Kate Hayes Portfolio

KATE HAYES University of Virginia | Master of Landscape Architecture, 2013 Stanford University | Bachelor of Science, Earth Systems, 2008 khayes@virginia.edu | 202.215.1813

About Me With a range of professional experience, a B.S. in Earth Systems from Stanford University, and a M.L.A. from University of Virginia, I am eager to embark upon a professional career in landscape architecture.

My strong work ethic, curiosity, discipline, and commitment to landscape architecture makes me a dedicated worker. With strong verbal and visual communication skills, I am able to thrive working both individually and in team settings.

Landscape architecture is my passion and I look forward to contributing to this exciting field.

Presenting team’s EMiLA project in Amsterdam, September 2011 2 | Hayes

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s

Studio Projects

5

Market Gradients Swamp Thing Sand Engine A Memorial Garden Drif ting Ecotones

Skills 27 Site Reading Diagramming GIS Detail Design Ar tist Book C ollaborative Work

The sis 37 Resume 50

Hayes | 3

fragrant, old medicinal use

SUB-CANOPY

SHRUB

GROUND

4 | Hayes

Market G radients: G reen Infrastructure + Public Space C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , VA F a l l 2 012

Swamp T hing: A Smar t G rid for Water New Orleans, L A F a l l 2 011

Sand Engine: Understanding + Living with Change over Time N o r f o l k , VA S p r i n g 2 011

A Memorial G arden on Obser vator y Hill C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , VA F a l l 2 010

Drif ting Ecotones: Planted Form + Function C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , VA S p r i n g 2 012

STUDIO PROJECTS Hayes | 5

Rain Garden Dry Swale Stormwater Wetland Biofilter Bioretention Downspout Disconnection to Rain Barrel Daylight Existing Storm Drain

0

James River Watershed

2,000

4,000

ft

8,000

#1

Green Infrastructure as Public Space : Line to Gradient Comprehensive Studio, Fall 2012 Professors: Elizabeth Meyer + Leena Cho Team Project: Kate Hayes + Rachel Stevens 0

125

250

500 Feet

The act of opening up the ground and transforming the discrete line of a stormwater pipe into a constructed and designed hydrologic gradient not only helps reveal local and regional fluxes and flows, but provides a structural framework for new public space and market district. Like the seasonal flooding banks of a streambed, this market district would have a similar gradient, expanding and contracting based on the amount of water and people occupying the space. This market acts a catalyst for this network of public space and green infrastructure that is embedded in a larger city and regional scale.

This gradient can extend to include the public to private between the street and buildings that surround it, and integrate the market as part of a multi-functional network of public, ecological spaces within the downtown area that also reference and ground that place within the dynamics of the city and region. sunken plaza

mist

LINE TO GRADIENT | REGIONAL WATERSHED

Landscape framework plan for Charlottesville contrasting and connecting stream gradients with pipe lines 6 | Hayes

James River Watershed

precipitation Pollack’s Branch piped watershed

site

44

Charlottesville annual watershed precipitation (in)

precipitation

precipitation

DESIGN STORMS

site

site

James River Watershed

E

1/2 MIL

E

1/4 MIL

3.5”

6”

1 yr 24 hr stormwater runoff

3”

2 yr 24 hr

site watershed

precipitation

precipitation Pollack’s Branch piped watershed

10 yr 24 hr

James River Watershed

James River Watershed

7”

25 yr 24 hr

Existing

Proposed James River Watershed

8,000

E

1/2 MIL

James River Watershed

E 1/4 MIL

precipitation

pipe#1

pipe#1 site

Water strategy: infiltrate and store water on site watershed

pipe#2

Market edge in summer: water retention and structural soil planting detail

precipitation

pipe#2

Rain Garden

54,500 cf

Dry Swale Stormwater Wetland Biofilter Bioretention

217,997 sq ft

Downspout Disconnect

Daylight Existing Storm

36,184 cf

0

144,738 sq ft

James River Watershed

8,000

22,033 cf

James River Watershed

88,134 sq ft

pipe#1

SUB-WATERSHEDS

20,688 cf

based on 1 yr 24 hr design storm

82,752 sq ft

pipe#2

54,500 cf

main market 72 vendors

217,997 sq ft

sunken plaza + skating 12,000 SF

0

125

250

500 Feet

36,184 cf 144,738 sq ft

22,033 cf

88,134 sq ft

20,688 cf

82,752 sq ft

stairs + amphitheater movie screen seats 60 250 people reclining overflow market 20 vendors + trucks

people

Combining water and public space (calculations based on 1 yr 24 hr design storm)

0

125

250

0

500 Feet

125

250

500 Feet

Market edge in winter: snow collection area and icicle fountain

Hayes | 7

2,000

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Ridge Street

watch the sun set

water

public life

NON-MARKET DAY use dry runnel as racing track for toy cars

water

public life

MARKET DAY PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCED BY PRODUCT AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCED BY PRODUCT AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

learn how to can at workshop

listen to Penny Pistol performance

water

public life

MARKET DAY see water level rise post storm event

water

public life

commute to work

NON-MARKET DAY

listen to running water

people + water watch

learn how to can at workshop

water

public life

NON-MARKET DAY

public life

follow runnel down path

stop into new small business catch-up with Belmont neighbor

use dry runnel as racing track for toy cars

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

MARKET DAY

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

water

stock up on spring annuals

water

public life

MARKET DAY

Sectional series through market, revealing individual relationships between water and public life

Four Square in the street

people + water watch

water

public life

MARKET DAY follow runnel down path

stop into new small business catch-up with Belmont neighbor

Market Gradients

cool hands in pool

water

public life

MARKET DAY

The gradient responds to human and non-human ecology as a unified system rather than separate constituencies. The market is a zone of exchange between people, water, and vegetation where the rituals of daily life - in the form of streetscape, market district, and park - become embedded in the landscape dynamics of Charlottesville and the greater region.

stop by SNAP booth

buy greens from usual weekly vendor

break off icicle from fountain wall

1st Street

RAIL-TO-TRAIL

water

public life

NON-MARKET DAY PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

8 | Hayes

RAILWAY

jog during lunch hour

Model of modular ground condition of runnels

Ground plan

2ND STREET

1ST STREET

SOUTH ST

+462

+461 +461

+461

+461 +461

+461

+461

+461.5

TW+463

+461.5

+460 +461.5 +461

+462

+460.5 +461

+459

+461

+460.5

+461

BS+457.5

+461.5 +460.5

D

+461.5

BS+457.5

BW+458

+462 +462

TS+458

+458

+460.5

+460.5

+461

+460

TS+461

A

+461 BS+458

+456 +460.5

+461.5 +464

+460.5

+461 +460.5 +461.5

+464 +468

+461

+460.5 +461

+460

+461

RIDGE STREET

+466

+461

+461 BS+457.5

+461

+458

+461

+467 +462

+463

+462

+459

+460.5

TW+463

BW+461

TS+460

B +475

BS +464

E

+463

+462

GARRETT ST

+461

+485.5 +496

C

TS +496

+466

+462

+461

GLEASON STREET

0’

32’

64’

Site plan Hayes | 9

Garrett Street as a pedestrian zone on City Market days; vehicle circulation maintained for non-market days

Market Operations The ground plane - its form, its function, and its experiential qualities - is an integral component to the design of this district. Like a more regionally scaled landscape ecology of patches, corridors, and matrices, these components can operate at a site scale to further characterize and define this market district gradient.

The interior and edge conditions inform program types and the seasonality and flux of the market.

(5 AM

VEND OR + 1 PM S )

market day vendors 10 | Hayes

PEDESTRIAN ZONE

market day pedestrians

non-market day

MAR

SPRING

APR

MAY

JUN

JULY

SUMMER AUG

SEP

OCT

FALL

NOV

DEC

WINTER

JAN

FEB

canopy

ground

MATERIALITY temperature

MAR 58/36/4.06

APR 69/45/3.35

MAY 76/54/4.84

JUN 84/62/4.45

JUL 88/66/4.92

AUG 86/64/4.13

SEP 80/58/4.84

OCT 69/47/4.21

NOV 59/38/3.74

DEC 49/30/3.27

JAN 45/36/3.7

FEB 49/29/ 3.31

precipitation apples asparagus

spinach

peaches

corn

kale chard

tomatoes

butternut squash

strawberries

produce cucumbers

shade gradients verticality

vegetation

TEMPORALITY

cooking classes and workshops

water

saturation

farmers market

outdoor concert series ice skating plaza

duration

people

density

bicycle depot

PROGRAM

cistern

view to Monticello stage

weekly market bike depot screen on the green workshops vendor vehicle space

fountain wall

misters + ice skating

section of Garrett St looking north 1”=32’

Seasonal gradients at the Charlottesville Market

Hayes | 11

A Smar t Grid System for Water: Reintroducing the “Swamp Thing” back into New Orleans Foundation Studio III, Fall 2011 Professors: Jorg Sieweke + Pete O’Shea Team Project: Kate Hayes + Isaac Cohen

1 YEAR 24 HOUR STORM

ANNUAL PRECIPITATION

Naturally meandering, the Mississippi River jumps its channel every 500 - 1000 years, finding the shortest, steepest path towards the Gulf of Mexico. This studio looks at the apocalyptic scenario of the Mississippi jumping to the Atchafalaya Basin, leaving New Orleans without a freshwater supply.

january

february

TYPICAL STORM

march

april

may

june

july

august

september

october

november

Atchafalaya and Mississippi River

WATER TABLE

average flow in Cubic Feet Per Second

december

december

november october september july june may april march february january Atchafalaya Record low flow Mississippi Record low flow Atchafalaya Record high flow

1,600,000 CFS

900,000 CFS

800,000 CFS

700,000 CFS

600,000 CFS

500,000 CFS

400,000 CFS

300,000 CFS

Mississippi Record high flow

200,000 CFS

Drawing upon the cultural connotations of “Swamp” and the technological workings of a smart grid system, this multi-functional and performative infrastructure acts on multiple scales – from the city, to the neutral ground corridor, down to the individual lot scale. The idea is born from a post-apocalyptic scenario yet it can be implemented today.

august

100,000 CFS

Therefore, to better manage water in a zone deprived of its freshwater supply, we propose introducing a smart water grid system to New Orleans that retrofits and builds upon existing infrastructure (pumps + canals) to actively redirect water to the most needed areas of the city. It is a system that manages water effectively and expressively as a vital resource in a city that has historically struggled to keep water out.

