Typography Process Book
Kaytlin Powell April 2016
Exercise One Process
There were 24 versions these were the best 6
Exercise One Final
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all
Reading (process)
language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refi nement. In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a
interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers
means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between
an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.
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Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally DQG VRFLDOO\ VLWXDWHG 7KH UHDGLQJ SURFHVV UHTXLUHV FRQWLQXRXV SUDFWLFH GHYHORSPHQW DQG UH¿ QHPHQW ,Q DGGLWLRQ UHDGLQJ UHTXLUHV FUHDWLYLW\ and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
Readers may use context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music
sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers may use context
notation or pictograms. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (as in the case
clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read
of Braille).
into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two Reading (process)
interpretations. There are no concrete laws
From Wikipedia
in reading, but rather allows readers
the free encyclopedia
an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate
of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex
symbols into sounds or visual representa-
interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the
Reading is a complex cognitive process of
tions of speech) and comprehension.
reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language
decoding symbols in order to
Readers may use context clues to identify
community which is culturally and socially situated.
construct or derive meaning (reading com-
the meaning of unknown words.
prehension).
Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems,
Other types of reading are not speech
such as music notation or pictograms. The common link is the inter-
based writing systems, such as music
pretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations
notation or pictograms. The common link
or tactile signals (as in the case of Braille).
is the interpretation of symbols to
It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is
extract the meaning from the visual
shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language
notations or tactile signals (as in the case
community which is culturally and socially situated.
of Braille).
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be
Reading is a complex cognitive process of
Like all
decoding symbols in order to
language, it is a complex interaction between
acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all
construct or derive meaning (reading
the text and the reader which is
language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is
comprehension). It is a means of language
shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge,
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language
shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language
acquisition, of communication, and of
experiences, attitude, and language
sharing information and ideas.
community which is culturally and socially
community which is culturally and socially situated.
controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.
situated.
There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers
The reading process requires
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two
an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
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interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each
an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to
Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from
them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
the visual notations or tactile signals (as in the case of Braille). Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers may use context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
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analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to
derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of commu-
construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of
nication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction
language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and
between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior
ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and
knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially
the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior
situated.
knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
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In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make
analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to
ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make
them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe. Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two
sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers may use context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
Project One Process
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding and comprehension.Readers may use context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (as in the case of Braille).
The reading process requires continuous practice, development, DQG UHÂż QHPHQW ,Q DGGLWLRQ reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
A complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means
acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
language, it is a complex interaction
Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers may use context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema (schemata theory).
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.
(reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing
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Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.
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Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding and comprehension.
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Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude,
the texts describe.
and language
ucts introspectively. This promotes deep exploration
community which is culturally and
of texts during interpretation.
socially situated.
of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas.
Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms.
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
Readers may use Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior
context clues to
knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community
identify the meaning
which is culturally and socially situated.
of unknown words.
read into their existThe reading process requires continuous practice, develop-
ing framework of knowledge or schema
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A Complex Process
the words they have
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Reading : A Complex Process
The reading process requires continuous practice, GHYHORSPHQW DQG UHÂżQHPHQW In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms.
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Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation. Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension. Readers may use context clues to identify the meaning of unknown words. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge or schema. Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (as in the case of Braille).
The reading process requires
continuous practice, develop-
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tion, reading requires
creativity and critical analysis.
Consumers of literature make
There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
ventures with each
and language
socially situated.
piece, innately deviating from
edge, experiences, attitude,
community which is culturally and
literal words to create images
shaped by the reader’s prior knowl-
that make sense to
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Reading is a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.
between the text and the reader
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Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge,
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experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement. In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
Reading, a complex process, cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readersan escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
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Reading (process)
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Reading cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
tion, and of sharing information and ideas. Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals.
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Other types of reading are not speech based writing systems, such as music notation or pictograms. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (as in the case of Braille).
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Reading cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations. There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively. This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.
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Language Acquisition
Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refi nement. In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
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Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement. In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis. Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.
