ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO 2019
RYO KAWAMOTO
If we were to come across a mound in the woods, six foot long by three foot wide, with the soil piled up in a pyramid, a somber mood would come over us and a voice inside us would say, "There is someone buried here." That is architecture. – Adolf Loos –
Surrounded by memories or remorse, death becomes a sentiment and has no history. Only the civil aspects of this feeling can be expressed architecturally. – Aldo Rossi –
RYO KAWAMOTO / 川本 稜
date of birth nationality E-mail
19th January 1994 JAPAN akakidaidai@gmail.com
Education 2017 - 2018
Politecnico di MIlano, Master of Science, Architecture and Urban Design (Exchange Student)
2016 - 2019
Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering
2012 - 2016
Kyoto University, Faculty of Engineering (Diploma in Architecture)
Honors 2019
Master's thesis "Study on the Aldo Rossi's Concept of Death : Analysis of Cemetery Buildings"
2017
The chief editor of Kyoto University paper (traverse : Kyoto University architectural journal 17)
2016
Outstanding performance award in diploma at Kyoto University
Computer Skills Advanced Intermediated
Rhinoceros + Vray/ Illustrator / Photoshop / Indesign Cinema4D / Sketchup / Grasshopper
Language Native Intermediated
Japanese English
Contents large
COMMUNITY'S COURTYARD
SPIRAL
Sep.2017 - Feb.2018 05-27
Oct.2015 - Feb.2016 29-39
medium
atmo-shpere May.2016 - July.2016 41-47
small
Harmony Apr.2017 - July.2017 49-53
3
COMMUNITY'S COURTYARD
September 2017 - February 2018 URBAN DESIGN STUDIO / Politecnico di Milano Professor : Stefano Boeri Collaborators : Luigi Ettore Ricchioni, Zhaokai Guo
How it was. As. How will it be? A Laboratory for the Reconstruction of Central Italy after the Earthquake On August 24th 2016, a first violent shake of magnitude 6.0 struck a large area along the Tronto Valley, between the Municipalities of Accumoli and Arquata del Tronto. The Earthquake 2016 has been characterized by several and various tremors that have affected the territories differently. To date, 140 Municipalities, with about 600,000 residents, divided into 4 Regions (Lazio, Umbria, Marche, Abruzzo) and 10 Provinces, are faced with reconstruction. The earthquake affected most small Municipalities: the 40% of them house less than 1,000 inhabitants each. We are therefore confronted with a complex situation which concerns a group of small and tiny settlements located on the Apennines ridge, many of which are already subject to depopulation dynamics, which together can be considered, as a result of the many interactions between them as an urban archipelago. Following an earthquake, there are three phases distinguished: the first one, the emergency one, snaps immediately after the shakes and covers all those structures designed to shelter the affected population; the times of the emergency phase can vary from earthquake to earthquake but they concern 4-5 months immediately after the earthquake. Another phase is the real reconstruction, it is the time of planning, in which the idea of a city that is to be pursued in the long term, clearly emerges. The implementation times of this phase are long, sometimes very long, generally ranging from 10 to 20 years. We are now in a moment, a year after the earthquake that hit the center of Italy, which could be termed the in-between phase. As we have already noted by Nina Bassoli in The Sisma and the Swarm, we call in-between "the particular moment that takes place following the earthquake, but before the implementation of the plans [...], where however, most of the elements will characterize the development of reconstruction. " In order to understand the complex dynamics that are investing the territory affected by the earthquake, it is necessary to produce a new mapping capable to read the violent discontinuity produced by the earthquake, not only as a catastrophic event but as a leaping acceleration of social, cultural, demographic, economic processes which were already underway before August 2016. A mapping able to read the way in which dwelling, services, cultural assets and infrastructures have changed their spatial dislocation before and after the earthquake on the entire crater scale. The aim of the course is to develop project visions proposing an hypothesis on the reconstruction of the territory affected by the Central Italy earthquake of 2016. After a first phase of analysis and mapping, students are asked to focus on the reconstruction project of a special section of the crater, producing a strategic vision of land reparation that takes into account the tangible and intangible aspects tied to the earthquake. Stefano Boeri
6
Concept : Courtyard This project propose that the best way to restore a damaged community are public spaces. Spaces where people can talk and discuss, spaces where people can communicate and share knowledge. Interior spaces where people can be intimate with everyone in a close-open community. The Courtyard is that place, a new place to discover.
