Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass Analysis of which works best during the Winter Season
By Kerone Folkes April 6th, 2009 Ryerson University - Thesis Report Advisor: Prof. Ramani Ramakrishnan
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performace During Winter Months, 2009
Copyright Š 2009 Kerone Folkes Toronto Ontario, Canada
Table of Contents 1
Acknowledgments
3
2
Executive Summary
4
3
Overview
5
4
Test Site
9
5
Process and Schedule
12
6
Research Methodology
7
Recommendations and Conclusions
3.1 3.2 3.3
6.1 6.2 6.3
Timeline of Events Making the Screens Data Loggers and Screens Installed Collection of Results Data logger Captions
Data Collection Methods Data Analysis Discussion
Appendices A B C D E
19
Drawing Package Calculations Typical Energy Bill Hot2000™ Analysis Daily Data Report
References
24
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
Purpose Rational Sources
List of Illustrations
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Figure
Page
Figure 4-1
Front of Residence (4 Shallamar Court)
9
Figure 4-2
South-East Facing Window (WIC)
10
Figure 4-3
North-West Facing Window (Bedroom 4)
10
Figure 4-4
Google Map of Site
11
Figure 5-1
Installed Fabric Screen in Bedroom 4
13
Figure 5-2
Installed Tint Screen in WIC
13
Figure 5-3
Frame Construction
14
Figure 5-4
Fabric Screen Construction
14
Figure 5-5
Tint Screen Construction
15
Figure 5-6
Data Logger Software Setup Dialogue
17
Figure 5-7
Typical Data Logger Results (Graph)
17
Figure 6-1
Comparison of Temperature Variances in Bedroom 4
22
Figure 6-2
Comparison of Temperature Changes Between Both Spaces
22
Figure 6-3
Comparison of Temperature Variances in WIC
23
Table
Page
Table 5-1
Testing Conditions
12
Table 5-2
Timeline of Events
13
Table 5-3
Typical Data Logger Results (Excel)
18
Table 6-1
Summary of Average Temperature Readings During Testing Period
20
Table 6-2
Summary of Temperature Differences
21
1
SECTION
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the following persons; without whom, this thesis would not have culminated successfully: Professor Ramani Ramakrishnan (Thesis Advisor) Monica and Trevor Gayle (Home owners) J. Warren Borg (Editor)
Boyan Bozhkov (Drawings) Ryerson University (Architecture Department)
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Evadney and Robert Folkes (Transportation)
3
SECTION
2
Executive Summary
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
This thesis presents the findings of an investigation comparing the effectiveness of fabric sunscreens versus window tints. In order to determine if the use of fabric sunscreens was more advantageous to the home owner during the winter months than a window tint, the magnitude of heat loss and/or gain was calculated during that period of time.
4
By critically analyzing performance issues of an existing building, further development of applied knowledge in practical problem solving and investigating will be honed. The building tested is currently experiencing both heat loss and air infiltration from its existing windows at an unacceptable rate. In an effort to prescribe a solution to this problem, it was proposed,to test
two types of sun screening methods then evaluate they performed in enhancing the heat retention capabilities of the space. The parameters of the investigation included: gathering temperature data from the windows for uncovered, fabric covered and tinted conditions. Measurements were taken from two different sides of the house. With the aid of ASHARE, HOT2000速, along with data gathered through Environment Canada and the use of Data Loggers, testing conditions were proposed, analyzed and applied to the recommendations and conclusions of this paper.
The comfort of our living spaces are significantly influenced by solar radiation and heat gain. In high-rise apartment buildings and condos where the increased use of curtain wall systems have turned living spaces into virtual green houses.
Similarly, residential areas are constantly being developed with little attention paid to the optimal orientation to house plans and specific room layouts. In some cases, bedrooms have been located where the occupants have been awaken by the morning sunlight. For this reason it becomes necessary to find solutions. Majority of the houses in use today, hasve some form of traditional window screening device that is used to reduce or eliminate the effects of extra lighting or heat gain within a space (i.e. Window blinds or curtains).
From an intrusive method, such as a sun shading device, to a less intrusive method like tinting; the scope of this thesis is to test on a microl evel. Focusing on the effects of fabric screens and window tint as screening methods over a three month winter period winter, the results were quantified to determine their effectiveness. The test site was located in Brampton, Ontario. It is a rectangular building which is oriented with its longitudinal axis parralel to its northwest/south-east direction. Its dominant windows face the north-west and southeast sides of the house. This house was chosen because of its orientation and the comparison that could be made for summer conditions for later testing. Controlled testing conditions were established and feedback from the occupants help to bring a quantitative and qualitative understanding of their environment. (refer to Appendix A for Drawing Package)
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
The chain reaction triggered by this effect has caused an influx of design approaches and development of highly sensitized HVAC systems whose functions are to reduce or counter the green house effect and ensure that living spaces remain habitable. The problem is particularly pronounced in areas where large amounts of south facing windows create a constant struggle of balancing heat transfers to and from living spaces. It is at this point where the need to reduce the green house effect has prompted innovative solutions in the research and development of indoor screening methods. Questions arose about their overall effectiveness, both as a supplementary screening solution or as a complimentary one.
3
SECTION
Overview
5
3
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
SECTION
Overview
6
3.1 Purpose
3.2 Rational
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how various window shading devices enhance or reduce the effects of the heat load of an interior space. Fabric and window tint were used as sunscreening devices where their performance was tested using temperature data Logger. Conducting the test during the winter months (heating season), eliminated the influences of summer heat, enabling the tests to be conducted in an unbiased environment. Central heating influences were considered negligible due to the heating load being equally dispursed throughout the house. Through a process of comparisons, collected results were used to quantify the effectiveness of the screens mentioned in affecting the heating load within the living space.
Fabric and tinted glass, diffuses the sun’s heat and glare before it enters our and consequently reduce the harmful effects within our living spaces. While exterior shading devices reduce solar heat gains, as much as (70%) of the heat and glare getting reflected, absorbed and dissipated before it enters. Acting at times, similarly to a louvered awning, a sun screening device will reduce the amount of heat and glare entering through a window, while allowing visibility to the exterior. Tinted glass is often times used to filter the effects of near infrared solar energy reducing the solar heat gain that can be experienced whereas, fabric screens are geared more towards occupant privacy and glare reduction. The investigation conducted is intended to compare the effectiveness of two types of screening methods, by measuring the magnitude of heat loss or heat gain within the space over time. In this instance the test period was conducted during the period, December 21st thru March 20th. The test was conducted on a general level, where the results would assist in determining if either of the chosen window covering devices were more effective in the heat gain or loss of the living space.
3
SECTION
Overview 3.3 Sources ASHARE
National Climate Data and Information Archive The National Climate Data and Information Archive is operated and maintained by Environment Canada. It contains the official climate and weather observations for all Canada allowing direct access to climate and weather values within its database. This database has values for weather conditions and averages that ranges from a particular day and time from different weather stations.
International Window Film Association The IWFA is an association that provides value-added services to its members, helping to sustain and develop there businesses. They partner with manufacturers and other members to increase consumer awareness and demand for all types of professionally installed window film products. They act as a standardizing agency where they connect the consumer to the various laws and regulations that apply to their products based on the market that they are trying to enter or are currently involved.
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASHARE (refer to Appendix B) is an international technical society for persons and organizations interested in heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R). The Society, organized into regions, chapters, and student branches, which allow for the global exchange of HVAC&R knowledge and experience as it benefits the field’s practitioners and the public. ASHRAE’s mission statement is focused on the sciences of heat, ventilation, air condition and refrigeration to serve humanity and promote a sustainable world.
7
SECTION
3
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Hot2000TM
8
HOT2000 (refer to Appendix D) is a lowrise residential energy analysis and design software that is used to analyze the heat loss or gain and system performance of existing and new building designs. This evaluation takes into account the thermal effectiveness of the building and its components. The passive solar heating impacts based on the location of the building, its operation and performance of its ventilation, heating and cooling systems is also computed. Developed by the Natural Resources Canada, CANMET Energy Technology Centre, and Sustainable Buildings and Communities this software is used to enhance the designs of clean energy projects and optimizing how integrated energy efficient design, complies with code requirements.
Overview
4 Shallamar Court, Brampton, Ontario
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Figure 4-1: Front of Residence
SECTION
4 Test Site
9
4
SECTION
Test Site
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Walk In Closet (WIC)
10
Figure 4-2: South-East Facing Window
Bedroom 4
Figure 4-3: North-West Facing Window
4
SECTION
Test Site
RO
YA L
OR
CH
AR
D
DR
IV
W
IL
LI
N
Figure 4-4: Google Map of Site
The test site is located near the intersections of McLaughlin Road and Williams Parkway in Brampton, Ontario. Built in the community of Fletcher Meadows by Mattamy Homes, during the late 1990s, the building is approximately twelve years old. The site location was chosen mainly for its northwest to southeast orientation along with a direct line of sight to the sun, having little influence from external shading accessories. The building is a two storey residential home with a four person occupancy. It is usually uninhabited during the daytime hours and therefore the influence of occupancy energy was disregarded for the calculations.
