CONTENTS YEAR 3
01 CHERISHING LIFE
Sustainable cemetery development
2
02 FAMILY COMMUNITY
15
03 GREEN REFUEL
21
04 QUALITIES OF WATER
29
Sustainable housing development
Ecological motor service development
Observational drawings in Copenhagen
YEAR 2
05 URBAN JUNGLE Post industrial development
1
33
Crookes Cemetery is situated on the west side of Sheffield and is an active cemetery that has held over 29,000 burials since it opened in 1906. Due to the increase of human population and the increase of the average life expectancy, this cemetery is soon to run out of space as the current traditional burial method becomes more and more unsustainable. The objective of this project was to develop a new cemetery which introduces more sustainable methods of burial such as grave re-use to ensure available burial spaces for future generations Skills used | Photoshop, Sketchup, Maxwell render, AutoCAD.
01 CHERISHING LIFE 2
THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF LIFE EARTH Hard, solid objects in the world. Resistant to movement or change.
FIRE Energetic, forceful moving things in the world.
A1 B1 V3
WATER Fluid, formless, flowing things in the world.
WIND Growth, expansion, freedom in the world. The curiosity to explore.
ETHER The things beyond our everyday experience.
A2
B2
Cemeteries can affect the behaviour of an individual. Unless needed, people tend to avoid these lifeless areas due to the negative connotations it’s associated with. The vision is to create an environment where there is greater sense of life and to give people a greater positive experience, whether they’re bereaving for loved ones or just walking through as a transitional space. The concept behind the design is based of the five elements that are thought to have created life. Cemeteries do not have to be a place associated with negative connotations. It can be a place where Life outshines Death, even in the darkest moments of our lives.
ALLOTMENTS V2 V1
DETAILED DESIGN
3
The new ecological design has a rich biodiversity and heavily relies on using woodland species to create space and structure of the cemetery. Grave re-use has been placed within the woodland glades to allow a greater sense of privacy for those who wish to mourn without disruption. The columbarium represents something beyond our everyday experience. Completely different from the naturalistic woodland with its wide open space, formal planting and tiered levels. This space is supposed to show power and encourage more people to opt for the highly sustainable urn burial method. To make journeys across the cemetery more enjoyable, the footpath is placed across a wide open space to provide a safer feeling and to distance it further from the glade burials. The scatterings of cherry blossoms will symbolise the beauty of life during spring seasons.
A1-A2 | Meadow Burials A wide selection of wildflowers is used for meadow burials to provide seasonal interest throughout the year. Seatings are placed across the mid-tier for those who wish to stay longer; the combination view of wildflowers and the pond can make visits much more relaxing.
B1-B2 Section across the site to demonstrate the privacy people have when mourning in the glades. A bioswale filled with colourful wildflowers produces a clear cut down the woodland, which makes the columbarium visible from the public footpath.
BURIALS
SPATIAL
CIRCULATION
50 years time
4
V1
The stroll across the petal-filled pathway. Peoples curiosities begin to emerge as they discover things beyond their everyday experience. 5
V2
The Columbarium - representing power within the woodland cemetery V3
Spending time with loved ones and relaxing besides the ash-scattered pond. It is said that people ďŹ nd the presence of water comforting after scattering
6
Tiled path continues to the chapel
DETAILED DESIGN The detail design focuses on the newly proposed garden nursery/ cafeteria with a contemporary style twist. As a new threshold into the cemetery, its main aim is to allow bereavers, who may be having a hard time, to witness the beauty of life through the exotic plants and the joy of others. A2
The semi-permeable trees will allow bereavers in the glade burials to get a glimpse look at kids play or other recreational activities, as the sound echoes through the trunks which can help relief stress caused by mourning
Semi formal planting style with species that interact with your five senses. Smell can be a pleasant surprise when walking past A1
01 2
7
5
10
25
Recreational space can let children play when parents want to sit in the cafe
8
A1 - A2
Quercus robur
Structured glass Glass wall allows people to see the social activities and vegetation outside
9
Cafeteria
Leads directly to recreational space where kids can play
Provides public services and gives people change to ease back after mourning. Serves locally produced good
Different species from the woodland ones to fit with the contemporary style
Enhance aesthetics and does not block the view
Dry stone retaining wall
Stainless steel
Back entrance
Betula pendula
Low formal planting
Cafeteria front entrance Allows for out door seating
One of the key features to bring visits from allotment users an flowers can be bo
Gravel surface Place beneath nursery plants as it can be maneuvered
White concrete slabs Used as footpath to distinguish it from the concrete surface. I can also transition onto the mown grass leading to the chapel
Concrete surface
Breedon gravel
Cheap and robust
Connects to the cemetery paths and has naturalistic look
Local Nursery
bring more life and joy. It gives purpose to use new entrance and encourages more rs and those interested in gardening from around the neighbourhood. Bouquet of be bought here, making it convenient for people visiting the cemetery.
