KEJU LIU 2018-2019 Urban Design 2013-2018 Architecture
RESUME
WORK EXPERIENCE 2017.10-2018.01 Intern, MADA s.p.a.m, Beijing
Project: “TENT” . Participated in project preliminary design and study . Drew assembly diagrams . Design and revise plans
2017.06-2017.08 Intern, China Northwest Architecture Design and Research Institute Co.Ltd, Xi’an Project: “Village Reconstruction” . Assisted chief Engineer with project plan . Made reports and SketchUp models . Assisted structural designer in finishing construction drawings . Conducted field investigations, site analysis and made conclusions about the site
2016.08-2016.09 Assistant Architect, Architecture Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University, Beijing Project: “Yanan Cultural Museum” . Produced project report to clients . Finished rendering and design analysis graphs . Assisted architects in early planning and project design
EDUCATION 2018.06-2019.05 Columbia University M.S.Architecture and Urban Design 2013.09-2018.06 Xi’an Jiaotong University Bachelor of Architecture 2016.07-2016.08 University of California at Berkeley Summer Session
ACHIEVEMENTS 2017 DIGITAL CITY, Architectural Design Competition Kitakyushu, Japan, (First Prize) . Conducted environment survey around the site and designed the questionnaire . Built the model and used Fluent to complete environmental simulation . Produced related rendering and design analysis diagrams
2016-2017 Research on Infrastructure Distribution for the Elderly Xi’an
. Analyzed problems in infrastructure distribution and obtained behavior characteristics of the elderly . Processed data and used visual charts to illustrate time-space behavioral patterns of the elderly
PUBLICATIONS Research on Accessibility Evaluation and Planning Strategy of Urban Community Medical and Health Facilities Presented through collaboration with 2 other authors in Shinkenchiku, 09/2017
Research on Elderly Space-Time Behavior Visualization and Community Healthy Livable Environment Second Author, in Urban Design Forum, 12/2017
Research on the Investigation Methods of The Elderly Daily Life in Urban Community Based on GPS Data Analysis Presented through collaboration with 3 other authors in Journal of Architecture, 06/2017
SKILLS CAD, Adobe Illustrate, Photoshop, InDesign, After Effects, Premiere, SketchUp, Rhino, GIS,Climate Consultants, Envi-met Grasshopper (familiar with), Javascript(familiar with)
CONTENT
UNDERGRADUATE
GRADUATE
What If Urban Village Can Metabolize
Energy Bloom
Architecture
Paris Riverside Restaurant The Kowloon Walled City Museum Commu-Line
Urban Design
02 14 22 32
INTERN TENT Park
87 91
IMBY Global Profit, Local Scarcity Rooftop Garden THE XI
52 64 74 81 85
1
What If Urban Village Can Metabolize In China, with the continuous development of urbanization, a large number of urban villages are demolished every year. Displacement, unemployment and unfair compensation are all problems caused by this simple demolition. It can be said that this simple demolition is only to put these irregular elements to the edge of the city, but not really consider the meaning and value of the urban village. The new upgraded strategy will regard the urban village as an organism to respect their social significance along with urban development and pay attention to the self-metabolism and the residents' participation.
Individual Work 2017 Summer
2
DEMOLISHED AREA OF URBAN VILLAGE IN CHINA 2016 Lots of residents are suffering from displacement triggered by rapid demolition of urban villages and are losing their shelters. The social conflicts between residents and the government caused by the annual large-scale demolitions are the focus of modern city planner.
3
BEIJING 1790000m2 TAIYUAN 1560000m2
XI'AN 1680000m2 CHENGDU 1470000m2
HUNAN 390000m2
HEFEI 2120000m2 KUNMING 1500000m2
City Farmland
Ne w
Ci ty
SHANGHAI 1300000m2
ZHENGZHOU 450000m2
WENZHOU 1500000m2
SHENZHEN 300000m2
Ar ea
Informality
City Farmland
City Urban Village
Obstacle and threat to development GOVERNMENT
RESIDENTS
Arrival City The low-cost rental market for poor and creative class Micro urban economy Full of human kindness and pleasure of life Great location near workplaces
4
NEW STRATEGY
5 YEAR
1 YEAR
Urban Village
Spontaneous extending
The module is constantly replicated in the urban village, and the new road network will be rebuilt on the basis of the original road network.
3 YEAR
Experiment
Try to build small modules in open space on the site and display a new urban village upgraded strategy to the outside world.
From the “Wall” to indside
The initiative action is from updating the residential area.
5 YEAR
The “Wall”
5
1)Adding modules and trying to build large buildings to emphasizes the symbol of the “ wall ”which means to protect the upgraded process of the urban village. 2)Providing temporary public space according to the surrounding condition during the process of self-upgrade.
Break up
The public space in the “wall” is gradually dispersed into the residential area as it is updated.
Open
Finished the updated process and leave a part of the public space.
6
PUBLIC SPACE IN THE “WALL”
7
Study Center
Sports Center
Garden
Inn
Art Center
Park
Library
Mixed Use
Shopping Mall
8
DIVERSE COMBINATION
9
10
11
STRUCTURE At present, the beautification and modernization of the city is the dominant position in urban planning. On the surface, this thorough reconstruction of urban villages is only to improve the living condition and public facilities located in cities, but in fact, it destroys the cheap housing and leads
to displacement. As a result, problems triggered by demolishment can only be left to the future. The new upgrade strategy can regard the urban village as an organism and respect the value of their existence. The new metabolic upgrade strategy is more suitable and reasonable for the
relationship between urban and human in the future. Therefore, this new strategy of renewal will be applied in a larger range and become a universal mode of urban villages' upgrading.
