KATE HAYES University of Virginia | Master of Landscape Architecture, 2013 Stanford University | Bachelor of Science, Earth Systems, 2008 khayes@virginia.edu | 202.215.1813
About Me With a range of professional experience, a B.S. in Earth Systems from Stanford University, and a M.L.A. from University of Virginia, I am eager to embark upon a professional career in landscape architecture. My strong work ethic, curiosity, discipline, and commitment to landscape architecture makes me a dedicated worker. With strong verbal and visual communication skills, I am able to thrive working both individually and in team settings. Landscape architecture is my passion and I look forward to contributing to this exciting field.
Presenting team’s EMiLA project in Amsterdam, September 2011 2 | Hayes
Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
Studio Projects
5
Market Gradients Swamp Thing Sand Engine A Memorial Garden Drif ting Ecotones
Skills 27 Site Reading Diagramming GIS Detail Design Ar tist Book C ollaborative Work
The sis 37 Resume 50
Hayes | 3
fragrant, old medicinal use
SUB-CANOPY
SHRUB
GROUND
4 | Hayes
Market G radients: G reen Infrastructure + Public Space C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , VA F a l l 2 012
Swamp T hing: A Smar t G rid for Water New Orleans, L A F a l l 2 011
Sand Engine: Understanding + Living with Change over Time N o r f o l k , VA S p r i n g 2 011
A Memorial G arden on Obser vator y Hill C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , VA F a l l 2 010
Drif ting Ecotones: Planted Form + Function C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , VA S p r i n g 2 012
STUDIO PROJECTS Hayes | 5
Rain Garden Dry Swale Stormwater Wetland Biofilter Bioretention Downspout Disconnection to Rain Barrel Daylight Existing Storm Drain
0
James River Watershed
2,000
4,000
ft
8,000
#1
Green Infrastructure as Public Space : Line to Gradient Comprehensive Studio, Fall 2012 Professors: Elizabeth Meyer + Leena Cho Team Project: Kate Hayes + Rachel Stevens 0
125
250
500 Feet
The act of opening up the ground and transforming the discrete line of a stormwater pipe into a constructed and designed hydrologic gradient not only helps reveal local and regional fluxes and flows, but provides a structural framework for new public space and market district. Like the seasonal flooding banks of a streambed, this market district would have a similar gradient, expanding and contracting based on the amount of water and people occupying the space. This market acts a catalyst for this network of public space and green infrastructure that is embedded in a larger city and regional scale. This gradient can extend to include the public to private between the street and buildings that surround it, and integrate the market as part of a multi-functional network of public, ecological spaces within the downtown area that also reference and ground that place within the dynamics of the city and region. sunken plaza
mist
LINE TO GRADIENT | REGIONAL WATERSHED
Landscape framework plan for Charlottesville contrasting and connecting stream gradients with pipe lines 6 | Hayes
James River Watershed
precipitation Pollack’s Branch piped watershed
site
44
Charlottesville annual watershed precipitation (in)
precipitation
precipitation
DESIGN STORMS
site
site
James River Watershed
E
1/2 MIL
E
1/4 MIL
3.5”
6”
1 yr 24 hr stormwater runoff
3”
2 yr 24 hr
site watershed
precipitation
precipitation Pollack’s Branch piped watershed
10 yr 24 hr
James River Watershed
James River Watershed
7”
25 yr 24 hr
Existing
Proposed James River Watershed
8,000
E
1/2 MIL
James River Watershed
E 1/4 MIL
precipitation
pipe#1
pipe#1 site
Water strategy: infiltrate and store water on site watershed
pipe#2
Market edge in summer: water retention and structural soil planting detail
precipitation
pipe#2
Rain Garden
54,500 cf
Dry Swale Stormwater Wetland Biofilter Bioretention
217,997 sq ft
Downspout Disconnect
Daylight Existing Storm
36,184 cf
0
144,738 sq ft
James River Watershed
8,000
22,033 cf
James River Watershed
88,134 sq ft
pipe#1
SUB-WATERSHEDS
20,688 cf
based on 1 yr 24 hr design storm
82,752 sq ft
pipe#2
54,500 cf
main market 72 vendors
217,997 sq ft
sunken plaza + skating 12,000 SF
0
125
250
500 Feet
36,184 cf 144,738 sq ft
22,033 cf
88,134 sq ft
20,688 cf
82,752 sq ft
stairs + amphitheater movie screen seats 60 250 people reclining overflow market 20 vendors + trucks
people
Combining water and public space (calculations based on 1 yr 24 hr design storm)
0
125
250
0
500 Feet
125
250
500 Feet
Market edge in winter: snow collection area and icicle fountain
Hayes | 7
2,000
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Ridge Street
watch the sun set
water
public life
NON-MARKET DAY use dry runnel as racing track for toy cars
water
public life
MARKET DAY PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCED BY PRODUCT AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCED BY PRODUCT AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
learn how to can at workshop
listen to Penny Pistol performance
water
public life
MARKET DAY see water level rise post storm event
water
public life
commute to work
NON-MARKET DAY
listen to running water
people + water watch
learn how to can at workshop
water
public life
NON-MARKET DAY
public life
follow runnel down path
stop into new small business catch-up with Belmont neighbor
use dry runnel as racing track for toy cars
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
MARKET DAY
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
water
stock up on spring annuals
water
public life
MARKET DAY
Sectional series through market, revealing individual relationships between water and public life
Four Square in the street
people + water watch
water
public life
MARKET DAY follow runnel down path
stop into new small business catch-up with Belmont neighbor
Market Gradients
cool hands in pool
water
public life
MARKET DAY
The gradient responds to human and non-human ecology as a unified system rather than separate constituencies. The market is a zone of exchange between people, water, and vegetation where the rituals of daily life - in the form of streetscape, market district, and park - become embedded in the landscape dynamics of Charlottesville and the greater region.
stop by SNAP booth
buy greens from usual weekly vendor
break off icicle from fountain wall
1st Street
RAIL-TO-TRAIL
water
public life
NON-MARKET DAY PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
8 | Hayes
RAILWAY
jog during lunch hour
Model of modular ground condition of runnels
Ground plan
2ND STREET
1ST STREET
SOUTH ST
+462
+461 +461
+461
+461 +461
+461
+461
+461.5
TW+463
+461.5
+460 +461.5 +461
+462
+460.5 +461
+459
+461
+460.5
+461
BS+457.5
+461.5 +460.5
D
+461.5
BS+457.5
BW+458
+462 +462
TS+458
+458
+460.5
+460.5
+461
+460
TS+461
A
+461 BS+458
+456 +460.5
+461.5 +464
+460.5
+461 +460.5 +461.5
+464 +468
+461
+460.5 +461
+460
+461
RIDGE STREET
+466
+461
+461 BS+457.5
+461
+458
+461
+467 +462
+463
+462
+459
+460.5
TW+463
BW+461
TS+460
B +475
BS +464
E
+463
+462
GARRETT ST
+461
+485.5 +496
C
TS +496
+466
+462
+461
GLEASON STREET
0’
32’
64’
Site plan Hayes | 9
Garrett Street as a pedestrian zone on City Market days; vehicle circulation maintained for non-market days
Market Operations The ground plane - its form, its function, and its experiential qualities - is an integral component to the design of this district. Like a more regionally scaled landscape ecology of patches, corridors, and matrices, these components can operate at a site scale to further characterize and define this market district gradient. The interior and edge conditions inform program types and the seasonality and flux of the market.
(5 AM
VEND OR + 1 PM S )
market day vendors 10 | Hayes
PEDESTRIAN ZONE
market day pedestrians
non-market day
MAR
SPRING
APR
MAY
JUN
JULY
SUMMER AUG
SEP
OCT
FALL
NOV
DEC
WINTER
JAN
FEB
canopy
ground
MATERIALITY temperature
MAR 58/36/4.06
APR 69/45/3.35
MAY 76/54/4.84
JUN 84/62/4.45
JUL 88/66/4.92
AUG 86/64/4.13
SEP 80/58/4.84
OCT 69/47/4.21
NOV 59/38/3.74
DEC 49/30/3.27
JAN 45/36/3.7
FEB 49/29/ 3.31
precipitation apples asparagus
spinach
peaches
corn
kale chard
tomatoes
butternut squash
strawberries
produce cucumbers
shade gradients verticality
vegetation
TEMPORALITY
cooking classes and workshops
water
saturation
farmers market
outdoor concert series ice skating plaza
duration
people
density
bicycle depot
PROGRAM
cistern
view to Monticello stage
weekly market bike depot screen on the green workshops vendor vehicle space
fountain wall
misters + ice skating
section of Garrett St looking north 1”=32’
Seasonal gradients at the Charlottesville Market
Hayes | 11
A Smar t Grid System for Water: Reintroducing the “Swamp Thing” back into New Orleans Foundation Studio III, Fall 2011 Professors: Jorg Sieweke + Pete O’Shea Team Project: Kate Hayes + Isaac Cohen
1 YEAR 24 HOUR STORM
ANNUAL PRECIPITATION
Naturally meandering, the Mississippi River jumps its channel every 500 - 1000 years, finding the shortest, steepest path towards the Gulf of Mexico. This studio looks at the apocalyptic scenario of the Mississippi jumping to the Atchafalaya Basin, leaving New Orleans without a freshwater supply.
january
february
TYPICAL STORM
march
april
may
june
july
august
september
october
november
Atchafalaya and Mississippi River
WATER TABLE
average flow in Cubic Feet Per Second
december
december
november october september july june may april march february january Atchafalaya Record low flow Mississippi Record low flow Atchafalaya Record high flow
1,600,000 CFS
900,000 CFS
800,000 CFS
700,000 CFS
600,000 CFS
500,000 CFS
400,000 CFS
300,000 CFS
Mississippi Record high flow
200,000 CFS
Drawing upon the cultural connotations of “Swamp” and the technological workings of a smart grid system, this multi-functional and performative infrastructure acts on multiple scales – from the city, to the neutral ground corridor, down to the individual lot scale. The idea is born from a post-apocalyptic scenario yet it can be implemented today.
august
100,000 CFS
Therefore, to better manage water in a zone deprived of its freshwater supply, we propose introducing a smart water grid system to New Orleans that retrofits and builds upon existing infrastructure (pumps + canals) to actively redirect water to the most needed areas of the city. It is a system that manages water effectively and expressively as a vital resource in a city that has historically struggled to keep water out.
