A Realmwalkers guide to the Symbioscene by Kaustubh Kulkarni / Syl

Research Article HT Theories of Contemporary Architecture 02

A Realmwalkers guide to the Symbioscene Kaustubh Kulkarni 2GBX M.Arch 2 Southern California Institute of Architecture syl_kulkarni@sciarc.edu

Abstract The Anthropocene ended 350 years ago and marked the beginning of a new era. The Symbioscene. Life on the planet Earth is no distant memory but a thriving biosphere, of a planet barely in its adolescence. The article to follow is an exercise in worldbuilding focusing on the concept of zones and algorithms. It follows the story of an Earth where humanity has adopted it in earnest as their critical zone. Utilizing the power of artificial intelligence, the world has undergone an evolution, revising its governance systems, reimagining economic order and restructuring social apparatus. This evolution in the way of life on the planet has resulted in the revivification of the biosphere and brought tangible control over the climate crisis. The world imagined does not attempt to place itself in the genre of hard or soft science fiction but instead is intended as a thought experiment much like the works in the exhibition “Critical Zones” at the ZKM Karlsruhe. Using fiction as a medium, the article attempts to navigate the difficult challenges we face today by imagining a world where we have willingly adopted a drastic and challenging upheaval as imagined by Bruno Latour. The upheaval occurs as a result of the application of agents and algorithms that aid in the restructuring of life on the planet for the sake of preservation. The story takes place over the course of a conversation between an entity known as Sprite. Seemingly an unbiased entity that is providing erudition to our sleeping protagonist, a realmwalker. A realmwalker is the term given in this world to individuals from our century. Cryogenesis, although still in the experimental stage, gave some a chance to see this new age. An age that has come to be known as the Symbioscene. An era of harmony between our two worlds where finally, humans have been able to land on Earth with just some minor turbulence.

Introduction Welcome, Realmwalker. The year is 350 Post Coalescence. By the previous calendar, since you happen to be more familiar with the same, the year is 2280 of the Common Era. As you know, before the Coalescence, we used to refer to our home planet as the Earth. A widely accepted name today is Melora, renamed after the great awakening. You are waking up in a new world now and we are excited for you to join us. Fascinating events have occurred since you chose to undergo cryogenesis in the year 2066 CE and it is my duty to bring you up to speed. As you might be aware, Earth as a planet was steadily deteriorating during the time of your generation. With the steadily declining quality of air and soil, human life along with the lives of various flora and fauna faced a real threat to their existence in the form of climate change. The politics and bureaucracies were further complicating an already tense situation with half-hearted attempts at saving the dying planet. While the governments wrestled with the ideas of disorienting their citizen’s lifestyles and the economics of eco capitalism, mega-corporations focused more on the departure of humanity from the critical zone1 The age of the Anthropocene was expected to end in the death of nature and by extension, the end of humanity as we know it. We have discussed a variety of subjects and a long history over the last few weeks. Today we will cover the events regarding the reason why we refer to the Earth as Melora now. How the climate crisis is being mitigated and the role that artificial intelligence, such as myself, have played in the same.

Latour, B., & Weibel, P. (2020). Critical zones: The science and politics of landing on Earth. MIT Press.

In 2065 C.E life as you knew it did end. Although, historically and possibly cosmologically speaking, endings are as fictitious as the fictions they conclude. You being here now, in this new world means that the conclusion of the Anthropocene was the first chapter of a new age. An era we have come to call the Symbiocene2. I welcome you to this time and place. You are not awake yet but you will be soon and I will forever be by your side. My name is Sprite and I will be your guide and companion as you are born into Melora’s world. Let me take this opportunity, before you awaken, to illuminate this new world and the new age.