It was noted that there is air infiltration from both test windows which is proven by its symptoms of sweating in the corners. The influence of this on the results were also considered negligible. The first window (Figure 4-2) is located in the Walk in Closet on the facing southeast, while, the second window (Figure 4-3) is located in Bedroom 4 facing the northwest.
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
AM
S
SH
PA R
AL
LA
M
AR
KW AY
CO
UR
T
E
11
5
SECTION
Process and Schedule
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
The scope of this experiment investigated the difference that occurred in the heating load of the space, based on the type of screening devices used. Two types of window shading devices, a fabric screen and a window tint, were chosen for this location. The initial house analysis included a whole house audit which was used to determine the current energy loads of the rooms in question, by conducting a HOT2000TM analysis. A heat load calculation was performed using ASHARE to analyze the results gathered from the testing period. In the second phase of calculations, the focus was on the temperature differences that occurred during the time the screens were installed. The process included taking temperature readings from each sample space during the winter period. Actual testing time lasted from December 7, 2008 thru February 28, 2009. Through this process of testing and comparing, the results
12
accumulated helped to quantify the effectiveness of each screening device as an effective shading device for winter. The main measurements were taken from the interior of each room. The parameters for conducting the tests allowed for an establishment of datum points. These included the following phases; first, the windows were tested uncovered for approximately three weeks and the results were used to establish the first comparison point. The second phase saw the installation of the screens on opposing windows for approximately three weeks, after which they were interchanged with each other for another three weeks. During these phases, a log of the interior temperatures within the house and used as a comparison point fo rthe internal temperature that was unaffected by the use of window cladding. These datum points were then used in conjunction with the temperatures from the Environment Canada Weather Data Website. (See table below)
Control
Condition 1
Condition 2
WIC
Uncovered
Fabric
Tint
Bedroom 4
Uncovered
Tint
Fabric
Hallway
Interior Temp
Interior Temp
Interior Temp
Table 5-1: Testing Conditions
5
SECTION
Process and Schedule 5.1 Timeline of Events Nov. 2, 2008
Initial site visit
Nov. 14, 2008
Devices have been selected and ordered (Quantity 3)
Nov. 22, 2008
Frames were built
Nov. 24, 2008
Mid-Year Thesis Report submitted
Nov. 24, 2008
Arrival of devices
Nov. 29, 2008
Installation of devices and start of testing
Dec. 6, 2008
Analysis of preliminary data
Dec. 7, 2008 thru Dec. 25, 2008 Jan. 12, 2009 Feb. 8, 2009 thru Feb. 27, 2009
Collection of results for WIC (Tinted) and Bedroom 4 (Fabric) Collection of results for WIC (Fabric) and Bedroom 4 (Tinted)
Mar. 16, 2009
Draft report submitted
April 6, 2006
Final report submitted
Table 5-2:Timeline of Events
Figure 5-1: Installed Fabric Screen in Bedroom 4
Figure 5-2: Installed Tint Screen in WIC
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
thru Jan. 24, 2009
Collection of Uncovered results (Both windows)
13
SECTION
5
Process and Schedule
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
5.2 Making the Screens With the initial site visit completed and the building measured, the dimensions of the test windows were determined and the amounts of materials needed to cover each window was calculated. It was decided that one pair of screens would be built and interchanged between the windows; together they would reflect the same testing conditions, but for two types of screens during each three week period. Screens were built based on the largest window size and measured to, 1525mm x 1525mm, allowing each screen to fit over both windows.
1.5 m 1.5 m
Figure 5-3: Frame Construction
These screens were made from 1”” x 1”” spruce wood, making the frames lightweight and maneuverable. The process involved the following steps:
14
a. The longest dimension was used to govern the size of the frame (Figure 5-3). This dimension had an additional 15% of materials considered to ensure that the frame would sit around the finished window opening and not inside it’s frame. b. For the fabric screen, (Figure 5-4), an egg shell colored, tightly woven fabric was chosen. Once the frames were constructed, the fabric was secured to the screen using screws and given enough yield which enabled the screen to be folded in half for easier transportation.
Figure 5-4: Fabric Screen Construction
c. Similarly with the tint, (Figure 5-5), the frame was constructed, as per the fabric screen. The main difference was the tint was split into two panels because of manufactured widths. These were secured to the frame and the central gap was secured using a clear tape thereby maintaining the visual integrity of the tint. The adhering film that came with the tint was retained for purposes of rigidity.
5
SECTION
Process and Schedule
Figure 5-5: Tint Screen Construction
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
15
SECTION
5
Process and Schedule
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
5.3 Data Loggers and Screens Installed
5.4 Collection of Results
Three data Loggers were acquired and The results of each three week span was collected, averaged and graphed. installed as follows: These results were analyzed and 1. The first data Logger was installed in comments were summarized. The data the Walk-in-Closet approximately was groupped into the following three 1220mm away from the window, categories and a relationship between and the existing blinds were left each was analyzed. For each three week open. This position was choosen batch of readings, the averages were to reduce the influence of the taken from the warmest time period heating system which provided a of the each day (9:00am to 6:00pm), vent directly below the window. and a graph was plotted depicting the 2. The second data Logger was placed temperature changes.The time period in the hallway, as the overall was chosen based on its similarlarity to interior temperature was needed the summer months taking into account to establish an uninfluenced that during the winter months the reading. This data was used warmest periods of each day is shorter. alongside the results of the The total changes in the temperatures previously mentioned condition to for each day were averaged. A portion determine if a significant change of the results calculated to determine in the ambient temperature was the air infiltration. (refer to Appendix E)
16
achieved from a heat gain or loss.
3. The third data Logger was installed in Bedroom 4, 2940mm away from the window but was directly in front of it. The variance in distances was based mainly on the rooms layout and to additionally keep it away from the vent.
5
SECTION
Process and Schedule 5.5 Data Logger Captions
Figure 5-7: Typical Data Logger Results (Graph)
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Figure 5-6: Data Logger Software Setup Dialogue
17
5
SECTION
Process and Schedule
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
>>Logging Name:Walk in Closet >>FROM:12Ͳ07Ͳ2008 09:46:52 TO:01Ͳ04Ͳ2009 04:16:52 >>Sample Points: 4000 >>Sample Rate:600 sec. >>Temperature Unit:Celsius >> Relative Humidity(LowAlarm:35.0ͲHighAlarm:75.0) >>Temperature(LowAlarm:Ͳ40.0ͲHighAlarm:40.0)
18
NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
DATE 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008 12/07/2008
TIME 9:46:52 9:56:52 10:06:52 10:16:52 10:26:52 10:36:52 10:46:52 10:56:52 11:06:52 11:16:52 11:26:52 11:36:52 11:46:52 11:56:52 12:06:52 12:16:52 12:26:52 12:36:52 12:46:52 12:56:52 13:06:52 13:16:52
Table 5-3: Typical Data Logger Results (Excel)
TEMPERATURE 23 22.9 22.2 22.2 22.4 22.7 23 23.3 23.5 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.8 23.8 23.8 23.7 23.7 23.5 23.4 23.2 23
RELATIVEͲ HUMIDITY 39.2 32.4 44.2 45.3 45.3 44.9 44.5 44.2 44 43.6 43.3 43.4 43.5 43.7 43.9 44 44.1 44.1 44.3 44.5 44.6 44.8
DEWͲPOINT 8.3 5.5 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.2 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.4 10.3
The main goal of this thesis was to determining if significant changes occurred within a living space, based on the type of sun screening device used. Conducted over a three month period, the interior temperatures of the building were recorded for testing conditions cited above, (see Table 5-1). Within these parameters, the datum points established were compared and used to determine if these changes made a significant impact on the building.
The methods used to gather data for the analysis of this report included using the HOT2000TM analysis program to conduct a whole home analysis (see Appendix D). Data Loggers were used to record temperature changes within the interior spaces of the house. Although the Loggers were capable of recording temperature changes, relative humidity and dew point changes, our focus was on the temperature changes within the building. The ASHARE handbook was consulted to determine the factors and coefficients needed to make a comparison between the analyzed results and their calculations.