Jumping scales: overlaying streetscape scale water strategy with the seasonal dynamics of the Mississippi River 12 | Hayes
pre-modern
modern
proposed City scale conceptual models
above: Mississippi River jumping its channel below: settlement + drainage patterns over time Hayes | 13
EXISTING mono-functional, single directional system
DRINKING
USERS
DRAINAGE
PHASE I introduce swamps to system
LONG LOT SPATIAL STRUCTURE: DRINKING the optimal allocation of two scarce resources
USERS
SWAMP THING swamp
Phasing the Grid
14 | Hayes
(1
ft)
valued resource (fertile land)
PHASE II
valued resource (fertile land)
smart grid system for water
valued resource (river) valued resource (river)
DRINKING
USERS
pumping stations pumping stations
resource resource
pump + energy
In this smart system, the pump stations act as central nodes. Each pump station has anywhere from one to fifteen pumps which can be individually controlled to modulate and allocate water and flows throughout the city. By tying the largest pump station to the water treatment facility, the ultimate goal is for the 64 inches of precipitation that fall on New Orleans every year to be cleansed and repurposed to serve all freshwater needs in the city.
ft)
(1
swamp
92
ar
s
nt
pe
40
the optimal allocation of two scarce resources
n
pe
ar
40
pump + energy
A smart system for water management is flexible and can adapt to various conditions to most effectively distribute storm water based on demand. This system acts in contrast to the current, mono-functional system that simply pumps water out of the city. The addition of swamps to the system in the first phase facilitates the creation of new, dynamic public spaces in New Orleans.
92
ts
DRAINAGE
LONG LOT SPATIAL STRUCTURE:
settlement settlement
long lot remnants
long lot remnants
topography
topography
farmland
farmland
back swamp
back swamp Lake Pontchartrain
drainage sub-basins | polders
drainage sub-basins | polders
DRAINAGE Lake Pontchartrain
New Orleans’ historic arpent system
SMART GRID
Phasing strategy for Swamp Thing and smart grid system
EXISTING
PHASE I PHASE II smart grid water system
STORM WATER FRESH WATER
monitor
roof water collection
smart appliances
monitor
monitor
WASTE WATER soil moisture sensor
STORM WATER ground
STORM WATER storage seasonal flush
Inserting “Swamp Thing” into New Orleans’ repurposed smart grid network of pumps and pipes reduces the load of stormwater on the system and gradually reduces the city’s dependency on the Mississippi as a source of freshwater Hayes | 15
QUERCUS VIRGINIANA
Designing Across Scales
TUPELO GUM FLOW
SEDGES SPANISH MOSS
BAYOU NYSSA AQUATICA SWAMP TAXODIUM DISTICHUM SPARTINA
PLANTS 16 | Hayes
GROUND
WATER
This smarter system necessitates a move towards collection and storage of water at the lot scale. Not only can individuals use this water collection as grey water, but it can be fed into the smart water grid as needed. This lot scale system will begin to influence consumer behavior and attitudes, reducing the reliance on municipal scale water distribution, ideally before the Mississippi River even jumps its channel.
SATURATED
UNSATURATED
Repurposing the city’s Neutral Grounds for water collection, storage, and public space
Plant and material palette
public space
swamp
proposed drainage
infrastructure + smart grid
Pump Station #1
filtration runnels
redistribution pipes
Water and public space typologies for the Neutral Ground or canals
design intervention existing canal
Hayes | 17
Sand Engine: Understanding + Living With Change Over Time Foundation Studio II, Spring 2011 Professors: Kristina Hill + Kate John-Alder A “sand engine” is an artificially created island which, through natural processes of wind and wave action along the shoreline, will erode, accrete, and eventually widen and renourish the existing beach. In this case, the sand engine is expected to “reach” shore in 20 - 25 years. In addition to being a less expensive alternative to typical beach nourishment practices, the sand engine provides a temporary recreational area, habitat for plants and animals, and an aesthetic experience of intentionally dynamic landforms. This design is based on the natural, dynamic processes endemic to this coastline region and is highlighted through intentional choreographed moments of exposure to the elements and enclosure, across scales. This spatial sequence is rooted in the community of Willoughby Spit, on the neighborhood streets, moves through a sand dune ecotone, and out to the end of a pier where one is completely exposed to the elements and can watch the sand engine move and change over both the short and long term. By amplifying a site’s existing conditions, the design seeks to help both locals and visitors better understand, appreciate, live, and engage in these natural forces and flows, and more generally, in change over time.
18 | Hayes
Rhizomal pattern of Ammophila breviligulata
Conceptual cut and fill diagram of sand engine migrating towards and nourishing the beach
winter day 0
summer
spring 1 mo.
2 mo.
3 mo.
4 mo.
5 mo.
6 mo.
autumn 7 mo.
8 mo.
9 mo.
winter
spring
autumn summer
10 mo.
constructing SAND ENGINE
dredging sculpting
dynamic transforming
stabilizing
NATURAL PROCESSES SAND CATCHER Transformation and construction diagram of sand engine and sand catcher changing over time
constructing
forming
module building
forming
deconstructing Hayes | 19
installation sand accumulation additional fences
new dune Process of dune building
Sections through modular sand fence and boardwalk Site model
Sand Gauge As natural buffers, dunes provide moments of enclosure in a community typically subject to extreme exposure. Planting native grasses facilitates dune formation and island stabilization. This proposed boardwalk system mimics the rhizomal characteristic of these native grasses, and can expand and contract as a modular system to create a series of outdoor rooms, or microclimates. Both American Beachgrass and this sand gauge act as palimpsests, lasting the lifeline of the island, regenerating the main shoreline for future generations, and building a strong collective memory in the community of Willoughby Spit. 1/4 scale constructed wood and welded metal prototype 20 | Hayes
6
Transition from path to place: exposed and enclosed, familiar and aberrant
Hayes | 21
A Memorial Garden on Obser vator y Hill Foundation Studio, Fall 2010 Professor: Nancy Takahashi This design is characterized by the seam between two fields - a forest and an asphalt parking lot - and defined by the underlying geology and exposed rock facade. I selected this site for a memorial garden due to its unique history and particularities of place at an old nuclear plant site.
Existing site conditions at the geologic seam
In addition to providing a space for family members to visit their deceased loved ones, this design is part of a larger healing landscape. Overtime, the seam will stitch back together as the asphalt crumbles and plants grow from cracks in the rock. On a larger scale, this concept of shaping the ground through a dominant geologic seam can be repeated on other developed sites on UVA’s historic Observatory Hill. This design is a direct response to the character of the mountain and the forest. The impermeability of the bedrock is evident in the still water feature and the designed threshold zone provides a variety of temporal changes, including light, dark, sound, and microclimates.
Stitching a broken landscape back together 22 | Hayes
Carving into the impermeable rock + asphalt Hayes | 23
Fall Phlox
Form: 3-4’ tall, erect stem, showy clump former, 4-8” wide terminal pyramidal cluster of flowers
Phlox paniculata
Polemoniaceae
interest until first frost
DRIFTING ECOTONES
Color + Season: blooms June to October, pink to purple flower, seasonal
CANOPY
SUMMER
AUTUMN
‘Manhattan Blue’ Juniper
berry-like cones, reddish brown bark shreds in long strips
Growing Conditions: tolerant of most conditions but prefers slighty acidic, well-drained soils, pH adaptable
Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant flowers, attracts butterflies +
Blazing Star Liatris spicata
base of plant, showy flower cluster, feathery appearance
Asteraceae
noted for...
cones
Red Maple ‘Autumn Flame’
Form: 45-50’ tall, 35-50’ spread; rounded to oval crown; fine texture
Panicle Hydrangea
Hydrangea paniculata
fall color (early)
Aceraceae
Dryopteris erythrosora
Dryopteridaceae
Color + Season: evergreen, new fronts in shades of orange-red to copper-
green leaves
Plante d For m + Fu n c t i o n : D r i f t i n g Ecotones Nurser y
clusters from June to October; yellow fall color; leaves may persist into winter; attractive bark has vertical exfoliating strips
Growing Conditions: best in slightly acidic soils that is moist, cool +
S F W S Growing Conditions: requires moist, organic, fertile soil, salt tolerant
Hellebornus odorus
Wildlife value + Benefits: strong scented flowers
Form: assymetrical clumping fern, 2-3’ long fronds, robust leathery fern
Polystichum acrostichoides
Color + Season: glossy, green fronds, evergreen
Dryopteridaceae
Growing Conditions: prefers cool, moist, well-drained soils but can grow
S F W S
Hosta Aureomarginata ‘Frances Williams’ Hosta sieboldiana
S F W S
Smooth Sumac
elwesii Rhus glabra Galanthus Amaryllidaceae
Form: 1.5-2’ tall, 4-5’ spread, clump forming perennial with thick, puckered, cupped, wide-oval to rounded leaves, distinctive veining
Anacardiaceae
Color + Season: blue-green variagated leaves edged with wide yellow stripe, lilly-like lavender flowers bloom June to July on 30” tall stems.