Field Survey
Research & Design Process In this studio, we first started researching considering the relationship between Amatrice and other municipalities in the entire disaster area (crater) of the earthquake, and then, remodeled while conscious of the connection between the historical area and other area in the linear city of Amatrice. In the historical center, we presented models of public facilities and apartment houses in each block and proposed activities in each courtyard.
crater
fraction
amatrice city
historical center
housemodel
7
Civitanova Marche
Fabriano Macerata
Camerino
Foligno
Amandola Porto d’Ascoli
2
Ascoli Piceno
2’ Norcia Giulianova
Spoleto Cascia
1 Teramo
Amatrice
Terni
Leonessa
3
Rieti
Epicentres 1
2016-8-24 03:36:32 1km W Accumoli Mw6.0
2
2016-10-26 21:18:05 3km NW Castelsantangelo su Nera Mw5.9
2’
2016-10-30 07:40:17 3km NW Castelsantangelo su Nera Mw6.5
3
2017-1-18 10:25:40 3km NW Capitignano Mw5.1
Affected Municipalities Municipalities affected by 1st earthquake Municipalities affected by 2nd earthquake Municipalities affected by 2nd earthquake Municipalities affected by 3rd earthquake
8
Almost all the municipalities affected by the quakes have many similar characteristics, like the natural environment. The crater of the quake is placed over the Appennino abbruzzese and many towns are located between hills and mountains, most of his territories are composed by national park, making the connection through the cities more difficult. Otherwise there are a lot of similarities between these like: cultures, traditions and problems, like the decrease of the population.
Elder’s percentage
Average amount indipendent people 80
35
70
30 Crater
25
Italy
20
60
Crater Italy
50 40
15
5
10
RI
AN
AP
FM
MC
PG
TR
Abruzzo
TE
Umbria
PE
Marche
AQ
Lazio
Abruzzo
%
AQ
PE
TE
RI
AN
AP
FM
MC
PG
Umbria
20
Marche
10
Lazio
30
TR
Municipalities Foothill Rieti
Amatrice
Ascoli Piceno
2000m 1500m 1000m 500m 110m
Spoleto
Norcia
Ascoli Piceno 1935m
1500m 1000m 500m 100m
Terni
Amatrice
Teramo 2230m
2000m 1500m 1000m 500m 110m
Camerino
Fabriano 2380m 2000m 1500m 1000m 500m 290m
Inside Municipalities
Municipalities Foothill - Population
Amatrice 2
Norcia 2
Amandola 2
CasciaL 2
eonessa 2
Camerino
174km
274km
69.4km
181km
Elevation
955m
604m
550m
653m
969m
670m
Population2
,623
4,990
3,802
3,1972
,648
7,130
Density1
5/km2
18/km2
55/km2
18/km2
13/km2
55/km2
Gran Sasso e Nature
Monti della Laga
Monti Sibillini
National Park Product
Amatriciana
Monti Sibillini National Park
ValnerinaM Handcraft Linen
Spicy Salami
205km
onte Terminillo Potato
Monti Sibillini Pasta
Outside Municipalities Area
Fabriano 270km2
1000m
5 2,800
700m
28 26,300
400m
66 172,000
129km2
Area
41 municipalities 373,700 inhabitants
0m
2,800 0.5%
Macerata 92.5km2
SpoletoR 348km2
ieti 206.5km2
Ascoli Piceno 158km2
27,000 5 3%
Teramo 152.8km2
Elevation
325m
315m
396m
405m
154m
265m
Population3
1,255
42,304
38,204
47,537
49,143
54,849
Density
116/km2
457/km2
110/km2
230/km2
311/km2
357/km2
4.6%
41 30%
140
municipalities
574,800
inhabitants
374,000
64.9%
28 20% 30% 173,000
47% 66
9
Festival Market as a device connecting cities Crater strategy develop joining the main cities affected by the earthquake organising a big fesitval market where every city can share and trade their products. This event move across these cities improving the agrarian system, the economic basement of this region. Also the festival can attract tourist from everywhere. Amatriche, in particular, is the birthplace of pasta called “Amatriciana”, it is a big tourist resource and events of “Amatriciana” have been held. This festival plays a role of integrating and connecting events of such localities. The Historical centre of Amatrice, completely destroyed by the earthquake, has been designed to host these type of event, guarantee to the citizen big common spaces for the public activities.