The DT-171 Compact Digital USB Temperature & Humidity Data Logger was chosen as the best choice for long term data acquisition. This instrument is USB compatible, enabling a plug and go freedom. The recorder allows one to remotely record the changes in temperatures. Equipped with its own software program data can be manipulated to plot graphs and analyze the collected results, promoting quick responses to the data and interpretation process. Additionally, it exports a copy of the data file as “*.txt� format for use in software programs, such as Microsoft Excel (see Table 5-3); here the data was manipulated for analysis and presentation purposes. The captions (pages 17 -18) give an idea of the steps involved while setting up the Data Logger and process the information. Along with the results from the logger, data from Pearson International Airport’s weather station were collected as a record of the external temperatures being experienced on a daily basis in the area. This was done via Environment Canada website. (http://www.climate.weatheroffice. ec.gc.ca/climateData)
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
6.1 Data-collection Methods
6
SECTION
Research Methodology
19
SECTION
6
Research Methodology
6.2 Data Analysis This section summarizes the results collected with comments about the findings. Table 6-1 below shows the summarized temperature readings over the time period under varying test conditions.
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Summary of Average Temperature Readings During Testing Period
20
Table 6-1: Summary of Ave. Temp. Readings During Testing Period
6
SECTION
Research Methodology Summary of Temperature Differences
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Table 6-2: Summary of Temperature Differences
21
6
SECTION
Research Methodology
COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE VARIANCE IN BEDROOM 4 25.00
TEMPERATURE
20.00
15.00 BEDROOM 4 UNCOVERED 10.00
BEDROOM 4 TINT BEDROOM 4 FABRIC
22
0.00 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
DAYS
Figure 6-1: Comparison of Temperature Variance in Bedroom 4
COMPARISON OF BOTH SPACES DURING CONDITION 1 25
20
TEMPERATURE
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
5.00
15
WIC (UNCOVERED)
BEDROOM 4 (UNCOVERED)
10
CONDITION 1 (WIC TINT & FABRIC)
5
0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7 DAYS
8
9
Figure 6-2:Comparison of Temperature Changes Between The Spaces.
10
11
12
13
6
SECTION
Research Methodology
COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE VARIANCE IN WIC 25
20
TEMPERATURE
y
15 WIC UNCOVERED 10
WIC TINT WIC FABRIC
5
0 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
DAYS Figure 6-3:Comparison of Temperature Variance in WIC
6.3 Discussion The results derived from the change in temperature averages (Table 6-2), shows that the uncovered results from the northwest face of the building had a lower rate of heat gain over the period of time analyzed, as opposed to the southwestern face. This side of the building had a smaller window and received the afternoon sun. The southern side of the building showed heat gain from the solar radiation when the fabric screen was in place (Figure 6-3). The result it appeared to be of a higher percentage of heat being lost
from the buildings’ southeastern face when the tinted screen was used. When compared to the original heating load, during the winter there was 32.8% retention of heat, resulting from the use of the fabric screen. It should be noted that the rate of air infiltration may have acutely influenced some of these results.
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
1
23
SECTION
7
Recommendations
Recommendation 1 For those who want to use a fabric screen as their option, should consider using it during the summer months as they act as an effective diffuser of the sun; where as, during the winter months they are ineffective except when applied to the southern facing windows in allowing solar gains which is important for winter thermal comfort.
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Recommendation 2 If you chose to use a window tint as a shading device, it will have a higher heat gain during the winter months but due to an issue with visibility it is not recommended for privacy issues however, areas where privacy is not an issue window tint is recommended over fabric. Recommendation 3 The combination of both types of shading devices is the best of these three recommendations. It is suggested to the home builder to place the bedroom(s) on the southern side of the building taking full advantage of a fabrics ability to enhance the gain gains of the space and tint on the northern sides during the winter months.
24
7
SECTION
Conclusions
The main goal was to determine if any significant changes occured within the living space based on the type of sun shading device chosen and heat gains/ losses achieved. Conducted over a three month winter period, the focuses on the orientation of the building and the effect on the solar heat gains within the space was investigated.
The Window Tint had a greater solar heat gain than the fabric. Unfortunately, though it was beneficial during the winter monthsfor keeping the space warmed, the resident found it too
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Overall, the results of this experiment has been successful in determining which sun screening method works more efficiently during the winter months. Not only has it been found that the fabric screen works better at reducing the amount of solar heat gain in the space, it has also been derived that the southern side of the building was the only adequate side that fabric screens were beneficial for solar heat gains for thermal comfort.
25
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
Appendices
Analysis of Fabric Sunscreens vs. Tinted Glass: Performance During Winter Months, 2009
1
M. Gayle House
APPENDIX A
28 M. Gayle House
Owner
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
Cover Page
Contents: A0 - Cover Page A1 - First & Second Floor Plans A2 - Second Floor & Roof Plan A3 - North & South Elevations A4 - East Elevation A5 - West Elevation A6 - North South Section A7 - East West Section A & B
Design Person: Kerone Folkes
Scale
A0
Heat System Design Project Drawing Package
Drawing Package 24/11/2008 7:11:30 AM
1 : 100
Basement
M. Gayle House
Owner
1 : 100
1 A6
UP
Kitchen 16 m²
Pantry
WC 2 m²
DN
UP
Porch
Dining Area 16 m²
Foyer 16 m²
UP
UP
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
Scale
A1
First & Second Floor Plan
Living Room 17 m²
Garage 23 m²
First Floor
A7
2
2 A7
A7
HWC
UP
1
Basement 73 m²
Unexcavated
1
APPENDIX A
1
2
A7
1
F DW
A6
1 : 100
Drawing Package
29
24/11/2008 7:39:13 AM
1
Bedroom 3 15 m²
1 : 100
DN
WC 4 m²
WIC 7 m²
Bedroom 4 10 m²
Hallway 9 m²
Bedroom 2 10 m²
Ensuite 9 m²
Master Bedroom 21 m²
Second Floor
A7
1
A7
2
APPENDIX A
30 A6
1
M. Gayle House
Owner
2
1 : 100
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
Scale
A2
Second Floor & Roof Plan
Roof Plan
A7
1
2 A7
1 A6
1 : 100
Drawing Package 24/11/2008 7:39:20 AM
1 : 100
North
APPENDIX A
1
First Floor 0
First Floor 0
South
2675
2675
2
Second Floor
Second Floor
M. Gayle House
Owner
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
Scale
A3
North & South Elevations
-2474
-2474
1 : 100
Basement
Basement
Grade
5075
5075
Grade
Top of Ceiling
Top of Ceiling
1 A6
1 A6
1 : 100
Drawing Package
31
24/11/2008 7:39:26 AM
1
1 : 100
East
APPENDIX A
32 M. Gayle House
Owner
2 A7
1 A7
-2474
Basement
0
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
East Elevations
Grade
First Floor
2675
Second Floor
5075
Top of Ceiling
Scale
A4 1 : 100
Drawing Package 24/11/2008 7:39:30 AM
1 : 100
West
APPENDIX A
1
M. Gayle House
Owner
1 A7
2 A7
Scale
-2474
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
0
Basement
West Elevation
Grade
First Floor
2675
Second Floor
5075
Top of Ceiling
A5 1 : 100
Drawing Package
33
24/11/2008 7:39:45 AM
APPENDIX A
34
1
1 : 100
North South Section
Kitchen
Bedroom 3
Basement
Bedroom 2
Ensuite
Living Room
Garage
Master Bedroom
M. Gayle House
Owner
2 A7
1 A7
-2474
Basement
0
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
Scale
North South Section
Grade
First Floor
2675
Second Floor
5075
Top of Ceiling
A6 1 : 100
Drawing Package 24/11/2008 7:39:52 AM
1 : 100
East West Section A
APPENDIX A
1
Kitchen
Dining Area
Basement
Bedroom 3
Bedroom 4
2
Garage
Grade
M. Gayle House
Owner
1 : 100
BB, KF, AE, JB
November 17,2008
Ryerson University- Thesis
Drawn by
Date
Heat System Design Project
Scale
East West Section A & B A7
-2474
-2474
East West Section B
Basement
Basement
Basement
0 Grade
First Floor
0
2675
2675
First Floor
Second Floor
Second Floor
Foyer
5075 Master Bedroom
5075 WIC
Top of Ceiling
Top of Ceiling
1 A6
1 A6
1 : 100
Drawing Package
35
24/11/2008 7:40:26 AM
Calculations The following tables summarizes the total load reductions experienced by each room and over all Bedroom 4 located on the North-West side of the experienced the largest use of cooling loads based on the GLF.