S F W S
Growing Conditions: best in moist, well-drained soils, tolerant on wide
PIEDMONT WOODLANDS: shady hike
Color + Season: white flowers bloom February to March
Growing Conditions: prefers moist, humusy soils, grows well under
Color + Season: leaves colorful in fall; yellow-green flowers followed by
deciduous trees, prefer cool climates
bright-red, hairy berries in erect, pyramidal clusters, persist through winter
Wildlife value + Benefits:
Growing Conditions: most dry soils, drought tolerant Wildlife value + Benefits: birds, insects, and mammals consume fruits + leaves, because drupes persist through fall and winter months, a ready food source
with redding base, bloom late January to March
mesic, shade, dappled light, quiet, light texture, high ceiling Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds, butterflies + bees,
Growing Conditions: moist fertile acidic soil Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant, provides seeds for birds, rabbits
Boxwood
+ deer
SUB- Nannyberry attracts... Vibernum lentago CANOPY Caprifoliaceae
Poaceae
small mammals songbirds Color + Season: butterflies larva
clay soils, very adaptable
Virginia Mountain Mint
Form: 2-3’ tall, strout, multibranched toward top, flowers in dense clusters
PIEDMONT WOODLAND
Cornaceae
Platanus occidentalis
branches, massive trunk
Color + Season: white flaking bark provides great winter interest
Wildlife value + Benefits: fruit attracts birds + other easily S F W wildlife, S transplanted + established, fragrant
Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant, attracts butterflies
leaves, fragrant flowers bloom April to May
evergreens colorful fruit showy bark
Form: 75-100’ tall and spread, wide spreading open crown with twisted
Platanaceae
Growing Conditions: grows best on moist, calcareous soils
Lamiaceae
S F W S
Winter Flame
Sycamore
Color + Seasons: tiny, white, mint-like flowers, often spotted with purple
Pycnanthemum virginianum
Color + Season: evergreen, dark green above, lighter yellow green below
noted for...
Growing Conditions: tolerant of moist + dry soils; some sand to some
Cornus sanguinea
Form: 15-20’ tall with equal spread, dense, multi-branched evergreen shrub, rounded or gumdrop form, architectural, foliage to the ground, medium to fine texture
Buxus sempervirens
Form: 10-14’ tall, 8-12’ wide, multistemmed shrub or small tree, irregular to rounded, medium texture, arching branches, suckers readily
Growing Conditions: does best in moist, well-drained soils, tolerates extended flooding, drought + salt tolerant
Growing Conditions: requires moisture, prefers limestone soils with pH
of 6 or greater
noted for...
Wildlife value + Benefits: great for bees, attracts wildlife to feed + nest, texture foliage gives off a distinct fragrance, good for hedges + mass plantings feel
Wildlife value + Benefits: no significant value for wildlife
River Birch Form: 8-10’ tall and spread, multi-stemmed, suckering deciduous shrub Betula nigra
Great Blue Lobelia
Form: 2-3’ tall, erect
Lobelia siphilitica
Campanulaceae
Betuleacae
Color + Season: lavendar-blue tubular flowers crowded together on upper
Color + Season: golden yellow stems tipped in pink orS dark red in winter, S F W
Form: 3-4’ tall, 2-4’ spread, shrub with thick, glossy evergreen leaves; termial inflorescences
Winter Daphne ‘Aureomarginata’
Form: 50-70’ tall, 35-50’ spread, medium sized tree, oval or pyramidal when young to rounded or irregular crown, medium texture, can grow as multi-stemmed plant
Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea Daphne odora Rosaceae
stem, blooms August to October for long period
S F W S
Thymelaeaceae
Color + Season: yellow fall color; creamy orange showy bark
Growing Conditions: requires moist conditions insects
green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, late spring bloom with small clustersdrier sites, easily transplanted of white flowers, dark purple drupes
consistently moist, well-drained soils
Apocynaceae
Color + Season: small pink to mauve flowers bloom July to August,
S F W S
Growing Conditions: prefers medium to wet soils, tolerant of less well-
tolerant of pollution
Musclewood
Carpinus caroliniana
Betulaceae
attractive seed pods 4” long
F W S Wildlife value + Benefits: dark drupes attractiveS to birds, attracts butterflies, tolerates deer, erosion control, hedge
Giant Pussy Willow
Form: 20-30’ tall and spread, multi-stemmed shrub or single-stemmed tree, medium texture, wide spreading
Salicaceae
Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, rich, sandy-humusy, well-
drained soils with neutral pH, hardy to zone 7
Form: 6-12’ tall shrub of upright stems
Salix Chaenomeloides
Color + Season: winter interest with reddish brown winter bud scales + puffs of velvety gray pussies; blooms late winter early spring, white and yellow flowers; pink catkins; blue-green leaves
Color + Seasons: yellow, orange + red fall color, brown nutlets in early fall, smooth gray bark with vertical ridges
S F W S
drained soils, deep taproots
Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant flowers attract butterflies as nectar
March to April; glossy evergreen leaves edged with warm cream; red fruits in July to August
Wildlife value + Benefits: fruit a favorite of birds, butterflies, larval host,
food + cover for many animals
Asclepias incarnata
Color + Season: reddish purple flowers with palish pink insides, blooms
early; white flowers in pendulous racemes bloom early spring + short-lived, red fruit ripens in June; striped smooth, ornamental bark
Growing Conditions: prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soil
Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat seeds, nesting sites for waterfowl,
Growing Conditions: tolerant of wide range of soils but prefers
Form: 4-5’ tall, 2-3’ spread, erect + clump forming, clustered flowers
Form: 15-20’ tall, deciduous small tree or large shrub, multi-stemmed, rounded crown, medium texture Color + Season: yellow-orange to red fall color, colors early and leaves fall
S F W S
Growing Conditions: grows best on moist river bottom soil, adaptable to
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds, hummingbirds, butterflies,
Swamp Milkweed
Growing Conditions: deep, fertile, slightly acidic soils, tolerates periodic flooding, fairly adaptable
Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant flowers, attracts bees + other
insects
Growing Conditions: well-drained, acidic soils, tolerates wet sites Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds
source, larval host for Monarch butterflies
Wildlife value + Benefits: of secondary value to wildlife
SHRUB
STOCK
Tall Coreopsis
Coreopsis tripteris
Form: 4-16” tall, leafy stems + sturdy green foliage, hairy nature
Violaceae
Color + Season: bright yellow flower veined with purple, looms April to
Asteraceae
GROUND
June
S F W S
Growing Conditions: grows in dry to medium moisture, well-drained
mesic to moist, light sun to shade, terracing, reflecting, cool, quiet
Smooth Blue Aster Aster laevis
Asteraceae
RIPARIAN VALLEY
attracts + feeds...
Carex crinita
Cyperaceae
Ranunculaceae
into winter
S F W S
Growing Conditions: prefers moist + acidic soils, tolerant of poorly-
Color + Seasons: green, flowers May to July
Color + Season: a nodding, red + yellow flower, blooms February to July,
Growing Conditions: wet to moist conditions; clay, loam, peat or sand soils
Growing Conditions: grows best in sandy, well-drained soils, limestone
+ wetland birds feed on seeds or spikelets tolerates seasonal flooding
Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat fruit
based soils
Wildlife value + Benefits: flowers attract long-tongued insects + hummingbirds, finches + buntings eat seeds (Native Americans used crushed seeds to attract amorous attention)
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, tolerant of heat, humidity +
Form: 3-4’ tall, erect stem, showy clump former, 4-8” wide terminal pyramidal cluster of flowers
Phlox paniculata
Polemoniaceae
Color + Season: blooms June to October, pink to purple flower, seasonal interest until first frost
S F W S
‘Manhattan Blue’ Juniper Juniperus virginiana
Color + Season: blue-green needles with purplish cast in winter, waxy blue
S F W S
Growing Conditions: tolerant of most conditions but prefers slighty
hummingbirds
Form: 2-4’ tall, erect, slender, linear grass-like leaves clumped towards base of plant, showy flower cluster, feathery appearance
Liatris spicata
Asteraceae
Color + Season: tall spike of rose-purple flowers arranged in a long, dense
Magnolia stellata
Panicle Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata
Growing Conditions: grows best on moist, average soils; tolerates clay
PERENNAIL BORDER
Form: 10-20’ tall and spread, deciduous large shrub or small tree, fountain-like branching, course texture
Hydrangeaceae
Color + Season: high quality foliage, dark green leaves, white flowers
spike blooming from top down, blooms July to September
S F W S
S F W S
soil + drought
green leaves
many birds + mammals
Smooth Sumac
Rhus glabra
S F W S
S F W S
+ leaves, because drupes persist through fall and winter months, a ready food source
Growing Conditions: moist fertile acidic soil Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant, provides seeds for birds, rabbits
Boxwood
+ deer
Buxus sempervirens
Poaceae
Form: 10-14’ tall, 8-12’ wide, multistemmed shrub or small tree, irregular to rounded, medium texture, arching branches, suckers readily
S F W S
Color + Season:
SHRUB
Form: 2-5’ tall, loose upright tufts, bristly flower heads, 5-9” long floral
provides...
Form: 8-10’ tall and spread, multi-stemmed, suckering deciduous shrub
odora PoaceaeDaphne Thymelaeaceae
Color + Season: golden yellow stems tipped in pink or dark red in winter,
green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, late spring bloom with small clusters of white flowers, dark purple drupes
S F W S
Growing Conditions: tolerant of wide range of soils but prefers
drained soils and full sun
S F W S
Form: 2-3’ tall, erect, wiry clumps; bunchy or sod-forming grass
Bouteloua curtipendula BUTTERFLY PERENNIAL BORDER: fragrant walk
Form: 1-4’ tall, 12-18” spread, large pyramidal heads of flower clusters on strong stems mesic, texture,
Ranunculaceae
Growing Conditions: grows in dry to medium moisture, well-drained
S F W S
Growing Conditions: adaptable to variety of soil types and moisture levels
Wildlife value + Benefits: foraging food for livestock; erosion control;
attracts + feeds... Rudbeckia hirta Asteraceae pollinators birds insects
Form: 1-3’ tall, stems of scattered oval leaves covered with bristly hairs,
Purpletop
Tridens Flavus
Poacea
S F W S
flowers are 2-3’ wide
Form: 2-6’ tall, clumps, drooping branches bearing widely spaced reddishpurple spikelets
Growing Conditions: grows best in sandy, well-drained soils, limestone
hummingbirds, finches + buntings eat seeds (Native Americans used crushed seeds to attract amorous attention)
Big Bluestem
Form: 3-6’ (up to 9’)
Andropogon gerardii
Bottle Brush Grass Elymus hystrix
Poacea
provides...