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Project 2
Information for Project 2
Mesopotamia
Sumerian ● Social and cultural ○ The first form of writing developed from the cultural need to keep track of how many clay tokens, which were used for counting agricultural and manufactured goods, were in sealed jars to prevent theft and loss. Ancient Sumerians first impressed pictures of the clay tokens on the surface of the clay container with a stylus. Over time, the clay tokens were no longer used and the Sumerians simply impressed the symbol of the tokens on wet clay surfaces. ● Tech. Breakthroughs ○ The Sumerians show some of the oldest developments of a writing system out of the ancient tribes. (add more) ● Styles ○ The Sumerian writing system was constantly in flux. The original writing system started out flowing from top to bottom, but around 3000 BCE the flow changed to leftright. This affected all of the signs of the language, rotating them 90 degrees counterclockwise. In addition, after 3000 BCE the ‘linear’ strokes of the early signs changed to more ‘wedgelike’ impressions. ● Works ○ Cuneiform Tablet ○ Another Cuneiform Tablet Cuneiform ● Social and Cultural ○ Developed by the Sumerians, Cuneiform is a system of writing that has affected nearly every ancient Mesopotamian civilization in the region. It was used by Babylonians, Akkadians, Hittites, Assyrians, and other smaller groups as the universal language of the day, much how English is integrated in many countries around the world as a second or first national language. ● Tech. Breakthroughs
addition, the number systems used were radically different than the ones of the cultures to the west. ● Works ○ Behistun Relief ○ Close Up Egypt Papyrus ● Social and Cultural ○ The Egyptians began their writing system around the same time as the Sumerians, and they even wrote on many of the same surfaces as the Sumerians; clay, stone, bone, metal, and leather were all used for writing in the ancient world. However, the Egyptians used a material that was found in abundance along the Nile Delta and in the Sudd of Southern Sudan. Papyrus was a wetland sedge that was a highly versatile material that became a staple in the lives of the Egyptians and other surrounding cultures, and because of it’s abundance and relative ease to make, became the paper material of choice for hieratic script and some hieroglyphics. ● Tech. Breakthroughs ○ The invention of the papyrus paper allowed for other uses of the papyrus reed to come about. Not only did the Ancient Egyptians use papyrus as a writing material, but also as employing it commonly in the construction of reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, baskets, and other common household items. Papyrus was also used to form bookform codices by early Christian writers and in the GrecoRoman world. ● Styles ○ Papyrus is a thick paperlike material derived from the pith of the papyrus plant. It was very cheap and easy to produce, however it was fragile and susceptible to both moisture and excessive dryness. Unless the papyrus was of perfect quality and stored in perfect conditions, the writing surface would be irregular and the range of media that could be used was also limited. ● Works ○ A receipt for 401 ushabtis produced by padikhonsu
○ The earliest form of Cuneiform was called protocuneiform which was the pictorial form of the system. However, as the language became more complex and abstract ideas permeated the culture, they started applying wordconcepts through the strokes of the stylus. For example, some strokes would convey the concept of honor instead of drawing a wordsign of an honorable man. ● Styles ○ Cuneiform was adopted by the majority of the Middle eastern cultures, but each civilization had its own way of altering the written language to have their own style of mark. The Akkadians started using only five wedge shapes to further abstract the pictorial language of the Sumerians. After them, the Assyrians simplified long or frequently used words into logograms (symbols that represent parts of words or whole words). ● Works ○ Amarna tablet ○ Cuneiform Tablet Old Persian ● Social and Cultural ○ When the first Persian Empire of the Achaemenid Dynasty erupted in the 6th century BCE and spread from Mesopotamia to Afghanistan, there became a need to create a language of their own for all the subjects and conquered peoples to use. Old Persian uses the same tool for cuneiform, however, the actual forms have different meanings than the cuneiform system of the neighboring civilizations. Old Persian was generally used in registering chronicles, official documents, and other sorts of written materials. ● Tech. Breakthroughs ○ The majority of other cultures relied on using logograms, and in fact the Old Persian writing is not even a direct descendent of Sumerian Cuneiform. Instead, Darius the First of the Achaemenid Dynasty hired scribes to invent the language. The style of cuneiform was taken out of tradition and the actual shape of the signs are completely original. ● Styles ○ Old Persian forms are composed of the wedge shapes, but that is the only similarity to the Sumerian Cuneiform and its descendents. In the form of writing, the only diagonal wedges that are used are to separate the words and letters of the language. The disuse of diagonal wedges in words allow for a simpler, easier to read, flow of ‘straight’ text that is cleaner. In
○ Papyrus of Ani Hieroglyphics ● Social and Cultural ○ Hieroglyphics developed out of the cultural need to identify a pictorial representation with either a royal individual, such as a pharaoh, or to label a specific and unique event, such as a particular battle or successful hunt. Those needs allowed for the creation of using hieroglyphics for writing on monumental contexts. The addition of hieroglyphics to an illustration allowed the relief to become specialized; the writing reflected a new attitude toward time and a view of history as unique events in time. ● Tech Breakthroughs. ○ The Egyptian hieroglyphics is a very complex but relatively straightforward system, with the usage of logograms, phonograms, and determinatives. The use of pictograms is some of the most detailed and widely used out of the pictorial languages. ● Styles ○ The Egyptian culture retained a close relationship the fine arts when designing the pictures of the living beings or inanimate objects. The same models formed the basis of both writing and art, and the style of the writing symbols usually changed with the art style. The same craftsmen painted or incised both the writing symbols and reliefs. The hieroglyphs of objects that became obsolete and no longer needed were still used however because of the recognizability, much how the floppy disk is still the save icon on many programs. ● Use in Architecture ○ Hieroglyphics were reserved for important areas of the Egyptian culture. Before Hieratic script became the script of choice, priests used hieroglyphs to write down prayers, magical texts, and worshipping the gods. So it makes sense that Hieroglyphs were adorned on many walls in tombs, palaces, and even on semiprecious stones or rare woods and then inlaid into the walls or pieces of furniture. ● Works ○ Luxor temple writing on doorways ○ Akhenaten and Family Hieratic and Demotic script ● Social and Cultural