Load Calculations for Un-shaded Window areas Room Direction Net Area GLF 2 (W/m2) (m ) Bedroom 4 North-West 3.07 337 WIC South-East 1.37 344
Cooling Load (kW) 1.05 0.47
Load Calculations for Opaque roller shades, fully drawn (Fabric Screen) Room
Direction
Bedroom 4 WIC
North-West South-East
Net Area (m2) 3.07 1.37
GLF (W/m2) 142 145
Cooling Load (kW) 0.44 0.20
Load Reduction (Typical) Calculated in referenced from the ASHARE handbook for fabric screens Bedroom 4 WIC
APPENDIX B
36
58.1% 57.5%
21.58 13.89 17.76 19.07 18.34 18.28 17.9 19.24 18.81 18.42 20.64 18.33 17.9 21.16 19.29 21.87 18.25 16.84 22.06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
APPENDIX B
UNCOVERED
DAYS 19.99 15.95 17.12 20.62 21.25 19.11 19.34 18.03 21.49 17.76 17.93 20.77 22.52
TINT
WIC
22.74 23.21 18.98 20.19 19.45 21.24 21.94 23.03 23.43 22.27 19.43 20.83 21.71 21.65 18.59 22.66 22.44 23.36 22.38 20.87
FABRIC 18.85 17.54 18.16 17.97 17.33 18.44 18.54 19.37 19.48 19.06 19.00 18.86 18.63 18.86 18.87 19.58 18.49 18.94 22.02
UNCOVERED 19.75 19.89 19.42 20.30 19.13 20.56 20.13 19.28 20.05 20.32 20.33 19.06 19.55 19.71 19.10 18.60 19.04 19.11 20.21 21.26
TINT
BEDROOM 4
18.29 17.80 16.96 16.77 17.55 19.08 19.31 19.08 19.63 18.56 19.06 21.19 19.98
FABRIC
CONDITION 1 (WIC TINT & FABRIC) 20.22 19.19 18.80 19.31 18.67 18.69 19.58 20.43 19.48 18.97 19.71 18.78 18.85 19.86 19.27 20.72 19.23 19.43 21.83
CONDITION 2 CONDITION 3 (WIC FABRIC & (HALLWAY) TINT) 19.08 20.76 18.77 21.08 18.07 19.47 19.35 20.51 20.55 19.60 20.21 21.08 19.67 21.05 19.02 20.96 20.42 21.43 18.53 21.07 19.00 21.24 21.16 19.61 21.38 20.76 20.65 19.80 20.53 20.49 20.32 20.65 21.66
HALLWAY
Calculations
37
APPENDIX B
38
AVERAGES
1.90 3.54 1.31 2.54 2.27 2.64 2.50 1.59 1.96 2.01 2.25 0.76 2.13 1.79 0.94 0.95 2.00 1.38 -1.37 1.74
1.66
BEDROOM 4 DELTA T
-0.82 7.19 1.71 1.44 1.26 2.80 3.15 1.72 2.62 2.65 0.60 1.28 2.86 -0.51 0.51 -1.34 2.24 3.48 -1.41
WIC DELTA T
UNCOVERED DELTA T
Summary of Temparature Differences
0.24 3.23 1.68 -1.31 -2.58 -0.41 0.24 2.40 -2.02 1.21 1.78 -1.99 -3.68
-0.09
WIC DELTA T -0.67 -1.12 -1.35 -0.95 1.41 -0.36 -0.46 -0.26 0.37 -1.79 -1.34 2.09 1.83
-0.20
BEDROOM 4 DELTA T
SHADED TINTED DELTA T
1.93 1.38 1.84 2.54 1.13 -0.39 0.27 1.35 -0.16 0.41 0.65 -2.41 -1.13
0.57 -1.79
BEDROOM 4 DELTA T
-3.66 -4.43 -0.91 -0.84 1.09 -1.04 -2.26 -4.01 -3.01 -3.74 -0.44 0.33 -0.33
WIC DELTA T
SHADED FABRIC DELTA T
Calculations
APPENDIX C
Typical Energy Bill
39
Typical Energy Bill
APPENDIX C
40
APPENDIX C
Typical Energy Bill
41
Hot 2000TM Analysis HOT2000
HOUSE REPORT
Natural Resources CANADA Version
Client:
Gayle, M
Audit Date:
19/11/2007
Address:
4 Shallimar Court
Auditor:
BBEF
City:
Brampton
File ID:
November192008
Province:
Ontario
Code:
L6X4N2
Phone:
905-555-5555
Your house was analysed using a computer program developed by Natural Resources Canada. The following charts show the components of yearly energy consumption and heat loss for your home. COMPONENTS OF ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
COMPONENTS OF ANNUAL HEAT LOSS
APPENDIX D
42
Hot 2000TM Analysis Your house currently uses approximately 32005.7 kWh for space and hot water heating in an average year. The following chart illustrates the relationship between the energy used by your house and the energy used by an equivalent R2000 home.
APPENDIX D
ANNUAL HEATING + HOT WATER ENERGY CONSUMPTION (kWh)
43
Hot 2000TM Analysis Notice to Homeowner
Your house was analysed using a computer program developed by Natural Resources Canada. Natural Resources Canada makes no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the energy consumption figures included in this assessment. In no event will Natural Resources Canada nor its minister, officers, employees or agents have any obligations or liability arising from tort, or for loss of revenue or profit, or for indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages as a result of the homeowner’s use of the assessment report. Some of the assumptions within the computer program may, or may not, be applicable to your household. Where assumptions have been made, they are based on an average appliance usage rate.
H2Kv9.2-Mar2004
APPENDIX D
44
Hot 2000TM Analysis HOT2000 Natural Resources CANADA Version 10.12 File: Application Type:
M House.HSE General
User Weather File: Weather Data for ,
Builder Code: November192008 Data Entry by: BBEF Date of entry: 19/11/2007 Company: BBEF Client name: Gayle, M Street address: 4 Shallimar Court City: Postal code:
Brampton L6X4N2
Region: Telephone:
Ontario 905-555-5555
GENERAL HOUSE CHARACTERISTICS House type: Number of storeys: Plan shape: Front orientation: Year House Built: Wall colour: Roof colour: Soil Condition: Water Table Level:
Single Detached Two storeys Rectangular Southwest 2000 Red Flat black Normal conductivity (dry sand, loam, clay) Normal (7-10m/23-33ft)
Absorptivity: Absorptivity:
0.74 0.95
House Thermal Mass Level: (A) Light, wood frame Effective mass fraction 1.000 Occupants :
2 Adults for 50.0% of the time 2 Children for 50.0% of the time 0 Infants for 0.0% of the time
APPENDIX D
Sensible Internal Heat Gain From Occupants: 2.40 kWh/day
45
Hot 2000TM Analysis HOUSE TEMPERATURES Heating Temperatures Main Floor: Basement:
21.0 °C 21.0 °C
TEMP. Rise from 21.0 °C:
2.8 °C
Cooling Temperature: Main Floor :
25.00 °C
Basement is- Heated: YES Cooled: NO Separate T/S: NO Fraction of internal gains released in basement : 0.150 Indoor design temperatures for equipment sizing Heating: 22.0 °C Cooling: 24.0 °C
WINDOW CHARACTERISTICS Label
Location
#
Overhang Header Tilt Curtain Shutter Width Height deg Factor (RSI) (m) (m)
Southeast Southeast0001
Main floor
1 0.41
2.10
90.0 1.00
0.00
Southeast0003
Second level
1 0.41
2.14
90.0 1.00
0.00
Southeast0004
Second level
1 0.41
2.14
90.0 1.00
0.00
Southeast0005