Indian Grass
Form: 2-5’ tall, loose upright tufts, bristly flower heads, 5-9” long floral
spike
Growing Conditions: moist to slightly dry conditions, loamy or rocky soils
Growing Conditions: moist to dry, well-drained soils
Wildlife value + Benefits: grazing + nesting material, attracts butterflies
‘Cloud Nine’ Switchgrass
Sorghastrum nutans
Color + Seasons: greyish green to dark green leaves, flowers bloom in summer, showy brown + green flowers, flower heads persist well into autumn
Color + Seasons: showy golden-yellow ray flowers S F with W S a brown central core, looms June to October
Wildlife value + Benefits: provides food, nesting, + cover to lifestock and wildlife; palatable + nutritious; upland game birds + songbirds eat seeds; Skipper butterflies; erosion control
color texture
shelter
Growing Conditions: adaptable to range of soil conditions but refers welldrained soils and full sun
Color + Season: red to copper colored flower; blooms July to August Growing Conditions: warm season native perennial; average to moist soil; resistant to flattening by snow
Color + Seasons: blooms purple from August - November; brown
otherwise
semi-evergreen, green to blue-green leaf
based soils
acts as...
larval host nesting site
Black-eyed Susan
Color + Season: a nodding, red + yellow flower, blooms February to July,
Poaceae
blooming aster; deep blue-green foliage
extremely drought + cold tolerant
Wildlife value + Benefits:
Form: up to 2’ tall, drooping bell-like flowers, attractive round-lobed leaves
Wildlife value + Benefits: flowers attract long-tongued insects +
drought, fragrant leaves
Growing Conditions: can grow on wide range of soil types,
Wildlife value + Benefits: palatable to whitetailed deer, high nutritional value, attracts butterflies, pollinators, and can provide shelter.
Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, rich, sandy-humusy, well-
soils, prefers poor, sandy or rocky soils with good drainage
Color + Seasons: warm season grass, blue-green foliage, unique purple
Poacea
winter
March to April; glossy evergreen leaves edged with warm cream; red fruits in July to August
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, tolerant of heat, humidity +
color, sun, horizontal + vertical layers, unexpected turns, enclosedflowers, + exposed blooms July to September
Color + Seasons: blue-violet flower, blooms August to October, an early
Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, tan in
Color + Season: reddish purple flowers with palish pink insides, blooms
Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil
Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis
Color + Season: brown disks with yellow rays flowers, blooms July to September
Sideoats Gram
Form: 3-4’ tall, 2-4’ spread, shrub with thick, glossy evergreen leaves; termial inflorescences
insects
butterflies, tolerates deer, erosion control, hedge
Coreopsis tripteris
Asteraceae
Form: 4-6’, clumps
foliage gives off a distinct fragrance, good for hedges + mass plantings
Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant flowers, attracts bees + other
Tall Coreopsis Form: 2-8’ tall, 2-8’ spread, slender erect stems Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds; erosion control, pollution tolerant
GROUND
Wildlife value + Benefits: great for bees, attracts wildlife to feed + nest,
drained soils with neutral pH, hardy to zone 7
consistently moist, well-drained soils
Wildlife value + Benefits: dark drupes attractive to birds, attracts
Wildlife value + Benefits: grazing + nesting material, attracts butterflies + caterpillers of cross-line skipper, broad-winged skipper, little glassywing skipper, large wood nymph; a colonizing perennial; fast growth rate
leaves, fragrant flowers bloom April to May
of 6 or greater
‘Cloud Nine’ Winter Daphne Switchgrass ‘Aureomarginata’
transplanted + established, fragrant
S F W S
Growing Conditions: adaptable to range of soil conditions but refers well-
Color + Season: evergreen, dark green above, lighter yellow green below
clay soils, very adaptable
Wildlife value + Benefits: fruit attracts birds + other wildlife, easily
Winter Flameflowers bloom in Color + Seasons: greyish green to dark green leaves, Cornus sanguinea Cornaceae summer, showy brown + green flowers, flower heads persist well into autumn
Form: 15-20’ tall with equal spread, dense, multi-branched evergreen shrub, rounded or gumdrop form, architectural, foliage to the ground, medium to fine texture
Growing Conditions: requires moisture, prefers limestone soils with pH
Growing Conditions: tolerant of moist + dry soils; some sand to some
color texture food Growing Conditions: moist to slightly dry conditions, loamy or rocky soils shelter
Poacea
bright-red, hairy berries in erect, pyramidal clusters, persist through winter
Growing Conditions: most dry soils, drought tolerant Wildlife value + Benefits: birds, insects, and mammals consume fruits
with redding base, bloom late January to March
S F W S
Color + Seasons: blooms purple from August - November; brown
Form: 10-20’ shrub with short, crooked, leaning trunks and picturesque branches, suckering Color + Season: leaves colorful in fall; yellow-green flowers followed by
Form: 6-20’ tall, 8-10’ spread, multi-stemmed, large shrub or small tree loosely branched, upright oval outline in youth to rounded + spreading with age Color + Season: yellow to yellow orange fall foliage, showy; yellow flowers
Caprifoliaceae
spike
white to pink-tinged flowers; reddish-green, knobby aggregate fruit opens in fall, orange red seeds, ornamental bark
adaptable
Hamamelidaceae
Nannyberry
Elymus hystrix
Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, organic, fertile soil, relatively
Anacardiaceae
Witchhazel Hybrid ‘Primavera’
Hamamelis x intermedia
Vibernum lentago
Bottle Brush Grass
Color + Season: medium to dark green leaves emerge with a bronze cast;
S F W S
Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant blossoms, provide shelter + food for
Wildlife value + Benefits: strong scented flowers
Growing Conditions: grows best in rich, moist acidic soils Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds, butterflies + bees,
Form: up to 10’ tall, small tree or large shrub, multi-stemmed, upright + spreading branching, rounded or oval shape, dense-compace, twiggy nature
Magnoliaceae
maturing to pink, blooms July into September, panicle up to 8” long and 6” wide, flower color changes with soil type
Growing Conditions: requires moist, organic, fertile soil, salt tolerant
Form: 2-4’ tall, dense, rounded terminal, head-like cluster of tubular flowers
S F W S
Form: 2-6’ tall, clumps, drooping branches bearing widely spaced reddish-
STOCK
Star Magnolia ‘Royal Star’
cones
Blazing Star
SUB-CANOPY
purple spikelets
acidic, well-drained soils, pH adaptable
Wildlife value + Benefits: many birds + small mammals eat berry-like
fragrant, old medicinal use
otherwise
fragrance hedge
Form: up to 12-16’ tall, 6-7’ spread, evergreen tree, medium texture, compact + dense growth, conical shape in youth, opens with age
Cupressaceae
berry-like cones, reddish brown bark shreds in long strips
Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, loamy soils Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant flowers, attracts butterflies +
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds, butterflies, hummingbirds
STOCK
semi-evergreen, green to blue-green leaf
Wildlife value + Benefits: many insects thrive on this species; ducks, rails
provides...
Fall Phlox
pollinators birds insects hummingbirds small mammals
NATIVE MEADOW
S F W S
Aquilegia canadensis
Color + Season: brilliant red fruit (on female plant) from late summer well
drought, fragrant leaves
Color + Season: scarlet red flowers, blooms May to late summer dark
Poacea
oval to rounded form, suckers and forms large clumps
Form: 2-4’ fall, loose tuft of leafy culms
soils, prefers poor, sandy or rocky soils with good drainage
Lamiaceae
Tridens Flavus
S F W S
drained soils
Monarda didyma
The design is also about experiencing the transition through and across ecotones and ecologies. Plants are selected based on their wildlife value, juxtaposing and Purpletop layering properties, and visual contrasts throughout the year. Ornamental grasses change the scale of the site in the summer, and bouquets of dried perennials, golden grasses, and evergreens dominate in the winter.
Ilex verticillata
Fringed Sedge
Form: 6-10’ tall, deciduous, multi-stemmed upright + spreading shrub,
Aquifoliaceae
September
Wildlife value + Benefits: songbirds + small mammals
RIPARIAN VALLEY: cool stroll
walk
Winterberry Holly
Color + Season: brown disks with yellow rays flowers, blooms July to
Growing Conditions: moist to dry woods + swamps
Form: up to 2’ tall, drooping bell-like flowers, attractive round-lobed leaves
Wild Columbine
Form: 2-8’ tall, 2-8’ spread, slender erect stems
Yellow Violet
Viola pubescens
Scarlet Bee-Balm
Poaceae
Family
S F W S
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds; erosion control, pollution tolerant
Form: 4-6’, clumps
Smooth Blue Aster Aster laevis
Asteraceae
S F W S
Bouteloua curtipendula
Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat seeds, nectar bees, butterflies, Poacea insects, larval host, high deer resistance
Form: 1-4’ tall, 12-18” spread, large pyramidal heads of flower clusters on strong stems Color + Seasons: blue-violet flower, blooms August to October, an early blooming aster; deep blue-green foliage
S F W S
Growing Conditions: tolerates light shade, moist soil but drought tolerant once established
Color + Seasons: warm season grass, blue-green foliage, unique purple flowers, blooms July to September
Big Bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Poaceae
Growing Conditions: can grow on wide range of soil types,
S F W S
extremely drought + cold tolerant
Black-eyed Form: 1-6’ tall, 1-2’ spread, erect leafy stems, oftenSusan in clusters; showy Rudbeckia hirta Asteraceae flower in 8” terminal spikes
tolerates...