12
13
Paris Riverside Restaurant Paris and the entire country of France are famous for its cuisine whose reputation is very rich, cultured and diverse. Therefore, in order to maximize the use of the waterfront context, the promenade into the architecture concept and the diet culture, containers are considered to be the main element of this riverside restaurant. Finally, the restaurant constructed by containers creates an architectural icon along the River Seine, that will become a popular destination for the residents and everyone who visit the city. Individual Work 2017 Winter
14
Modern Art Museum
Port
Port
Greening Trail
Eiffel Tower
SITE ANALYSIS A French restaurant and wine bar on the promenade along the River Seine in Paris should be unique materials and innovative ways to provide an overall sensory experience to customers and residents. Meanwhile, this restaurant should display the culinary reputation of Paris—"togetherness, the pleasure of taste, and the balance between human beings and the products of nature".
15
Containers Use the water element and picturesque surrounding and develop the restaurant as an open, semi-open seating zone. Architectural Icon The restaurant is an innovative and dynamic restaurant space and become a popular destination for the residents and everyone who visit this city.
Arrange
Rotate
Remove
Cover
Collapsible Container
TRANSFORMATION A collapsible container, whose main components(side wall, an end wall, and box top)can be easily folded or decomposed, can be used recombined when utilizing again. Use the water element and picturesque surrounding and develop the restaurant as an open, semi-open seating zone.
16
a b c d
Restroom
Balcony
Kitchen
Bar Place a Recreational Seat Entertainment Space
a b c d
Container Panel Gypsum Panel The Steel Structure Pillar
STRUCTURE A container is dissected, divided and assembled into various spaces, which embodies the maximum possible development of the container materials, suitable for space splicing and space combination.
17
1
2
3
4
1 Bar and Coffee 2 Kitchen 3 Entertainment 4 Diet
18
SECTION
19
20
21
The Kowloon Walled City Museum The Kowloon Walled City was a settlement for urban vagrants for some historical reasons. As a microcosm of social development in Hong Kong’s history, it created an independent and isolated small world. Residents shared less than 2 square meters per person. However, nowadays, the demolition of this Walled City initiates lots of people’s memories. The design of the Kowloon City museum regards public spaces, especially stairs, as a unique space language and combines light with texture to bring people a sense of guidance. Utilization of transformed architecture space language can reshape a Walled City Museum filling with memories. As a result, any visitor can experience unique scenes while going through various spaces.
2016 Competition Work Individual Rework
22
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE
1890 700 Inhabitans
1950 5000 Inhabitans
1980 30000 Inhabitans
1990 50000 Inhabitans
The Kowloon Park
Remained ancestral halls SITE
Residents Area
23
1993 A park was built
LIFE IN KOWLOON CITY
Stairs
Without municipal services, there was no rubbish collection. Old and bulky items were hauled to the roof and abandoned. Other rooftops were used for exercise, playground, relaxing and pigeon racing.
People have to go through complex space by stairs
There were several scattered schools and kindergartens in the Kowloon Walled City. There were also brothels, gambling dens operated with impunity.
Most mental fabrication shops were found between the ground and fifth floors.
Getting through the serried narrow alleys, residents carried umbrellas to prevent dropping water pipes.
There were 77wells inside the city, some were 90 meters deep.
24
SPACE TRANSFORMATION The narrow passageway filling with stairs was the public space to relate residents' lives. Take these public space units as separate spatial languages. The exhibition space of the museum make changes according to the typology of these public spaces and emphasize the sense of scene in each public space by morphing. Light, as an important direction, leads visitors to experience different scenes. Therefore, every space just like a movie scene to recall the lifestyle in this City.
25
Lengthen Stairs and the constantly compressed space make people feel a sense of crowding
Semi-enclosed The soft light in the stairwell guides people to get home
Enclosed The wall looks like the end of the road, but there is a corner connecting to the outside
Pull up The combination of double running stairs and wall is an important vertical traffic element
Insert The stairs through the wall surround the display space
Stretch Stretching the length makes space more narrow which also enable people to enjoy the feeling of walking in narrow alleys
26
1m
2m
2m
DIFFERENT ORGANIZATION
4m
Living in the Squatter Huts
2m
3m
3m
Dense rooms were piled up together, so inhabitants could travel through buildings which strengthened the harmonious relationship between neighbors.
6m
Small Economy in the Kowloon City
4m
Small traders, small factories and makers spread along the alley and being an economic source of inhabitants.
The City of Darkness The chaotic culture as the symbol of Hong Kong inspired lots of artists to create art. Therefore, these exhibition rooms were organized by bight streamline to reproduce the dark culture existing around people.
27
3m
28
MASTER PLAN 1:2000
The antennas on roofs were not only the necessities for thousands of families but also the children's playground.
Honeycomb rooms piled up complicatedly and dense windows organized together were just like walls which block sunlight from outside.