Foundation - 1
1 0.41
2.11
90.0 1.00
0.00
Patio Door
Main floor
1 0.41
2.14
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northeast0001
Main floor
1 0.41
2.15
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northeast0002
Main floor
1 0.41
2.15
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northeast0003
Second level
1 0.41
2.10
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northeast0004
Foundation - 1
1 0.41
2.11
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northeast0004
Second level
1 0.41
2.10
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northwest0001
Main floor
1 0.41
2.11
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northwest0002
Main floor
1 0.41
2.11
90.0 1.00
0.00
Northwest0003
Second level
1 0.41
2.13
90.0 1.00
0.00
Southwest0001
Second level
1 0.41
2.10
90.0 1.00
0.00
Southwest0002
Second level
1 0.41
2.16
90.0 1.00
0.00
Southwest0003
Second level
1 0.41
2.16
90.0 1.00
0.00
Southwest0004
Second level
1 0.41
2.16
90.0 1.00
0.00
Label
Type
Northeast
Northwest
Southwest
APPENDIX D
46
#
Window Window Total Window Width SHGC Height Area RSI 2 (m) (m) (m )
Southeast Southeast0001
200000
1 1.45
1.30
1.88
0.280
0.7031
Southeast0003
200000
1 1.00
1.00
1.00
0.260
0.6827
Southeast0004
200000
1 1.00
1.00
1.00
0.260
0.6827
Hot 2000TM Analysis Southeast0005
100000
1 0.70
0.30
0.21
0.142
0.6536
Patio Door
SldDr
1 1.83
2.13
3.91
0.261
0.7036
Northeast0001
200000
1 1.00
1.00
1.00
0.260
0.6827
Northeast0002
200000
1 1.00
1.00
1.00
0.260
0.6827
Northeast0003
200000
1 1.00
1.00
1.00
0.260
0.6827
Northeast0004
200000
1 0.70
0.30
0.21
0.194
0.5821
Northeast0004
100000
1 0.80
0.80
0.64
0.149
0.7488
Northwest0001
200000
1 1.00
1.00
1.00
0.260
0.6827
Northwest0002
200000
1 0.67
0.77
0.52
0.237
0.6538
Northwest0003
200000
1 0.67
0.77
0.52
0.237
0.6538
Southwest0001
200000
1 1.05
1.30
1.36
0.270
0.6932
Southwest0002
200000
1 1.05
1.60
1.68
0.275
0.6986
Southwest0003
200000
1 1.05
1.60
1.68
0.275
0.6986
Southwest0004
200000
1 1.05
1.60
1.68
0.275
0.6986
Northeast
Northwest
Southwest
WINDOW CODE SCHEDULE Name
Internal Code
Description (Glazings, Coatings, Fill, Spacer, Type, Frame)
200000
200000
Double/double with 1 coat, Clear, 13 mm Air, Metal, Picture, Aluminum, ER* = -31.08, Eff. RSI= 0.10
100000
100000
Single (SG), Clear, 13 mm Air, Metal, Picture, Aluminum, ER* = -88.52, Eff. RSI= 0.10
SldDr
200020
Double/double with 1 coat, Clear, 13 mm Air, Metal, Slider with sash, Aluminum, ER* = -50.02, Eff. RSI= 0.08
APPENDIX D
* Window Standard Energy Rating estimated for assumed dimensions, and Air tightness type: CSA - A1; Leakage rate = 2.790 m3/hr/m
47
Hot 2000TM Analysis
BUILDING PARAMETER DETAILS CEILING COMPONENTS
Construction Type Ceiling01
Attic/hip
Code Type
Roof Slope
Heel Ht.(m)
Section Area (m2)
2231J02000
4.0/12
0.13
100.60
R. Value (RSI) 6.29
CEILING CODE SCHEDULE
Description (Structure, typ/size, Spacing, Insull, 2, Int., Sheathing, Exterior, Studs)
Name
Internal Code
2231J02000
2231J02000
Wood frame, 38x235 mm (2x10 in), 400 mm (16 in), N/A, None, Gypsum + Non insul. strapping, N/A, N/A, N/A
MAIN WALL COMPONENTS
R. Area (m2) Value (RSI)
Lintel Type
Fac. Dir
Number of Corn.
Number of Inter.
Height (m)
Perim. (m)
Main floor Type: 1211371121
100
N/A
4
4
2.40
43.00
103.20
3.55
Second level Type: 1211371121
100
N/A
4
4
2.40
49.30
118.32
3.60
N/A
4
4
0.23
43.00
9.89
3.85
Label
MWhdr-02 Type: 1800300520 WALL CODE SCHEDULE
Description (Structure, typ/size, Spacing, Insull, 2, Int., Sheathing, Exterior, Studs)
Name
Internal Code
1211371121
1211371121
Wood frame, 38x140 mm (2x6 in), 400 mm (16 in), RSI 3.5 (R 20) batt, 25 mm (1 in) semi-rigid, 12 mm (0.5 in) gypsum board, Waferboard/OSB 9.5 mm (3/8 in), Hollow metal/vinyl cladding, 3 studs
1800300520
1800300520
Floor header, N/A, N/A, RSI 3.5 (R 20) batt, None, N/A, Plywood/Particle board 12.7 mm (1/2 in), Hollow metal/vinyl cladding, N/A
EXPOSED FLOORS
Label EXPFloor-01
Floor Code Type
Area (m2)
R. Value (RSI)
3231506610
28.70
5.10
EXPOSED FLOOR SCHEDULE
APPENDIX D
48
Name
Internal Code
3231506610
3231506610
Description (Structure, typ/size, Spacing, Insull, 2, Int., Sheathing, Exterior, Studs) Wood frame, 38x235 mm (2x10 in), 400 mm (16 in), RSI 4.9 (R 28) batt, None, Wood, Plywood/Particle board 15.5 mm (5/8 in), Wood (lapped), No
DOORS
Label
Type
Height (m)
Width (m)
Gross Area (m2)
R. Value (RSI)
Hot 2000TM Analysis Door-01 Loc: Main floor
Wood hollow core
2.11
0.91
1.92
0.37
Door - 2 Loc: Main floor
Wood hollow core
2.10
0.75
1.57
0.37
FOUNDATIONS
Foundation Name: Foundation Type: Data Type:
Foundation - 1 Basement Library
Total Wall Height: Depth Below Grade:
2.00 m 1.40 m
Non-Rectangular Floor Perimeter: Floor Area:
40.10 m 73.20 m2
Interior wall type: Exterior wall type: Number of corners : Lintel type: Added to slab type : Floors Above Found.:
2102C10 User specified 8 Bsmnt Lintel User specified 4231000660
R-value: R-Value:
2.49 RSI 0.00 RSI
R-Value: R-Value:
0.00 RSI 0.72 RSI
146.4 m3 0.00 m2
Volume: Opening to Main Floor:
Exposed areas for: Foundation - 1 Exposed Perimeter: 40.10 m Configuration: BCIN_1 - concrete walls and floor - interior surface of wall insulated over full-height - any first storey construction type
FOUNDATION CODE SCHEDULE Interior Wall
Name 2102C10
Description (Fram., Spac., Studs, Ins/fram., Xtra ins, Int)
Code
38x89 mm (2x4 in) wood, 400 mm (16 in), 2 studs, RSI 2.1 (R 12) batt, N/A, 12 mm (0.5 in) gypsum board, N/A
2102C10
Floors Above Foundation
Name 4231000660
Description (Structure, typ/size, Spacing, Insul1, 2, Int., Sheathing, Exterior, Drop Framing)
Internal Code 4231000660
Wood frame, 38x235 mm (2x10 in), 400 mm (16 in), None, None, None, Plywood/Particle board 15.5 mm (5/8 in), Wood, No
Label BWhdr01 Type: 1800J00540
Lintel Type
Fac. Dir
Number of Corn.
Number of Inter.