Campanulaceae
Form: 1-3’ tall, stems of scattered oval leaves covered with bristly hairs, flowers are 2-3’ wide Color + Seasons: showy golden-yellow ray flowers with a brown central core, looms June to October
S F W also S Color + Seasons: red flower, blooms July to October; white and rose Growing Conditions: moist to dry, well-drained soils
pollution Growing Conditions: grows in rich, humusy, medium to wet soils, deer tolerates wet soil drought Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts + depends on hummingbirds for pollination, attracts butterflies, tolerates deer + rabbits erosion
colored forms
GROUND
Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis
Campanulaceae
GROUND
POLLINATOR NATIVE WILDFLOWER MEADOW: whistling meanderPOLLINATOR NATIVE WILDFLOWER MEADOW: whistling meander mesic, sun, color, moving, textured, horizontal layers, ephemeral, tolerant, exposed
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, palatable + nutritious to grazing species, provides cover for small mammals and songbirds
Color + Season: red to copper colored flower; blooms July to August
Growing Conditions: warm season native perennial; average to moist soil; resistant to flattening by snow
wildlife; palatable + nutritious; upland game birds + songbirds eat seeds; Skipper butterflies; erosion control
value, attracts butterflies, pollinators, and can provide shelter.
Lobelia cardinalis
Form: 3-6’ (up to 9’)
Wildlife value + Benefits: provides food, nesting, + cover to lifestock and
Wildlife value + Benefits: palatable to whitetailed deer, high nutritional
Cardinal Flower
Color + Season: blue-green leaves turn yellow in fall, tan in winter
Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil Wildlife value + Benefits:
Form: 2-3’ tall, erect, wiry clumps; bunchy or sod-forming grass
Wildlife value + Benefits: foraging food for livestock; erosion control;
Growing Conditions: adaptable to variety of soil types and moisture levels
Form: 3-4’ clumps
Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, tan in winter
+ caterpillers of cross-line skipper, broad-winged skipper, little glassywing skipper, large wood nymph; a colonizing perennial; fast growth rate
Sideoats Gram
24 | Hayes
Form: 10-20’ shrub with short, crooked, leaning trunks and picturesque branches, suckering
Form: 6-12” tall, 3-6” spread, best form in masses of sweeping drifts
Color + Season: yellow to yellow orange fall foliage, showy; yellow flowers
Growing Conditions: grows best in rich, moist acidic soils
Drifting Ecotones Nursery captures the diversity of Virginia’s native ecosystems by using its nursery stock to create and express the ecotones between four different ecologies. In the drifting ecotones, ecologies are in tension but a productive environment arises from this tension.BUTTERFLY From the push and pull between BORDER: the permanent PERENNIAL fragrant display gardens and temporary stock and the ebb and flow of plant availability through the seasons, the stock acts as a zipper between two ecosystems. The nursery essentially stocks the seeds of these ecosystems in the space set by the ecotones of stock.
Snowdrops
Hamamelidaceae
fragrant, old medicinal use
Spring 2012 Professors: Julie Bargmann + Cole Burrell
Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant blossoms, provide shelter + food for
many birds + mammals
drained soils, will tolerate full sun
loosely branched, upright oval outline in youth to rounded + spreading withrange of soil types age Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds, deer love, easily divided
Wildlife value + Benefits: early successional, erosion control
young leaves slightly tinted copper or red-brown, deciduous, will bloom when temperature is below freezing
Growing Conditions: best in humus rich soils, medium moisture, wellWildlife value + Benefits: fragrant
and small mammals
Form: 6-20’ tall, 8-10’ spread, multi-stemmed, large shrub or small tree
GROUND Hamamelis x intermedia
Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, organic, fertile soil, relatively adaptable Color + Season: green flowers, early flowering in late winter early spring, Form: 14-22” tall, bold foliage, clumps
Wildlife value + Benefits: buds + catkins important winter food for birds
on range of soil types including raw mineral soil
S F W S
Ranunculaceae
ertile, can tolerate dry gravelly soils
organic matter, spread by creeping rhizomes
Christmas Fern
Color + Season: scarlet red flowers, blooms May to late summer dark
pink before maturing to glossy deep green
Growing Conditions: prefers consistently moist, humusy soils rich in Wildlife value + Benefits:
Witchhazel Hybrid ‘Primavera’
‘Double Queen’
maturing to pink, blooms July into September,Hoppanicle Hornbeamup to 8” long and 6”Form: 25-50’ tall, 20-35’ spread, upright and spreading branching due to its spreading habit Ostrya virginian wide, flower color changes with soil type Platanaceae Color + Season: red-brown flowers bloom in May; green to tan nutlet fruit
S F W S
Form: 2-4’ tall, dense, rounded terminal, head-like cluster of tubular flowers
Lamiaceae
quail, pheasants, other birds (goldfinch), and deer; butterfly larvae host
Form: 1.5-2.5’ tall and spread, arching fronds, behaves like groundcover
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds, butterflies, hummingbirds
Monarda didyma
white to pink-tinged flowers; reddish-green, knobby aggregate fruit opens in fall, orange red seeds, ornamental bark
Wildlife value + Benefits: Eastern redbud seeds or pods are eaten by
for native bees and butterflies; insects in turn attract insect-eating birds such as kinglets, phoebes, pine warblers and others
Color + Season: high quality foliage, dark green leaves, white flowers
Growing Conditions: grows best on moist, average soils; tolerates clay
Color + Season: medium to dark green leaves emerge with a bronze cast;
Growing Conditions: rich, well-drained soil in partial sun to partial shade for long-term optimum performance; relatively soil tolerant
and moisture, often growing on extreme sites
Wildlife value + Benefits: flowers are one of the earliest nectar sources
Autumn Fern
Form: up to 10’ tall, small tree or large shrub, multi-stemmed, upright + spreading branching, rounded or oval shape, dense-compace, twiggy nature
Form: 20-30 tall; 25-35 spread, spreading, flat-topped to rounded crown; branches down to ground Color + Season: bloom pink in April; yellow in fall
S F W S
Magnoliaceae
Growing Conditions: tolerates air pollution, tolerates wide range of soils
S F W S
Hydrangeaceae
spike blooming from top down, blooms July to September
Scarlet Bee-Balm
Fabaceae
Magnolia stellata
Color + Season: Deep red flowers appear in early to mid-April; scarlet red
Acer rubrum
Color + Season: tall spike of rose-purple flowers arranged in a long, dense
soil + drought
Star MagnoliaEastern Redbud ‘Royal Star’Cercis canadensis
evergreens ground cover Form: 10-20’ tall and spread, deciduous large shrub or small tree, fountain-like branching, course texture winter interest Wildlife value + Benefits: many birds + small mammals eat berry-like
Form: 2-4’ tall, erect, slender, linear grass-like leaves clumped towards
SPRING
Color + Season: blue-green needles with purplish cast in winter, waxy blue
Cupressaceae
Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, loamy soils hummingbirds
WINTER
Form: up to 12-16’ tall, 6-7’ spread, evergreen tree, medium texture, compact + dense growth, conical shape in youth, opens with age
Juniperus virginiana
S F W S
‘Shenandoah’Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans Switchgrass Family
Panicum virgatum
Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat seeds, nectar bees, butterflies,
Poacea
S F W S
Form: 3-4’ clumps
Form: 4-6’, clumps
Color + Season: blue-green leaves turn yellow in fall, tan in winter
Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn intense red in fall, color deepens through season
Growing Conditions: tolerates light shade, moist soil but drought tolerant once established
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, palatable + nutritious to
insects, larval host, high deer resistance
grazing species, provides cover for small mammals and songbirds
Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil + salt air Form: 1-6’ tall, 1-2’ spread, erect leafy stems, often in clusters; showy flower in 8” terminal spikes Color + Seasons: red flower, blooms July to October; also white and rose
colored forms
Growing Conditions: grows in rich, humusy, medium to wet soils, tolerates wet soil
Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts + depends on hummingbirds for pollination, attracts butterflies, tolerates deer + rabbits
‘Shenandoah’ Switchgrass
Panicum virgatum
Poacea
Form: 4-6’, clumps
Wildlife value + Benefits:
Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn intense red in fall, color deepens through season Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil + salt air
S F W S
Wildlife value + Benefits:
0
4’
8’
KATE HAYES | PLANTED FORM + FUNCTION | SPRING 2012
DRIFTING ECOTONES KATE HAYES | PLANTED FORM + FUNCTION | SPRING 2012
Shifting nursery stock
0
Andropogon gerardii Schizachyrium scoparium
Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’ Tridens flavus Elymus hystrix Aster laevis ‘Bluebird’ Rudbeckia hirta
RIPARIAN VALLEY Platanus occidentalis,
Magnolia stellata ‘Royal Star’
Betula nigra ‘Heritage’
Cornus sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fire’
Amelanchier arbora
Vibernum lentago ‘Pink Beauty’
Salix chaenomeloides
Buxus sempervirens ‘Green Velvet’
Panicum virgatum ‘Cloud Nine’
fragrant walk
KATE HAYES | PLANTED FORM + FUNCTION | SPRING 2012
DRIFTING ECOTONES
whistling meander
Sorghastrum nutans
stock
Juniperus virginiana ‘Manhattan Blue’
Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Primavera’ Hydrangea paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ Rhus glabra Liatris spicata
Carpinus caroliniana Ilex verticillata Carex crinita Viola pubescens
Phlox paniculata ‘Fall Phlox’
Pycanthemum virginianum
Aquilegia canadensis
Lobelia cardinalis
Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’
Monarda didyma ‘Fireball’
Coreopsis tripteris ‘Lightening Flash’
Lobelia siphilita Asclepias incarnata
stock
4’
8’
PIEDMONT WOODLAND Acer rubrum ‘Autumn Flame’ Ostrya virginiana Cercis canadensis, Rebud
shady hike
stock
cool stroll
POLLINATOR MEADOW
PERENNIAL BORDER
Helleborus odorus ‘Double Queen’ Hosta sieboldiana ‘Frances Williams’ Polystichum acrostichoides Dryopteris erythrosora Galanthus elwesii
Early design development plan
0 8’ 16’
Overall site plan
Hayes | 25
Fagus grandifolia
26 | Hayes
Amelanchier arborea
Rhus typhinia
Site Reading
Diagramming
G e o g r ap hic In f o r m atio n Sy s te m (GIS)
CAD + Detail Design
Ar tist Book
Collaboration
SKILLS Hayes | 27
Speed, tempo, and rhythm of movement and space Cardboard, clay, mesh site model
Site Reading: Installation, Collage, Model Skills: modeling, Photoshop digital collage, installation Process is integral to design, and these investigations are examples of initial site explorations into the greater area of Observatory Hill, Charlottesville. The installation suggests movement, the breaking down of barriers, the changing ground surface, and the creation of new space. The model explores notions of the ground: two fields combining at a seam with a structural, underlying geology. And the collage is a study of the speed, tempo, and rhythm of human movement and space around Observatory Hill.