29
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7
Ruins Lobby Offices Ruins Exhibition Room Audio Studio Storeroom Small Restaurant Outdoor Exhibition
6
8
5 4
9 2
3
1 1F
1 2
3
1 2 3 4 5
Pigeon Breeder Golf Ball Maker Herbal Docter Noodle Maker Veranda
4
1 2 3 4 5
1 2
4
3
5
Dentist Antenna Theme Weaving Factory Rubber Factory Cooked Meat Factory
5
2F
1 2 3 4
1
3
Life Scene1 Life Scene2 Standpipes Life Scene3
4
3F
1
4
2
4F
2
1 2 3 4
Life Scene4 Rooftop Deep Well Life Scene5
3
5F
30
31
Commu-Line XiaoZhai is a famous commercial center and attraction of Xi'an, but a conflict between a single business development model and the surrounding old streets gradually increase. To illustrate, on the one hand, a mounting number of people triggers traffic pressure, on the other hand, closed old streets is isolated by surrounding buildings. As a result, residents have to move from this block which becomes a gathering place for many vagrants. In order to alleviate this existing conflict, the new project serves as a bridge to connect inside and outside to highlight the humanistic care behind commercial development. Discarded spaces serve as a center of the Commu-line, exterior part connects the commercial buildings to disperse the flow of people, and the interior part stimulates interaction. Three parts together to create a vibrant urban space. 2017 Urban Design Studio Individual Work
32
THE NORTH GATE
BELL TOWER THE SOUTH GATE
STADIUM TEMPLE
SITE HISTORY MUSEUM
DEVELOPMENT SUI Dynasty Ming Dynasty
Xiaozhai was in a prominent position and became the residence of nobility Xiaozhai was a military base in Ming dynasty
20th Century The common people lived here gradually
1970s
33
Xiaozhai became a gathering place for cultural and commercial activities. The palace of culture had enriched the lives of the citizens, and the market was convenient for the daily life of the residents. This area gradually became a weathervane for Xi'an citizens and became a postcard of the Historical city.
OUTSIDE—CROWD+CHAOS Single business development has crowded Xiaozhai
PROBLEMS What's this block now?
INSIDE—ROBBERY CRIME+LACKING VIGOUR Enclosed space and dilapidated buildings enables dwellers inside gradually move away and increasely triggers the rate of robbery crime.
34
CAUSES & SOLUTIONS Lots of abandoned old buildings along edges of the site which cut off connections between inside and outside causes congestion and desolated living condition. To ameliorate this problem, old buildings will be proposed to be demolished and only two workshops will be reserved and transformed into a new market. POOR ACCESSIBILITY
GOOD ACCESSIBILITY
reconstructed removed old buildings
Residential Buildings
Old Buildings Vacant Playground
Surrounding Commercial Buildings
Connecting existing commercial buildings as a whole can disperse crowded people and stimulate surrounding areas, as well as improve business.
INDIVIDUALITY CROWDED
35
CONNECTED DISPERSED
HEIGHT
SCALE
CIRCULATION
CENTER
Purpose Shortcut
Centrality Purpose
Small
Large Below the bridge, diversified programmatic spaces such as game area, theater, bookshop, benches, waiting area are allocated according to their height.
Elavated
Random Choice Aimless
Accessibility
On top of the bridge, the public can have a variety of recreational activities.
Combination
Selectivity Fissility
Cruise Circulation
Random Hollowness
Center
Multi-center
36
PROPOSAL
37
REMOVE OLD BUILDINGS
EXISTING COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
ADD NEW FEATURES
In order to disperse the traffic pressure, abandoned buildings on the boundary of the site should be removed.
A well-connected commercial development mode will replace massive commercial development mode.
Increasing diverse programs and providing basic needs for surrounding residents can prevent residents' departure.
SELECT NODES
CONNECT BUILDINGS
DOUBLE-LAYER PROGRAMS
Serving main commercial buildings and cultural buildings as nodes can enrich people's experience while visiting here.
Connecting existing commercial buildings throughout this region and additional buildings to increases the integrity.
Greening and promenade are dominated the upper space, while multi-functional spaces below enhance living quality.
38
Sitting
Standing
Master Plan 1:1000
Fast-track Slow-track Stroll-track
39
Walking
GREENING PLAN Different greening boundaries affect people's behaviors. Beautiful gardens, trees, seats and walking crowds are places along concave or convex greening spaces. Zigzag space creates a sense of enclosure and pleasure. In addition, considering people prefer to sit on the edge rather
than in the middle, so the edge of the greening track has to be designed for resting and enjoying sightseeing. On the contrary, a straight boundary, compared to a boundary with a lot of concave and convex changes, is more suitable for walking.
40
PROGRAMS
The east side of the connection system connects all existing commercial buildings to make commercial interaction be more vibrant. Multi-functional spaces cross through an open block to satisfies a various requirement for nearby people. Finally, the purpose of stimulating the vitality of old blocks and balancing the outside crowd is achieved.
700m2
COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES
Dancing Room Music Room Teahouse Chess and Card Room Audio Room
3600m2
1200m2
OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
MARKET
Children Entertainment Facilities Exercise Equipment Basketball Court
Cooking Study Center Pop-up Market Management Office Craft Shop
3000m2
THEATRE Outdoor Theatre Indoor Theatre Cafe
41
800m2
RESTAURANT Restaurant Bar Cafe
Cafe Viewing Platform
10200m2
CULTURE CENTER Woman Study Center Learning Space Youth Community Space Auditorium Day Care Center Cafe Music Room Dancing Room 700m2
BOOKSHOP Bookshop Exhibition Cafe
42
Market
Old factory
The market rebuilt by old buildings is the memory of the residents in this area and convenience a large number of residents around there. Residents bring vitality to this site by purchasing, interacting and communicating.