Ramp access
Allotments
Leading directly into the cemetery. Allows for social interaction with allotment users
10
THE FIVE ELEMENTS: NURSERY ENTRANCE PLANTING DESIGN
Thymus vulgaris x11
Geranium subcaulescens x33
Libertia peregrinans x2 Origanum vulgare x5
Ballota pseudodistamnus x1
The newly proposed Crookes cemetery gives opportunities to integrate and interact with the landscape and allows people to experience the beauty that nature in this world offers. It aims to move away from the negative connotatives that are typically associated with them and aims to ensure the public can walk through the cemetery with a positive experience.
MIX A 3m²
Rosmarinus officinalis x2
Genista lydia x1
Briza maxima x4
Acaena purpurea x35 Ballota pseudodistamnus x1
Mentha spicata x4
The use of man-made materials is very limited within the design and so heavily relies on vegetation for built structures. Dense trees will act as a natural wall between the public footpath and the glade burials for a sense of privacy. Opposite the chapel this wall of trees will be interrupted by a bioswale filled with a burst of colourful mixed herbaceous perennials, which leads up to the columbarium. The sudden change in landscape will intentionally direct people’s eyes towards the urn building to encourage exploration. These plants are low in comparison to the trees and will produce a clear cut across the woodland trees to create an outstanding view across the columbarium. Prunus serrulata are spaced out around the wide public footpath as ornamental trees and to offer a season interest during spring.
Verbena bonariensis x3
Origanum vulgare X24 Geranium subcaulescens X70
Towards the glade burials on the upper half of the design, trees become much more dense to create this sense of mystery and also to create different habitat types for wildlife. Newly proposed trees will also include evergreen species to retain the sense of mystery during autumn and winter seasons.
Thymus vulgaris x8
Hebe topiaria x1
Geranium subcaulescens x40 Genista lydia x1
Libertia peregrinans x3
Lagurus ovatus x8
MIX B 2m² Rosmarinus officinalis X2
Sarcococca confusa x2
MIX A 3.5m²
Shrubs can bee seen around the woodland edges as part of an ecotone to enhance the ecological values of the landscape. This will also add an extra layer of privacy that tree trunks may not provide The use of colourful wildflowers as part of the meadow burials provides a different spatial experience to the woodland burials. Species that flower at different times of the year is key to ensure there is an all round seasonal interest for people visiting their loved ones. Lagurus ovatus X5
Location: Crookes nursery entrance Scale: 1:50 @A2 Designer: Kenny Fu Client: Sheffield University
Stachys byzantine X8
Acaena purpurea X25
Stipa temuissima X4
Briza maxima X6
Lagurus ovatus x5
MIX A 2.7m² Stachys byzantine x11
Genista lydia x1 Hebe topiaria x1
Libertia peregrinans x3
Houttuynia cordata x7 Acaena purpurea x10
Acaena purpurea x21 Ajuga reptans x2
Hebe topiaria x2 Geranium subcaulescens x40
Galium odoratum x5
Betula pendula
Genista lydia x1
Libertia peregrinans x3
Stipa temuissima x5
Ballota pseudodistamnus x1
Mentha spicata x4
Teucrium x lucidrys x12
Acaena purpurea X45 Hebe topiaria x1
Ajuga reptans X12 Geranium subcaulescens X58
MIX B 2.7m²
Verbena bonariensis x2
Sarcococca confusa x3
Quantity
15
Planting Density per m²
Total Required
Size for Purchase
Betula Pendula
1
2
250cm, bare rooted
8
3
2L Pot
Botanica
8
4
2L Pot
Coles
Teucrium x lucidrys
20
3 + 3 + 4 = 10
25
3 + 3 + 4 = 10
Linum narbonense
20
2+2+2=6
Geranium subcaulescens ‘Splendens’
20
15 +17 + 20 = 52
Ballota pseudodictamnus
TOTAL
100
84
Genista lydia
Parahebe perfoliata
25
2+1=3
Origanum vulgare
25
1+1=2
Stachys byzantine ‘Silver Carpet’
25
5+4=9
Geranium subcaulescens ‘Splendens’
25
19 + 14 = 33
TOTAL
100
47
Mentha spicata X5 Galium odoratum X10