○ Hieratic script developed alongside the monumental hieroglyphics for use on smaller scrolls. It is a “priestly” script extensively used on manuscripts and paintings, but it’s only a rather cursive form of hieroglyphics. Demotic replaced hieratic script for everyday use in the 5th century and onward. Some demotic signs translate into more than one hieratic or hieroglyphic signs, so there isn’t a onetoone correspondence between demotic and the other two systems. ● Tech. Breakthroughs ○ The development of hieratic script alongside hieroglyphics is one of the first situations out of the ancient culture writing systems. They are related, parallel developments, rather than a single linear one. Demotic is derived from Hieratic, and it became much more slanted and easier to write for commoners. ● Styles ○ Hieratic script is always written and read from right to left. Before the 12th dynasty, hieratic could be written in either columns or horizontal lines, but during the reign of Amenemhat III horizontal writing became the standard. Hieratic is characterized by its cursive nature and use of ligatures for a number of characters, and much more standardized orthography than hieroglyphs. Like Hieratic, Demotic script is written and read from right to left and is a highly cursive script of hieratic script that barely resembles the parent form of hieroglyphs. ● Works ○ Edwin Smith Papyrus ○ Demotic script on rosetta stone Mediterranean Phoenician ● Social and Cultural ○ The Phoenician alphabet is amongst one of the oldest alphabets in the world, and was spread rapidly due to the maritime trading culture of Phoenician merchants who spread it into North Africa and Europe. Phoenician had longterm effects on the social structures of the civilizations which came in contact with it. Its simplicity not only allowed it to be used in multiple languages, but the easy to write forms allowed common people to learn how to write. The usage of writing by commoners
● Styles ○ The Greek alphabet is an angular styled alphabet, resembling the styles of the Phoenician alphabet. Early Greek was written righttoleft, but eventually its direction changed to boustrophedon which means “ox turning”, where the direction of writing changes every line. for instance, at the end of the ‘righttoleft’ line, the next line changes to ‘lefttoright’. The orientation of the letters also change when the writing direction changes. Inscriptions in Greek have been found on pillars and small, short, pedestals next to temples, buildings, and ‘acropoli’. ● Works ○ Inscription on a pedestal in the tunnel near the acropolis of Lindos ○ Inscribed Marble Base Latin ● Social and Cultural ○ The Latin language developed from the Etruscan writing system, where the Latium (where Latin is spoken and Rome is located) and Etruria (where the Etruscan language is spoken) regions are directly next to each other. The very first examples of the Latin alphabet resemble the Etruscan alphabet. Nearly all the letters were adopted with the same phonetic values and graphical shapes along with the writing directions. The Romans then altered this language over hundreds of years and over hundreds of miles during the conquests of the Empire. ● Tech. Breakthroughs ○ The Latin writing system became one of the most spread languages throughout the world, and is the basis for all western alphabets. It is the most ubiquitous writing system in the world. ● Styles ○ The classical Roman Latin alphabet only has an uppercase form, and it uses straight and strong strokes that have an imperialistic view. Because of its strong characterization, Roman inscriptions can be found on a large variety of buildings, either on friezes or on pillars and walls. The Pantheon in Rome, Italy has one of the most well known inscriptions on its frieze. ● Works ○ Pantheon ○ Arch of Titus
upset members of the royal and religious hierarchies of society, and thus the phoenician alphabet disintegrated many of these class divisions in certain cultures. ● Tech. Breakthroughs ○ Before the phoenician alphabet came the earliest known alphabetic inscriptions which are known as the Protocanaanite script through the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The Phoenician alphabet is a direct continuation of the “ProtoCanaanite” script of the Bronze Age collapse period. The simple forms also allowed for commoners and lesser citizens to learn to write. ● Styles ○ The Phoenician alphabet is a “consonantal alphabet” and only contains letters representing consonants. While directly descended from the Hieroglyphic script from Egypt, the style of the forms are very angular and seem to resemble cuneiform more. The angular styles became the basis for the Greek alphabet and thus the baseline for all western alphabets. ● Works ○ Phoenician stone tablets ○ Phoenician bowl fragment Greek ● Social and Cultural ○ The Greeks were the first Europeans to learn to write with an alphabet, and from them writing spread to the rest of Europe. But before the Greeks developed their alphabet, they tried to use a form of writing called Linear B, which was created by the Mycenaean people. But the Linear B alphabet wasn’t well suited for Greek grammar. After that, they adopted the Phoenician alphabet. Each local dialect had its own variants of the alphabet to suit the needs of the culture. The Ionian alphabet was eventually adopted in all Greekspeaking states, but before that the Euboean variant was carried to the Italic peninsula and adopted by Etruscan and eventually Latin. ● Tech. Breakthroughs ○ When the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet, they used the whole alphabet. However, unlike Greek, the Phoenician alphabet only had letters for consonants. To remedy that, they found letters in the Phoenician alphabet that represented sounds not found in the Greek language and modified them to represent vowels. The Phoenician letter ‘aleph’ became the Greek letter alpha.