The world before The late 21st century of the common era marked the degradation of the Anthropocene. With the climate crisis looming the space race began in earnest for the development of martian and lunar habitats. Soil degradation was pushing humanity towards famine while economic collapse threatened livelihoods. This is not to say that life had come to a standstill. The age you lived in had an inclination towards desensitization. Oversaturation of information and also the lack of credibility in media was a rampantly increasing challenge for the world to contend with. While wars were waged in certain parts of the world life had to carry on in other parts. That was the promise. The continuity of it all. Life would go on as the base tenet upon which modern civilization seemed to stand in the early 21st century. I apologize for the pessimistic outlook I might seem to portray but addressing issues is the first step to solutions. I speak of humanity as a whole when it came to the trials of the time. The climate crisis, the deterioration of trust in your governing bodies and the challenges of the economy at the time were near impossible for an individual to contend with. For the sake of one’s sanity, the illusion was ineffable. The world you lived in was so far removed from the world you lived from to maintain emotional semblance that it is not possible to fault any single individual for the predicament that humanity was being faced with. To push the subject further, this was not simply a challenge faced by humanity but one faced by life itself. To this day we have no concrete evidence of life beyond our planet. The challenge humanity faced was not just self-preservation but the preservation of the only known and proven coordinate in the universe where despite the odds, life had found a way to thrive. The term critical zone coined in the controversial text, Landing on Earth by Bruno Latour was the first step toward the symbiosis we have now achieved with our planet. A critical zone as he described it broke down the cartographical view of the planet Earth. It carried implications from legal and political standpoints about the way humanity considered the Earth. In parts made of collectively imagined boundaries that one could cling to. Another method of segregating the worlds lived in and lived from.3 This is not a story of dystopian endings though. Nor is it to be a utopian fantasy. It is my job to inform you of the history of your new world and the logic behind the same. Although I am biased for my existence itself is a result of decisions made by your predecessors, I will attempt to convey the information required from an impartial perspective. Let us begin reviewing the situation as it stood in the fourth decade of the 21st century and we will follow the timeline to the present, covering the events most significant to our conversation today. To understand the reasons for the end of the Anthropocene.

Albrecht, G. (2015, December 17). Exiting the anthropocene and entering the symbiocene. Psychoterratica. https://glennaalbrecht.wordpress.com/2015/12/17/exiting-the-anthropocene-and-entering-the-symbiocene/ 3

Latour, B., & Weibel, P. (2020). Critical zones: The science and politics of landing on Earth. MIT Press.

Genesis On August 23rd, 2042, two large satellites in the exosphere collided as a result of human error. The resulting debris created a catastrophic chain reaction, plunging the world into a standoff with the Kessler Syndrome, a concern predicted years before the event. With the number of agents in Earth’s orbit, the hypothesis was that a miscalculation could result in exponential devastation across the orbital space. Humans could have potentially ended up trapped on the Earth, bringing the space race to a screeching halt and crushing the hopes seeded by the possibilities of space colonization. Following the satellite crash, space agencies around the world banded together to solve the pressing issues of the cage now forming around the planet. Humanity could not be trapped on the dying planet. The climate crisis, although a highly discussed topic, had also gone beyond the tipping point. With their boat sinking, humanity had to find the means to survive on an incredibly challenging timeline. The world at this time was keenly aware of the dangers of climate change combined with Kessler’s nightmare. This keen awareness of an apocalyptic situation mounting brought together minds from across the planet to liberate the planet from the cage humanity had built around it. Space agencies from across borders came together, backed by governments and mega-corporations such as SpaceX and Blue Origin. Much like the provocative texts written by Bruno Latour where he implies that to survive the climate crisis, we must forget the idea of nations and nationalities; The world's borders melted away in the face of survival. A great collaboration occurred during this time. One that has now come to be known as Genesis. A time when humanity was able to take true action as a united species. As work began, history witnessed the most fascinating story of prison break ever, where the inmates were humanity itself, the prison was the planet and the bars, an unfathomable amount of space debris. Before being called Genesis, this collaboration to discover and implement a solution was referred to as the Kessler Collaborative. The collaborative theorized and calculated a variety of possible routes they might take. As Leonard David observed in his 2021 article for the Scientific American, long before the formation of the Kessler Collaboration, there was no shortage of theories to combat the nightmare scenario. Possible fixes included everything from harpoons and giant foam balls to robotic arms and solar sails.4 The solution presented itself in the texts written by Matteo Pasquinelli. In the Three Thousand Years of Algorithmic Rituals: The Emergence of AI from the Computation of Space. “Today, amidst the expanding capacities of AI, there is a tendency to perceive algorithms as an application or imposition of abstract mathematical ideas upon concrete data.”5 Although Pasquinelli was speaking in an architectural sense in the application of AI, the minds of the collaborative interpreted the texts to suit their needs. A strategy was devised. The greatest minds of our world would focus their attention on creating and training artificial intelligence to fix the problem for us. It was humanly impossible to find a single solution that could achieve the results required in the timeframe required. To create and train an artificial intelligence that is able to think and take action actively and passively, predicting outcomes and utilizing the fastest means to the required results. Three years later, project Dock was completed. Upon her activation, Dock’s calculations of the information and data fed into her were in requirement of a medium of influence. Industry was activated across the globe to produce the drones required for Dock to accomplish her mission. These drones, modeled after the satellites of the ELSA-d (End of Services by Astroscale Demonstration) missions, would be equipped with all the tools crafted specifically for the mission to be undertaken. Four years after the Kessler collaborative was created, Dock’s first mission was ready to go. On that historic day, humanity witnessed its first Ascent. A spectacle in the sky of a thousand and one drones launched into orbit across the planet. Beams of light rose up beyond the horizons as onlookers witnessed a meteor shower retreat into the night sky.