Betula pendula Sarcococca confusa x3
Briza maxima x2
Sarcococca confusa x6
Recommended Supplier
Seasonal interest (Win to Aut)
Notes
Trees
Omphalodes linifolia
Barcham
Shrubs
6
2L Pot
Coles
Rosmarinus officinalis
Hebe topiaria 2
4
2L Pot
Coles
Herb used for cooking. Good scent
Sarcococca confusa
2
14
2L Pot
Coles
Heavily scented in winter
Perennials Acaena purpurea
25
191
2L Pot
Coles
Ajuga reptans
5
18
2L Pot
Coles
Galium odoratum
5
15
Geranium subcaulescens ‘Splendens’
25
326
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds Coles
Houttuynia cordata
5
14
2L Pot
Coles
Libertia peregrinans
3
17
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds
Linum narbonense
5
6
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds
Mentha spicata
3
13
2L Pot
Botanica
Omphalodes linifolia
8
10
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds
Origanum vulgare
3
31
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds
Parahebe perfoliata
3
3
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds
Stachys byzantine ‘Silver Carpet’
8
28
2L Pot
Coles
Teucrium × lucidrys
8
22
2L Pot
Coles
Thymus vulgaris
8
19
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds
Verbena bonariensis
2
5
2L Pot
Coles
Orange scented
Good scent and can be used for cooking Good scent and can be used for cooking Soft texture
Good scent and can be used for cooking
Grasses
Ajuga reptans x4
June 2020 | 1:50 | The planting scheme is situated on the border surrounding the cafeteria. Sensory plants have been chosen to allow people to interact with them through their five senses. The style of planting is semi-formal and Mediterranean and consists of plants that are sized small to medium, with smaller plants being nearer to the front to ensure most species can be seen and admired. Taller species are place at the back and are high enough to peak over the higher grounds. This works well for plants such as the Sarcococca confusa as it releases its scent to the people walking by. Betula pendula is chosen because of its pleasent white trunk which is more visible during the winter. Herb species can be seen closer to the stairway to the cafeteria for easier picking. The use of gravel substrate will compliment the mediterranean style scheme.
11
Botanical Name
2+3+2=7
Mix B - Small to Medium (2.7m² + 2m²)
Libertia peregrinans X3
Libertia peregrinans x3
Percentage of mix (%)
Mix A - Small (2.7m² + 3m² + 3.5m²) Houttuynia cordata
Hebe topiaria x1
Acaena purpurea x55
Botanical Name
Briza maxima
3
12
2L Pot
Coles
Rustles in wind with nodding lantern-like heads of flowers
Lagurus ovatus
5
18
2L Pot
Plant World Seeds
Pleasent texture with fluffy tip
Stipa tenuissima
3
9
2L Pot
Coles
Kenny Fu | 130175722 | LSC 333 Planting | Sally O’Halloran
+ 243.75m
B + 243.82m
+ 244.82m
+ 244.78m
0.3%
+ 244.45m 2% 1.5%
+ 244.7m
A
+ 248.62m
2.5%
2%
2% + 245m
+ 244.97m
+ 244m
+ 244.92m
0.7%
+ 245.03m
+ 245m
+ 245m
+ 245.42m + 245.77m
+ 246m
B”
0.4% + 245m
+ 246m
A”
6%
THE FIVE ELEMENTS: NURSERY ENTRANCE CONSTRUCTION DESIGN Location | Crookes Cemetery Nursery Entrance Client | Sheffield University
For the construction module, the nursery had been altered, turning the cafeteria building into a steel-framed glass shelter for recreational purposes. 12
Concept Model Making
13
150
600
MOT Type 1 Granular Sub base
50
60
B1 Joint work for concrete and wooden bench
A-A” Elevated paths and retaining walls. Centre footpath will vary in size
Bradstone Stone 150
405
1000
1000
405
405
400
150
495
60
150
450
2541
master® walling
150
600
Breedon Golden Amber Gravel
342
175
2950
1000
150
142
175
1645
495
480
1000
0
480
2541
405
250
495
175
1200 0
129
1000
342
1000
1000
400
142
RC40 in situ concrete base 342
405
40
16
1000
50
Subgrade Stainless steel
0
4 16
B2 Joint work of steel beam splices and structural glass
40
16
342
250
0
0
1645
150
B-B” | 1:50 Recreational Space with steel shelter