43
Truss
Market
Bookshop
Wall
Bookshelf
Bookshop
As an urban cultural symbol, the urban public bookshop is the carrier of humanistic spirit. Plus, this public bookshop can become a sharing space for people to communicate and relaxing after one day's hard working.
44
Community Activities
Desk
There were no community services for aged people on the site. It's difficult for them to participate in commercial activities. So a community activity center can satisfy requirements for aged people.
45
Tree
Community activities
Restaurant
Building
Canopy
Restaurant
The restaurant provides various cuisine which serves clerks from surrounding office buildings. It will help them to save time for a meal on the workday. It can also provide a relaxing place for visitors.
46
Culture Activities Center
Building
Rebuilding the disappearing Culture Center enriches experience in this block. Additionally, it allows people to enjoy unique cultural activities while visiting and deepen their understanding of local characteristics.
47
Functional Blocks Culture Activities Center
Theater
Stands
Stage
Theater
The theatre not only attracts visitors which improves commercial development of surrounding commercial activities. Plus, it's important to be a public place for residents and visitors to communicate.
48
Community Activities
Child Entertainment Facilities
Theater
49
Bar
Eatery
Market
Cafe
Restaurant
Bookshop
Outdoor Performance
Bar
Exhibition
Grassland
Programmatic Activities
50
51
Energy Bloom A New Local Renewable Infrastructure... Algae Energy Bloom taps into algae, a simple plant-like photosynthetic organism that can create fuel and help build an independent grid for Hudson. Through industrial sites, new infrastructure, wetland conservation, and public space integration we can connect people to their Hudson; redefining what industry looks like through a new local power culture. Our goal is to create a new type of micro-grid; unique to the areas they serve, where resources, production, storage, and electric distribution is redefining the connection people have to their local industrial nodes. We want to reconnect the relationship people have to the basic question… “Where does your energy come from?” We want to design a resilient community that proudly answer… “In our backyard”. 2018 GSAPP Team Work With Carolina, Adi, Maria
52
Hydroelectric Coal Oil Gas Nuclear
YT/NT NU 1 twh
NL 43 twh
Canada Total Generation By Energy Type(2016)
BC 62 twhAB 64 twh SK 20 twh
Total Energy = 591 twh PE <1 twh
MB 34 twh ON 158 twh
QC 179 twh NS 11 twh NB 18 twh
Regional Analysis of Production VS. Energy Use in 2016 D North $28.28
UPSTATE EN
GY
FILE (ZON PRO ES Other Renewables
E) A-
ER
Production
2% 12% Fossil Fuel
Generating Capacity Excess Upstate
E Mohawk Val $33.88
West of Mohawk Valley
85%
F Capital $42.90
Zero Emission
SYSTEM CHOKE POINT CONGESTION
10/14/2018 Comparative Daily Market Value For Energy Zones Regionally(A-K)
Generation Deficit With High Load Downsate
Nuclear 41.638 Duel Fuel(Gas/Oil) 52.450 Gas 7.787 Coal 1.493 Hydro 27.150 Wind 3.943 Other Renewables 2.935 Total 137.532
Fual(Gas/Oil) 38
%
53
D ua l
C o a l 1% Gas 6%
% 20
0% ar 3 cle Nu
Hy dr o
3%Others 2% Wind
50% Renewable by 2030 $40 Million Clean Energy Fund Sets A 10year Target 10.6 Million MWh Energy Efficiency Savings
Consumption
South of Hudson Valley
I Dunwoodie $41.92 J NYC $41.30
G Hudson Val $40.94 H Millwood Val $40.90
K Long Island $52.04
A RE T H N 2 0 0 0 O M M E
TT WA GA
ENERGY GA
Existing solar/wind power
P
E AT ST
Proposed solar/wind power
D -WIN
India Point Supplies 20% NY 25% NYC Shut Down Plan 2020-283 Reactors 2021-1 Reactor
TALES OF TWO NEW YORKS (Aging Infrastructure)
We are all dependent on energy and when our supply is cut off, we are vulnerable. Every year, thousands of New Yorkers experience electricity outages due to obsolete infrastructures, distant management, high pricing, and climate change. In New York State, most of the energy is produced in house from fossil fuels and part of it comes
from Canadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vast supply network. When this energy reaches NY State, it finds an aging infrastructure divided into two New York with an unequal supply system: While downstate region massively consumes energy, the upstate region overproduce it and rely mostly on renewable energy like wind and solar panels. The problem is that this system creates a Choke Point between a highly producing and highly consumption making regions like Hudson Valley not just experience common blackouts, but also pay the most expensive energy bills in the state. On top of that, India Point Nuclear Power Plant will be
closed in 2021 leaving a huge gap of energy to the State. Moreover, we have Governor Cuomoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trend to transform 50% of New York State energy into renewable by 2030. He wants to achieve 800% of wind and solar projects by 2030. Energy Bloom proposed to look elsewhere for a reliable, sustainable energy supply system, in algae.