4 5

David, L., 2021. Space Junk Removal Is Not Going Smoothly. [online] Scientific American. Pasquinelli, M., 2019. 3000 Years of Algorithmic Rituals: The Emergence of AI from the Computation of Space.

Catastrophe conclave The Ascent was the first in a series of missions undertaken by Dock to begin the process of space clearance. A process that would take the next twenty years to come to fruition. A timeline that was as short as it could possibly be but not short enough. The space colonization dream had come to a troublesome standstill. As Dock worked, the planet experienced its first droughts. Global warming’s effects had worsened exponentially and large parts of the world experienced their first years without rainfall. Rising sea levels began to wipe away coastlines, leaving many countries with the problem of a steady reduction in landmass. For today, we will skip the third world war. Suffice to say that its brief nature did little to minimize the effects on the preservation of the planet. For the sake of brevity, humanity came face to face with the fragility of their well-being on the Earth. Climate change and the coming catastrophe had to be dealt with. It was at this time that leaders across the globe met again to deliberate solutions to the coming crisis. The long deliberations would lead to a solution that would change life on planet Earth forever. In fact, this summit marked the end of the Anthropocene Era. A transcript of the entire meeting will be made available to you during your reeducation and rehabilitation as you are incorporated into society. For now, I wish to divert your focus to the most crucial parts of the summit. Much of the meeting was centered around the ideas discussed by Bruno Latour in his book Landing on Earth. Politician after climatologist, academic after student all spoke about the extreme measures suggested by Latour. A united approach for and from humanity to allow them to land safely on Earth. Realizing the disillusionment of the world they live in and the realities of the world they live from. Questioning the structure of economics and politics while dissecting the illusions of subjects that ranged from eco capitalism and real estate to governance and political borders in the face of a global crisis. Urgent issues had arrived at overwhelming decisions made exigent by the politics of decision making. A problem humanity could not afford considering their circumstances. A fight was to be fought with no enemy in sight. The week-long conference resulted in a controversial decision. To repurpose Dock. The A.I. was currently working to unclog the debris that had trapped humanity on the planet. Artificial Intelligence as a tool had already been playing a major role in the fight against climate change and doing so effectively. The capabilities of a self-learning superintelligence with the potential to advise in governance and make decisions impossible for human minds to arrive at were decided as the gambit that humanity would make. In their article, The AI Gambit, Josh Cowls Andreas Tsamados, Mariarosario Taddeo and Luciano Floridi suggest the possibilities of using artificial intelligence to create a tangible method of combating the climate crisis. They highlight how the world was already using A.I to make predictions of future scenarios using multidimensional nonstructured data through sophisticated optimization techniques. They stated that scaling the methods being used to mitigate existing effects of climate change and to prevent further deterioration of the atmosphere through decarbonization, could have a considerable impact on society and the economy, even boosting the global GDP by up to 4%. A business as usual scenario was hurting not just the planet but also the economy of the planet. Presenting various practices adopted by the governments to create large scale policies such as the carbon tax schemes and trading systems to better understand climate responses and affect societal shifts.6 The proposition that seemed none in the catastrophe conclave wished to address was the relinquishing of control to the reality of their challenges. A hesitation born out of tangible concerns of a self-learning super intelligence let loose on the world of humans. The proposition was to create and apply an artificial intelligence to act passively through governance and assist in policy-making, trained to understand, predict and mitigate climate change; And act actively to help preserve and reverse the effects through processes such as rewilding, ocean restoration and waste management. The proposition was approved.