Jumping scales: overlaying streetscape scale water strategy with the seasonal dynamics of the Mississippi River 12 | Hayes

pre-modern

modern

proposed City scale conceptual models

above: Mississippi River jumping its channel below: settlement + drainage patterns over time Hayes | 13

EXISTING mono-functional, single directional system

DRINKING

USERS

DRAINAGE

PHASE I introduce swamps to system

LONG LOT SPATIAL STRUCTURE: DRINKING the optimal allocation of two scarce resources

USERS

SWAMP THING swamp

Phasing the Grid

14 | Hayes

(1

ft)

valued resource (fertile land)

PHASE II

valued resource (fertile land)

smart grid system for water

valued resource (river) valued resource (river)

DRINKING

USERS

pumping stations pumping stations

resource resource

pump + energy

In this smart system, the pump stations act as central nodes. Each pump station has anywhere from one to fifteen pumps which can be individually controlled to modulate and allocate water and flows throughout the city. By tying the largest pump station to the water treatment facility, the ultimate goal is for the 64 inches of precipitation that fall on New Orleans every year to be cleansed and repurposed to serve all freshwater needs in the city.

ft)

(1

swamp

92

ar

s

nt

pe

40

the optimal allocation of two scarce resources

n

pe

ar

40

pump + energy

A smart system for water management is flexible and can adapt to various conditions to most effectively distribute storm water based on demand. This system acts in contrast to the current, mono-functional system that simply pumps water out of the city. The addition of swamps to the system in the first phase facilitates the creation of new, dynamic public spaces in New Orleans.

92

ts

DRAINAGE

LONG LOT SPATIAL STRUCTURE:

settlement settlement

long lot remnants

long lot remnants

topography

topography

farmland

farmland

back swamp

back swamp Lake Pontchartrain

drainage sub-basins | polders

drainage sub-basins | polders

DRAINAGE Lake Pontchartrain

New Orleans’ historic arpent system

SMART GRID

Phasing strategy for Swamp Thing and smart grid system

EXISTING

PHASE I PHASE II smart grid water system

STORM WATER FRESH WATER

monitor

roof water collection

smart appliances

monitor

monitor

WASTE WATER soil moisture sensor

STORM WATER ground

STORM WATER storage seasonal flush

Inserting “Swamp Thing” into New Orleans’ repurposed smart grid network of pumps and pipes reduces the load of stormwater on the system and gradually reduces the city’s dependency on the Mississippi as a source of freshwater Hayes | 15

QUERCUS VIRGINIANA

Designing Across Scales

TUPELO GUM FLOW

SEDGES SPANISH MOSS

BAYOU NYSSA AQUATICA SWAMP TAXODIUM DISTICHUM SPARTINA

PLANTS 16 | Hayes

GROUND

WATER

This smarter system necessitates a move towards collection and storage of water at the lot scale. Not only can individuals use this water collection as grey water, but it can be fed into the smart water grid as needed. This lot scale system will begin to influence consumer behavior and attitudes, reducing the reliance on municipal scale water distribution, ideally before the Mississippi River even jumps its channel.

SATURATED

UNSATURATED

Repurposing the city’s Neutral Grounds for water collection, storage, and public space

Plant and material palette

public space

swamp

proposed drainage

infrastructure + smart grid

Pump Station #1

filtration runnels

redistribution pipes

Water and public space typologies for the Neutral Ground or canals

design intervention existing canal

Hayes | 17

Sand Engine: Understanding + Living With Change Over Time Foundation Studio II, Spring 2011 Professors: Kristina Hill + Kate John-Alder A “sand engine” is an artificially created island which, through natural processes of wind and wave action along the shoreline, will erode, accrete, and eventually widen and renourish the existing beach. In this case, the sand engine is expected to “reach” shore in 20 - 25 years. In addition to being a less expensive alternative to typical beach nourishment practices, the sand engine provides a temporary recreational area, habitat for plants and animals, and an aesthetic experience of intentionally dynamic landforms.

This design is based on the natural, dynamic processes endemic to this coastline region and is highlighted through intentional choreographed moments of exposure to the elements and enclosure, across scales.

This spatial sequence is rooted in the community of Willoughby Spit, on the neighborhood streets, moves through a sand dune ecotone, and out to the end of a pier where one is completely exposed to the elements and can watch the sand engine move and change over both the short and long term.

By amplifying a site’s existing conditions, the design seeks to help both locals and visitors better understand, appreciate, live, and engage in these natural forces and flows, and more generally, in change over time.

18 | Hayes

Rhizomal pattern of Ammophila breviligulata

Conceptual cut and fill diagram of sand engine migrating towards and nourishing the beach

winter day 0

summer

spring 1 mo.

2 mo.

3 mo.

4 mo.

5 mo.

6 mo.

autumn 7 mo.

8 mo.

9 mo.

winter

spring

autumn summer

10 mo.

constructing SAND ENGINE

dredging sculpting

dynamic transforming

stabilizing

NATURAL PROCESSES SAND CATCHER Transformation and construction diagram of sand engine and sand catcher changing over time

constructing

forming

module building

forming

deconstructing Hayes | 19

installation sand accumulation additional fences

new dune Process of dune building

Sections through modular sand fence and boardwalk Site model

Sand Gauge As natural buffers, dunes provide moments of enclosure in a community typically subject to extreme exposure.

Planting native grasses facilitates dune formation and island stabilization. This proposed boardwalk system mimics the rhizomal characteristic of these native grasses, and can expand and contract as a modular system to create a series of outdoor rooms, or microclimates. Both American Beachgrass and this sand gauge act as palimpsests, lasting the lifeline of the island, regenerating the main shoreline for future generations, and building a strong collective memory in the community of Willoughby Spit.

1/4 scale constructed wood and welded metal prototype 20 | Hayes

6

Transition from path to place: exposed and enclosed, familiar and aberrant

Hayes | 21

A Memorial Garden on Obser vator y Hill Foundation Studio, Fall 2010 Professor: Nancy Takahashi This design is characterized by the seam between two fields - a forest and an asphalt parking lot - and defined by the underlying geology and exposed rock facade.

I selected this site for a memorial garden due to its unique history and particularities of place at an old nuclear plant site.

Existing site conditions at the geologic seam

In addition to providing a space for family members to visit their deceased loved ones, this design is part of a larger healing landscape. Overtime, the seam will stitch back together as the asphalt crumbles and plants grow from cracks in the rock. On a larger scale, this concept of shaping the ground through a dominant geologic seam can be repeated on other developed sites on UVA’s historic Observatory Hill.

This design is a direct response to the character of the mountain and the forest. The impermeability of the bedrock is evident in the still water feature and the designed threshold zone provides a variety of temporal changes, including light, dark, sound, and microclimates.

Stitching a broken landscape back together 22 | Hayes

Carving into the impermeable rock + asphalt Hayes | 23

Fall Phlox

Form: 3-4’ tall, erect stem, showy clump former, 4-8” wide terminal pyramidal cluster of flowers

Phlox paniculata

Polemoniaceae

interest until first frost

DRIFTING ECOTONES

Color + Season: blooms June to October, pink to purple flower, seasonal

CANOPY

SUMMER

AUTUMN

‘Manhattan Blue’ Juniper

berry-like cones, reddish brown bark shreds in long strips

Growing Conditions: tolerant of most conditions but prefers slighty acidic, well-drained soils, pH adaptable

Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant flowers, attracts butterflies +

Blazing Star Liatris spicata

base of plant, showy flower cluster, feathery appearance

Asteraceae

noted for...

cones

Red Maple ‘Autumn Flame’

Form: 45-50’ tall, 35-50’ spread; rounded to oval crown; fine texture

Panicle Hydrangea

Hydrangea paniculata

fall color (early)

Aceraceae

Dryopteris erythrosora

Dryopteridaceae

Color + Season: evergreen, new fronts in shades of orange-red to copper-

green leaves

Plante d For m + Fu n c t i o n : D r i f t i n g Ecotones Nurser y

clusters from June to October; yellow fall color; leaves may persist into winter; attractive bark has vertical exfoliating strips

Growing Conditions: best in slightly acidic soils that is moist, cool +

S F W S Growing Conditions: requires moist, organic, fertile soil, salt tolerant

Hellebornus odorus

Wildlife value + Benefits: strong scented flowers

Form: assymetrical clumping fern, 2-3’ long fronds, robust leathery fern

Polystichum acrostichoides

Color + Season: glossy, green fronds, evergreen

Dryopteridaceae

Growing Conditions: prefers cool, moist, well-drained soils but can grow

S F W S

Hosta Aureomarginata ‘Frances Williams’ Hosta sieboldiana

S F W S

Smooth Sumac

elwesii Rhus glabra Galanthus Amaryllidaceae

Form: 1.5-2’ tall, 4-5’ spread, clump forming perennial with thick, puckered, cupped, wide-oval to rounded leaves, distinctive veining

Anacardiaceae

Color + Season: blue-green variagated leaves edged with wide yellow stripe, lilly-like lavender flowers bloom June to July on 30” tall stems.

S F W S

Growing Conditions: best in moist, well-drained soils, tolerant on wide

PIEDMONT WOODLANDS: shady hike

Color + Season: white flowers bloom February to March

Growing Conditions: prefers moist, humusy soils, grows well under

Color + Season: leaves colorful in fall; yellow-green flowers followed by

deciduous trees, prefer cool climates

bright-red, hairy berries in erect, pyramidal clusters, persist through winter

Wildlife value + Benefits:

Growing Conditions: most dry soils, drought tolerant Wildlife value + Benefits: birds, insects, and mammals consume fruits + leaves, because drupes persist through fall and winter months, a ready food source

with redding base, bloom late January to March

mesic, shade, dappled light, quiet, light texture, high ceiling Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds, butterflies + bees,

Growing Conditions: moist fertile acidic soil Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant, provides seeds for birds, rabbits

Boxwood

+ deer

SUB- Nannyberry attracts...