54
WATERVLIET ARSENAL IRONWORKS SITES WATERVLIET ARSENAL IRONWORKS SITES
Rensselaer
Rensselaer
Albany
Albany
Columbia Greene CATSKILL POINT
HUDSON WATER FRONT
ATHENS BARGES
Hudson SILVER POINT
Ulster
Columbia
GLENS FALL LEHIGH
Greene CATSKILL POINT
HUDSON WATER FRONT
ATHENS BARGES
Hudson
KINGSTON QUARRY SILVER
POINT
GLENS FALL LEHIGH
Dutchess
Ulster
POINT QUARRY KINGSTONCLINTON QUARRY
Putnam NEWBURGH WATERFRONT
Orange
Dutchess
Westchester CROTON POINT
HAVERSTRAW BRICK PLANT
CLINTON POINT QUARRY Rockland INDIAN POINT
ERIE PIER
Putnam
NEWBURGH WATERFRONT
Algae Bloom
ANACONDA PLANT
Algae Bloom
Landfills/Solid Waste Waste Landfills/Solid
Orange
Westchester CROTON POINT
HAVERSTRAW BRICK PLANT
Rockland INDIAN POINT
ERIE PIER
ANACONDA PLANT
55
Lumber Yards Lumber Yards Saw Mills Saw Mills
Algae Microgrid Algae Microgrid Hudson River Hudson River CHPE CHPE Existing Pipelines Existing Pipelines
Existing Transmission Lines Existing Transmission Lin
Phase 1
The renewable system will be charged by Champlain Hudson Power Express in order to be able to start functioning.
Phase 2
Additional renewable sources will become part of the network, giving more power to the system.
INDUSTRIES/ CHAMPLAIN DIAGRAM
The closure of Indian Point Nuclear Plant will leave a lack of 20 million MW of energy that will be supplied by the future Champlain Hudson Power Express, which will bring 1000 terawatts of energy from Canada directly to New York City through Hudson River and Champlain River bed. We see this as a unique opportunity to take advantage
Phase 3
The renewable network will be able to work by itself and CPHE will be discharged and obsolete.
of this infrastructure and available budget to create a local and renewable micro-grid through Hudson Valley heritage industrial sites and available sources. Hudson Valley has a tide history with its energy industries. Hudson City, for example, was the pioneer, transformed from a village into a city because of its whale port which used to ship oil to the entire US. With the post-development depression, much of these industries moved away leaving behind an abandoned infrastructure and
damage environment. Our proposal is to instead of letting CHEP brings energy from Canada directly to NY City, we will use this infrastructure to temporarily supply the counties in between through this new renewable sources which will be transformed in a new micro-grid system of energy production, storage, and distribution. Among the existing sources, we identified opportunities for algae bloom, sawmills, lumber yards and landfills for solid waste.
56
Outdoor
Indoor
Jan-Mar
Apr-Sep
Oct-Dec
Algal Structure
Pump Plant
Water Treatment Plant
ABUNDANCE
Indoor
Algea Bloom
Open Pouds
57
Natural Algae Raceway Waterbody Pond
Round Feeder Pond
Photobioreactor Bioreactor GreenhouseRooftop Algal Piped Indoor Cultivation Panels or Tubed Tank
Furl & Livestoc For Manure
Electric Grid
Biomass Plant
Carbon Capture
Pump Plant
CO2 Nutrients
ALGAE BLOOM IN HUDSON Cultivation Pipes (water+algae)
Pump& Transmission Pipe
In Hudson, this unique resource opportunity is now seen as a problem but could harvest this potential. Typically, algae and algae blooms are considered a problem, and when unmanaged, a serious liability. But the same algae have unique qualities that can be exploited affordably and locally. Algae itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a photosynthetic living organism that is seen as a plant, due to high use of fertilizer and
management of some of these rural areas around Hudson is creating seasonal algae blooms that negatively affect the ecosystem around it by blocking sunlight and oxygenizing the water along with polluting the marine life. In our project, we plan, through this structure, to manage the negative effects of this outdoor cycle and reduce this process by simultaneously farming to produce energy in large amounts indoors. Our project works seasonally going between these different outdoor and indoor system.
58
udson Hudson City of Hudson
6,200 People
CITY OF HUDSON
Estimated 3,657 Residential Households
Phasa 1-5 Years Wareen St. Streetlights 120 Street Lights- 300 WattsPH Total 36,000 WattsPH(36 KWh)
59
Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure
Residential Consumption 27,000 KWh
INFRASTRUCTURE
1 Ton of Algea = 334.6 KWh 90 Ton of Algea = 27,000 KWh
Phasa 2-15 Years Public Facilities 20 Building APRX-Max 3,000,000 btuPH [500 KWh(each)] Total 10,000 KWh
1 Ton of Algea Per Structure 90 Structures
Phasa 3-25 Years Hudson APRX 3,657 Residential Households Total 27,000KWh [27 MWh]
CITY
Educational Center
Playground
Fances & Bike Parking
Seesaw
QUARRIES & WATERFRONT
Indoor Ponds
WITLAND & STREETS
Outdoor Ponds
Bio-photoreactor Panel
Birds Nest
Urban Furniture
Lights
60
5
2
7 6
3 4 1
1-Algae 2-Biophotoreactors 3-Algae Setting Tube 4-Centrifuge 5-Nitrogen-CO2 6-Algal Pipeline To treatment Plant 7-Algae
61
Energy Bloom consists of a series of new and reused sites, such as wetlands, quarries and abandoned industrial areas, for a complete system of energy producing algae. But we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want just to create a new energy system, we believe this is an opportunity to also create something to the residents, to create add to the public space system of the city.
propose a different program: For example, on the South Bay, we propose to reestablish the connection between the city fabric and the waterfront by creating a new public space where people can walk on the bridges through the wetlands during the day and the night.