B2
2950
150
1645
400
1000
400
495
150
1200 0
129
342
B1 1200
0
250
0
2950
129
400
450
495
450 600
405
175 40
405
16
1000
400
600
342
150
1645
150
405
175
2950
2950
250
2950
1000
0
4 16
0
129
175
175
1
600
1200
0
129
405
0
129
342
405
1200
1000
1000
142
14
02 FAMILY COMMUNITY The Housing Project provides the opportunity to become more familiar with contemporary issues regarding housing, housing policies, social perceptions, legislation and the notion of sustainability. With the issue of global warming becoming more prominent, the emphasis is on achieving social, environmental and economical sustainability. Many countries across Europe have responded by developing so-called ‘eco-towns’, a new sustainable way of living that focuses on reducing environmental impacts. The aim for this project was to research more about these eco-towns and to develop our own housing scheme onto a nearby brownfield site on Abbeydale Road. 15 15
Skills used | Photoshop, Sketchup, Maxwell Render, Wacom tablet
WELCOME TO
ABBEYDALE GREEN 16
WATER
Primary paths are made from permeable asphalts. Southfacing slope also allows water to naturally run off to ponds
Common House
CIRCULATION
Primary Secondary Public
SOCIAL Abbeydale Green is a vehicle free, community driven housing development with low environmental impact. Its community driven style allows residents to improve social interaction with one and other, leading to a stronger bond between within the community. Communal garden spaces between the north/south-facing dwellings that are managed by residents. These communal spaces allow children to play safely without the parents having to worry. Residents decide what vegetation are planted in these spaces. Large allotments will also be available towards the north for each resident where maximum sunlight is obtained. A common house, which is the heart of the community and hopes to bring people together. It has shared facilities such as laundrette and kitchen which can be used for group gatherings
17
Semi-private communal spaces that is used for recreational purposes. Public space can be found right at the bottom
VEGETATION
Young Silver birches are used between the dwellings for aesthetic purposes.
Community-driven communal space
18
Life of Ben and John
19
Sunday 18:30 - Friends and families spend time together in the Common House for an evening meal using the home-grown crops. 20
Smithy Wood is a semi-ancient woodland home to many wildlife species in South Yorkshire. A local firm have submitted a planning application to propose the construction of a Motor Service Area (MSA) within the woods as they believe it will provide necessary road safety to people. Many locals and wildlife conservatives have strongly opposed to the plan, despite the firm’s attempt to integrate various ecological proposals to their design, as they believe the cons outweigh the pros. For this project the goal was to change the proposed layout and create a design which would maintain or enhance the current ecological value of Smithy woods. The module was lead by Prof. Nigel Dunnett and provided a more in-depth study of the ecological side of Landscape Architecture. Skills used | Photoshop, Wacom tablet, Sketchup, Marker pens
03 GREEN REFUEL 21
“Green Refuel� pays further attention to the site’s status as an Ancient Woodland and integrates numerous measures to maximise the quality and ecological value of both natural and built environment. The design proposal will bring large biodiversity to the site, and provide new habitat for native species that the current Smithy Woods does not bring. Green Refuel means that the site will not just be used to provide vehicles with fuel, but to give fuel and energy for nature, wildlife and people and bring them alive. The aim is to get people to integrate with nature and let them witness the beauty they rarely see.