Height (m)
Perim. (m)
N/A
N/A
4
4
0.23
40.10
Basement Floor Header Code Schedule
Name
Internal
Description
R. Area (m2) Value (RSI) 9.22
7.14
APPENDIX D
BASEMENT FLOOR HEADER COMPONENTS
49
Hot 2000TM Analysis Code 1800J00540
(Structure, typ/size, Spacing, Insul1, 2, Int., Sheathing, Exterior, Studs)
Floor header, N/A, N/A, N/A, None, None, Plywood/Particle board 12.7 mm (1/2 in), Tile1800J00540 linoleum, No
Lintel Code Schedule
Name
Description ( Type, Material, Insulation )
Code
1800J00540
100
Double, Wood, None
1800J00540
100
Double, Wood, None
Bsmnt Lintel
100
Double, Wood, None
ROOF CAVITY INPUTS
APPENDIX D
50
Gable Ends Sheathing Material Exterior Material:
Plywood/Part. bd 9.5 mm (3/8 in) Hollow metal/vinyl cladding
Sloped Roof Sheathing Material Exterior Material:
Plywood/Part. bd 12.7 mm (1/2 in) Asphalt shingles
Total Cavity Volume:
48.1 m3
Total Area:
0.00 m2 0.08 RSI 0.11 RSI
Total Area:
106.04 m2 0.11 RSI 0.08 RSI
Ventilation Rate:
0.50 ACH/hr
Hot 2000TM Analysis BUILDING ASSEMBLY DETAILS Construction Code
Nominal (RSI)
System (RSI)
Effective (RSI)
2231J02000
7.00
6.53
6.29
Main floor
1211371121
3.99
3.59
3.55
Second level
1211371121
3.99
3.64
3.60
MWhdr-02
1800300520
3.50
3.85
3.85
4231000660
0.00
0.72
0.72
Label CEILING COMPONENTS Ceiling01 MAIN WALL COMPONENTS
FLOORS ABOVE BASEMENTS Foundation - 1
BUILDING PARAMETERS SUMMARY ZONE 1 : Above Grade
Area m2 Gross
Area m2 Net
Ceiling
100.60
100.60
6.29
4377.87
3.46
Main Walls
231.41
208.04
3.59
21554.54
17.04
Doors
3.50
3.50
0.37
4066.57
3.22
Exposed floors
28.70
28.70
5.10
2205.46
1.74
Southeast Windows
7.79
7.79
0.27
12649.00
10.00
Northeast Windows
3.64
3.64
0.23
6819.36
5.39
Northwest Windows
2.04
2.04
0.25
3546.88
2.80
Southwest Windows
6.40
6.40
0.27
10074.37
7.97
65294.04
51.63
Component
Effective Heat Loss % Annual (RSI) MJ Heat Loss
ZONE 1 Totals: INTER-ZONE Heat Transfer : Floors Above Basement Area m2
Gross
Area m2 Net
73.20
73.20
Effective Heat Loss (RSI) MJ 0.721
2312.36
ZONE 2 : Basement
Area m2 Gross
Area m2 Net
Walls above grade
24.06
23.64
-
4933.31
3.90
Southeast windows
0.21
0.21
0.14
602.74
0.48
Northeast windows
0.21
0.21
0.19
441.33
0.35
Basement floor header
9.22
9.22
7.14
671.18
0.53
Below grade foundation
129.34
129.34
-
14200.74
11.23
20849.30
16.49
Effective Heat Loss % Annual (RSI) MJ Heat Loss
ZONE 2 Totals: Ventilation
House Volume
Air Change
Heat Loss MJ
% Annual Heat Loss
566.40 m3
0.480 ACH
40319.359
31.88
APPENDIX D
Component
51
Hot 2000TM Analysis AIR LEAKAGE AND VENTILATION Building Envelope Surface Area: 523.33 m2 Air Leakage Test Results at 50 Pa.(0.2 in H2O) = 3.82 ACH Equivalent Leakage Area @ 10 Pa = 807.86 cm2 Terrain Description @ Weather Station : Open flat terrain, grass @ Building site : Suburban, forest Local Shielding:
Leakage Fractions-
Height Anemometer Bldg. Eaves
Walls: Flue :
m 10.0 5.1
Heavy Light
Ceiling: 0.200
Walls: 0.650
Normalized Leakage Area @ 10 Pa: Estimated Airflow to cause a 5 Pa Pressure Difference: Estimated Airflow to cause a 10 Pa Pressure Difference:
Floors: 0.150
1.5437 cm2/m2 129 L/s 202 L/s
F326 VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS Kitchen, Living Room, Dining Room
3 rooms @ 5.0 L/s: 15.0 L/s
Utility Room
1 rooms @ 5.0 L/s: 5.0 L/s
Bedroom
1 rooms @ 10.0 L/s: 10.0 L/s
Bedroom
3 rooms @ 5.0 L/s: 15.0 L/s
Bathroom
3 rooms @ 5.0 L/s: 15.0 L/s
Other
1 rooms @ 5.0 L/s: 5.0 L/s
Basement Rooms
: 0.0 L/s
CENTRAL VENTILATION SYSTEM System Type: Manufacturer: Model Number:
APPENDIX D
52
Fans w/o HR
Fan and Preheater Power at : Fan and Preheater Power at : Preheater Capacity: Sensible Heat Recovery Efficiency at Sensible Heat Recovery Efficiency at Total Heat Recovery Efficency in Cooling Mode
Watts Watts Watts % % %
Low Temperature Ventilation Reduction: Low Temperature Ventilation Reduction: Airflow Adjustment
% (%)
Vented combustion appliance depressurization limit: 5.00 Pa. Ventilation Supply Duct Location: Main floor
Type:
Flexible
Hot 2000TM Analysis Length: Insulation:
1.5 m 0.7 RSI
Ventilation Exhaust Duct Location: Main floor Length: 1.5 m Insulation: 0.7 RSI
Diameter: 152.4 mm Sealing Characteristics: Sealed
Type: Flexible Diameter: 152.4 mm Sealing Characteristics: Sealed
SECONDARY FANS & OTHER EXHAUST APPLIANCES
Dryer
Control
Supply (L/s)
Exhaust (L/s)
Continuous
-
1.20
Dryer is vented outdoors
AIR LEAKAGE AND VENTILATION SUMMARY F326 Required continous ventilation:
65.000 L/s (0.41 ACH)
Central Ventilation Rate (Balanced):
50.000 L/s (0.32 ACH)
Total house ventilation is Balanced 40600.387 MJ 0.000 % 3458.188 MJ 483.812 MJ 42048.449 MJ
APPENDIX D
Gross Air Leakage and Ventilation Energy Load: Seasonal Heat Recovery Ventilator Efficiency: Estimated Ventilation Electrical Load: Heating Hours: Estimated Ventilation Electrical Load: NonHeating Hours: Net Air Leakage and Ventilation Load:
53
Hot 2000TM Analysis SPACE HEATING SYSTEM Primary Heating Fuel: Equipment: Manufacturer: Model:
Natural Gas Induced draft fan furnace/boiler Wizard SPH man
Calculated* Output Capacity: 15.00 kW * Design Heat loss X 1.10 + 0.5 kW Steady State Efficiency:
90.00 %
Fan Mode: Low Speed Fan Power: High Speed Fan Power:
Auto 0 watts 291 watts
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM System Type: Manufacturer: Model: Capacity: Sensible Heat Ratio: Indoor Fan Flow Rate:
Conventional A/C Wizard A/C man Wizard A/C mod 7645 Watts 0.76 426.15 L/s
Ventilator Flow Rate:
0.00 L/s
Fraction of windows Openable Economizer control:
Rated COP
3.0
Fan Power (watts) Crankcase Heater Power (watts):
330.26 60.00
0.00 Indoor Fan Operation: Auto
N/A
Air Conditioner is integrated with the Heating System
DOMESTIC WATER HEATING SYSTEM Primary Water Heating Fuel: Water Heating Equipment:
Natural gas Conventional tank
Energy Factor:
0.55
Manufactuer: Model:
Wizard DHW man Wizard DHW mod
Tank Capacity =
151.40 Litres
Tank Loacation: Pilot Energy =
Basement 0.00 MJ/day
Tank Blanket Insulation
Flue Diameter 76.20 mm
ANNUAL SPACE HEATING SUMMARY
APPENDIX D
54
0.00 RSI
Design Heat Loss at -20.00 째C (23.88 Watts / m3): Gross Space Heat Loss:
13528.42 Watts 126462.70 MJ
Gross Space Heating Load: Usable Internal Gains: Usable Internal Gains Fraction: Usable Solar Gains:
124476.43 MJ 28335.92 MJ 22.41 % 20232.47 MJ
Hot 2000TM Analysis Usable Solar Gains Fraction: Auxilary Energy Required:
16.00 % 75908.03 MJ
Space Heating System Load: Furnace/Boiler Seasonal efficiency: Furnace/Boiler Annual Energy Consumption:
75907.98 MJ 90.17 % 82737.11 MJ
ANNUAL SPACE COOLING SUMMARY Design Cooling Load for July at 31.00 째C: Design Sensible Heat Ratio: Estimated Annual Space Cooling Energy: Seasonal COP ( June to August):
8165.24 Watts 0.77 1574.13 2.56
ANNUAL DOMESTIC WATER HEATING SUMMARY Daily Hot Water Consumption: Hot Water Temperature: Estimated Domestic Water Heating Load:
225.00 Litres 55.00 째C 15340.72 MJ
Primary Domestic Water Heating Energy Consumption: Primary System Seasonal Efficiency:
27580.68 MJ 55.62%
BASE LOADS SUMMARY Interior Lighting Appliances Other Exterior Use
kwh/day 3.40 9.00 7.60 4.00
Annual kWh 1241.00 3285.00 2774.00 1460.00
HVAC Fans HRV/Exhaust Space Heating Space Cooling
3.00 1.10 0.52
1095.00 401.27 188.02
Total Average Electrical Load
28.61
10444.30
Hours
HRV/Exhaust Fans
