them and not to bring back bad memories every-time it is looked at or when they have to explain the reasoning behind it when they get asked.
gulag ussr marxist devils convicts
1926 1926 1926 1926 1926 1926
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For the questionnaire, a variety of people will be asked including both people who have tattoo’s and also people that dislike them. For the questionnaire, only people that had over 5 tattoo’s were asked their opinion on them and reasoning as to why they got them. People with only one or two tattoo’s were not seen of any real use because they won’t really have any true meaning and the person would’ve only had them done to fit in to the current society and to experience what it is like to have a tattoo. People provided a number of different responses from people wanting to be seen as cool to others wanting to experience the pain of getting a tattoo and wanting to know what it felt like. The pain of a tattoo is a reason as to why people wanted a tattoo so they could experience the pain that so often people were discussing and then after liking the design they’re almost addicted to wanting more of them. Tattoo’s are so addictive because once a small part of the skin is covered with a piece of art, then it will make the rest of the skin look plain and empty so people feel the need to get more tattoo’s.
88
////////////////////////////////////////////////// A variety of people were asked the questions, but the people were mainly of the same age so provided similar responses in some respects for example people did not really like the same style, but they often specifically said they did not like tribal styles. One person from an older generation that was interviewed has tribal style tattoo’s but they were his older style of tattoo’s which makes me believe tribal tattoo’s are not liked at the current time and are not in style unlike tattoo’s involving just simple typography of names or words that have a specific meaning to the person. It is also very common in the current time for people to get meaningless tattoo’s whilst on holiday with friends whilst under the influence of alcohol but people seem to like these type of ones because they remind the person of the particular good time and because they will often have a story behind them.
Also from my questionnaire, it was discovered that people do normally get tattoo’s that have specific meaning to the person, although people do not generally like discussing their reasoning for the tattoo’s because they are personal to the person. Some of the reasons that were discovered were relating to family and friends In some circumstances it is in relation to people that have died but other people are unsure as to why people would want a constant reminder of the person’s death unless it was to simply remember them and not to bring back bad memories every-time it is looked at or when they have to explain the reasoning behind it when they get asked. Research and questionnaires also showed that people were so sure they would never regret having tattoo’s and never feel the need to have them removed at a later stage of their life.
fate fate fate fate fate fATE
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I WAS BORN IN PRISON I WAS BORN IN PRISON I WAS BORN IN PRISON
Most commonly, people get a tattoo at a young age meaning they have not really put much thought into it and whilst you are growing up and maturing a persons interests change dramatically. People can also not be sure the meaning will stay the same and if it doesn’t then they cannot be sure they will still like it and not want the design removed. On the other hand the tattoo design will still have the original meaning for the person even though the general meaning within society has changed.
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FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FAT
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I WAS BORN IN PRISON
People often describe their addiction to tattoo’s as telling a story of their life with both highs and lows so it is understandable that people say the tattoo has almost became a part of them and that they are not ashamed of it and that having it removed would be removing a part of them and a memory. People also describe their tattoo’s as a part of them sometimes even giving them confidence so having them removed would almost be like having a part of them removed. Over the years, slaves have also been branded with stamps to signify different things with negative connotations. From the questionnaire, it was obvious that the subject of body branding was too broad and that Russian Criminal tattoo’s would be more interesting because they have a lot more meaning and history behind them. From the research, it shows that there are a lot of Russian criminal tattoo’s, a lot of which are relating to Hitler and the Nazi’s. There are the obvious gang related tattoo’s relating to Hitler such as the numbers 14 and 88, but there are also a number of other symbols that relate to Hitler from simple imagery of the Swastika to complex designs that have more meaning. A very popular tattoo commonly used on Nazi’s and within other prison gangs is the infamous numbers that are 1488. As well as appearing on Nazi’s, it also appears on white supremacists and it can appear in full as 1488 or as 14 or 88 separately. The number 14 is used to represent a quote from the Nazi leader, David Lane that is “we must secure the existence of our people and a future for White Children” and the number 88 is to represent the fact the 8th letter of the alphabet is a h so both of them together represent Heil Hitler. Cats are also a popular design within the Russian criminal tattoo designs and is a very old design. They are in relation to thieves and they also represent the expectations of their victims.
TE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE FATE
questionnaire about tattoo’s
1.what do you consider your influence for your first ever tattoo? First influence was just seeing tattoo’s b e c o m i n g m o r e n o r m a l w i t h s o c i e t y. I n music and tv I thought they were getting a lot more coverage. Plus a lot of friends started getting them. It seemed like tattooing was becoming almost an everyday practise. So I thought it couldn’t be as bad as it had been made out to get tattooed. A l s o j u s t t o f e e l w h a t i t w a s a c t u a l ly f e lt like to be tattooed was a factor. 2.Why after your first did you opt to get more? nn I thought I had a lot of plain skin to fill. After getting the first on my right shoulder I j u s t t h o u g h t I l o o k e d r e a l ly p l a i n . N o w I h a v e m y l e f t a r m n e a r ly f i n i s h e d a n d g o i n g to start my right again soon.