Sources : ● Jerusalem Besieged Cline ● Illustrated Atlas of Jerusalem Bahat ● JerusalemAn Archaeological Biography Shanks ● http://www.ancientscripts.com/sumerian.html ● Metmuseum.org (image database) ● http://www.ancient.eu/cuneiform/ ● https://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/ancient_texts/elamarna.sht ml ● http://sites.la.utexas.edu/persian_online_resources/historyofthelanguage/oldp ersianscript/ ● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus ● http://ancientscripts.com/egyptian.html ● http://www.britannica.com/topic/hieroglyphicwriting ● http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/thecollectiononline/search/328901 ● http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/thecollectiononline/search/328905 ● http://www.ancientscripts.com/chinese.html ● http://historyworld.org/hieroglyphics.htm ● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieratic ● http://www.ancientscripts.com/phoenician.html ● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet ● http://www.ancientscripts.com/greek.html ● http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/thecollectiononline/search/241847 ● http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/thecollectiononline/search/39918 ● http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/thecollectiononline/search/473393 ● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet#History ●
Words
contain a certain coloring
Emerged
Helvetica is an off white paint it is everywhere
Developed out of Legibility and Flexibility
Project 3 Process
Negative
Ultimate
typeface; end of one line of reasoning
Hoffmann one of the people involved with Helvetica
International not just domestic
Needs
Lives
in the powerful matrix of the surrounding space
Meaning should be in the text not in the type
Everywhere even on garbage trucks
Clarity
Started
Linotype
owners of Helvetica
Miedinger main designer of Helvetica
Typographer always has sensitivity to distance between letters
1950s
Life
We
were all ready for Helvetica
Project of Miedinger and Hoffmann
Space between the notes that make the music
Hard
Good
clean typeface for everything
Emerges when there is a need for rational typefaces
Communicates ideas of modernism to general public
Spacing
Text Messaging Building Blocks Research + Typographic Space Design + Documentation Text as image + Text as typography Typographic Form + Communication
Designed By Kaytlin Powell
Project 3 Final
Exercise 4 Process
Angry
Authority
Technical Industrial Educational
Fast
Should never say
Classic Sorrow Playful Elegant
“Look at
ME” “Look at THIS” It should always say
- David Craib
Good design must be defined by appropriateness to audience and Goals and by its effectiveness
not by its adherence to
Swiss design or the number of
awards it wins. Drew Davies
For me
ropriateness udience and Goals
its adherence to
wiss design
the number of
awards it wins.
Design
is like choosing
What
I’m going to
wear
that day only much more complicated and not really the same at all. Robynne Raye
Project 4 Process
Life is
Beautiful Roberto Benigni
Nicoletta Braschi
Giorgio Cantarini
The
D E V INSIDE L Evil Is Spreading
Tim Allen
Roy Sheider
J
Robert Shaw
Richard Dreyfuss
S
The terrifying motion picture from the terrifying No.1 Best seller
Daniel Radcliffe
Rupert Grint
Emma Watson
Yer a
Wizard Harry Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone
More amazing than the time Michael Jackson come over to your house to use the bathroom. Yeah, but
you know what? This one, this one right here. This was my dream, my wish. And it didn't come true. So I'm taking it Brand, God put that back. I'm taking them all back. rock there for a purpose... and, um... I'm not so sure you should, um...
Booby
Traps!
move it... Yeah
and you looks are kind of pretty.When your face isn't screwing it up.
ANDY! You Goonie!
Dad! Dad! It's my marble bag. The Fratelis forgot to check it. I emptied out all of my marbles and put the jewels in. We don't have to leave the boon docks!
C'mon Mikey, give me a lickery kiss! Baby! Ruth!
Goonies Never
Say Die!
The
Goonies