Vibernum lentago CANOPY Caprifoliaceae

Poaceae

small mammals songbirds Color + Season: butterflies larva

clay soils, very adaptable

Virginia Mountain Mint

Form: 2-3’ tall, strout, multibranched toward top, flowers in dense clusters

PIEDMONT WOODLAND

Cornaceae

Platanus occidentalis

branches, massive trunk

Color + Season: white flaking bark provides great winter interest

Wildlife value + Benefits: fruit attracts birds + other easily S F W wildlife, S transplanted + established, fragrant

Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant, attracts butterflies

leaves, fragrant flowers bloom April to May

evergreens colorful fruit showy bark

Form: 75-100’ tall and spread, wide spreading open crown with twisted

Platanaceae

Growing Conditions: grows best on moist, calcareous soils

Lamiaceae

S F W S

Winter Flame

Sycamore

Color + Seasons: tiny, white, mint-like flowers, often spotted with purple

Pycnanthemum virginianum

Color + Season: evergreen, dark green above, lighter yellow green below

noted for...

Growing Conditions: tolerant of moist + dry soils; some sand to some

Cornus sanguinea

Form: 15-20’ tall with equal spread, dense, multi-branched evergreen shrub, rounded or gumdrop form, architectural, foliage to the ground, medium to fine texture

Buxus sempervirens

Form: 10-14’ tall, 8-12’ wide, multistemmed shrub or small tree, irregular to rounded, medium texture, arching branches, suckers readily

Growing Conditions: does best in moist, well-drained soils, tolerates extended flooding, drought + salt tolerant

Growing Conditions: requires moisture, prefers limestone soils with pH

of 6 or greater

noted for...

Wildlife value + Benefits: great for bees, attracts wildlife to feed + nest, texture foliage gives off a distinct fragrance, good for hedges + mass plantings feel

Wildlife value + Benefits: no significant value for wildlife

River Birch Form: 8-10’ tall and spread, multi-stemmed, suckering deciduous shrub Betula nigra

Great Blue Lobelia

Form: 2-3’ tall, erect

Lobelia siphilitica

Campanulaceae

Betuleacae

Color + Season: lavendar-blue tubular flowers crowded together on upper

Color + Season: golden yellow stems tipped in pink orS dark red in winter, S F W

Form: 3-4’ tall, 2-4’ spread, shrub with thick, glossy evergreen leaves; termial inflorescences

Winter Daphne ‘Aureomarginata’

Form: 50-70’ tall, 35-50’ spread, medium sized tree, oval or pyramidal when young to rounded or irregular crown, medium texture, can grow as multi-stemmed plant

Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea Daphne odora Rosaceae

stem, blooms August to October for long period

S F W S

Thymelaeaceae

Color + Season: yellow fall color; creamy orange showy bark

Growing Conditions: requires moist conditions insects

green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, late spring bloom with small clustersdrier sites, easily transplanted of white flowers, dark purple drupes

consistently moist, well-drained soils

Apocynaceae

Color + Season: small pink to mauve flowers bloom July to August,

S F W S

Growing Conditions: prefers medium to wet soils, tolerant of less well-

tolerant of pollution

Musclewood

Carpinus caroliniana

Betulaceae

attractive seed pods 4” long

F W S Wildlife value + Benefits: dark drupes attractiveS to birds, attracts butterflies, tolerates deer, erosion control, hedge

Giant Pussy Willow

Form: 20-30’ tall and spread, multi-stemmed shrub or single-stemmed tree, medium texture, wide spreading

Salicaceae

Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, rich, sandy-humusy, well-

drained soils with neutral pH, hardy to zone 7

Form: 6-12’ tall shrub of upright stems

Salix Chaenomeloides

Color + Season: winter interest with reddish brown winter bud scales + puffs of velvety gray pussies; blooms late winter early spring, white and yellow flowers; pink catkins; blue-green leaves

Color + Seasons: yellow, orange + red fall color, brown nutlets in early fall, smooth gray bark with vertical ridges

S F W S

drained soils, deep taproots

Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant flowers attract butterflies as nectar

March to April; glossy evergreen leaves edged with warm cream; red fruits in July to August

Wildlife value + Benefits: fruit a favorite of birds, butterflies, larval host,

food + cover for many animals

Asclepias incarnata

Color + Season: reddish purple flowers with palish pink insides, blooms

early; white flowers in pendulous racemes bloom early spring + short-lived, red fruit ripens in June; striped smooth, ornamental bark

Growing Conditions: prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soil

Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat seeds, nesting sites for waterfowl,

Growing Conditions: tolerant of wide range of soils but prefers

Form: 4-5’ tall, 2-3’ spread, erect + clump forming, clustered flowers

Form: 15-20’ tall, deciduous small tree or large shrub, multi-stemmed, rounded crown, medium texture Color + Season: yellow-orange to red fall color, colors early and leaves fall

S F W S

Growing Conditions: grows best on moist river bottom soil, adaptable to

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds, hummingbirds, butterflies,

Swamp Milkweed

Growing Conditions: deep, fertile, slightly acidic soils, tolerates periodic flooding, fairly adaptable

Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant flowers, attracts bees + other

insects

Growing Conditions: well-drained, acidic soils, tolerates wet sites Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds

source, larval host for Monarch butterflies

Wildlife value + Benefits: of secondary value to wildlife

SHRUB

STOCK

Tall Coreopsis

Coreopsis tripteris

Form: 4-16” tall, leafy stems + sturdy green foliage, hairy nature

Violaceae

Color + Season: bright yellow flower veined with purple, looms April to

Asteraceae

GROUND

June

S F W S

Growing Conditions: grows in dry to medium moisture, well-drained

mesic to moist, light sun to shade, terracing, reflecting, cool, quiet

Smooth Blue Aster Aster laevis

Asteraceae

RIPARIAN VALLEY

attracts + feeds...

Carex crinita

Cyperaceae

Ranunculaceae

into winter

S F W S

Growing Conditions: prefers moist + acidic soils, tolerant of poorly-

Color + Seasons: green, flowers May to July

Color + Season: a nodding, red + yellow flower, blooms February to July,

Growing Conditions: wet to moist conditions; clay, loam, peat or sand soils

Growing Conditions: grows best in sandy, well-drained soils, limestone

+ wetland birds feed on seeds or spikelets tolerates seasonal flooding

Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat fruit

based soils

Wildlife value + Benefits: flowers attract long-tongued insects + hummingbirds, finches + buntings eat seeds (Native Americans used crushed seeds to attract amorous attention)

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, tolerant of heat, humidity +

Form: 3-4’ tall, erect stem, showy clump former, 4-8” wide terminal pyramidal cluster of flowers

Phlox paniculata

Polemoniaceae

Color + Season: blooms June to October, pink to purple flower, seasonal interest until first frost

S F W S

‘Manhattan Blue’ Juniper Juniperus virginiana

Color + Season: blue-green needles with purplish cast in winter, waxy blue

S F W S

Growing Conditions: tolerant of most conditions but prefers slighty

hummingbirds

Form: 2-4’ tall, erect, slender, linear grass-like leaves clumped towards base of plant, showy flower cluster, feathery appearance

Liatris spicata

Asteraceae

Color + Season: tall spike of rose-purple flowers arranged in a long, dense

Magnolia stellata

Panicle Hydrangea Hydrangea paniculata

Growing Conditions: grows best on moist, average soils; tolerates clay

PERENNAIL BORDER

Form: 10-20’ tall and spread, deciduous large shrub or small tree, fountain-like branching, course texture

Hydrangeaceae

Color + Season: high quality foliage, dark green leaves, white flowers

spike blooming from top down, blooms July to September

S F W S

S F W S

soil + drought

green leaves

many birds + mammals

Smooth Sumac

Rhus glabra

S F W S

S F W S

+ leaves, because drupes persist through fall and winter months, a ready food source

Growing Conditions: moist fertile acidic soil Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant, provides seeds for birds, rabbits

Boxwood

+ deer

Buxus sempervirens

Poaceae

Form: 10-14’ tall, 8-12’ wide, multistemmed shrub or small tree, irregular to rounded, medium texture, arching branches, suckers readily

S F W S

Color + Season:

SHRUB

Form: 2-5’ tall, loose upright tufts, bristly flower heads, 5-9” long floral

provides...

Form: 8-10’ tall and spread, multi-stemmed, suckering deciduous shrub

odora PoaceaeDaphne Thymelaeaceae

Color + Season: golden yellow stems tipped in pink or dark red in winter,

green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, late spring bloom with small clusters of white flowers, dark purple drupes

S F W S

Growing Conditions: tolerant of wide range of soils but prefers

drained soils and full sun

S F W S

Form: 2-3’ tall, erect, wiry clumps; bunchy or sod-forming grass

Bouteloua curtipendula BUTTERFLY PERENNIAL BORDER: fragrant walk

Form: 1-4’ tall, 12-18” spread, large pyramidal heads of flower clusters on strong stems mesic, texture,

Ranunculaceae

Growing Conditions: grows in dry to medium moisture, well-drained

S F W S

Growing Conditions: adaptable to variety of soil types and moisture levels

Wildlife value + Benefits: foraging food for livestock; erosion control;

attracts + feeds...

Rudbeckia hirta Asteraceae pollinators birds insects

Form: 1-3’ tall, stems of scattered oval leaves covered with bristly hairs,

Purpletop

Tridens Flavus

Poacea

S F W S

flowers are 2-3’ wide

Form: 2-6’ tall, clumps, drooping branches bearing widely spaced reddishpurple spikelets

Growing Conditions: grows best in sandy, well-drained soils, limestone

hummingbirds, finches + buntings eat seeds (Native Americans used crushed seeds to attract amorous attention)

Big Bluestem

Form: 3-6’ (up to 9’)

Andropogon gerardii

Bottle Brush Grass Elymus hystrix

Poacea

provides...