In Hudson, we identified 6 different areas where we find algae blooms. Each of these areas presents a different surrounding and therefore, we
62
63
IMBY
INCLUSIVE NORTH SHORE The proposal is a design for an inclusive social infrastructure in North Shore to integrate social-support amenities into community spaces, creating vibrant and functional urban spaces that are available for all including homeless families. Steps from creating an inclusive community to acknowledge that homeless individuals are still part of the community.
2018 GSAPP Team Work With Richard Chou, Alaa Marrawi
64
BRONX
26 shelters 26 shelters
80 shelters
MANHATTEN
26 shelters
13 clusters 13 hotels QUEENS
26 shelters 10 shelters 39 shelters
BROOKLYN
48 shelters 48 shelters STATEN ISLAND
1 shelter
more people are sheltered here more people become homeless
Many people hold the misconception that only people on the streets are homeless. In fact, â&#x2026;&#x201D; of the homeless population in NYC are homeless families with children. Two out of three homeless individuals have a family, and they are often homeless together, living in shelters and transitional housing.
65
Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s their living condition is forcing to live outside of their hometown, Staten Island, because of the lack of shelter in the borough. From the map, black circles represent neighborhoods where people are becoming homeless, and white circles show where they are sheltered.
The pixels represent the number of facilities available for these families. They include shelters, clusters, and repurposed-hotels. So SI North Shore has a significant number of homeless individuals and only one shelter within the whole borough.
EXISTING SERVICES & OPPORTUNITIES
CAMBA’s HomeBase Rehabilitation Center Free Health Insurance Enrollment Public Health Solution Public Library New York City Children Services Project Hospitality Outreach Seamen’s Society For Children Legal Aid Society
Justice Service
Lyons Pool Recreation Center
Health Club Police Station
Supermarket
Bus Stops Commercial Buildings Markets Departments Social Services Schools Green Space
N
Library Pharmacy Restaurants Potential Spaces Vacant Buildings
66
RELIEVE OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES SUSTAINABLE LIVING REHABILITATE
YOUTH WORKSHOPS COMPUTER LAB URBAN FARM AFTER-SCHOOL PROGRAM
REENGAGE
MARITIME PROGRAM GREEN SPACE LIBRARY INDOOR RECREATION WATERFRONT ACTIVITY ART & MUSIC SPACE FOOD ACCESS SOCIAL SERVICE LIVING FUNCTIONS PERSONAL CARE SOCIAL SPACE TRAINING & EDUCATION DAYCARE AFFORDABLE HOUSING SECURITY & OWNERSHIP
67
OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
RESOURCE CENTER
COMMUNITY KITCHEN
YOUTH PROGRAM
LEARNING CENTER
WELLNESS ZONE
DESIGN PRINCIPLE & TYPOLOGIES There are a number of existing social service organizations along Bay St, such as CAMBA, Project Hospitality, and public health organization. However, there is little space dedicated to supporting homeless families. Despite the need for more facilities, residents on Staten
Island hold a strong NIMBY attitude towards the city’s effort. A new design typology is needed. So these existing organizations could be opportunities for partnership with the new design interventions proposed by our team. We believe that inclusive design should restore the sense of Social equity as well as an identity within the community.
We developed three design principles to achieve a cohesive design, Relieve, Rehabilitate, and Re-engage. Through community outreach and research, we identified a list of programs that serve both the residents and homeless families. We consolidated these “needs” into 6 design interventions, which are included in our proposal.
68
Locker Reading shelves Mailbox Charger Bulletin board
The pilot program starts from a parking lot which is existing gathering space (farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s market). Surrounded by public facilities and visual access from Bay st, so we propose that this pilot serves as extensions to these organizations, allowing them to bring their service outdoors as a way to reengage the public, like an outdoor library, social service outreach, and outdoor event space. Furthermore, we introduce a new program - a community locker - to this
69
pilot. The reason to propose lockers is homeless families cannot receive help when they do not have a mailing address. Property theft and robbery are one of the most severe issues for the homeless. Meanwhile, it also creates a sense of ownership. For design, the shape of structure breaks from the street grid and provides access and activates the space, by providing visual and physical access. To design multi-functional programs the smallest scale is a small
personal locker as the program changes, and then scale these units morph into larger functional pieces specific to the program. The light-weight structure is designed to be easily constructed, cheap to fabricate, and flexible to customization and also serves as a structural prototype for our next phase.
70
PHASE 1 RELIEVE: COMMUNITY RESOURCE CENTER the renovation of an unfinished building and its adjacent parking lot into a community resource center. This center includes core living programs â&#x20AC;&#x201C; housing, community kitchen, wellness center, to social and recreation spaces needed within the neighborhood.
PHASE 2 REHABILITATE: RECREATION & YOUTH PROGRAM
We propose the city-owned land to be converted into a recreation and wellness complex. And we believe that public amenities should be equitable for all of the community, including homeless families. The future vision of this project is the continuation of rehabilitation along Bay St. These interventions will act as nodes that enhance the overall experience along Bay St. Interventions activities should increase pedestrian traffic along this part of Bay St, and so revitalizing its commercial activities, as well as allowing connections to the waterfront.