22
HABITAT MATRIX
KEY
The habitat matrix demonstrates the consideration to restore habitats for five locally endangered species within the design and shows the ecological value of each area. Plants chosen are all native to encourage more native fauna to come.
Feeding area
F
Chick feeding
UKBAP priority species
Marsh
Reed and retention pond
H
Seasons which they occur
Wet meadow planting
Dry grassland
F
F
F
F
H
H
H
H
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Biodiversity Target Common corder Bumblebee Bombus pascuorum
Larvae feeding
LBAP priority species
J F MAMJ J A SOND
Green Roof
Breeding area
Hibernation area
Wetland planting
Broadleaf woodland
Streetscape planting
Rain garden planting
F
MA M J J A SO N Forester Moth Adscita statices
F
M J J A Lapwing Vanellus vanellus
F
J FMAM J J A SOND Emperor Dragonfly Anax imperator
F
F
F
J J A Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages
AM J
23
F
A
F
F
F
F
F
GREEN ROOF FEATURES Neutral dry grassland Dry grassland is vital to pollinators such as the keystone species Bombus pascuorum as it supplies them wildflowers to pollenate. The three main species growing are: • Yarrow, Achillea millefolium • Thrift, Armeria maritima • Common Birdsfoot Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus
Acid dry grassland Used to create a larger biodiversity on the roof. The three main species are: • Sheep’s Sorrel, Rumex acetosella • Tormentil, Potentilla erecta • Sheep’s fescue, Festuca ovina
Alkaline dry grassland These plants have another role of providing habitat to the flagship specie Adscita statices. The three main species are: • Pasqueflower, Pulsatilla vulgaris • Horseshoe Vetch, Hippocrepis comosa • Viper’s-bugloss, Echium vulgare
Sedum Used to create a larger biodiversity and provide nectar for the bees. These will also help improve the visual aesthetics which helps link the building with the surround aesthetic design. The three main species are: • Goldmoss stonecrop, Sedum acre • Black Samson, Echinacea purpurea • Yallow ‘Taygetea’, Archillea ‘Taygetea’
Brownfield This provides habitat for pollinators and other ground-loving invertebrates. It will also provide Lapwings a ground for nesting. the three main species used are: • Oxford Ragwort, Senecio squalidus • Red Valerian, Centranthus ruber • Honesty, Lunaria annua
Heathland Used to create a larger biodiversity. Three main species are: • Heath bedstraw, Galium saxatile • Tormentil, Potentilla erecta • Bell Heather, Erica cinerea
The green roof visitor building will create habitats for many bird and invertebrate species with a wide variety of grassland species with different pH levels
Temporary retention pond Small temporary wet areas are placed around the roof using waterproof containers. These can provide water for the birds, particularly during chick-rearing when the young ones are incapable of leaving the roof for water.
Dead wood Trees cut down during development can be scatter across the green roof to introduce more insects and invertebrates.
24
WATER MANAGEMENT It is crucial that water is managed effectively on site as the removal of woodland and increase in hard surfaces will cause disruption to the local water cycle and increase the risk of flooding, particularly with recent climate change. Storm Desmond in the North of England has shown the effects of climate change, making December 2015 the warmest December ever recorded. These storms may become an annual recurrence and so it’s important we adapt our drainage systems to prepare for any flooding in the future.
INSTALLED SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 1. Grass filter strips with a stone collector trench is placed beneath the HGV lorry park to treat oils and other pollutants naturally 2. Excess roof runoff will be directed into pipes which will then lead it through to the living wall and rain garden beneath. 3. Rain gardens will provide aesthetic values to the area with its colourful range of herbaceous perennials. Small slits are placed around the edge to allow excess water to run off and prevent rot growth. More rain gardens can be found along the green fingers in the carpark which also helps clean the water runoff. 4. Retention ponds provides great service in managing water. The next page will provide more indepth detailing. 5. Bioswales are placed across the visitor building to encourage the use of the wooden board walk which has a high aesthetical value. 6. Grasscrete used in the south of the site will allow for natural water infiltration back in to the ground.
25
NATURAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Trees throughout the site will intercept rainwater and allow for natural evaporation and evapotranspiration Wetland marsh can collect water runoff during heavier rainfall when the retention pond has reached its limit.