Indian Grass

Form: 2-5’ tall, loose upright tufts, bristly flower heads, 5-9” long floral

spike

Growing Conditions: moist to slightly dry conditions, loamy or rocky soils

Growing Conditions: moist to dry, well-drained soils

Wildlife value + Benefits: grazing + nesting material, attracts butterflies

‘Cloud Nine’ Switchgrass

Sorghastrum nutans

Color + Seasons: greyish green to dark green leaves, flowers bloom in summer, showy brown + green flowers, flower heads persist well into autumn

Color + Seasons: showy golden-yellow ray flowers S F with W S a brown central core, looms June to October

Wildlife value + Benefits: provides food, nesting, + cover to lifestock and wildlife; palatable + nutritious; upland game birds + songbirds eat seeds; Skipper butterflies; erosion control

color texture

shelter

Growing Conditions: adaptable to range of soil conditions but refers welldrained soils and full sun

Color + Season: red to copper colored flower; blooms July to August Growing Conditions: warm season native perennial; average to moist soil; resistant to flattening by snow

Color + Seasons: blooms purple from August - November; brown

otherwise

semi-evergreen, green to blue-green leaf

based soils

acts as...

larval host nesting site

Black-eyed Susan

Color + Season: a nodding, red + yellow flower, blooms February to July,

Poaceae

blooming aster; deep blue-green foliage

extremely drought + cold tolerant

Wildlife value + Benefits:

Form: up to 2’ tall, drooping bell-like flowers, attractive round-lobed leaves

Wildlife value + Benefits: flowers attract long-tongued insects +

drought, fragrant leaves

Growing Conditions: can grow on wide range of soil types,

Wildlife value + Benefits: palatable to whitetailed deer, high nutritional value, attracts butterflies, pollinators, and can provide shelter.

Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, rich, sandy-humusy, well-

soils, prefers poor, sandy or rocky soils with good drainage

Color + Seasons: warm season grass, blue-green foliage, unique purple

Poacea

winter

March to April; glossy evergreen leaves edged with warm cream; red fruits in July to August

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, tolerant of heat, humidity +

color, sun, horizontal + vertical layers, unexpected turns, enclosedflowers, + exposed blooms July to September

Color + Seasons: blue-violet flower, blooms August to October, an early

Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, tan in

Color + Season: reddish purple flowers with palish pink insides, blooms

Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil

Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis

Color + Season: brown disks with yellow rays flowers, blooms July to September

Sideoats Gram

Form: 3-4’ tall, 2-4’ spread, shrub with thick, glossy evergreen leaves; termial inflorescences

insects

butterflies, tolerates deer, erosion control, hedge

Coreopsis tripteris

Asteraceae

Form: 4-6’, clumps

foliage gives off a distinct fragrance, good for hedges + mass plantings

Wildlife value + Benefits: very fragrant flowers, attracts bees + other

Tall Coreopsis Form: 2-8’ tall, 2-8’ spread, slender erect stems Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds; erosion control, pollution tolerant

GROUND

Wildlife value + Benefits: great for bees, attracts wildlife to feed + nest,

drained soils with neutral pH, hardy to zone 7

consistently moist, well-drained soils

Wildlife value + Benefits: dark drupes attractive to birds, attracts

Wildlife value + Benefits: grazing + nesting material, attracts butterflies + caterpillers of cross-line skipper, broad-winged skipper, little glassywing skipper, large wood nymph; a colonizing perennial; fast growth rate

leaves, fragrant flowers bloom April to May

of 6 or greater

‘Cloud Nine’ Winter Daphne Switchgrass ‘Aureomarginata’

transplanted + established, fragrant

S F W S

Growing Conditions: adaptable to range of soil conditions but refers well-

Color + Season: evergreen, dark green above, lighter yellow green below

clay soils, very adaptable

Wildlife value + Benefits: fruit attracts birds + other wildlife, easily

Winter Flameflowers bloom in Color + Seasons: greyish green to dark green leaves, Cornus sanguinea Cornaceae summer, showy brown + green flowers, flower heads persist well into autumn

Form: 15-20’ tall with equal spread, dense, multi-branched evergreen shrub, rounded or gumdrop form, architectural, foliage to the ground, medium to fine texture

Growing Conditions: requires moisture, prefers limestone soils with pH

Growing Conditions: tolerant of moist + dry soils; some sand to some

color texture food Growing Conditions: moist to slightly dry conditions, loamy or rocky soils shelter

Poacea

bright-red, hairy berries in erect, pyramidal clusters, persist through winter

Growing Conditions: most dry soils, drought tolerant Wildlife value + Benefits: birds, insects, and mammals consume fruits

with redding base, bloom late January to March

S F W S

Color + Seasons: blooms purple from August - November; brown

Form: 10-20’ shrub with short, crooked, leaning trunks and picturesque branches, suckering Color + Season: leaves colorful in fall; yellow-green flowers followed by

Form: 6-20’ tall, 8-10’ spread, multi-stemmed, large shrub or small tree loosely branched, upright oval outline in youth to rounded + spreading with age Color + Season: yellow to yellow orange fall foliage, showy; yellow flowers

Caprifoliaceae

spike

white to pink-tinged flowers; reddish-green, knobby aggregate fruit opens in fall, orange red seeds, ornamental bark

adaptable

Hamamelidaceae

Nannyberry

Elymus hystrix

Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, organic, fertile soil, relatively

Anacardiaceae

Witchhazel Hybrid ‘Primavera’

Hamamelis x intermedia

Vibernum lentago

Bottle Brush Grass

Color + Season: medium to dark green leaves emerge with a bronze cast;

S F W S

Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant blossoms, provide shelter + food for

Wildlife value + Benefits: strong scented flowers

Growing Conditions: grows best in rich, moist acidic soils Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds, butterflies + bees,

Form: up to 10’ tall, small tree or large shrub, multi-stemmed, upright + spreading branching, rounded or oval shape, dense-compace, twiggy nature

Magnoliaceae

maturing to pink, blooms July into September, panicle up to 8” long and 6” wide, flower color changes with soil type

Growing Conditions: requires moist, organic, fertile soil, salt tolerant

Form: 2-4’ tall, dense, rounded terminal, head-like cluster of tubular flowers

S F W S

Form: 2-6’ tall, clumps, drooping branches bearing widely spaced reddish-

STOCK

Star Magnolia ‘Royal Star’

cones

Blazing Star

SUB-CANOPY

purple spikelets

acidic, well-drained soils, pH adaptable

Wildlife value + Benefits: many birds + small mammals eat berry-like

fragrant, old medicinal use

otherwise

fragrance hedge

Form: up to 12-16’ tall, 6-7’ spread, evergreen tree, medium texture, compact + dense growth, conical shape in youth, opens with age

Cupressaceae

berry-like cones, reddish brown bark shreds in long strips

Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, loamy soils Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant flowers, attracts butterflies +

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds, butterflies, hummingbirds

STOCK

semi-evergreen, green to blue-green leaf

Wildlife value + Benefits: many insects thrive on this species; ducks, rails

provides...

Fall Phlox

pollinators birds insects hummingbirds small mammals

NATIVE MEADOW

S F W S

Aquilegia canadensis

Color + Season: brilliant red fruit (on female plant) from late summer well

drought, fragrant leaves

Color + Season: scarlet red flowers, blooms May to late summer dark

Poacea

oval to rounded form, suckers and forms large clumps

Form: 2-4’ fall, loose tuft of leafy culms

soils, prefers poor, sandy or rocky soils with good drainage

Lamiaceae

Tridens Flavus

S F W S

drained soils

Monarda didyma

The design is also about experiencing the transition through and across ecotones and ecologies. Plants are selected based on their wildlife value, juxtaposing and Purpletop layering properties, and visual contrasts throughout the year. Ornamental grasses change the scale of the site in the summer, and bouquets of dried perennials, golden grasses, and evergreens dominate in the winter.

Ilex verticillata

Fringed Sedge

Form: 6-10’ tall, deciduous, multi-stemmed upright + spreading shrub,

Aquifoliaceae

September

Wildlife value + Benefits: songbirds + small mammals

RIPARIAN VALLEY: cool stroll

walk

Winterberry Holly

Color + Season: brown disks with yellow rays flowers, blooms July to

Growing Conditions: moist to dry woods + swamps

Form: up to 2’ tall, drooping bell-like flowers, attractive round-lobed leaves

Wild Columbine

Form: 2-8’ tall, 2-8’ spread, slender erect stems

Yellow Violet

Viola pubescens

Scarlet Bee-Balm

Poaceae

Family

S F W S

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds; erosion control, pollution tolerant

Form: 4-6’, clumps

Smooth Blue Aster Aster laevis

Asteraceae

S F W S

Bouteloua curtipendula

Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat seeds, nectar bees, butterflies, Poacea insects, larval host, high deer resistance

Form: 1-4’ tall, 12-18” spread, large pyramidal heads of flower clusters on strong stems Color + Seasons: blue-violet flower, blooms August to October, an early blooming aster; deep blue-green foliage

S F W S

Growing Conditions: tolerates light shade, moist soil but drought tolerant once established

Color + Seasons: warm season grass, blue-green foliage, unique purple flowers, blooms July to September

Big Bluestem

Andropogon gerardii

Poaceae

Growing Conditions: can grow on wide range of soil types,

S F W S

extremely drought + cold tolerant

Black-eyed Form: 1-6’ tall, 1-2’ spread, erect leafy stems, oftenSusan in clusters; showy Rudbeckia hirta Asteraceae flower in 8” terminal spikes

tolerates...