71
72
73
Global Profit, Local Scarcity Central Valley in California is one of the most agriculturally productive regions in the United States. Although Central Valley agribusiness is very profitable world-wide, it can be very harmful to some local farmers and residents who struggle to have access to fresh food and water. This scenario is especially true in poor cities like Stockton, where the cropâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s grown and the big part of the revenues are exported to other wealthier areas in California and water treatment can be very costly. Our interest relies on the discrepancy between the value generated from crops and the persistent rates of poverty, hunger and health issues in many counties of Central Valley. Investigating the difference between before and after irrigation development in Central Valley through three aspects: land, water, and air to understand the systems applied to each of this aspect comparing historical and contemporary landscape and business changes. 2018 GSAPP Team Work With Carolina,Jinsook,Shouta
74
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ACTIVE RECLAMATION DISTRICT
TRINITY DAM X LEWISTON DAM X WHISKEYTOWN DAM X
X SHASTA DAM X KESWICK DAM
X RED BLUFF DIVERSION DAM
San Joaquin Region Other Region levees
x x
LAKE TAHOE
X SACRAMENTO
X FOLSOM DAM X SACRAMENTO X NIMBUS DAM
X STOCKTON X STOCKTON X SAN FRANCISCO
X NEW MELONES DAM
X SAN FRANCISCO
X MODESTO
X MODESTO
X SAN JOSE
X SAN JOSE
x
X SAN LUIS DAM
X FRIANT DAM
x
THE STATE WATER PROJECT FACILITIES Power Plant (P) Pumping Plant (PP)
X LOS ANGELES
X Pump Generation Powerplant (PGP)
Pump Station (PS)
THE FEDERAL CENTRAL VALLEY PROJECT X Federal Dam
Elevation in Feet
1000
2000
3000 X SAN DIEGO
75
X SHASTA DAM SHASTA LAKE
x x
X SACRAMENTO
X STOCKTON X SAN FRANCISCO
X SAN JOSE
X MODESTO
x
X HOOVER DAM LAKE MEAD
RECLAMATION DISTRICT STATE WATER PROJECT FACILITIES Power Plant (P) Pumping Plant (PP)
x
X Pump Generation Powerplant (PGP)
Pump Station (PS)
RESERVOIR NORMAL CAPACITY millions of acre-feet TOTAL WATER WITHDRAWALS 2015, in million gallons/day 30,000
X LOS ANGELES
300
X SAN DIEGO
250
20,000
74% of FRESHWATER FOR IRRIGATION 19,000 million gallons/day
10,000
150
100
Total 25,600 million gallons/day 0
60% of SURFACE-WATER FOR IRRIGATION 5,130 million gallons/day
200
California Public supply Other (aquaculture, livestock, mining, and self-supplied domestic) Irrigation Industrial Thermoelectric power
50
0
1950
2015
81% of GROUNDWATER FOR IRRIGATION 13,900 million gallons/day
Total freshwater Surface water Groundwater
76
LAND TRANSFORMATION IN SAN JOAQUIN DELTA
HISTORYCALHISTORYCAL
MODERN
MARSHLAND MARSHLAND
MODERN
98% LOSS OFLOSS MARSH 98% OF MA
FLOOD BASINSFLOOD BASINS
WATER OTHER NATURAL AREAS FRESHWATER EMERGENT WETLAND
Sacramento River floods into adjcent low wetland basins, with riparian forest along the riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural levees.
WATER OTHER NATURAL AREAS AGRICULTURE
TIDAL ISLANDSTIDAL ISLANDS
DELTA
DELTA
Large tidal channels define islands with fresh wetlands and numerous small tidal channels.
Source: Alison Whipple, San Francisco Estuary Institute, Aquatic Science Center, 2011
DELTA
DISTRIBUTARY DISTRIBUTARY RIVERS RIVERS
San Joaquin River branches merge into tidal wetlands within a floodplain with a wide mix of habitats.
Populations of Key Endangered Populations of Key Species Endang
Have Declined Since Early Have Declined Sin Delta Smelt
1970-74
a
b
77
D
1975-79
Delta Sm
1980-84 1985-89 1990-94 1995-99 2000-04 1970-74 1975-79 1980-84 1985-89 19
a
b
Broken levee by flooding
SACRAMENTO
URBAN AREA SACRAMENTO
URBAN AREA STOCKTON
s
y 1970s
4
Winter-Run Chinook Salmon
2005-09 2010-13
b
1970-74
1975-79 1980-84
1985-89
1990-94
1995-99 2000-04
2005-09
2010-13
b
Abundance indices for smelt and salmon are calculated by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, respectively, based on regular sampling. These indices are on different scales.
78
AIR CONTAMINATION X ASTHMA (Pctl) Asthma Pctl 60-79 80-100
Asthma Rate
LAND USE (FARMLANDS)
Grape Crop Corn Crop
Almond Crop
SURFACE-WATER DRINKING WATER CONTAMINATION The problem is both urgent and chronic. 296 small public water systems have been unable to supply safe drinking water to their communities for several years or even Contaminated Surface Water decades.
62-81 82-100 Source: The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)
Unsafe tap water can be found
Water systems s Latino and low-in have disproportio arsenic and nitra
in nearly every county of the state,
North Coast
But areas like the san joaquin valley Are disproportionately impacted.