2.Jan.
2.Feb.
2.Apr.
2.May.
2.Jun.
2.Jul.
2.Aug.
2.Oct
2.Nov.
2.Dec.
Camerino
Amandola
Leonessa
Cascia
Norcia
Camerino
Amandola
Leonessa
Cascia
Norcia
2.Mar.
Amatrice
2.Sep.
Amatrice
Amatrice
Amandola
Leonessa
Cascia
10
Festival Market
Norcia
Camerino
Fraction Strategy The aim of the project is to increase the commercial activities inside the city of Amatrice, regiving to the city her urban living, improving the quality of the spaces and life inside the territory.
lake, river
2,500
field lake, river
Instead of that the cities inside Conca amatriciana will be use as a productive farms thanks to the fields around them.
wasteland buildings
The biggest cities, like Nommisci, Scai, Preta and Sommati, will be improved adding activities like laboratories to manage of the primary resources, storage for primary resources and final goods, and schools to guarantee the teaching of the knowledge.
road new road
new field field
Sommati
storage for goods laboratory agrarian school
Amatrice
Preta
Nommisci Varoni-Scai
Varoni-Scai
0
Nommisci
Amatrice
Sommati
200m
1000m
Preta
11
Strategy Diagram By establishing laboratories, schools, etc, based on the characteristics of each region of fraction, it causes the distribution of goods in the fraction. It becomes people’s movement, strengthening the connection of the whole Amatrice. Production items are processed in various places, consumed in festivals, markets and restaurants in city center, attracting tourists to Amatrice. Furthermore, the festival market held by moving in the crater creates interaction with distant cities.
Strategy Process
12
1
2
Establish farms, factories, research facilities in fractions, Invited to excellent human resources, making the foundation of production.
Each production site serves as the base, affecting the entire fraction.
3
4
Each effect will eventually be integrated as a movement of the whole Amatrice and items will be produced and exported from Amatrice brand.
If Amatrice is famous as a brand, it will be possible to attract tourists by holding a festa with other municipalities.
Masterplan of CIty Center The linear city is characterized by a big area used as a storage for big quantity of products, it’s used also as a stockage centre for restaurant. Around the stockage centre there are a series of services for the rural community like the agrarian consortium, a place where farmers can find everything they need to grow the fields, laboratories where primary resources can be transform in final goods, some restaurants and the cooking school of Amatrice (moved in Rieti after seismic events).
Historical Center Culture Area
The temporary houses in agrarian area will be replaced with houses for students. As the rural area around each city fraction also Amatrice can work for the assembly-line of products using her fields to produce primary goods in some open courtyards, cascinas. Every Cascina is characterized by some appartament for workers, services (like storage, laboratories or garage for machine) and some reception facilities for tourist. The population in the city center before the disaster is about 1,000 people, while the rest are 1,500 in total, but we will rebuild the residence to maintain this number.
Administrative Area Agrarian Area
1,000 300 0
100m
500m
Cascina House
New City Center Plan
Cascina House Model Cassina is a traditional farmhouse, and there are several families living in this building to surround the courtyard. Originally it has a larger agricultural land area, but this plan adopts Cassina as a small model. It integrate the broken farmhouses after the earthquake, and also can welcome the tourists of the agriturismism.
house for 2 families
hostel 8residents + 5visitors 40ha field
storage
Old City Center Plan 13
City Center Axonometric By rotary and the bus terminal is provided between the agricultural area in the south-east and historical center in the north-west, with servicing the traffic that passes through the city, also it plays the role of a gateway to the historical center. In addition, this project arranges the green belt to connect straight cities, and make a running track that surrounds the city along it. This street is made up of retaining walls by cages filled with debris after the earthquake, borders the city and functions as a place to connect the landscape.
new road
Secondary Products
debris Running Truck Green Belt
Primary Products
14
street runnig track
debris cage
Historical Center Masterplan In the historical center almost all the buildings collapsed due to the earthquake disaster, but miraculously the tower located at the center did not collapse, it has become a heart and soul of residents. Rearrange the block with the tower and the three main churches as landmarks. In the old city, the distance between the buildings and streets were narrow. In this ploject, by making the courtyard doubling the unit of the block district, it is possible to secure sunny and evacuation route in case of emergency. Furthermore the outer buildings prescribe the place of the past block like the “Cretto di Gibellina� by Alberto Burri, expressing memory of death.