Campanulaceae

Form: 1-3’ tall, stems of scattered oval leaves covered with bristly hairs, flowers are 2-3’ wide Color + Seasons: showy golden-yellow ray flowers with a brown central core, looms June to October

S F W also S Color + Seasons: red flower, blooms July to October; white and rose Growing Conditions: moist to dry, well-drained soils

pollution Growing Conditions: grows in rich, humusy, medium to wet soils, deer tolerates wet soil drought Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts + depends on hummingbirds for pollination, attracts butterflies, tolerates deer + rabbits erosion

colored forms

GROUND

Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis

Campanulaceae

GROUND

POLLINATOR NATIVE WILDFLOWER MEADOW: whistling meanderPOLLINATOR NATIVE WILDFLOWER MEADOW: whistling meander mesic, sun, color, moving, textured, horizontal layers, ephemeral, tolerant, exposed

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, palatable + nutritious to grazing species, provides cover for small mammals and songbirds

Color + Season: red to copper colored flower; blooms July to August

Growing Conditions: warm season native perennial; average to moist soil; resistant to flattening by snow

wildlife; palatable + nutritious; upland game birds + songbirds eat seeds; Skipper butterflies; erosion control

value, attracts butterflies, pollinators, and can provide shelter.

Lobelia cardinalis

Form: 3-6’ (up to 9’)

Wildlife value + Benefits: provides food, nesting, + cover to lifestock and

Wildlife value + Benefits: palatable to whitetailed deer, high nutritional

Cardinal Flower

Color + Season: blue-green leaves turn yellow in fall, tan in winter

Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil Wildlife value + Benefits:

Form: 2-3’ tall, erect, wiry clumps; bunchy or sod-forming grass

Wildlife value + Benefits: foraging food for livestock; erosion control;

Growing Conditions: adaptable to variety of soil types and moisture levels

Form: 3-4’ clumps

Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn golden yellow in fall, tan in winter

+ caterpillers of cross-line skipper, broad-winged skipper, little glassywing skipper, large wood nymph; a colonizing perennial; fast growth rate

Sideoats Gram

24 | Hayes

Form: 10-20’ shrub with short, crooked, leaning trunks and picturesque branches, suckering

Form: 6-12” tall, 3-6” spread, best form in masses of sweeping drifts

Color + Season: yellow to yellow orange fall foliage, showy; yellow flowers

Growing Conditions: grows best in rich, moist acidic soils

Drifting Ecotones Nursery captures the diversity of Virginia’s native ecosystems by using its nursery stock to create and express the ecotones between four different ecologies. In the drifting ecotones, ecologies are in tension but a productive environment arises from this tension.BUTTERFLY From the push and pull between BORDER: the permanent PERENNIAL fragrant display gardens and temporary stock and the ebb and flow of plant availability through the seasons, the stock acts as a zipper between two ecosystems. The nursery essentially stocks the seeds of these ecosystems in the space set by the ecotones of stock.

Snowdrops

Hamamelidaceae

fragrant, old medicinal use

Spring 2012 Professors: Julie Bargmann + Cole Burrell

Wildlife value + Benefits: fragrant blossoms, provide shelter + food for

many birds + mammals

drained soils, will tolerate full sun

loosely branched, upright oval outline in youth to rounded + spreading withrange of soil types age Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts hummingbirds, deer love, easily divided

Wildlife value + Benefits: early successional, erosion control

young leaves slightly tinted copper or red-brown, deciduous, will bloom when temperature is below freezing

Growing Conditions: best in humus rich soils, medium moisture, wellWildlife value + Benefits: fragrant

and small mammals

Form: 6-20’ tall, 8-10’ spread, multi-stemmed, large shrub or small tree

GROUND Hamamelis x intermedia

Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, organic, fertile soil, relatively adaptable Color + Season: green flowers, early flowering in late winter early spring, Form: 14-22” tall, bold foliage, clumps

Wildlife value + Benefits: buds + catkins important winter food for birds

on range of soil types including raw mineral soil

S F W S

Ranunculaceae

ertile, can tolerate dry gravelly soils

organic matter, spread by creeping rhizomes

Christmas Fern

Color + Season: scarlet red flowers, blooms May to late summer dark

pink before maturing to glossy deep green

Growing Conditions: prefers consistently moist, humusy soils rich in Wildlife value + Benefits:

Witchhazel Hybrid ‘Primavera’

‘Double Queen’

maturing to pink, blooms July into September,Hoppanicle Hornbeamup to 8” long and 6”Form: 25-50’ tall, 20-35’ spread, upright and spreading branching due to its spreading habit Ostrya virginian wide, flower color changes with soil type Platanaceae Color + Season: red-brown flowers bloom in May; green to tan nutlet fruit

S F W S

Form: 2-4’ tall, dense, rounded terminal, head-like cluster of tubular flowers

Lamiaceae

quail, pheasants, other birds (goldfinch), and deer; butterfly larvae host

Form: 1.5-2.5’ tall and spread, arching fronds, behaves like groundcover

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts birds, butterflies, hummingbirds

Monarda didyma

white to pink-tinged flowers; reddish-green, knobby aggregate fruit opens in fall, orange red seeds, ornamental bark

Wildlife value + Benefits: Eastern redbud seeds or pods are eaten by

for native bees and butterflies; insects in turn attract insect-eating birds such as kinglets, phoebes, pine warblers and others

Color + Season: high quality foliage, dark green leaves, white flowers

Growing Conditions: grows best on moist, average soils; tolerates clay

Color + Season: medium to dark green leaves emerge with a bronze cast;

Growing Conditions: rich, well-drained soil in partial sun to partial shade for long-term optimum performance; relatively soil tolerant

and moisture, often growing on extreme sites

Wildlife value + Benefits: flowers are one of the earliest nectar sources

Autumn Fern

Form: up to 10’ tall, small tree or large shrub, multi-stemmed, upright + spreading branching, rounded or oval shape, dense-compace, twiggy nature

Form: 20-30 tall; 25-35 spread, spreading, flat-topped to rounded crown; branches down to ground Color + Season: bloom pink in April; yellow in fall

S F W S

Magnoliaceae

Growing Conditions: tolerates air pollution, tolerates wide range of soils

S F W S

Hydrangeaceae

spike blooming from top down, blooms July to September

Scarlet Bee-Balm

Fabaceae

Magnolia stellata

Color + Season: Deep red flowers appear in early to mid-April; scarlet red

Acer rubrum

Color + Season: tall spike of rose-purple flowers arranged in a long, dense

soil + drought

Star MagnoliaEastern Redbud ‘Royal Star’Cercis canadensis

evergreens ground cover Form: 10-20’ tall and spread, deciduous large shrub or small tree, fountain-like branching, course texture winter interest Wildlife value + Benefits: many birds + small mammals eat berry-like

Form: 2-4’ tall, erect, slender, linear grass-like leaves clumped towards

SPRING

Color + Season: blue-green needles with purplish cast in winter, waxy blue

Cupressaceae

Growing Conditions: grows best in moist, loamy soils hummingbirds

WINTER

Form: up to 12-16’ tall, 6-7’ spread, evergreen tree, medium texture, compact + dense growth, conical shape in youth, opens with age

Juniperus virginiana

S F W S

‘Shenandoah’Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans Switchgrass Family

Panicum virgatum

Wildlife value + Benefits: birds eat seeds, nectar bees, butterflies,

Poacea

S F W S

Form: 3-4’ clumps

Form: 4-6’, clumps

Color + Season: blue-green leaves turn yellow in fall, tan in winter

Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn intense red in fall, color deepens through season

Growing Conditions: tolerates light shade, moist soil but drought tolerant once established

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts butterflies, palatable + nutritious to

insects, larval host, high deer resistance

grazing species, provides cover for small mammals and songbirds

Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil + salt air Form: 1-6’ tall, 1-2’ spread, erect leafy stems, often in clusters; showy flower in 8” terminal spikes Color + Seasons: red flower, blooms July to October; also white and rose

colored forms

Growing Conditions: grows in rich, humusy, medium to wet soils, tolerates wet soil

Wildlife value + Benefits: attracts + depends on hummingbirds for pollination, attracts butterflies, tolerates deer + rabbits

‘Shenandoah’ Switchgrass

Panicum virgatum

Poacea

Form: 4-6’, clumps

Wildlife value + Benefits:

Color + Seasons: grayish green leaves turn intense red in fall, color deepens through season Growing Conditions: adaptable, tolerates dry to wet soil + salt air

S F W S

Wildlife value + Benefits:

0

4’

8’

KATE HAYES | PLANTED FORM + FUNCTION | SPRING 2012

DRIFTING ECOTONES KATE HAYES | PLANTED FORM + FUNCTION | SPRING 2012

Shifting nursery stock

0

Andropogon gerardii Schizachyrium scoparium

Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’ Tridens flavus Elymus hystrix Aster laevis ‘Bluebird’ Rudbeckia hirta

RIPARIAN VALLEY Platanus occidentalis,

Magnolia stellata ‘Royal Star’

Betula nigra ‘Heritage’

Cornus sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fire’

Amelanchier arbora

Vibernum lentago ‘Pink Beauty’

Salix chaenomeloides

Buxus sempervirens ‘Green Velvet’

Panicum virgatum ‘Cloud Nine’

fragrant walk

KATE HAYES | PLANTED FORM + FUNCTION | SPRING 2012

DRIFTING ECOTONES

whistling meander

Sorghastrum nutans

stock

Juniperus virginiana ‘Manhattan Blue’

Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Primavera’ Hydrangea paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ Rhus glabra Liatris spicata

Carpinus caroliniana Ilex verticillata Carex crinita Viola pubescens

Phlox paniculata ‘Fall Phlox’

Pycanthemum virginianum

Aquilegia canadensis

Lobelia cardinalis

Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’

Monarda didyma ‘Fireball’

Coreopsis tripteris ‘Lightening Flash’

Lobelia siphilita Asclepias incarnata

stock

4’

8’

PIEDMONT WOODLAND Acer rubrum ‘Autumn Flame’ Ostrya virginiana Cercis canadensis, Rebud

shady hike

stock

cool stroll

POLLINATOR MEADOW

PERENNIAL BORDER

Helleborus odorus ‘Double Queen’ Hosta sieboldiana ‘Frances Williams’ Polystichum acrostichoides Dryopteris erythrosora Galanthus elwesii

Early design development plan

0 8’ 16’

Overall site plan

Hayes | 25

Fagus grandifolia

26 | Hayes

Amelanchier arborea

Rhus typhinia

Site Reading

Diagramming

G e o g r ap hic In f o r m atio n Sy s te m (GIS)

CAD + Detail Design

Ar tist Book

Collaboration

SKILLS Hayes | 27

Speed, tempo, and rhythm of movement and space Cardboard, clay, mesh site model

Site Reading: Installation, Collage, Model Skills: modeling, Photoshop digital collage, installation Process is integral to design, and these investigations are examples of initial site explorations into the greater area of Observatory Hill, Charlottesville. The installation suggests movement, the breaking down of barriers, the changing ground surface, and the creation of new space. The model explores notions of the ground: two fields combining at a seam with a structural, underlying geology. And the collage is a study of the speed, tempo, and rhythm of human movement and space around Observatory Hill.