WOODLAND EDGE
Salix fragilis, Crack Willow Notes: Found in damp woodland areas Alnus glutinosa, Common Alder
Athyrium filix-femina, Lady Fern Notes: Found in moist, acidic woodlands. Provides shelter and shade for wildlife.
AQUATIC PLANTS
WETLAND PERENNIALS
Cirsium dissectum, Meadow Thistle Notes: Feeding plant for Forester moth C. palustre, Marsh Thistle Notes: Feeding plant for Forester moth Lychnis flos-cuculi, Ragged-Robin Notes: Feeding plant for Forester moths and Common carder bumblebees Lotus pedunculatus, Greater Birdsfoot trefoil Notes: Feeding plant for Dingy Skippers Phragmites australis, Common Reed Notes: Can help cleanse and oxygenate water Lemna minor, Common Duckweed Notes: Female dragonflies can use this to lay eggs
23 24
The majority of the trees cut down will be recycled as construction material as it is much more economically sustainable than transported material. The wood will be used to make habitat features around the site such as Bee Poles, a colourful pole that provides a breeding spot for bees and insect hotels, which also uses other home and gardening materials such as plant pots and tubes to create small habitat crevices for invertebrates.
In comparison to its woodland surroundings, the retention pond outside the visitor centre is presented in a more formal manner to provide greater aesthetics experience for people walking in and out of the service building The adventure play area is made from recycled wood and encourages kids to interact with the woodlands. Kids can access this space safely through the small island of vegetation next to it. Woodland glades are scattered across the woodlands and encourages them to explore and discover more within the site. A raised deck leads visitors into the marsh. This kind of habitat is not seen often by people and will bring interest. A nature hide is built where visitors can inspect the rare conserved species. Information boards are placed to inform visitors about the species and educate them about cause of decline to raise awareness. 27
Explore the woodlands and become one with Nature.
GREEN REFUEL PROVIDING ENERGY FOR
VEHICLES PEOPLE NATURE
28
04 QUALITIES OF WATER During our educational trip to Copenhagen. Prof. Laurence Patticini had requested us to find a theme that was special to the capital city. The one thing that stood out to me was the usage of water in their designs and how it can dramatically change the spatial quality. For this module I observed the usage of water let my drawings explain how water and it’s motion and behaviour impacts outdoor spaces in many different ways. All drawings were hand drawn and rendered using Photoshop brushes; no image textures were used. Skills used | Sketching pens, Photoshop, AfterEffect 29
Interact Geometry Life
Engage Intrigue Linearity
Interact
Geometry
Life
30
Open Calm Mesmerism
31
Height Royalty Power
Smooth Enhance Colour
32
YEAR 2
05 URBAN JUNGLE Sheffield is historically notorious for its steel industry that was characterised by workshops, factories and studios for manufacturing purposes. The Cultural Industries Quarter was part of the industrial areas within the city and since steel became less of a demand, the quarter has slowly become more empty, isolated and hidden as more of these workshops closed. This module challenged us to take risks with our ideas to revive and bring out the hidden beauty within this postindustrial site. Skills used | Model making, Marker pens, Watercolour, Sketchup, Photoshop, teamwork
33
Group Work In our group work we wanted to overflow the derelict brownfield site with vegetation, an idea inspired after witnessing little to no greenery during the site evaluation. This would encourage more usage of the area as they can unwind in this natural and peaceful place. The concept for this design was “Post-industrial Adventure�, not only did we want to make the place feel safe, but to scatter small niches of excitement that will make the journey across more enjoyable.
34
35
Individual Work
For this part of the module we had to choose a small area within our design with a mixture of hard and soft landscapes and focus more on the selection of materials and how different materials can affect the spatial quality of a site.
Axonometric of bridge at night
1:50 Detail design Granite stone used as is durable and pleasant
Lighter rough granite 1:50 - Night time on the bumpy path Corduroy tactile paving Drainage slot
LED square tiled lights to fit with granite tiles
Ground LED lights
Resin bound, a more natural looking material
Drainage slot
Small circular LED placed below the bridge to make it stand out at night
37
Handle bars that also act as barriers
Tiles shaped so water moves away to the side
Thank you. Contact +44 7855764570 kenfu26@gmail.com