Cretto di Gibellina by Alberto Burri blocks
volume - blocks
2 blocks
1 block - courtyard
before
after
New Historical Center Plan
Old Historical Center Plan
0
20m
100m
15
Courtyard Activities All the new historical center’s blocks are composed of a courtyard and have different activities by having public facilities or functions attached. Also, by changing the form of the residence volume according to the facilities, the individuality of the courtyard is enhanced more. Therefore, various types of open spaces are created, people visit their favorite places and encourage civic interaction. Around the tower, place the main square of cultural facilities is facing, at the entrance to the city to place the bus terminal and the townhall, attempt a connection with the other area.
800 240
Function
16
Green & Pavement market place
theatre
primary/ secondary school
restored church
townhall
museum
kinder garten
new church
library
seismic platform
grass
gardening area
pavement
trees
flowerbed
historical pavement parking area
Platform Concept and Function After removing the earthquake debris and diverting it to the retaining wall and reconsturcting the land, in the rebuilding of the block, this project popose to use platforms that has pillars of seismic isolation. In addition to creating a quake-resistant city, also this platform allows to each block to have a courtyard nad gives each residence a parking lot and a storage in the underground. By setting the entrance to the underground street to the outer of the city, it reduces the number of cars entering and exiting the center. Such seismic platform was used as part of the reconstruction plan after 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. This project is called “Progetto C.A.S.E” and It was the first time that an extensive anti-seismic device had been used in Italy: The distinctive feature of the project was the placing of each building on a seismically insulated deck developed by the engineer Gian Michele Calvi,5 consisting of a cast concrete slab measuring approximately 20x56m, onto which were grafted the pillars supporting the special seismic insulators which constitute the platform base of the housing. In all 7369 pendulum insulators were used, characterized by a technology that makes it possible, in case of tremors, to separate the movement of the ground from the building.
Pendolum insulators of the Project C.A.S.E.
Caterina Bassoli, Giuseppe Ciorra (coordinator),The earthquake and its swarm : the life of cities between catastrophe and recostruction, Università Iuav di Venezia, (2015)
The plates of the Project C.A.S.E. in Tempera
Reconstruction of Land
Platform System debris
debris cage
platform
view point
platform
Access to the Undergarnd Platforms
running truck
storage & parking spase for each residence
17
A B’
A’ B
18
Whole City Section In this new plan, the reversal phenomenon occurs that consecutive courtyards occupy the main space in the city and the semi-public courtyard becomes stronger than the public street. In other words, the citizen’s community place establishes this town and crossing the courtyard, the residents’ lives will appear one after another like a movie scene. Originally the hill of the historical center contained a steep slope, however the border part of the city is being maintained by using the soil and debris dug up when making the platform. By clarity of the edge of the city, to suppress the activity of the outward, to gaze at courtyards of place of life.
0
10m
50m
19
Courtyard with market This big courtyard is mainly used as a market. The buildings has restaurants and stores, and the fever of the terraces overflows into the courtyard.
4 1
Ă—4
3
70 L
market
20
church
15 L
M
10 3
Ă—5
1
M
M
L
20
M
S
Courtyard with theater & townhall The theater and town hall are attached to this block. Each buildings has an outdoor stage facing the inside, and corridors are established as a space for audience connecting buildings.
theater
4 1
Ă—5
3
80 L
townhall
20
outdoor theater
15 L
M
S
10 3
Ă—5
1
M
M
L
M
21
Courtyard with museum The outdoor exhibition of the courtyard consists of two levels, entertaining visitors and some part of the residential building is used as a gallery or artist in residence. The whole courtyard functions as the museum.
museum
4 1
Ă—1
3
20
outside exihibition
7
artist in residence
3
L
L
M
10 4
Ă—2
artists in residence
22
S
S
L
L
S
Courtyard with kindergarten & church In this project, the davastated Basilica di San Francesco is preserved as a monument of the disaster. There is the kindergarten facing this courtyard, and the children grow up with the memory of the earthquake.