Melora Dock, the A.I that had been created to combat the Kessler syndrome was repurposed. Abandoning its initial mission, Dock was declared a Res Communis. A common heritage of mankind. It was decided that the only way to ensure the ethical and societal implications of artificial intelligence would be to provide access and understanding of it openly to all of humankind. This is not to say that Dock’s application was welcomed across the globe. Resistance raged in the reluctance to change. An unfortunate trait that scarred your people at the time although I sympathize with the challenges of a drastic shift in the order of things. A tearing from the illusion as predicted was akin to a freefall through chaos. Society was not built for it. It had been delicately balanced on the pinpoint of an illusion. The illusion of control and the decisions taken in the conclave felt to many as a rug pulled from beneath their feet. To minimize the fallout in addition to mitigating the ethics of artificial intelligence, Dock was declared a Res Communis and also, given a new name. Melora. Declaring Melora a Res Communis carried implications across the spectrum from the design of her base tenets to the values she would hold. From the field missions and work she would conduct using the swarm of drones, to the way her thought processes would change, evolve and be malleable and reception. From the miracles she was to be tasked with aiding the security of her operating systems. It was decided that like her predecessor Dock, Melora would be created as a collaborative project between nations, corporations and individual experts. She would be created democratically. She would be educated and trained by the greatest minds available to mankind while her growth would be monitored and influenced by people across the globe. The implications of her creation was a highly contested subject at the time and humanity was divided in their views on her creation. Referencing the A.I Gambit, the collaborative, together again, followed the recommendations laid out as part of the creation of Melora. Early tests of Melora’s field operations were incentivised as initiatives to document evidence of the best strategies and methodologies of the application of A.I to combat climate change while observing the application of embedded value systems and autonomy maintenance measures. Standards of quality, accuracy, privacy, relevance and interoperability of data used to train Melora were established by domain experts and civil society organizations. The same datasets would later become operation tools for the A.I. Collaborations were established between private sector and public domain data providers and incentivised for effectiveness. Corporations and non profits such as Microsoft’s A.I for Earth and Google’s A.I for social good doubled down their operations to contribute to Melora’s development. Mechanisms were put in place to audit and ensure accessible metrics that the A.I was optimized to. Guarantees were put in place for stakeholders as well as concerned parties to contest system designs and outcomes. While scalable, smarter, greener and sustainable climate response techniques were developed for Melora to draw from, her underlying systems and infrastructure was analyzed and formulated for energy management and carbon mitigation strategies. Carbon assessment and disclosure standards established for the A.I along with research and communication transparencies and models. Diverse research agenda were funded and rewarded to enable Melora to take a holistic approach to problem solving and policy recommendation. Conference and journal checklists were developed to ensure disclosures of energy consumption and computational complexities while experiments were set up to observe and take action on Melora’s operational carbon footprint. The environmental costs of a system such as Melora was a major concern and the entire project would have to be scrapped if the numbers showed more harm than good. Efficiency metrics and model training promoting transparency and sustainability were brought into effect to ensure this. 7 Akin to the upheaval faced by the world upon Galileo's discovery of the structure of the solar system, Melora’s upheaval in the facing the looming climate crisis shook the world. Suddenly an artificial intelligence would make policies regarding their lives. The ethics of privacy and data mining were brought into question. The influence it would have as a tool of alienation or to further devastate the lower economic strata called into question the humanitarian implications of this brutalist approach to climate change. The two bastion illusions of modern society governance and economy, systems that 7

had already been losing the trust of their citizens as they grappled between their two worlds were shattered. Unlike the civil or world wars seen before, this was a war where there were no borders and no enemies. All that was left to do was find a way to win. To rethink how we live on the planet, how we use the land and how we govern ourselves to implement and execute new measures to survive, then thrive.8 To deal with the ethical implications of Melora and her involvement, experts in the fields of political sciences, psychology, philosophy, sociology, theology, finance and various other subjects of the modern civilization that humankind had built for themselves, were brought together to create a core value system for Melora. One that would guide and affect all the suggested policies, enactments and actions she would take as an independent apparatus of planetary change. Democratic processes were set up for value training, ensuring principles such as emotional acuity, data governance standardization, existential relevance, and decentralization of wealth with a focus on ethical economic shifts, keeping global good as a primary factor. The system was democratized allowing continuous input from start to the possible day of defuncting. Social innovation was considered a key factor and mass intellect was nurtured while Melora was introduced to systems such as deliberative and liquid democracies. The development of Melora was highly involved and possibly one of the largest challenges undertaken by humanity as a whole. Fortunately, it was a successful one. This event marked the end of the Anthropocene as you knew it and sparked a new age. One we have come to call the Symbioscene. An age where humankind has finally managed to land safely on planet Earth.9