28 | Hayes

100’ sinuous path raked through the woods

Site Reading: Rain Garden Spatial Sequence Skills: on-site drawing, perspective drawing, drafting

Hayes | 29

Diagramming: The Academical Village Skills: conceptual model making, diagramming by hand Model: one-week team project; Diagrams: individual work

30 | Hayes

Environmental Injustice Environmental Injustice in in Washington Washington D.C.: D.C.: Race, Race, Waste, Waste, and and Water Water Kate Hayes | SARC 5555 Kate Hayes | SARC 5555

mental Injustice in Washington D.C.: Race, Waste, and Water

SARC 5555

Total Population African American Total Population 25African - 650 American

water discharge points

25 - -650 650 1500

k k

water discharge points toxic release inventory

650 - 1500 1500-2250 1500-2250 2250 - 3000 2250 - 5000 3000 3000 3000 - 5000

Demographics + Topography (Hillshade) Demographics + Topography (Hillshade) Demographics + Topography

0

0.75 1.5

3 Miles

0

0.75 1.5

3 Miles

¯ ¯

Contamination Contamination Contamination

toxic release inventory combined sewer outfalls

0

0.75 1.5

3 Miles

combined sewer outfalls

0

0.75 1.5

3 Miles

¯ ¯

k k

Total Population African American 25 - 650 650 - 1500

k

toxic release inventory

1500-2250 2250 - 3000

0

3000 - 5000

hics + Topography (Hillshade)

k k

water discharge points

0.75 1.5

¯

3 Miles

combined sewer outfalls

3 Miles

¯

k k

25 650- -650 1500 650 - 1500 1500-2250

kk kk k kk k

1500-2250 2250 - 3000 2250 3000 -- 3000 5000

kkkk kkkkk k k k k k k k k k

k k

Potomac River watershed

k k k k 1.5 k k

Potomac River watershed Anacostia River watershed

0

0.75

Anacostia River watershed

0

0.75 1.5

3000 - 5000

Contamination Source Points Contamination Source Points

water discharge points

k

water discharge points toxic release inventory toxic release inventory combined sewer outfalls

kk kk

k k k k k

combined sewer outfalls

Combined Sewer System Watersheds Combined Sewer System Watersheds 3 Miles 3 Miles

k k

¯ ¯

points of river access points of river access

Points of Access Points of access Points of Access

Potomac River watershed

Potomac River watershed Anacostia River watershed 0 0.75 1.5

Anacostia River watershed LEGEND: 0 0.75 1.5

3 Miles

¯

¯ k points of river access Population points of river access African American kTotal 3 Miles

k

k k

25 - 650

GIS:

1.5 1.5

3 Miles 3 Miles

¯¯

2250 - 3000

k

Race, Waste + Water: Environmental Justice in Washing ton DC

3000 - 5000

k k

Contamination Source Points water discharge points

k

toxic release inventory combined sewer outfalls

kk

k k k

Combined Sewer System Watersheds

Potomac River watershed

Sewer System Watersheds

k

1500-2250

k k kkkk k k

River watershed Skills: GISAnacostia data analysis, Illustrator

0 0

k

Data Source: http://data.dc.gov and DC Water Data Source: http://data.dc.gov and DC Water

650 - 1500

kk

k k

k k

25 - 650

Contamination

Combined Sewer System Watersheds Combined Sewer System Watersheds Combined Sewer System Watersheds

LEGEND: 0 0.75 1.5 LEGEND: Total Population African American Total Population African American

k k

0

k k k

0.75 1.5

Points of Access

k 3 Miles

Potomac River watershed

points of river access

¯

Anacostia River watershed 0 0.75 1.5

k

points of river access

3 Miles

¯

0

1.5

3 Miles

¯

Data Source: http://data.dc.gov and DC Water

Hayes | 31

Meadow Cultivation

Limb-Up Trees

Unpruned Forest

Detail Design:

maintenance

F o r t To t t e n , W a s h i n g t o n D . C .

Skills: grading, detail design, planted form, AutoCAD Plan + section: group work; detail: individual work Working from the detail scale up to the site scale, this intervention for the Civil War’s Fort Totten incorporated individually designed details into a collaborative scheme for the entire park. With a focus on maintenance regimes and topography, this detail design for a series of step platforms negotiates these historical earthworks and encourages circulation in areas of the park currently dominated by shrubs and brush. Building off this detail design, the design for the entire park registers subtle changes and exaggerations of topography and vegetation. Formal moves catalyze emergent uses and movement. Building off this tension of formal and informal circulation, the design for a park implies future circulation to enhance connectivity and topography and to imbue a sense of identity and place within a park that is not widely recognized as a historic Civil War fort.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

circulation

Pine Groves

Shrub Borders

Orchard

planted form 0’

32 | Hayes

200’

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

E-W section through earthworks

100’

2” = 1’-0”

soil

5”

8”

5”

steel metal mesh 2”

2.5”

bolts cast in concrete

2”

2”

2”

2”

2”

2”

2”

2”

concrete base

2”

0.5” 3”

2”

2”

3”

0.5” 2”

2”

3”

2”

0’

2”

steel welded mesh diameter = 0.3”

2” 2”

diameter = 1/2”

2”

50’

100’

Detail, grading + circulation interventions

screw, washer, nut

2” 2”

concrete

2”

steel i-beam

2”

2” = 1’-0” 0.5” 3”

2”

2”

3”

0.5” 2”

2”

3”

36” 2”

steel

1.5” 3”

welded

3”

diameter = 1/2”

3” 1.5”

concrete

4”

Detail AutoCAD drawings Hayes | 33

Book cover

A r t i s t ’s B o o k : R e g r o u n d i n g To p o g r a p h y Skills: basic book binding and embossing Professor: Julian Raxworthy Topography was originally the structural base of the Washington DC area. The 1902 McMillan Plan singled out the city’s topography as a significant resource and urged for the preservation of the Fort Circle Parks as open space.

Today, topography is overrun by jurisdictional boundaries, infrastructure, and development, and we have lost the sense of and relationship with the ground. Regrounding the network, fort, and detail scales in topography through strategies of structural base, perspective, and aspect brings us back to the experience and feeling of topography, and challenges today’s superficial two-dimensional representations.

34 | Hayes

1. Network as Structural Base: Redefine the once dominant topographic bowl. Recognize that the streets are highly dependent on topograpy, and that the topography extends beyond the city limits.

2. Fort as Perspective: Physically, visually, and conceptually gain perspective by emphasizing the feeling that you are at the highest point in the city. Bring back the ability to place yourself in the city based on the topography.

3. Detail as Aspect: Understand earthworks as intentional topographic constructions in the landscape. Highlight and repurpose them based on aspect and the different feelings of being adjacent to, outside, or inside these spaces.

Hayes | 35

urban dictionary: 1. an exclamation of astonishment or approval; 2. an exclamation generally used for something positive or in the affirmative. usually used in the deep south

1_DREAM: The Rivanna River is no longer a natural river; it is impossible to restore it to its native, pre-settlement state. Instead, we suggest an alternative future for the Rivanna, one based on keeping people in the city and collectively helping them recognize the wild in their own backyards.

THE BEACON Penn Park

label and write a sentance text for all drawings

James River

So

uth

we st

Mts

idg eM ts eR Blu

Ap

pa

lac

ha

in

Mts

Rivanna River

Rivanna River’s context of surrounding mountains and valleys

THE “OLYMPIC” TORCH Darden Towe Park

25

0/

Ric

hm

on

2_PROPOSAL: HOT DAM is a network of dams that pulls in the surrounding neighborhoods to activate and revitalize the Rivanna’s waterfront.

A series of Rivanna check dams will eddy and tumble water, transforming sections of the river into dynamic, multifunctional fountains and outdoor rooms for civic gathering. The spectacle of bonfires at each dam refigures ordinary engineering into extraordinary places. People will walk out above the water, cross the river on dam segments and footbridges, dip into swimming holes, and gather around public hearths. HOT DAM will become a hot destination for Charlottesville citizens and visitors.

dR

d

Material Construction

Hig

hS

t

3_URBAN WILD: By recognizing and capitalizing on the wild in our city, HOT DAM promotes a fresh vision of urban nature that heightens awareness of the Rivanna

THE FLAME THROWER Circus Grounds

within the city’s boundaries.

Dammed Water Levels

THE BONFIRE Riverview Park Ma

rke

The Rivanna, with its wildness captured and amplified by cascading water and jumping flames, will again constitute a gathering space of great import. The Rivanna had long been the primary locus for the lives of the region’s native Monacans, and for the Europeans, Africans, and Americans who cultivated Virginia’s Piedmont. These people initially traveled, gathered, plowed, and settled on the Rivanna. We envision a revitalized river again providing centers of gravity, wilderness, and civilization, experienced by remaining within our community rather than by traveling away from it.

tS

t

Hydrology and Viewsheds

4_PEOPLE: Fire takes on different characteristics to create rooms in and on , thereby encouraging playful gathering, recreation, and cross-community continuity.

THE LUMINAIRE Woolen Mills

C ollaboration: The Rivanna River All-School Competition Charlottesville, January 2013 Co-led group of 12 students, one-week long charrette Honorable Mention Award from Adriaan Geuze

The design starts away from the river, using clear paths to help channel people to the Rivanna just as the river itself channels water from the Blue Ridge to the James on the way to the Atlantic beyond. On the north stands a UVA rehabilitation center that relies upon the park stretched along the river as a healing and restorative landscape. On the south is Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello. In between we have rooms of water, hearths of fire, places of residence, recreation, and restaurants, fish culture, canoe rentals, and local food markets. The design draws upon, frames, and then extends to the future a rich web of history, culture, and environment that is based on the experience of urban nature, a perspective that goes beyond traditional agendas of the restoration

HOT DAM layered construction of “The Flame Thrower”

I-6

4

of a “Scenic River.”