28 | Hayes
100’ sinuous path raked through the woods
Site Reading: Rain Garden Spatial Sequence Skills: on-site drawing, perspective drawing, drafting
Hayes | 29
Diagramming: The Academical Village Skills: conceptual model making, diagramming by hand Model: one-week team project; Diagrams: individual work
30 | Hayes
Environmental Injustice Environmental Injustice in in Washington Washington D.C.: D.C.: Race, Race, Waste, Waste, and and Water Water Kate Hayes | SARC 5555 Kate Hayes | SARC 5555
mental Injustice in Washington D.C.: Race, Waste, and Water
SARC 5555
Total Population African American Total Population 25African - 650 American
water discharge points
25 - -650 650 1500
k k
water discharge points toxic release inventory
650 - 1500 1500-2250 1500-2250 2250 - 3000 2250 - 5000 3000 3000 3000 - 5000
Demographics + Topography (Hillshade) Demographics + Topography (Hillshade) Demographics + Topography
0
0.75 1.5
3 Miles
0
0.75 1.5
3 Miles
¯ ¯
Contamination Contamination Contamination
toxic release inventory combined sewer outfalls
0
0.75 1.5
3 Miles
combined sewer outfalls
0
0.75 1.5
3 Miles
¯ ¯
k k
Total Population African American 25 - 650 650 - 1500
k
toxic release inventory
1500-2250 2250 - 3000
0
3000 - 5000
hics + Topography (Hillshade)
k k
water discharge points
0.75 1.5
¯
3 Miles
combined sewer outfalls
3 Miles
¯
k k
25 650- -650 1500 650 - 1500 1500-2250
kk kk k kk k
1500-2250 2250 - 3000 2250 3000 -- 3000 5000
kkkk kkkkk k k k k k k k k k
k k
Potomac River watershed
k k k k 1.5 k k
Potomac River watershed Anacostia River watershed
0
0.75
Anacostia River watershed
0
0.75 1.5
3000 - 5000
Contamination Source Points Contamination Source Points
water discharge points
k
water discharge points toxic release inventory toxic release inventory combined sewer outfalls
kk kk
k k k k k
combined sewer outfalls
Combined Sewer System Watersheds Combined Sewer System Watersheds 3 Miles 3 Miles
k k
¯ ¯
points of river access points of river access
Points of Access Points of access Points of Access
Potomac River watershed
Potomac River watershed Anacostia River watershed 0 0.75 1.5
Anacostia River watershed LEGEND: 0 0.75 1.5
3 Miles
¯
¯ k points of river access Population points of river access African American kTotal 3 Miles
k
k k
25 - 650
GIS:
1.5 1.5
3 Miles 3 Miles
¯¯
2250 - 3000
k
Race, Waste + Water: Environmental Justice in Washing ton DC
3000 - 5000
k k
Contamination Source Points water discharge points
k
toxic release inventory combined sewer outfalls
kk
k k k
Combined Sewer System Watersheds
Potomac River watershed
Sewer System Watersheds
k
1500-2250
k k kkkk k k
River watershed Skills: GISAnacostia data analysis, Illustrator
0 0
k
Data Source: http://data.dc.gov and DC Water Data Source: http://data.dc.gov and DC Water
650 - 1500
kk
k k
k k
25 - 650
Contamination
Combined Sewer System Watersheds Combined Sewer System Watersheds Combined Sewer System Watersheds
LEGEND: 0 0.75 1.5 LEGEND: Total Population African American Total Population African American
k k
0
k k k
0.75 1.5
Points of Access
k 3 Miles
Potomac River watershed
points of river access
¯
Anacostia River watershed 0 0.75 1.5
k
points of river access
3 Miles
¯
0
1.5
3 Miles
¯
Data Source: http://data.dc.gov and DC Water
Hayes | 31
Meadow Cultivation
Limb-Up Trees
Unpruned Forest
Detail Design:
maintenance
F o r t To t t e n , W a s h i n g t o n D . C . Skills: grading, detail design, planted form, AutoCAD Plan + section: group work; detail: individual work Working from the detail scale up to the site scale, this intervention for the Civil War’s Fort Totten incorporated individually designed details into a collaborative scheme for the entire park. With a focus on maintenance regimes and topography, this detail design for a series of step platforms negotiates these historical earthworks and encourages circulation in areas of the park currently dominated by shrubs and brush. Building off this detail design, the design for the entire park registers subtle changes and exaggerations of topography and vegetation. Formal moves catalyze emergent uses and movement. Building off this tension of formal and informal circulation, the design for a park implies future circulation to enhance connectivity and topography and to imbue a sense of identity and place within a park that is not widely recognized as a historic Civil War fort.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
circulation
Pine Groves
Shrub Borders
Orchard
planted form 0’
32 | Hayes
200’
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
E-W section through earthworks
100’
2” = 1’-0”
soil
5”
8”
5”
steel metal mesh 2”
2.5”
bolts cast in concrete
2”
2”
2”
2”
2”
2”
2”
2”
concrete base
2”
0.5” 3”
2”
2”
3”
0.5” 2”
2”
3”
2”
0’
2”
steel welded mesh diameter = 0.3”
2” 2”
diameter = 1/2”
2”
50’
100’
Detail, grading + circulation interventions
screw, washer, nut
2” 2”
concrete
2”
steel i-beam
2”
2” = 1’-0” 0.5” 3”
2”
2”
3”
0.5” 2”
2”
3”
36” 2”
steel
1.5” 3”
welded
3”
diameter = 1/2”
3” 1.5”
concrete
4”
Detail AutoCAD drawings Hayes | 33
Book cover
A r t i s t ’s B o o k : R e g r o u n d i n g To p o g r a p h y Skills: basic book binding and embossing Professor: Julian Raxworthy Topography was originally the structural base of the Washington DC area. The 1902 McMillan Plan singled out the city’s topography as a significant resource and urged for the preservation of the Fort Circle Parks as open space. Today, topography is overrun by jurisdictional boundaries, infrastructure, and development, and we have lost the sense of and relationship with the ground. Regrounding the network, fort, and detail scales in topography through strategies of structural base, perspective, and aspect brings us back to the experience and feeling of topography, and challenges today’s superficial two-dimensional representations. 34 | Hayes
1. Network as Structural Base: Redefine the once dominant topographic bowl. Recognize that the streets are highly dependent on topograpy, and that the topography extends beyond the city limits.
2. Fort as Perspective: Physically, visually, and conceptually gain perspective by emphasizing the feeling that you are at the highest point in the city. Bring back the ability to place yourself in the city based on the topography.
3. Detail as Aspect: Understand earthworks as intentional topographic constructions in the landscape. Highlight and repurpose them based on aspect and the different feelings of being adjacent to, outside, or inside these spaces.
Hayes | 35
urban dictionary: 1. an exclamation of astonishment or approval; 2. an exclamation generally used for something positive or in the affirmative. usually used in the deep south
1_DREAM: The Rivanna River is no longer a natural river; it is impossible to restore it to its native, pre-settlement state. Instead, we suggest an alternative future for the Rivanna, one based on keeping people in the city and collectively helping them recognize the wild in their own backyards.
THE BEACON Penn Park
label and write a sentance text for all drawings
James River
So
uth
we st
Mts
idg eM ts eR Blu
Ap
pa
lac
ha
in
Mts
Rivanna River
Rivanna River’s context of surrounding mountains and valleys
THE “OLYMPIC” TORCH Darden Towe Park
25
0/
Ric
hm
on
2_PROPOSAL: HOT DAM is a network of dams that pulls in the surrounding neighborhoods to activate and revitalize the Rivanna’s waterfront. A series of Rivanna check dams will eddy and tumble water, transforming sections of the river into dynamic, multifunctional fountains and outdoor rooms for civic gathering. The spectacle of bonfires at each dam refigures ordinary engineering into extraordinary places. People will walk out above the water, cross the river on dam segments and footbridges, dip into swimming holes, and gather around public hearths. HOT DAM will become a hot destination for Charlottesville citizens and visitors.
dR
d
Material Construction
Hig
hS
t
3_URBAN WILD: By recognizing and capitalizing on the wild in our city, HOT DAM promotes a fresh vision of urban nature that heightens awareness of the Rivanna
THE FLAME THROWER Circus Grounds
within the city’s boundaries.
Dammed Water Levels
THE BONFIRE Riverview Park Ma
rke
The Rivanna, with its wildness captured and amplified by cascading water and jumping flames, will again constitute a gathering space of great import. The Rivanna had long been the primary locus for the lives of the region’s native Monacans, and for the Europeans, Africans, and Americans who cultivated Virginia’s Piedmont. These people initially traveled, gathered, plowed, and settled on the Rivanna. We envision a revitalized river again providing centers of gravity, wilderness, and civilization, experienced by remaining within our community rather than by traveling away from it.
tS
t
Hydrology and Viewsheds
4_PEOPLE: Fire takes on different characteristics to create rooms in and on , thereby encouraging playful gathering, recreation, and cross-community continuity.
THE LUMINAIRE Woolen Mills
C ollaboration: The Rivanna River All-School Competition Charlottesville, January 2013 Co-led group of 12 students, one-week long charrette Honorable Mention Award from Adriaan Geuze
The design starts away from the river, using clear paths to help channel people to the Rivanna just as the river itself channels water from the Blue Ridge to the James on the way to the Atlantic beyond. On the north stands a UVA rehabilitation center that relies upon the park stretched along the river as a healing and restorative landscape. On the south is Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello. In between we have rooms of water, hearths of fire, places of residence, recreation, and restaurants, fish culture, canoe rentals, and local food markets. The design draws upon, frames, and then extends to the future a rich web of history, culture, and environment that is based on the experience of urban nature, a perspective that goes beyond traditional agendas of the restoration
HOT DAM layered construction of “The Flame Thrower”
I-6
4
of a “Scenic River.”