Space Heating
Space Cooling
Heating Neither Cooling
960.61 0.00 134.39
401.27 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 188.02
Total
1095.00
401.27
188.02
APPENDIX D
FAN OPERATION SUMMARY (kWh)
55
Hot 2000TM Analysis ENERGY CONSUMPTION SUMMARY REPORT
Estimated Annual Space Heating Energy Consumption Ventilator Electrical Consumption: Heating Hours Estimated Annual DHW Heating Energy Consumption
= 84181.70 MJ = 3458.19 MJ = 27580.68 MJ
= 23383.81 kWh = 960.61 kWh = 7661.30 kWh
ESTIMATED ANNUAL SPACE + DHW ENERGY CONSUMPTION
= 115220.56 MJ
= 32005.71 kWh
Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions
11.89 tonnes/year
ESTIMATED ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION SUMMARY Space Heating
Fuel
Space Cooling
DHW Heating
Appliance
Total
Natural Gas (m3)
2220.59
0.00
740.24
0.00
2960.83
Electricity (kWh)
1361.88
1574.13
0.00
8760.00
11696.01
ESTIMATED ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION COSTS Fuel Costs Library = Embedded
APPENDIX D
56
RATE
Electricity (Ottawa97)
Natural Gas (Ottawa97)
Oil (Ottawa97)
Propane (Ottawa97)
Wood (Sth Ont)
Total
$
1030.16
739.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
1770.03
Hot 2000TM Analysis MONTHLY ENERGY PROFILE Month
Energy Load (MJ)
Internal Gains (MJ)
Solar Gains (MJ)
Aux. Energy (MJ)
HRV Eff. %
Jan
22112.486
2873.512
2313.521
16925.453
0.000
Feb
19118.117
2595.260
2730.488
13792.369
0.000
Mar
17025.535
2886.218
3338.601
10800.716
0.000
Apr
11142.221
2811.868
2709.118
5621.235
0.000
May
6161.432
2923.918
1971.486
1266.028
0.000
Jun
2594.188
2291.785
292.643
9.759
0.000
Jul
28.401
28.401
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aug
487.799
486.406
1.359
0.033
0.000
Sep
4073.263
2791.552
1079.203
202.508
0.000
Oct
9086.356
2938.613
2266.128
3881.616
0.000
Nov
13533.651
2819.219
1667.775
9046.657
0.000
Dec
19112.978
2889.168
1862.150
14361.659
0.000
Ann
124476.422
28335.918
20232.473
75908.031
0.000
FOUNDATION ENERGY PROFILE
Month
Heat Loss (MJ) Basement
Crawl Space
Slab
Walkout
Total
Jan
0.000
0.000
1965.058
0.000
1965.058
Feb
0.000
0.000
1601.025
0.000
1601.025
Mar
0.000
0.000
1253.710
0.000
1253.710
Apr
0.000
0.000
652.478
0.000
652.478
May
0.000
0.000
146.927
0.000
146.927
Jun
0.000
0.000
1.130
0.000
1.130
Jul
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aug
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Sep
0.000
0.000
23.489
0.000
23.489
Oct
0.000
0.000
450.537
0.000
450.537
Nov
0.000
0.000
1050.118
0.000
1050.118
Dec
0.000
0.000
1667.100
0.000
1667.100
Ann
0.000
0.000
8811.573
0.000
8811.573
FOUNDATION TEMPERATURES & VENTILATION PROFILE Temperature (Deg 째C) Crawl Space Basement Walkout
Air Change Rate Natural Total
Heat Loss (MJ
Jan
0.000
20.058
0.000
0.247
0.572
7608.594
Feb
0.000
19.665
0.000
0.237
0.562
6512.010
Mar
0.000
19.376
0.000
0.212
0.538
5623.120
Apr
0.000
19.454
0.000
0.175
0.500
3463.134
May
0.000
20.008
0.000
0.121
0.447
1736.261
Jun
0.000
21.321
0.000
0.087
0.413
601.523
Jul
0.000
22.669
0.000
0.070
0.396
98.683
APPENDIX D
Month
57
Hot 2000TM Analysis Aug
0.000
22.543
0.000
0.067
0.393
255.277
Sep
0.000
21.391
0.000
0.097
0.422
1090.560
Oct
0.000
20.767
0.000
0.142
0.467
2716.968
Nov
0.000
20.601
0.000
0.185
0.511
4258.463
Dec
0.000
20.358
0.000
0.221
0.546
6354.763
Ann
0.000
20.693
0.000
0.155
0.480
40319.359
SPACE HEATING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE Month
Space Heating Load (MJ)
Furnace Input (MJ)
Pilot Light (MJ)
Indoor Fans (MJ)
Heat Pump Total Input Input (MJ) (MJ)
System Cop
Jan
16925.452
18448.163
0.000
322.105
0.000
18770.268
0.902
Feb
13792.370
15033.215
0.000
262.480
0.000
15295.695
0.902
Mar
10800.717
11772.413
0.000
205.546
0.000
11977.959
0.902
Apr
5621.235
6126.955
0.000
106.977
0.000
6233.931
0.902
May
1266.028
1379.927
0.000
24.094
0.000
1404.021
0.902
Jun
9.748
10.625
0.000
0.186
0.000
10.810
0.902
Jul
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Aug
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Sep
202.508
220.727
0.000
3.854
0.000
224.580
0.902
Oct
3881.616
4230.829
0.000
73.870
0.000
4304.699
0.902
Nov
9046.658
9860.547
0.000
172.165
0.000
10032.713
0.902
Dec
14361.656
15653.714
0.000
273.314
0.000
15927.027
0.902
Ann
75907.992
82737.109
0.000
1444.590
0.000
84181.703
0.902
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE Month
APPENDIX D
58
Sensible
Latent
AirCond
Fan
Ventilator
Total
COP
Av.RH
Jan
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Feb
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Mar
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Apr
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
May
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Jun
2797.4
435.2
300.9
167.6
0.0
360.3
2.5
40.7
Jul
4543.2
958.1
509.0
278.6
0.0
590.6
2.6
43.6
Aug
3667.4
857.2
418.9
230.7
0.0
488.8
2.6
44.5 0.0
Sep
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Oct
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Nov
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dec
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Ann
11008.0
2250.5
1228.8
676.9
0.0
1439.7
2.6
43.1
MONTHLY ESTIMATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY DEVICE (MJ)
Hot 2000TM Analysis Month
Space Heating Primary Secondary
DHW Heating Primary Secondary
Lights & Appliances
HRV & FANS
Air Conditioner
Jan
18448.2
0.0
2549.9
0.0
2678.4
656.9
0.0
Feb
15033.2
0.0
2339.2
0.0
2419.2
564.9
0.0
Mar
11772.4
0.0
2565.8
0.0
2678.4
540.3
0.0
Apr
6127.0
0.0
2400.2
0.0
2592.0
431.0
0.0
May
1379.9
0.0
2353.2
0.0
2678.4
358.9
0.0
Jun
10.6
0.0
2137.5
0.0
2592.0
491.7
1129.5
Jul
0.0
0.0
2132.5
0.0
2678.4
613.4
1847.7
Aug
0.0
0.0
2101.9
0.0
2678.4
565.5
1529.0
Sep
220.7
0.0
2055.0
0.0
2592.0
327.9
0.0
Oct
4230.8
0.0
2221.6
0.0
2678.4
408.7
0.0
Nov
9860.5
0.0
2264.3
0.0
2592.0
496.2
0.0
Dec
15653.7
0.0
2459.7
0.0
2678.4
608.1
0.0
Ann
82737.1
0.0
27580.7
0.0
31536.0
6063.5
4506.2
ESTIMATED FUEL COSTS (Dollars) Electricity
Natural Gas
Oil
Propane
Wood
Total
Jan
Month
82.46
129.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
211.90
Feb
75.61
108.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
184.30
Mar
80.19
91.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
171.50
Apr
76.37
58.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
134.42
May
76.65
30.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
106.99
Jun
99.58
20.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
120.56
Jul
117.65
20.89
0.00
0.00
0.00
138.53
Aug
110.50
20.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
131.20
Sep
74.36
21.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
96.10
Oct
77.62
46.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
123.79
Nov
77.64
78.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
156.29
Dec
81.51
112.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
194.44
Ann
1030.16
739.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
1770.03
APPENDIX D
The calculated heat losses and energy consumptions are only estimates, based upon the data entered and assumptions within the program. Actual energy consumption and heat losses will be influenced by construction practices, localized weather, equipment characteristics and the lifestyle of the occupants.