Mo

nti

ce

llo

HOT DAM! is a network of multi-functional dams that pulls in the surrounding neighborhoods to activate and revitalize this waterfront. These dams eddy and tumble water to create moments of spectacle, transforming an ordinary infrastructure into a main destination.

36 | Hayes

TEAM 20

C ollaboration: Conser vation through Development

Weaving and stitching our conceptual strategy onto a 1.5 x 3 meter canvas

Lattrop, Netherlands, Fall 2011 European Master in Landscape Architecture Program Group project of 12 international students The Lattrop landscape is unique for its “essen� which are topographically higher fields formed by centuries of farmers adding sod and manure to improve the soil.

This group proposal repurposes this esche-scape for current development and conservation needs.

Hayes | 37

“Idealizing a distant wilderness too often means not idealizing the environment in which we actually live, the landscape that for better or worse we call home” “Wildness is in our own backyards, of the nature that is all around us if only we have the eyes to see it” --William Cronon

38 | Hayes

THESIS Hayes | 39

The Wild Anacostia: cultivating a thick edge t ypolog y through ever yday experience Spring 2013 Thesis advisors: Elizabeth K. Meyer + Leena Cho Collaborating with the Anacostia Watershed Society + Anacostia Community Musuem (Smithsonian Institute) Many urban rivers today can be labeled as “thin parks,” physically and spatially separated from their surrounding communities. This design thesis harnesses the momentum from President Obama’s America’s Great Outdoors Initiative and the narratives associated with Anacostia River in Washington DC, to cultivate a “thick edge” typology for urban rivers.

By catalyzing human appropriation and drawing on everyday activities, this thick edge, expressed in the form of a trail, walk, and path network, acts as a guide for discovering and fostering a stronger, reciprocal relationship with the urban wild.

to C hes

ape

ake

Bay

With a trail, walk, and path network that both adds and adapts to the existing Anacostia River Trail, this design is site specific yet replicable to other urban national parks through four main thickening strategies. These four strategies bring renewed life back to a river that has historically been misconceived and branded as the “Forgotten River.”

A thick edge: this landscape framework plan reveals the Anacostia’s complex layers of fluxes and flows, embedding the river in its context 40 | Hayes

water crossing

tidal ground

impervious ground

An

toxic ground

aco

stia

Ave SE

k

h

t or

r Pa

VE R

ilw

OS

TI

A

RI

s rd

or

th

n Ke

wa to

Riverview Terrace Community

AN

AC

N

I-29 5`

bus stop

PEPCO Benning Plant

Fort Circle Parks system

K

WAL

infiltration creeping vegetation

culverted stream historical tributary oga tion

3’ tidal

TRAIL PLANTED FORM: whisping grasses

nta

neo u

sp

MATERIALS: rhythmic ground plane

drifts

signals movement

guides views casts shadows

smooth

contrasting

hollow

reflecting

vibrating

signaling

crunching

spo

secretive

topographic

trampled

historical seawall

contaminants in sediment

rop

PATH

Ideograms + models: By highlighting historical and socio-ecological conditions, sites on the Anacostia can be categorized into four main conditions based on the relationship between land and water: impervious ground, tidal ground, toxic ground, and water crossing.

Hayes | 41

The Anacostia’s watershed is highly urbanized. Through a series of reclamation acts, the river itself was dredged, the marshes drained, and a seawall built to contain the river, reinforcing this thin typology.

176 square miles

north to Maryland regional trails

800,000 residents

Bladensburg, MD

43 fish species

a

a

ne tw or k wa of te tra rs ils he an d ur of ba flo ni ws ze d wa te rs he d

200 bird species

Legend

2

1

0

2 Miles

Legend

2

1

0

2 Miles

clear the forests tidal marshes develop the marshes

Benn

ing Ro ad

Bri

dg e

ck d tra

n

oa

Railr

19

42

-

20 1968: K 13 enilw : e orth L xis andf tin ill in o g perat co ion nd iti o

an

pl

po

al

:p

ro

ori

91 18

18

91

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tin

se

g

d

co

nd

dr ed

gi

iti

ng

on

e ft h Pe te ba r C th . H ym ai et n’s ry M su ap rv ey o a

19 14 19 : An 16 ac 19 : Kin ostia 28 gm Riv a 19 : tw e 30 o is n + r Fla H ’s: la t wa nd erita s Ac te s in ge t rg at Kin Isla n e to gma ds m Kin n gm Lak ade an e m fro La ad m d e ke fro red ge m m ne a w br teria id ge l dr ed ge s

ac An

lan tP nf an C. L’E re ier

ge

rid

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Fre S C deri ap ck D ito l S oug tre lass et SW Mem

ee Str

:P

th

17

s

CSX

11

fill the “flats”

ilip Pe So nn us sy a lva Bri nia dg Av e e

dge

1 Miles

Whitney Young Memorial Bridge East Capitol Street (1955 extented)

Ph

Bri

0.5

g Jr

0.25

Kin

0

n

er

south to Blue Plains

Jo h

Luth

deepen the channel

tin

91

tidal mud flats

Mar

os

tia

1861 Benning Bridge constructed

Th e Forgot ten River Many people are unaware of the Anacostia River’s location or potential in our nation’s capital. With over 90% of the adjacent land government-owned, there is a great opportunity to transform this urban river into a “thick edge.” The National Park Service and America’s Great Outdoors are leading the design and construction of the Anacostia River Trail, highlighted as an innovative model for urban national parks around the country.

As urban national parks are some of the most visited parks around the country, the Anacostia River Trail provides an opportunity for a new strategy for experiencing the urban wild, one that grows and changes over time, and supports and encourages human appropriation of the wild instead of isolating and separating it. It is an urban wild that is not about escaping our everyday lives but is about inspiring and interpreting the wild in our own backyards.

42 | Hayes

The construction of asphalt trails separate human experience from dynamic processes in the landscape and reinforce the mythlogy of wilderness

+HP

Anacostia River +HP

trail

+HP

+HP

walk

NPS Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens

existi

Eastern Senior High School

Thicken by widening (impervious ground): RFK Stadium + site for future development

Thicken by encompassing (tidal ground): Kenilworth Marsh + Aquatic Gardens

ng boar dwa lk

Kenilworth Landfill

Gol ston + La ng

.0

il 3

tra

o reline

Anac ostia

ic sh

Rive

r

King man

E Capitol St NE

wa ter

to

his

r

King man

walk

Lake

DC Armory

r

Mayfair Neighborhood

Anac ostia

l ai tr

nels

King man

Islan

d

Rive

water

0

1.

lk

swale s

wa

+ run

St. Coletta Charter School

.0

il 4

tra

Isla nd

RFK Stadium

trail 2.0

f Co

urse

Heritage Island

tra

il

Emergency Service Complex

400’

Educare

re tr ail

200’

Cezar Chaves Middle + High School Thomas Elementary School

futu

0

Thicken by multiplying (toxic ground): Kenilworth Landfill + Park

ex is

g

tra il

CS I-2 X 95 Ra ilw ay

tin

PEPCO Benning Power Plant

Thickening Strategies The lines of a trail, walk, and path network give form to and thicken – both the spatial dimension and the awareness of – the Anacostia and break down and extend the boundaries of this urban river system by hybridizing the rhythms and movements of the daily lives of the community with those of the urban wild.

Benning

ia River

River Terrace Elementary School

Anacost

walk

tr ai

l

Kingman Lake

Road

outfall CSO

River Terrace Neighborhood sh or eli ne

Kingman Island

hist oric

These four thickening strategies encourage the interaction of everyday activities and a renewed relationship to water, from recreation and experience to cultivation and ownership. With the trace of the trail, the ritualized journey of the walk, and the discovery of the path, the designs of these threshold conditions engage all five senses through shape, materiality, topography, direction, and gradients of the wild, to draw on visible and invisible processes in the river landscape.

PEPCO Benning Plant

Metro line

Thicken by meandering (water crossing): River Terrace Park + Neighborhood Heritage Island

0

200’

400’

The Sites: the four site plans represent strategic plans for each thickening proposal.

Hayes | 43

no existing trail on site

high tide

at construction

historic seawall

moss

dividing + directin

wid rrows in lies + na

water flow

low tide

ltip trail mu

existing condition

new soil seed bank

mud gravel

existing condition

t

l char

y tida

weekl

“safe to swim� level

n inatio ntam ring co monito

time + events

two-faced trail condition: toxic vs remediated ecologies

culverted stream

seeds sprout

th as sit

at construction

dry

ediated e is rem

months later

location

existing condition

observe + absorb

wildflowers bloom

prospect

central runnel begins

widen to filter biking

bench

at construction

5 years

shadows

1 year

trail multiplies to mark phased remediation process

spring summer

play + perform

trail splits into two to accommodate flood waters

widen to filter jogging

spring tide

10 years

floodplain

concrete extension

winter 2 years

fall

dry

wet

trail becomes concrete at top of landfill watershed

3 years

widen to filter lingering

1 year

engage + immerse

wildflowers bloom on remediated side

stained

low tide

dry

residual flood waters + sediment

3 years

grooves hold water

5 years

rumble strips to slow down

major event

replace aslphalt with concrete

cracking

high tide

trampled two ecologies become one

5 years

off-season

land to water

trail narrows again as it moves to higher ground

Thicken by widening: RFK Stadium + future development

Thicken by encompassing: Kenilworth Marsh + Aquatic Gardens

6 years

trail through forest canopy

Thicken by multiplying: Kenilworth Landfill + Park

Thicken by meandering: River Terrace Park + Neighborhood

The Trail: Conceptual and sequential cross sections and notational sequences reveal change over time in each thickening strategy, showing the trail construction and a weathering material palette of asphalt, concrete, and planted form.