Mo
nti
ce
llo
HOT DAM! is a network of multi-functional dams that pulls in the surrounding neighborhoods to activate and revitalize this waterfront. These dams eddy and tumble water to create moments of spectacle, transforming an ordinary infrastructure into a main destination. 36 | Hayes
TEAM 20
C ollaboration: Conser vation through Development
Weaving and stitching our conceptual strategy onto a 1.5 x 3 meter canvas
Lattrop, Netherlands, Fall 2011 European Master in Landscape Architecture Program Group project of 12 international students The Lattrop landscape is unique for its “essen� which are topographically higher fields formed by centuries of farmers adding sod and manure to improve the soil. This group proposal repurposes this esche-scape for current development and conservation needs. Hayes | 37
“Idealizing a distant wilderness too often means not idealizing the environment in which we actually live, the landscape that for better or worse we call home” “Wildness is in our own backyards, of the nature that is all around us if only we have the eyes to see it” --William Cronon
38 | Hayes
THESIS Hayes | 39
The Wild Anacostia: cultivating a thick edge t ypolog y through ever yday experience Spring 2013 Thesis advisors: Elizabeth K. Meyer + Leena Cho Collaborating with the Anacostia Watershed Society + Anacostia Community Musuem (Smithsonian Institute) Many urban rivers today can be labeled as “thin parks,” physically and spatially separated from their surrounding communities. This design thesis harnesses the momentum from President Obama’s America’s Great Outdoors Initiative and the narratives associated with Anacostia River in Washington DC, to cultivate a “thick edge” typology for urban rivers. By catalyzing human appropriation and drawing on everyday activities, this thick edge, expressed in the form of a trail, walk, and path network, acts as a guide for discovering and fostering a stronger, reciprocal relationship with the urban wild.
to C hes
ape
ake
Bay
With a trail, walk, and path network that both adds and adapts to the existing Anacostia River Trail, this design is site specific yet replicable to other urban national parks through four main thickening strategies. These four strategies bring renewed life back to a river that has historically been misconceived and branded as the “Forgotten River.”
A thick edge: this landscape framework plan reveals the Anacostia’s complex layers of fluxes and flows, embedding the river in its context 40 | Hayes
water crossing
tidal ground
impervious ground
An
toxic ground
aco
stia
Ave SE
k
h
t or
r Pa
VE R
ilw
OS
TI
A
RI
s rd
or
th
n Ke
wa to
Riverview Terrace Community
AN
AC
N
I-29 5`
bus stop
PEPCO Benning Plant
Fort Circle Parks system
K
WAL
infiltration creeping vegetation
culverted stream historical tributary oga tion
3’ tidal
TRAIL PLANTED FORM: whisping grasses
nta
neo u
sp
MATERIALS: rhythmic ground plane
drifts
signals movement
guides views casts shadows
smooth
contrasting
hollow
reflecting
vibrating
signaling
crunching
spo
secretive
topographic
trampled
historical seawall
contaminants in sediment
rop
PATH
Ideograms + models: By highlighting historical and socio-ecological conditions, sites on the Anacostia can be categorized into four main conditions based on the relationship between land and water: impervious ground, tidal ground, toxic ground, and water crossing. Hayes | 41
The Anacostia’s watershed is highly urbanized. Through a series of reclamation acts, the river itself was dredged, the marshes drained, and a seawall built to contain the river, reinforcing this thin typology.
176 square miles
north to Maryland regional trails
800,000 residents
Bladensburg, MD
43 fish species
a
a
ne tw or k wa of te tra rs ils he an d ur of ba flo ni ws ze d wa te rs he d
200 bird species
Legend
2
1
0
2 Miles
Legend
2
1
0
2 Miles
clear the forests tidal marshes develop the marshes
Benn
ing Ro ad
Bri
dg e
ck d tra
n
oa
Railr
19
42
-
20 1968: K 13 enilw : e orth L xis andf tin ill in o g perat co ion nd iti o
an
pl
po
al
:p
ro
ori
91 18
18
91
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tin
se
g
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co
nd
dr ed
gi
iti
ng
on
e ft h Pe te ba r C th . H ym ai et n’s ry M su ap rv ey o a
19 14 19 : An 16 ac 19 : Kin ostia 28 gm Riv a 19 : tw e 30 o is n + r Fla H ’s: la t wa nd erita s Ac te s in ge t rg at Kin Isla n e to gma ds m Kin n gm Lak ade an e m fro La ad m d e ke fro red ge m m ne a w br teria id ge l dr ed ge s
ac An
lan tP nf an C. L’E re ier
ge
rid
tB
Fre S C deri ap ck D ito l S oug tre lass et SW Mem
ee Str
:P
th
17
s
CSX
11
fill the “flats”
ilip Pe So nn us sy a lva Bri nia dg Av e e
dge
1 Miles
Whitney Young Memorial Bridge East Capitol Street (1955 extented)
Ph
Bri
0.5
g Jr
0.25
Kin
0
n
er
south to Blue Plains
Jo h
Luth
deepen the channel
tin
91
tidal mud flats
Mar
os
tia
1861 Benning Bridge constructed
Th e Forgot ten River Many people are unaware of the Anacostia River’s location or potential in our nation’s capital. With over 90% of the adjacent land government-owned, there is a great opportunity to transform this urban river into a “thick edge.” The National Park Service and America’s Great Outdoors are leading the design and construction of the Anacostia River Trail, highlighted as an innovative model for urban national parks around the country. As urban national parks are some of the most visited parks around the country, the Anacostia River Trail provides an opportunity for a new strategy for experiencing the urban wild, one that grows and changes over time, and supports and encourages human appropriation of the wild instead of isolating and separating it. It is an urban wild that is not about escaping our everyday lives but is about inspiring and interpreting the wild in our own backyards. 42 | Hayes
The construction of asphalt trails separate human experience from dynamic processes in the landscape and reinforce the mythlogy of wilderness
+HP
Anacostia River +HP
trail
+HP
+HP
walk
NPS Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens
existi
Eastern Senior High School
Thicken by widening (impervious ground): RFK Stadium + site for future development
Thicken by encompassing (tidal ground): Kenilworth Marsh + Aquatic Gardens
ng boar dwa lk
Kenilworth Landfill
Gol ston + La ng
.0
il 3
tra
o reline
Anac ostia
ic sh
Rive
r
King man
E Capitol St NE
wa ter
to
his
r
King man
walk
Lake
DC Armory
r
Mayfair Neighborhood
Anac ostia
l ai tr
nels
King man
Islan
d
Rive
water
0
1.
lk
swale s
wa
+ run
St. Coletta Charter School
.0
il 4
tra
Isla nd
RFK Stadium
trail 2.0
f Co
urse
Heritage Island
tra
il
Emergency Service Complex
400’
Educare
re tr ail
200’
Cezar Chaves Middle + High School Thomas Elementary School
futu
0
Thicken by multiplying (toxic ground): Kenilworth Landfill + Park
ex is
g
tra il
CS I-2 X 95 Ra ilw ay
tin
PEPCO Benning Power Plant
Thickening Strategies The lines of a trail, walk, and path network give form to and thicken – both the spatial dimension and the awareness of – the Anacostia and break down and extend the boundaries of this urban river system by hybridizing the rhythms and movements of the daily lives of the community with those of the urban wild.
Benning
ia River
River Terrace Elementary School
Anacost
walk
tr ai
l
Kingman Lake
Road
outfall CSO
River Terrace Neighborhood sh or eli ne
Kingman Island
hist oric
These four thickening strategies encourage the interaction of everyday activities and a renewed relationship to water, from recreation and experience to cultivation and ownership. With the trace of the trail, the ritualized journey of the walk, and the discovery of the path, the designs of these threshold conditions engage all five senses through shape, materiality, topography, direction, and gradients of the wild, to draw on visible and invisible processes in the river landscape.