15 4
Ă—3
1
70 M
kinder garten
20
church
2 L
L
M
M
8 2
Ă—3
L
L
23
Courtyard with library The first floor of this residence has a corridor with direct access to the library, and the aisle is used as a studying space. Also the courtyard is released as an outdoor reading space.
libarary
20
outside reading
7
study area
3
11 4
Ă—2
study area
S
L
8 2
Ă—2
1
study area
S
L
24
M
Courtyard with church This block consists of three churches, and each residence has no terrace on the inside to prevent the courtyard from becoming noisy.
15 4
Ă—5
1
100 L
26 church
5 L
M
M
S
8 2
Ă—2
1
S
L
25
Courtyard with sports This courtyard plays a role as a sports field for residents and the housing has a large staircase used for watching matches etc. In one block, a running track is equipped on the roof.
20 7
×4
100 L
35 sports field
3
8 2
×2
L
L
26
L
M
M
M
M
Courtyard with garden The inhabitants who like gardening can use a shared garden in this area. The residents can meet and interact in the green courtyard.
13 4
Ă—6
330 gardening roof
30 public gardening
2
M
M
M
L
M
8 2
Ă—4
gardening roof
L
L
27
October 2015 - February 2016 Graduation Ploject / Kyoto University Professor : Kiyoshi Sey Takeyama
SPIRAL
Volume Growing Indefinitely This project is a proposal of a new architecture growing without being bound by gravity, which a flow line and a scale grow in a spiral in proportion to each other. In order to realize this system, the hull construction is used as the structure of this volume on the sea. This shelter moves on the sea all over the world and becomes larger while gathering cultural properties. The building which started from the scale of the art museum and grew to the urban scale gathers larger art objects, buildings and ruins, eventually planning to be left on the ocean floor as an ark that preserves art objects permanently. It will become a huge monument that conveys the memory of the human race to the later world.
Form Diagram
PLAN
A
B
A
B
A
The "Musée à Croissance Illimitée" designed by Le Corbusier will grow the space by extending the passageway in the horizontal spiral direction, however, in the growth system proposed here, by sequentially expanding the rectangular solid, the spirals are developed horizontally, and the space is further grown up and down.
12m × 16m × 21m
16m × 21m × 28m
21m × 28m × 37m
There are two types of patterns, the one is added above the horizontal spiral and the other is added to the lower side, and it alternately adds to the spiral. That is, if design two kinds of rectangular solids A and B, the building growth system will be completed.
37m × 49m × 65m A
A
A
Using the Padovan sequence "1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21, 28, 37, 49, 65, 86, 114, 151, 200 ..." swirls around the existing building as you add a new rectangular solid, you can expand the spiral as connecting the diagonal lines of each rectangular solid.
28m × 37m × 49m
ELEVATION B
B
EXHIBITS
Flotation Diagram The force which works to restore the inclined hull is called stability. The stability occurs when the floating point moves in the direction in which the hull is inclined, and the lines of action of gravity and buoyancy are displaced. In the ship, in order to make this stability work strongly, by adjusting the ballast tank on the bottom of the ship to capture the sea water, the center of gravity is adjusted to be a suitable height. This building also has a ballast tank at the bottom, and the outer shell is made of a frame using iron plate just like a ship, so that seawater can be stored at the outer edge. Stability
Buoyancy Gravity
The center of gravity deviates from the center of the building, but it coincides with the line of action of buoyancy and balances. 30
Like a ship, returning to its original state due to stability.
By dividing the ballast tank, reduce the movement of water and suppress the shift of the center of gravity.
By putting sea water in the ballast tank, the draft becomes larger and the hull becomes stable.
Monument as Memory of Human After growing as long as possible, this building eventually submerses to the ocean floor. As an ark that preserves human culture, it sleeps forever.