44 | Hayes

RFK Stadium

Independence Ave

parking lots

DISTANCE: 0.2 miles, 260 paces TIME: 4 min walk, 2 min jog, 1 min bike FREQUENCY: ephemeral events, sport seasons

boat

fish

watch

linger jog bike walk trample

play

tailgate

50’

filter

0

filter

prepare

less frequent, more impact

100’

Thicken by widening: RFK Stadium + site for future development

DISTANCE: 0.5 miles, 660 paces TIME: 11 min walk, 6 min jog, 3.5 min bike

aquatic gardens

cultivate

plant

learn

watch

high tide

tide dependent

monitor sediment

kayak

flood

encompass

gauge water levels

swim

low tide

FREQUENCY: tidal dependent

tide dependent

0

50’

100’

Thicken by encompassing: Kenilworth Marsh + Aquatic

“...in the mid-1960s I drove to work daily on Rt. 295 past the city dump located on the river just north of Benning Road.

My route to work at that time took me across the bridge there every day... They were still burning the trash at that time.

If the wind was blowing from the west.... it was not uncommon for the visibility to drop to near zero on the highway and to see flaming pieces of paper and debris flying through the air.” –John Nichols, 1 February 2013

Thomas Elementary School

school yard

play phased frequency + impact

1 year

plant seed bank

trample

cut back branches

monitor soil

remediate

cultivate plants

2 years

mountain bike

wander

remediate

explore

3 years

5 years

point of prospect

enclose

DISTANCE: 0.4 miles, 528 paces TIME: 10 min walk, 5 min jog, 3 min bike FREQUENCY: school year, afternoons

0

50’

100’

Thicken by multiplying: Kenilworth Landfill + Park

DISTANCE: 0.15 miles, 200 paces TIME: 4 min walk, 2 min jog, 1 min bike FREQUENCY: school year, afternoons and summer 0

50’

100’

school yard play

file in line

trample

exercise

observe

learn

trample

play

immerse

engage

more frequent, less impact

Thicken by meandering: River Terrace Park + Neigh-

The Walk: Grounded by key cultural institutions in the community, the walk connects the movement and rhythms of everyday life in the community to the trail and river.

Hayes | 45

RFK Stadium

trample vegetation

water

infiltrate

Thicken by Widening

th

path

pa

At RFK Stadium, a site slated for future development, the trail widens to filter different speeds of movement of water and people. The trail harnesses people from large sports events to trample, and thereby tend, plants growing on and along the trail. Here, the urban wild is most evident in this spontaneous vegetation, with gradients of wild expressed in the expanding and contracting bands of plants.

These perspectives highlight the filtering of movement and change over time of the trail, as well as the strangely familiar aspects of the urban wild that are expressed through the relationship of spontaneous vegetation and the trampling from large events.

46 | Hayes

slope away from river to increase infiltration time

regrade for better views

cantilevered concrete dock

spontaneous vegetation

+10 years

open views + access to river bike +10 years jog fish

10’

12’

existing trail

bike lane

8’

36’

8’

jogger’s lane

This detail of the widened strategy for RFK Stadium ties together the detail construction and dimensions with everyday activities and experience.

Hayes | 47

swim once contamination levels drop

pa

th

Thicken by Encompassing At Kenilworth Marsh and Aquatic Gardens, the trail is designed to encompass flooding, registering and monitoring change on daily, annual, and generational time scales. Exaggerating micro-topography and marsh gradients, the trail splits around a central runnel, anticipating people moving aside to avoid low and wet spots. Here, the urban wild is expressed in a landscape of risk and the fear of the land changing shape so quickly with the incoming tide.

The relatively wetter concrete bed of the runnel gradually breaks down, overlapping recreational and ecological systems.

Experimenting and monitoring are also incorporated in the trail’s use.

48 | Hayes

school children cultivate seed bank

Thicken by Multiplying At Kenilworth Landfill and Park, the trail is designed to reveal and mark the phased remediation process through a series of topographic asphalt trails that multiply, evolve, and break down from one edge of the landfill to the other. These trail berms emphasize the artifice of the site by exaggeration and creation of a two-faced condition: a remediated side and a contaminated side. A seed bank, cultivated by kids from Thomas Elementary School, heightens this contrast, highlighting the urban wild and the fear of the invisible.

Phase I: trail heightens the contrast between remediated and toxic ground

Phase II: trail breaks down as landfill is remediated

Thicken by Meandering Signaling a culverted stream, a meandering group of trails mimics the pattern of the would-be stream and harnesses children’s play to interact with infrastructure. Connected to River Terrace Elementary, this schoolyard extension cultivates learning and highlights the urban wild of infrastructure, as the trail literally becomes immersed in concrete tunnels.

Engage + immerse

Play + perform

Observe + absorb Hayes | 49

KATE HAYES

khayes@virginia.edu | 202.215.1813 2817 Beechwood Circle, Arlington, VA 22207

EDUCATION University of Virginia, Master of Landscape Architecture, 2013 | Charlottesville, VA Completed design work, research, and/or teaching assistantships with Kristina Hill + Elizabeth K. Meyer

07.2010 – present

Danish Institute for Study Abroad | Copenhagen, Denmark

06.2008 – 08.2008

Stanford University, B.S. Earth Systems, 2008 | Stanford, CA Study abroad fall 2006, University of Queensland, Australia

09.2004 – 06.2008

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Landscape Architecture Intern, Dumbarton Oaks | Washington, D.C. Work in the historical gardens; pursue research categorizing the many unrealized visions and narratives of the Anacostia River Extern, Michael Van Valkenburgh & Associates | Brooklyn, NY Intern, OLIN | Philadelphia, PA Developed green infrastructure design for a Philadelphia schoolyard; co-led project with fellow interns and presented our design to OLIN and the community; phase I of project to be built by summer 2013; integrated into OLIN project teams Extern, Terrain: Landscape Architecture & Constructed Ecologies | New York, NY Intern, SWA Group Summer Program | Sausalito, CA + Laguna Beach, CA Selected to participate in joint design studio and internship program; designed a proposal to address sea level rise on the Sausalito waterfront; created illustrative plan, perspectives, and presentation for client Extern, Oehme Van Sweden | Washington, DC Associate, AtSite, A Sustainable Buildings Company | Washington, DC Researched sustainable building initiatives; wrote and edited energy conservation measures; analyzed energy data and optimization strategies.

06.2013 – 08.2013 01.2013 06.2012 – 08.2012

01.2012 06.2011 – 08.2011

01.2011 08.2009 – 01.2010

ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE & ACTIVITIES Stanford Varsity Lightweight Crew | Stanford, CA Four-year varsity rower; member of the 2008 Pocock Lightweight All-American Team; Cardinal Award 2006 for spirit, dedication, and leadership;

captain for two seasons; 3rd place finish at Intercollegiate Rowing Association Nationals 2008

09.2004 – 06.2008

High School Rowing Coach, National Cathedral School | Washington D.C.

11.2009 – 05.2010

50 | Hayes

ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE Administrator, Environmental Thought and Practice Program | Charlottesville, VA Support and mentor about 30 undergraduate students in the interdisciplinary ETP major; organize graduation; promote ETP alumni relations; advocate for the development of a new ETP Masters Program

10.2010 – 05.2013

UVA Landscape Architecture Graduate Admissions Committee | Charlottesville, VA Student representative on admissions committee to review graduate applications for class of 2016; organize and participate in open houses

10.2012 – 04.2013

Head Teaching Assistant, Kristina Hill’s Foundation Studio II | Charlottesville, VA Oversaw a collaborative group of TAs; helped prepare lessons; assessed student progress; gave weekly desk critiques

01.2012 – 05.2012

European Master in Landscape Architecture (EMiLA) Workshop | Amsterdam, Netherlands Selected as one of six UVA students to participate in a 10 day international workshop to reimagine the Dutch cultural landscape

09.2011

HONORS, AWARDS, & PUBLICATIONS Stanley and Helen Abbott Award | UVA Department of Landscape Architecture In recognition of excellence in the study of landscape architecture and for promise in the field, presented by the department faculty

05.2013

Merit Award, “Market Gradients” studio project | Virginia ASLA

05.2013

Lunch8: Futures for Sites Unknown | UVA School of Architecture Student Journal “SWAMP THING + SMART GRID: smarter water management in New Orleans, LA” co-written with project partner Isaac Cohen

spring 2013

Plat Journal 3.0: Collective Disruption | Rice University School of Architecture Journal “Sand Engine: choreographing change through dynamic processes in Norfolk, VA”

spring 2013

Honorable Mention, The Rivanna River Vortex All-School Competition, “HOT DAM!” | Charlottesville, VA Co-led a team of 12 graduate and undergraduate students to an “Honorable Mention” award from visiting critic Adriaan Geuze; interviewed on the local NBC 29 news and featured in Charlottesville Today “Market Gradients” Studio Project | Charlottesville Local Market, Charlottesville, VA Proposed new design for the Charlottesville Market that features city’s new green infrastructure standards; project selected to be shared

with local landscape architecture firm to assess feasibility of design; featured on UVA Architecture School website Lunch7: Conversations | UVA School of Architecture Student Journal Foundation Studio II project featured in “Sand Engines” article written by Professor Kristina Hill

01.2013

08.2012 – 12.2012

spring 2012

International Exhibition of Landscape Architecture | Barcelona, Spain Work selected by faculty to be displayed in International Exhibition on Landscape Architecture University Projects at the Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura de Barcelona and other European Universities

09.2012 – 10.2012

Merit Based Fellowship | UVA Department of Landscape Architecture Awarded for academic merit and potential by Landscape Architecture Department for full three years of graduate school

07.2010 – 05.2013

TECHNICAL SKILLS Proficient in Adobe Creative Suite, Microsoft Office, Rhino, AutoCAD, Sketchup, ArcGIS, model making, drawing + drafting Hayes | 51

University of Virginia | Master of Landscape Architecture, 2013 Stanford University | Bachelor of Science, Earth Systems, 2008 khayes@virginia.edu | 202.215.1813