PEPCO Benning Plant
Metro line
Thicken by meandering (water crossing): River Terrace Park + Neighborhood Heritage Island
0
200’
400’
The Sites: the four site plans represent strategic plans for each thickening proposal. Hayes | 43
no existing trail on site
high tide
at construction
historic seawall
moss
dividing + directin
wid rrows in lies + na
water flow
low tide
ltip trail mu
existing condition
new soil seed bank
mud gravel
existing condition
t
l char
y tida
weekl
“safe to swim� level
n inatio ntam ring co monito
time + events
two-faced trail condition: toxic vs remediated ecologies
culverted stream
seeds sprout
th as sit
at construction
dry
ediated e is rem
months later
location
existing condition
observe + absorb
wildflowers bloom
prospect
central runnel begins
widen to filter biking
bench
at construction
5 years
shadows
1 year
trail multiplies to mark phased remediation process
spring summer
play + perform
trail splits into two to accommodate flood waters
widen to filter jogging
spring tide
10 years
floodplain
concrete extension
winter 2 years
fall
dry
wet
trail becomes concrete at top of landfill watershed
3 years
widen to filter lingering
1 year
engage + immerse
wildflowers bloom on remediated side
stained
low tide
dry
residual flood waters + sediment
3 years
grooves hold water
5 years
rumble strips to slow down
major event
replace aslphalt with concrete
cracking
high tide
trampled two ecologies become one
5 years
off-season
land to water
trail narrows again as it moves to higher ground
Thicken by widening: RFK Stadium + future development
Thicken by encompassing: Kenilworth Marsh + Aquatic Gardens
6 years
trail through forest canopy
Thicken by multiplying: Kenilworth Landfill + Park
Thicken by meandering: River Terrace Park + Neighborhood
The Trail: Conceptual and sequential cross sections and notational sequences reveal change over time in each thickening strategy, showing the trail construction and a weathering material palette of asphalt, concrete, and planted form. 44 | Hayes
RFK Stadium
Independence Ave
parking lots
DISTANCE: 0.2 miles, 260 paces TIME: 4 min walk, 2 min jog, 1 min bike FREQUENCY: ephemeral events, sport seasons
boat
fish
watch
linger jog bike walk trample
play
tailgate
50’
filter
0
filter
prepare
less frequent, more impact
100’
Thicken by widening: RFK Stadium + site for future development
DISTANCE: 0.5 miles, 660 paces TIME: 11 min walk, 6 min jog, 3.5 min bike
aquatic gardens
cultivate
plant
learn
watch
high tide
tide dependent
monitor sediment
kayak
flood
encompass
gauge water levels
swim
low tide
FREQUENCY: tidal dependent
tide dependent
0
50’
100’
Thicken by encompassing: Kenilworth Marsh + Aquatic
“...in the mid-1960s I drove to work daily on Rt. 295 past the city dump located on the river just north of Benning Road. My route to work at that time took me across the bridge there every day... They were still burning the trash at that time. If the wind was blowing from the west.... it was not uncommon for the visibility to drop to near zero on the highway and to see flaming pieces of paper and debris flying through the air.” –John Nichols, 1 February 2013
Thomas Elementary School
school yard
play phased frequency + impact
1 year
plant seed bank
trample
cut back branches
monitor soil
remediate
cultivate plants
2 years
mountain bike
wander
remediate
explore
3 years
5 years
point of prospect
enclose
DISTANCE: 0.4 miles, 528 paces TIME: 10 min walk, 5 min jog, 3 min bike FREQUENCY: school year, afternoons
0
50’
100’
Thicken by multiplying: Kenilworth Landfill + Park
DISTANCE: 0.15 miles, 200 paces TIME: 4 min walk, 2 min jog, 1 min bike FREQUENCY: school year, afternoons and summer 0
50’
100’
school yard play
file in line
trample
exercise
observe
learn
trample
play
immerse
engage
more frequent, less impact
Thicken by meandering: River Terrace Park + Neigh-
The Walk: Grounded by key cultural institutions in the community, the walk connects the movement and rhythms of everyday life in the community to the trail and river. Hayes | 45
RFK Stadium
trample vegetation
water
infiltrate
Thicken by Widening
th
path
pa
At RFK Stadium, a site slated for future development, the trail widens to filter different speeds of movement of water and people. The trail harnesses people from large sports events to trample, and thereby tend, plants growing on and along the trail. Here, the urban wild is most evident in this spontaneous vegetation, with gradients of wild expressed in the expanding and contracting bands of plants.
These perspectives highlight the filtering of movement and change over time of the trail, as well as the strangely familiar aspects of the urban wild that are expressed through the relationship of spontaneous vegetation and the trampling from large events. 46 | Hayes
slope away from river to increase infiltration time
regrade for better views
cantilevered concrete dock
spontaneous vegetation
+10 years
open views + access to river bike +10 years jog fish
10’
12’
existing trail
bike lane
8’
36’
8’
jogger’s lane
This detail of the widened strategy for RFK Stadium ties together the detail construction and dimensions with everyday activities and experience. Hayes | 47
swim once contamination levels drop
pa
th
Thicken by Encompassing At Kenilworth Marsh and Aquatic Gardens, the trail is designed to encompass flooding, registering and monitoring change on daily, annual, and generational time scales. Exaggerating micro-topography and marsh gradients, the trail splits around a central runnel, anticipating people moving aside to avoid low and wet spots. Here, the urban wild is expressed in a landscape of risk and the fear of the land changing shape so quickly with the incoming tide.
The relatively wetter concrete bed of the runnel gradually breaks down, overlapping recreational and ecological systems. Experimenting and monitoring are also incorporated in the trail’s use. 48 | Hayes
school children cultivate seed bank
Thicken by Multiplying At Kenilworth Landfill and Park, the trail is designed to reveal and mark the phased remediation process through a series of topographic asphalt trails that multiply, evolve, and break down from one edge of the landfill to the other. These trail berms emphasize the artifice of the site by exaggeration and creation of a two-faced condition: a remediated side and a contaminated side. A seed bank, cultivated by kids from Thomas Elementary School, heightens this contrast, highlighting the urban wild and the fear of the invisible. Phase I: trail heightens the contrast between remediated and toxic ground
Phase II: trail breaks down as landfill is remediated
Thicken by Meandering Signaling a culverted stream, a meandering group of trails mimics the pattern of the would-be stream and harnesses children’s play to interact with infrastructure. Connected to River Terrace Elementary, this schoolyard extension cultivates learning and highlights the urban wild of infrastructure, as the trail literally becomes immersed in concrete tunnels.
Engage + immerse
Play + perform
Observe + absorb Hayes | 49
KATE HAYES
khayes@virginia.edu | 202.215.1813 2817 Beechwood Circle, Arlington, VA 22207
EDUCATION University of Virginia, Master of Landscape Architecture, 2013 | Charlottesville, VA Completed design work, research, and/or teaching assistantships with Kristina Hill + Elizabeth K. Meyer
07.2010 – present
Danish Institute for Study Abroad | Copenhagen, Denmark
06.2008 – 08.2008
Stanford University, B.S. Earth Systems, 2008 | Stanford, CA Study abroad fall 2006, University of Queensland, Australia
09.2004 – 06.2008
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Landscape Architecture Intern, Dumbarton Oaks | Washington, D.C. Work in the historical gardens; pursue research categorizing the many unrealized visions and narratives of the Anacostia River Extern, Michael Van Valkenburgh & Associates | Brooklyn, NY Intern, OLIN | Philadelphia, PA Developed green infrastructure design for a Philadelphia schoolyard; co-led project with fellow interns and presented our design to OLIN and the community; phase I of project to be built by summer 2013; integrated into OLIN project teams Extern, Terrain: Landscape Architecture & Constructed Ecologies | New York, NY Intern, SWA Group Summer Program | Sausalito, CA + Laguna Beach, CA Selected to participate in joint design studio and internship program; designed a proposal to address sea level rise on the Sausalito waterfront; created illustrative plan, perspectives, and presentation for client Extern, Oehme Van Sweden | Washington, DC Associate, AtSite, A Sustainable Buildings Company | Washington, DC Researched sustainable building initiatives; wrote and edited energy conservation measures; analyzed energy data and optimization strategies.
06.2013 – 08.2013 01.2013 06.2012 – 08.2012
01.2012 06.2011 – 08.2011
01.2011 08.2009 – 01.2010
ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE & ACTIVITIES Stanford Varsity Lightweight Crew | Stanford, CA Four-year varsity rower; member of the 2008 Pocock Lightweight All-American Team; Cardinal Award 2006 for spirit, dedication, and leadership; captain for two seasons; 3rd place finish at Intercollegiate Rowing Association Nationals 2008
09.2004 – 06.2008
High School Rowing Coach, National Cathedral School | Washington D.C.
11.2009 – 05.2010
50 | Hayes
ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE Administrator, Environmental Thought and Practice Program | Charlottesville, VA Support and mentor about 30 undergraduate students in the interdisciplinary ETP major; organize graduation; promote ETP alumni relations; advocate for the development of a new ETP Masters Program
10.2010 – 05.2013
UVA Landscape Architecture Graduate Admissions Committee | Charlottesville, VA Student representative on admissions committee to review graduate applications for class of 2016; organize and participate in open houses
10.2012 – 04.2013
Head Teaching Assistant, Kristina Hill’s Foundation Studio II | Charlottesville, VA Oversaw a collaborative group of TAs; helped prepare lessons; assessed student progress; gave weekly desk critiques
01.2012 – 05.2012
European Master in Landscape Architecture (EMiLA) Workshop | Amsterdam, Netherlands Selected as one of six UVA students to participate in a 10 day international workshop to reimagine the Dutch cultural landscape
09.2011
HONORS, AWARDS, & PUBLICATIONS Stanley and Helen Abbott Award | UVA Department of Landscape Architecture In recognition of excellence in the study of landscape architecture and for promise in the field, presented by the department faculty
05.2013
Merit Award, “Market Gradients” studio project | Virginia ASLA
05.2013
Lunch8: Futures for Sites Unknown | UVA School of Architecture Student Journal “SWAMP THING + SMART GRID: smarter water management in New Orleans, LA” co-written with project partner Isaac Cohen
spring 2013
Plat Journal 3.0: Collective Disruption | Rice University School of Architecture Journal “Sand Engine: choreographing change through dynamic processes in Norfolk, VA”
spring 2013
Honorable Mention, The Rivanna River Vortex All-School Competition, “HOT DAM!” | Charlottesville, VA Co-led a team of 12 graduate and undergraduate students to an “Honorable Mention” award from visiting critic Adriaan Geuze; interviewed on the local NBC 29 news and featured in Charlottesville Today “Market Gradients” Studio Project | Charlottesville Local Market, Charlottesville, VA Proposed new design for the Charlottesville Market that features city’s new green infrastructure standards; project selected to be shared with local landscape architecture firm to assess feasibility of design; featured on UVA Architecture School website Lunch7: Conversations | UVA School of Architecture Student Journal Foundation Studio II project featured in “Sand Engines” article written by Professor Kristina Hill
01.2013
08.2012 – 12.2012
spring 2012
International Exhibition of Landscape Architecture | Barcelona, Spain Work selected by faculty to be displayed in International Exhibition on Landscape Architecture University Projects at the Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura de Barcelona and other European Universities
09.2012 – 10.2012
Merit Based Fellowship | UVA Department of Landscape Architecture Awarded for academic merit and potential by Landscape Architecture Department for full three years of graduate school
07.2010 – 05.2013
TECHNICAL SKILLS Proficient in Adobe Creative Suite, Microsoft Office, Rhino, AutoCAD, Sketchup, ArcGIS, model making, drawing + drafting Hayes | 51
University of Virginia | Master of Landscape Architecture, 2013 Stanford University | Bachelor of Science, Earth Systems, 2008 khayes@virginia.edu | 202.215.1813