Extension Diagram Coupler Air Outlet
Carry a rectangular solid built in another place with a ship and expand it to an existing building to grow it. The rectangular solids are connected by a coupler installed on the edge of the them, and after the connection, the outer wall of the iron plate is drilled to secure an opening such as a passage between the rectangular solids. Therefore, the outer wall that will be the opening later will be a removable material.
Solar Panel
Entrance Air Inlet Phase7
Passage Gate Entrance Phase5
Entrance
Route Diagram
Up Route
To the lobby which is the center of the spiral, approach the entrance straight from the escalator. From there, there are three main lines, a route where the spiral extends horizontally, a route extending upward through the rectangular solid A, and a route extending downward through the rectangular solid B to connect each rectangular solid. The entrance is set in the rectangular solid A, and after phase 7, it grows by extending the existing tube.
Tube
Main Route
Lobby
Down Route
ELEVATION
Phase1
Phase3
Phase7 31
Type A Component
Floor 3
32
Floor 1
Floor 4
Floor 2
Floor 5
Entrance
Elevator
Slab4
Tube
Column
Slab3
Inside Skin
Up Route
Steel Pipe
Slab2
Air Outlet
Spiral Route
Ballast Tank
Slab1
Air Inlet
Route
Structure
Slab
Air Conditioning
Looking up from phase1 exhibition space
Looking up from phase7 exhibition space
33
Type B Component
Floor 3
34
Floor 1
Floor 4
Floor 2
Floor 5
Wall
Slab3
Down Route
Steel Pipe
Slab2
Inside Skin
Spiral Route
Ballast Tank
Slab1
Air Inlet
Route
Structure
Slab
Air Conditioning
Looking down from phase2 exhibition space
Looking down from phase7 exhibition space
35
Main Floor Plan The main floor is where you get off the entrance escalator. As the building grows, it extends spirally and becomes the main line connecting the respective spaces. Passages extending radially from the center is also being expanded as shorcut route.
Looking down from the entrance escalator 5 EV 4 3 2
Phase1
Phase4
1
Entrance Lobby
3
Machine Space
2
Exhibition Space
4
Store Space
5
Exhibition Space
1
2
1
Phase1
Phase4
10
9 5 EV
EV
4 3 2
1
11 6 7
36
Phase1
Phase4
1
Entrance Lobby
3
Machine Space
2
Exhibition Space
4
Store Space
5
Exhibition Space
Phase5
Phase7
6
Machine Space
9
Store Space
7
Store Space
10
Machine Space
8
Exhibition Space
11
Exhibition Space
EV
8
Phase7
scale 1:500 0
10m
50m
Model of phase1, phase4 and phase7
Phase1 bird's eye view
Phase4 bird's eye view
Opening between phase6 and phase7
Looking up phase5's previous entrance from the sea
37
1
2
3
Phase1 1
Entrance
2
Main Lobby
3
Exhibition Space
scale 1:200
scale 1:1000
phase1
phase4
phase7 38
1
2
2
3
2
Phase1 1
Entrance
2
Exhibition Space
3
Main Lobby
scale 1:200
scale 1:1000
phase1
phase4
phase7 39
atomo-sphere
Forword
Avenue Program
Of all building materials and their respective histories in culture and material science, concrete is perhaps one the more confounding. Shaped and transformed like a plastic or molten metal, concrete embodies a catalytic geology, fossilizing inertia, gravity, weight, longevity, and time. The consequence, a poetic manifestation of pervasive use, from the banal and utilitarian to the monumental and spectacular — a binding mortar in masonry and ceramics, a structural frame of columns, foundations, and floor slabs, a facade of precast panels or béton brut, an infrastructure of roads, tunnels, bridges, and dams. What timber is to the primitive hut, the post and lintel, concrete is to both utility and monumentality, the arch, dome, and vault; with application and performance as versatile as the human imagination.
We ask that the participants accommodate the following functions, with the main building purpose being a
The Rome Concrete Poetry Hall invites entrants to project and cast their own imagination in the formation of a multipurpose concrete building in historic Rome. The siting harkens to both the history of concrete and of monumentality in the context of antiquity and western civilization’s cultural heritage. At the center of a piazza, transcribed by a railway, the project necessitates subterranean excavation, recontextualizing Rome's archaeological past. Successful projects conscientiously engage the technological and cultural possibilities of concrete as a building medium within this framework. The jury showed preference to projects that explore the spatial, material, structural, conceptual, and cultural agency of this ever expanding building science.