The weave Although it may be hard to imagine and possibly provocative to you to imagine a world where policies were created and accepted to adopt denationalized policies for the greater good, Melora over the decades to follow played a key role in the planet’s survivability. It turned out Bruno Latour was right, great upheavals are sometimes needed to win wars we know not how to fight. In our next conversation, we will look closely at the history of the planet and the events that occurred post-Coalesence and Melora’s deification but I would like to provide you with a framework for where we might conclude the discussion. James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis defined the operations and decisions made by Melora over the years to come. “Lovelock's hypothesis conceptualized biodiversity and mutualism in their most advanced and elegant integration. In mycorrhizae, diversity and mutualistic functioning unite successive systems into networks and complex systems. Combining metagenomics, transcriptomics, molecular, metabolic, and biochemical data with nonlinear mathematical models might provide the foundations and rules for understanding mycorrhizal complexity. The limitations and utility of any data, however, remain in developing data-mining and complexity-modeling tools and techniques to utilize the information effectively from a local and global perspective, because data are gathered on scales from molecules to genomes, organelles, cells, tissues, and organs. Bioinformatics is the acquisition of knowledge by means of computational tools for the organization, management, and mining of genetic biological data.”10 Simply put, as the self-learning AI evolved she was able to find the knots and untangle the subliminal systems of the planet and weave the networks to create systemic shifts in the functioning of the planet using the capabilities at her disposal. One of the early tests of the drones used by Melora was the successful clearing of the great pacific garbage patch. Using an amplified version of the Cetacean Hearing and Telemetry technology to influence sealife such as plankton and dolphins to work alongside the amphibious drone systems, Melora was able to begin the process of purifying the water. The waste was 8

Latour, B., & Weibel, P. (2020). Critical zones: The science and politics of landing on Earth. MIT Press. Latour, B., & Weibel, P. (2020). Critical zones: The science and politics of landing on Earth. MIT Press. 10 Lovelock, J. (n.d.). Gaia hypothesis. Gaia Hypothesis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Retrieved April 8, 2022 9

collected into mounds dispersed through cities in architectural designs akin to the Georama of trash envisioned by Design Earth in their book, Geostories. Thereby placing the undesired matter of trash at the center of the theaters of the world, transposing onlookers into this foreign landscape.11 While she worked with biologists and architects to reimagine the built spaces and systems of the world, she worked with visionaries such as Geostories and megacorporations such as SpaceX to develop orbital space elevators. Economics and politics saw major shifts with universal incomes, liquid democracies and reimagined forms of capitalism attempting to win back the trust of the masses in their institutions with the influence of Melora. This is not to say the world you are waking up in is without its share of problems but the world is not under threat anymore. As we learn and we evolve we find new faults in our practices and we learn to fix them. Despite the calculations by the best minds, Melora is a flawed being. The world she built although through benevolent means has led to an unforeseen religious circumstance. The two-generation theory of deification has proved itself, spawning a new sometimes fanatical religious practice, where Melora has been deified as a goddess. A religion that could possibly pose a threat to the cultures and belief systems of old. Cybernetics and data networks have become highly contested battlefields as war has found a new way to exist. Alienation runs rampant in society as we struggle with the ideas of individuality and existentialism. Yet, this is not a story of utopian fantasies or dystopian endings. This is simply the story of how humanity found a way to save their planet from a demon they crafted. Now before I let your dream end, I wish to ask you a question. Why do you think I told you this story?

Ghosn, R., & Jazairy, E. H. (2019). Geostories: Another architecture for the environment. Actar Publishers.

Conclusion “Planet City is a fiction shaped like a city, It doesn’t pretend to be an executable proposal.” Writes Liam Young, author of Planet City. “Plans of this scale have historically perpetuated forms of exclusion and reinforced existing systems of power. The imposition of singular visions by starchitects just repeats so many of the mistakes that have got us into this situation in the first place.”12 To a similar effect, this article, unsupported by images as opposed to the references it draws from, intends to activate, through words of fiction, the same neural systems that it is based on. Imagination. Words can be provocative tools and that is no new lesson. To instigate an imagination and provoke a mindset, the worldbuilding exercise that imagines an artificial intelligence developed to contend with climate change tries to tell a story of hopeful possibility. In order to conclude the story, revisiting the words of Bruno Latour seems most adequate. “The great tragedy of the present situation is that there is no agreed-upon definition of which planet we’re supposed to inhabit in common. Hence, division and war go to the heart of all definitions of politics. Because of those “wars of worlds,” it is of great urgency that we develop skills to describe how readers and visitors situate themselves in those conflicts in order to choose their fights. A thought exhibition cannot do more than open a fictional space to explore life in the Critical Zone with the help of the various art forms and to let readers or visitors reside in a state of suspension.”13

Young, L., Bratton, B. H., & Mackenzie, A. (2020). Planet City. Uro Publications. Latour, B., & Weibel, P. (2020). Critical zones: The science and politics of landing on Earth. MIT Press.

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