Sacramento
San Joaquin valley
GROUNDWATER X PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION 58-78 79-100 Source: The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA)
79
Tulare Lake
San Francisco Bay
In 2014, 432 public water systems in the San Joaquin Valley did not meet safe drinking water standards. AVERAGE ANNUAL APPLIED WATER USE (1988-2010)
Central Coast
All Other Crops
serving predominately ncome communities onatley hige occurrences of As many as 1,688 California public schools ate contamination. were impacted by unsafe driking water between 2003 and 2014.
Colorado River
South Coast
AGRICULTURAL USE OF WATER IN CALIFORNIA IN COMPARISON TO OTHER USE FROM 1998 TO 2001 80 63% Percentage Of Water Use
Contaminated Groundwater
60
40
48%
41%
35%
20 8% 0
52%
29%
1998
11%
2000
13%
2001
Source: CAST *Survey time period 1998 to 2001 Supplementary notes 1998 represents a wet year; 2000 an average water year; and 2001 a drier water
Water plays a big hole in this land transformation. Since being the main reason for which agriculture has begun in the 1800s in Central Valley, passing for the unregulated use of wells and fertilizer, until itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface water and groundwater depletion that has been resulting in many natural and social damages. 80
Building Height
Building Ownership Cityowned
Building Year Between 1900-1970
Building Footprint over 10,000 Feet2
Building Ownership Private
Rooftop Garden Brooklyn is the borough suffering a high rate of obesity and diabetes because of low accessibility to fresh food. Also, with the high population in Brooklyn, the lack of groceries and poor public transportation modes such as bus route and make it worse. What if there are more food distributors, such as urban farms provide fresh food for people nearby. We propose rooftop gardens to solve the food-related problems, by installing them in certain neighborhoods where need the most significant amount of whole foods. 2018 GSAPP Work Teamwork with Jinsook Lee
81
Locations of potential Rooftops Private Buildings City Owned Buildings
Selecting Neighborhoods
Groceries
General Income
Obesity Rate
Population
(Food Metric Report 2017) When selecting neighborhoods, whether a neighborhood has limited health food retailers, experienced major SNAP ( Supplement Nutrition Assistance Program) cuts, and is home to a large number of population. Data Sets (NYC Census Data/ NYC Open Data/ NYC Environment & Health Data) --Demographic 1 Population 2 Population of old people 3 General income --Health condition 4 Obesity rate --Food facilities 5 Number of groceries 6 SNAP cuts
82
Flatbush Brownsville Stuyvesant Heights Sheepshed Bay
Seagate-Coney Island Bushwick North East New York
Crown Height Bright Beach Gravesend How many pounds of food every block needed.
Flatbush Neighborhood Food production and the demand to fresh food How many pounds of food could produce for every potential rooftop.
Based on the best crops to grow for profit and yield in small-scale farming. We set the metric based on the number of tomatoes/ broccoli/ onion/ lettuce needed to the population in Flatbush and the number of rooftop gardens which is able to meet the demand to tomatoes. Small-scale Farming Yield Tomato: 1.8 lb/sq feet Broccoli: 0.4 lb/sq feet Onion: 0.6 lb/sq feet Lettuce: 1.2 lb/sq feet
Rooftop to rooftop distance
Per Capita Consumption Tomato: 25 lb Broccoli: 10 lb Onion: 22 lb Lettuce: 25 lb Population: 108653 Potential Rooftops Footprint: 280000 Square-meter
83
HEIGHT High access to other rooftops and communities
Rooftop Yield Rooftop Block Consumption
84
Typology
Residential & Commercial Towers
Variables:
Location of bottom and top surfaces Twisting angles of two towers West & East tower height Area of every floor
Fixed Value : Performance:
Daylight of two towers Daylight of the top surface of podium General visibility Visibility to target architecture Privcy( Distance Between Two Towers)
Sunpath Analyzing
THE XI In this project we hypothesis whether various locations and twisting angles can help these two towers to take the potential view of Hudson River and the city. And whether this twisted shape is beneficial for enhancing daylight efficiency for these two towers. Tilting towers would be expensive, it worth doing that for a better view?
2018 GSAPP Work Teamwork with Jinsook Lee
85
View Analyzing
Distance Between Two Towers( Privacy)
Visibility to Targets
Interior daylights & Window design
Option Variation
86
Zipper
TENT 2018 Internship Work Team Work
87
1500
150135
1500
150135
2000
1501 2000 410
4000
4000
135150
1510
135150
4000
2000
135
150135
410
1570
4000 1510
135150
4000 150135 150135
1500
4000
2000
Retail
600
1570
410
135
1510
135150
410
1500
150135
1570
4000
2000
135
150135
1510
1570
4000 135150
135
Lounge -0.600
3F 2F
Wooden Pillar
135
180 200
Cobblestone Pavement
Elevation
Tamped Soil Base
180 200
Master Plan
135
88
1
2
4
5
89
3
ASSEMBLY DIAGRAMS
The project is located in the east of Yushan Town. The entrance is located in parking lot, along the position of the stone high wall. This project is mainly designed for small-scaled retails and lounges for drivers.
6
90
Park Internship Project 2017 Teamwork with Sunwei Liu and Yitong Kang
91
First Floor Plan 1:2000
Second Floor Plan 1:2000
SECTION 1:1200
ElEVATION 1:1200
92