Project Concept Our project has totally new placing method of "weaving" concrete bands by spraying and curing (hydration) after the form is made. The reticulated sphere of 25m in diameter built by this method symbolizes the innovative concrete. This sphere contains multifunctional hall as if wrapping up the atmosphere and allows light or atmosphere to escape from the gaps of the bands.
42
May 2016 - July 2016 Competition "Rome Concrete Poetry Hall" Organizer : Bee Breeders Architecture Competition Organisers Advising Professor : Akihisa Hirata Collaborators : Haruka Taharasako, Kazuma Yoshinaga
Multifunctional hall: • Multifunctional hall to host temporary - 120sqm • Cafe/bar - 60sqm • Conference Room - 30sqm Service areas: • Management offices • Internal and external circulation spaces must be explained. • The participants do not have to include parking in their project strategy. The Avenue Profram is flexible, open for modifications and improved development strategies.
The Competition Site The site chosen for the Rome Concrete Poetry Hall is the Piazza Galeno or Galen Square - located on Regina Margherita Avenue, which is a prime location within Rome. The piazza is encircled by tram lines, which also pass directly through the site itself. Participants must respect the building height limitations and the historical architecture context of the area when creating their designs. To accommodate this, a certain amount of underground construction is expected in order to fit the design criteria.
Concept Diagram
Atmosphere is generated by people
Ordinary concrete wall is heavy and thick.
gathering.
The more people gather, the more large
Reticulated concrete wall weaved bands by
Spherical reticulated concrete wall covers
atmosphere becomes.
cutting out rolled concrete is light and thin.
the atmosphere and it makes hall.
The Model and Process
43
Cloth Concrete This project uses flexible concrete impregnated fabric that hardens on hydration to form a thin. This concrete rolled like cloth can be handled as a band.
Hydration Reaction Notes ・During setting, the concrete will achieve 80% strength at 24 hours after hydraition which has 1-2 hours working time. ・Method of hydration is to spray the fiber surface with water until it feels wet to touch for several minutes after spraying. ・This concrete must be actively hydrated ,for example, do not rely on rainfall or snowmelt.
Physical Propertiess
Structural Analysis
Thickness [mm]
13
Roll Width [m]
1.1
Mass (unset) [kg/m2]
This concrete is strong in compression but weak to the bending. Therefore, we calculated the numerical value of the maximum permissible moment (M max) and analyzed how long span this concrete band could endure in bending stress while comparing the bending moment (M) each span with maximum permissible moment. The right graph shows the result.
19
3
Density (unset) [kg/m ]
1500
3
Density (set) [kg/m ]
+30-35%
Weight [kg/mm]
Moment (kNm)
0.0209 2
Compression Stress [N/mm ]
40
Compression Force [kN]
572
Bending Stress [N/mm2]
3.4
Bending Force [kN]
48.62
Length direction [kN/m]
19.5
Width direction [kN/m]
12.8
M
160
Mmax
140 120 100 80 60
Mmax ≒ 140 kNm
M<Mmax
40
Ｍ≒ 137 kNm（11m span）
20
reference : http://www.concretecanvas.com
0
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Span (m)
Structural Diagram lateral load
The concrete sphere has the lateral load as the chart shows. Therefore, a steel ring having tensile stress is installed in the center of the sphere against the horizontal power going to spread.
tensile stress
tension ring
Rule of Binding
Z
1
A1
44
A2=Ry(θ)A1
Rz( θ ) : rotate θ on Z-axis
A3n+2 =Ry( θ )A3n+1
4
3
2
A3=Rz(θ)A2
A3n+1 =Rx( θ )A3n
4
5 θ
θ 2
Y
A3n =Rz( θ )A3n-1
θ＝ 137.5°(golden anagle)
1 θ
X
Rx( θ ) : rotate θ on X-axis Ry( θ ) : rotate θ on Y-axis
1. The first band is bound around horizontal great circle. (A1) 2. Next, it applies the operation rotating first band 137.5° on Y-axis,Z-axis, X-axis in turn. (A2, A3, A4) 3. It is finished binding 40 times while repeating this operation. (A40)
3
θ
A4=Rx(θ)A3
A5=Ry(θ)A4
A40
How to Build
Dig a hole and make a spherical surface.