59
Daily Data Report Daily Data Report for December 2008
D a y 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Max Min Mean Heat Cool Total Total Total Snow Dir Temp Temp Temp Deg Deg Rain Snow Precip on of °C °C °C mm Grnd Max Days Days mm cm °C °C cm Gust 10's Deg 3.4 -0.9 1.3 16.7 0.0 3.2 0.4 3.6 0 21 0.6 -1.6 -0.5 18.5 0.0 0.0 T T T 26 6.4 -1.0 2.7 15.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0 20 4.8 -4.3 0.3 17.7 0.0 1.0 T 1.0 0 27 -2.2 -8.0 -5.1 23.1 0.0 0.0 T T 0 26 -1.7 -6.6 -4.2 22.2 0.0 0.0 2.2 1.8 T 19 -2.1 -12.7 -7.4 25.4 0.0 0.0 T T 2 30 -2.6 -11.2 -6.9 24.9 0.0 0.0 3.4 1.4 2 3.7 -3.4 0.2 17.8 0.0 6.4 6.0 12.4 6 2.6 -9.6 -3.5 21.5 0.0 3.6 0.4 4.2 1 34 -1.8 -10.1 -6.0 24.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 -1.4 -11.9 -6.7 24.7 0.0 0.0 T T 1 29 1.1 -12.9 -5.9 23.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 1 20 5.1 0.6 2.9 15.1 0.0 1.0 T 1.0 1 22 10.6 -7.3 1.7 16.3 0.0 3.8 T 3.8 0 24 -3.3 -7.6 -5.5 23.5 0.0 0.0 4.4 4.0 T -0.1 -5.8 -3.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 4.6 8 28 -2.2 -8.4 -5.3 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 26 -4.2 -14.5 -9.4 27.4 0.0 0.0 16.0 15.2 7 3 -10.4 -17.7 -14.1 32.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 22 7 -3.6 -13.7 -8.7 26.7 0.0 0.0 5.4 5.4 24 25 -7.1 -13.5 -10.3 28.3 0.0 0.0 T T 24 30 -1.4 -11.7 -6.6 24.6 0.0 0.0 11.0 11.6 23 18 6.1 -1.5 2.3 15.7 0.0 10.8 1.8 12.6 36 27 1.2 -4.6 -1.7 19.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 31 28 2.5 -4.9 -1.2 19.2 0.0 T 2.2 1.8 30 14.2 1.4 7.8 10.2 0.0 9.0 0.0 9.0 22 20 15.9 0.1 8.0 10.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 2 25 5.1 -2.2 1.5 16.5 0.0 T T T T 30 -0.5 -5.9 -3.2 21.2 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.4 T 29 -5.8 -14.3 -10.1 28.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.2 5 31
654.6
Sum Avg Xtrm
APPENDIX E
60
1.1 -7.3 -3.1 15.9 -17.7
0.0 40.0 64.8
Spd of Max Gust km/h 46 44 44 56 52 37 63 <31 <31 44 <31 41 39 37 74 <31 39 33 57 32 69 59 35 93 74 <31 39 93 85 72 57
99.8 27S
93S
http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.htm
Daily Data Report Daily Data Report for January 2009
y 01† 02† 03† 04† 05† 06† 07† 08† 09† 10† 11† 12† 13† 14† 15† 16† 17† 18† 19† 20† 21† 22† 23† 24† 25† 26† 27† 28† 29† 30† 31†
830.2
Sum Avg Xtrm
-4.5 -13 -8.75 3.6 -22.1
0.0
1.0 45.2
Spd of Max Gust km/h <31 48 35 <31 44 33 46 48 <31 39 33 35 65 <31 33 50 37 33 <31 44 41 <31 63 46 37 33 33 35 35 48 37
44.8 31
65
http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.htm
APPENDIX E
D a
Max Min Mean Heat Cool Total Total Total Snow Dir Temp Temp Temp Deg Deg Rain Snow Precip on of °C °C °C mm Grnd Max Days Days mm cm °C °C cm Gust 10's Deg -3.8 -15.6 -9.7 27.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.7 -4.7 -2.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.6 2 28 -1.9 -11.8 -6.9 24.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 28 -0.7 -12.2 -6.5 24.5 0.0 T 0.0 T 2 0.6 -7.7 -3.6 21.6 0.0 T 0.0 T 1 27 -0.6 -10.0 -5.3 23.3 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.4 1 11 0.7 -2.8 -1.1 19.1 0.0 1.0 7.0 10.0 5 25 -2.8 -12.0 -7.4 25.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 11 30 -6.0 -12.2 -9.1 27.1 0.0 0.0 T T 11 -6.8 -14.9 -10.9 28.9 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.4 11 1 -6.3 -12.8 -9.6 27.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 14 36 -3.5 -10.6 -7.1 25.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 27 1.1 -16.9 -7.9 25.9 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.6 15 31 -13.1 -22.1 -17.6 35.6 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 18 -10.8 -19.3 -15.1 33.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 18 26 -12.7 -18.0 -15.4 33.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 26 -6.9 -20.0 -13.5 31.5 0.0 0.0 4.8 4.0 18 14 -3.0 -8.6 -5.8 23.8 0.0 0.0 3.8 2.8 21 14 -5.6 -11.6 -8.6 26.6 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 24 -10.2 -17.5 -13.9 31.9 0.0 0.0 T T 24 36 -5.5 -19.0 -12.3 30.3 0.0 0.0 T T 24 27 -1.9 -6.0 -4.0 22.0 0.0 0.0 T T 24 3.6 -6.8 -1.6 19.6 0.0 0.0 T T 24 30 -6.7 -19.2 -13.0 31.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 31 -8.9 -15.6 -12.3 30.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 25 -8.8 -16.9 -12.9 30.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 26 -4.0 -13.8 -8.9 26.9 0.0 0.0 T T 21 11 -3.4 -8.2 -5.8 23.8 0.0 0.0 13.4 12.6 23 27 -3.1 -10.2 -6.7 24.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 32 22 -3.2 -10.8 -7.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 T T 32 27 -4.7 -16.7 -10.7 28.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 32 23
61
Daily Data Report Daily Data Report for February 2009 D a y 01† 02† 03† 04† 05† 06† 07† 08† 09† 10† 11† 12† 13† 14† 15† 16† 17† 18† 19† 20† 21† 22† 23† 24† 25† 26† 27† 28†
Max Min Mean Heat Cool Total Total Total Snow Dir Temp Temp Temp Deg Deg Rain Snow Precip on of °C °C °C mm Grnd Max Days Days mm cm °C °C cm Gust 10's Deg 4.4 -4.8 -0.2 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32 26 2.0 -7.9 -3.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28 -3.8 -10.5 -7.2 25.2 0.0 0.0 7.4 6.2 27 8 -10.2 -18.0 -14.1 32.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.0 35 35 -9.0 -22.2 -15.6 33.6 0.0 0.0 T T 35 -2.0 -11.8 -6.9 24.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 7.9 -8.3 -0.2 18.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32 24 4.0 -4.8 -0.4 18.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 30 3.2 -6.2 -1.5 19.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 9.3 -0.1 4.6 13.4 0.0 T 0.0 T 3 22 8.9 6.5 7.7 10.3 0.0 25.8 0.0 25.8 1 7.8 -2.1 2.9 15.1 0.0 11.8 T 11.8 T 29 -0.9 -7.4 -4.2 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 35 -1.8 -8.2 -5.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 1.3 -8.9 -3.8 21.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 0.7 -7.5 -3.4 21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 2.2 -6.8 -2.3 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 22 1.0 -0.8 0.1 17.9 0.0 0.0 9.0 12.4 T 1.3 -7.9 -3.3 21.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 3 27 -2.6 -8.8 -5.7 23.7 0.0 0.0 T T 3 29 -0.5 -11.2 -5.9 23.9 0.0 0.0 4.6 3.6 2 12 -2.0 -8.3 -5.2 23.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 T 5 25 -6.0 -11.4 -8.7 26.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 34 -3.2 -15.1 -9.2 27.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 2.8 -6.9 -2.1 20.1 0.0 0.8 2.2 2.8 3 6.5 -0.5 3.0 15.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 3.8 1 9.4 -12.0 -1.3 19.3 0.0 5.8 T 5.8 T 35 -6.5 -16.4 -11.5 29.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 36
606.4
Sum Avg Xtrm
APPENDIX E
62
0.9 -8.2 -3.64 9.4 -22.2
0.0 48.0 25.6
Spd of Max Gust km/h 52 <31 37 35 <31 <31 70 57 <31 35 <31 85 32 <31 <31 <31 32 <31 59 70 37 54 59 <31 <31 <31 59 35
73.6 29
85
http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.h
References ASHARE. (2001). ASHARE Handbook. ASHARE. (2001). ASHARE HANDBOOK. W. Stephen Comstock. Canada, E. (2008, 10 09). Daily Observation Data. Retrieved March 13, 2009, from National Climate Data and Information Archive: http://www.climate.weatheroffice. ec.gc.ca/climateData Hutcheon, N. B. (1995). Building Science for aCold Climate. Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada. Minnesota, U. o. (1998-2008). The Efficient Windows Collaborative. Retrieved March 11, 2009, from Efficient Windows: http://www.efficientwindows.org/city_all. cfm?new=E&prodtype=WN&id=48 Smith, D. L. (n.d.). International Window Film Association. Retrieved March 12, 2009, from International Window Film Association: http://www.iwfa.com/iwfa/consumer_ info/qa.html
REFERENCES
Wells., B. A. (July 1996). Passive Solar Energy -- The Homeowner’s Guide to Natural Heating and Cooling”. Brickhouse Pub. Co.; 2nd edition.
63