3.Do any of your tattoo’s have specific meanings to you? Yes some do have meanings. Some are just p u r e ly a r t i s t i c p i e c e s . B u t t h e f i r s t o n e I had which is some roses with an old banner w r a p p e d t h r o u g h i t s a y s ‘ y o u o n ly l i v e o n c e ’ ( n o t b e c a u s e o f y o l o ) p u r e ly b e c a u s e I w a n t e d t o s e e w h a t a t a t t o o f e lt l i k e s o thought a saying would be appropriate. Also have ‘sink or swim’ ‘ no retreat no regrets’ and ‘stay lucky’ written on my left arm which are all sayings.
y o u o n ly live once
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4.Have you ever had any errors made in your tattoos? nnnnnnnnhjjjjjkkkkkk I haven’t had any errors, or any that I h a v e n ’ t n o t i c e d y e t. H a v e a f e w a r e a ’ s w h e r e t h e i n k d i d n ’ t s e t t l e i n o r h e a l p r o p e r ly that will need touching up but nothing serious. Do have some pieces coloured d i f f e r e n t ly t o h o w I w a s e x p e c t i n g . B u t the colours used by my tattooist are more traditional and do look better than how I thought they would with different colours. 5.Would you ever get any of your tattoo’s removed? No. At some point I may have them edited so they are a different style or adapt t h e m t o b e i n v o lv e d w i t h a n o t h e r p i e c e b u t never removed.
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lee stafford
questionnaire about tattoo’s
6.Why do you think getting tattoo’s are so addictive? gii The pain of getting one isn’t that bad a n d s o m e p e o p l e I k n o w r e a l ly e n j o y i t. P e r s o n a l ly I j u s t d o n ’ t m i n d i t, n o t t o o painful but I wouldn’t say enjoyable, which c o u l d b e a r e a s o n . E s p e c i a l ly i n m o d e r n times its becoming a way for people to s t a n d o u t a n d b e s e e n a s d i f f e r e n t, t h i s i s q u i t e a b i g r e a s o n , n o t r e a l ly a d d i c t i v e b u t c o u l d b e r e l e v a n t. M a i n ly I ’ d s a y j u s t waiting to see the tattoo finished. When your- arm for example is plain then it’s f i n a l ly f i n i s h e d , j u s t f i l l i n g b l a n k s p a c e
7.have you ever been discriminated against for having a tattoo? N o t r e a l ly. I g e t s o m e f u n n y l o o k s o f f o f o l d p e o p l e o r p e o p l e t h a t a r e p o s h . M a i n ly the time I see anything is when I go to other university up here keele. There its filled w i t h r e a l ly s h e lt e r e d p e o p l e m a i n ly f r o m old posh thinking families. So when I go there its not discrimination id say but I get looked at as if I belong in prison.
i belong in prison
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8.How will you feel about them when mm you’re older? I’m looking forward to being old with tattoos. I intend to get my tattoos touched up every 10-20 years to ensure they look good. If I left what I have for the rest of m y l i f e t h e y w o u l d f a d e h o r r i b ly. W h e n I ’ m old I will have had tattoos for most of my life so they will have been a part of my life. Also I think looking like a crazy old man covered in tattoos will be cool.
will be cool
9.What style of tattoo’s do you like and not like and why? The main styles I like of tattoos are traditional. This would be deep and bright colours on roses, swallows, skulls, ships etc. These pieces do all have meanings and h a v e b e e n c o m m o n ly u s e d f o r a l o n g t i m e . Any well done or good meanings on tattoo’s I like. I don’t like German tribal or stupid s t u f f. S e e n s o m e o n e w i t h p o k e m o n o n t h e i r arms and just stuff like that is not my taste.
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lee stafford
oo
questionnaire about tattoo’s
10.Are you inspired by any famous tattoo designers e.g Kat Von D or Ed Hardy? No not any famous artists. Some different celebrities have given me ideas for mine. Brian fallon from the gaslight anthem gave me the first idea for my left arm, having the sea as a blue background. Saw h i s s l e e v e a n d j u s t r e a l ly l i k e d i t, w a s d i f f e r e n t a n d l o o k e d r e a l ly n i c e .
looked r e a l ly n i c e
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11.Do you ever see someone with more t a t t o o ’ s t h a n y o u a n d i n s t a n t ly w a n t m o r e ? Sometimes, if you have idea’s for what you want to have done. If I have a few ideas for different tattoos that I want done then see someone covered I think I just cant wait to g e t t o h a v i n g t h a t m a n y t a t t o o s m y s e l f. B u t sometimes someone has a lot of tattoos not in any theme or it just doesn’t look good. Sometimes people can over do it or get too m a n y t o o q u i c k s o s o m e t i m e s i t d o e s n ’ t. It was more when I had less tattoos that I would start thinking about seeing more when I saw someone with loads.
12.If you could no longer get tattoo’s by y o u r p r e f e r r e d a r t i s t, w o u l d y o u g e t t h e m from somewhere else? ooo Yeah. If I had to change my artist I would look up different shops online to see which one is the best for the style of t a t t o o I w a n t. I w o u l d n ’ t c h a n g e m y a r t i s t though for any reason unless I had too. But yeah I would find another to get tattoos.
i wouldn’t change
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lee stafford