Build office and other facilities under the ground.
Blow up a huge balloon on the ring.
Set up columns and a sphere table.
1
Bind concrete bands around the balloon.
Bind 40 bands following the rule of binding.
4
After 48 hours, the concrete achieves
3
2
Spray water on the concrete sphere.
6
5
Remove the shrink balloonfrom
Release air from the balloon.
enough strength.
the concrete sphere.
7
Build the bridge across
9
8
Set up scaffoldings to make internal space.
Make slabs, stairs, elevator core, and the others.
to pass through the trum.
Remove the scaffoldings.
10
11
12 45
Section 1:100
4
3
2
2
1
1
plaza
2
tram station
3
multifunctional hall
4
stage
Looking up the stage from the multifuctional hall
The tram station and the stair to the hall 46
plaza
tram station
sphere
The space between sphere and under-croft connects with groundline by down-stairs and gives spatially-impressive experience.
multifunctional hall
The existing tram station can be born again to the more functional and more spatially-characteristic station by covered with the spherical reticulated concrete wall. stage
hall & cafe
The slab of multifunctional hall and cafe/bar is lifted up by the structure independent of the sphere. People approaches by the upstair connecting this slab with the ground.
Plan 1:700 0
10m
50m
A part of the multifunctional hall’ s slab is lifted up , which creates the “to-see-and-to-be-seen” reltionship in the sperical room.
1
stage
6
WC-W
2
multifunctional hall
7
WC-M
3
cafe
8
storage
4
tram station
9
office
5
conference room
10 plaza
tram station
sphere table
GL+6000 Plan 1:700
GL+9000 Plan 1:700
2
2
1
3
undercroft
GL+3000 Plan 1:700
GL-3000 Plan 1:700
5 6
4 10
4
7
9 8
isometric
47
April 2017 - July 2017 Studio 2017/Kyoto University Takeyama Laboratory Professor : Kiyoshi Sey Takeyama
harmony
Theme "Suprematism ― Achromatic Space"
Studio Project
"Intuition is a new reason to consciously create forms, " Malevich said. While thinking about 100 years ago trying to build a new aesthetic out of conventional thinking, we would like to think about the way of architecture which is far away from various constraints. Kiyoshi Sey Takeyama
Firstly, we read Marevich's works and texts and define the word "Achromatic Space" with its own interpretation. Secondly, as defined above, we design the "Achromatic Space" on the site where the information other than bearing, contour line, and road is hidden.
Kazimir Malevich (1878-1935) Russian painter and art theoretician. After deriving from the strong influence of cubism and the futuristic, it reached "Suprematism" which is subject to NonObjectivity. He were pursuing abstract works that thoroughly eliminate meanings and are also evaluated as one of the ultimate abstract painting before the World War.
Black Square (1915)
Concept One of the things that suprematism's paintings left may be a balanced relationship between figures and figures. In this project, I propose the space that suprematism paintings literally lifted up as it is. The relationship between figures and figures in the plane is evolved into a new harmony among the slabs in the space. Tensegrity is used for the structure, and the floating slabs were realized by the idea of riding on the compression material. This space can be said to be "achromatic space" in the sense that it deviates from the existing composition elements.
Eight Red Rectangles (1915)
White on White (1918)
Concept Diagram
Malevich's painting has a harmony among figures.
Tenseglity Diagram
Cut out figures and let them float in space.
Change the length and angle of the bar to create a space.
To float the figures in the air, use a tensegrity structure composed of six bars.
Change the length and angle of the bars to create a space.
Deform the bars and increase the support to prevent the bars from rotating.
Site Site Plan 1:1000
34°53'37"N 135°40'47"E 100m x 100m = 100,00m2
Roof Plan 1:300
tensile wires
Partial Section 1:150
Tensile Stress
compression bars
Compression Stress
spiral stairs
planes
Floating Slabs
plaza
isometric
52
Looking up the "Haramony" from the plaza
South Elevation 1:200
Looking toward the entrance
East Elevation 1:200
B'
A
A'
B
A-A' Section 1:200
B-B' Section 1:200
53