Volume 2
capstone
vol.
tooth talk:
02
open for all -01
Volume 2
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Volume 2
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
01.
BACKGROUND
pg. 04
02.
NEW INSIGHTS
pg. 10
03.
I D E AT I O N S
pg. 19
04.
DESIGN
pg. 34
05.
REFERENCES
pg. 70
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BACKGROUND
I’m sure we’ve all seen a homeless person, helped a homeless person, or maybe even know someone struggling with homelessness. It’s an epidemic that started in 1870’s and is still an issue.
One day, a friend of mine mentioned, “Imagine how it feels like to be homeless. Being rejected and ignored by society every single day. Some people even avoid eye contact with them.”
Those words really struck me because, as much as I hate it, it rang true to me, and I'm guilty of it.
I can’t begin to imagine what homeless people may feel, going through life hoping that a good Samaritan would come along to offer some help. It’s hard to get out of a difficult condition especially when your self-esteem is already so low due to external and internal factors.
After doing some research on health impacts on homelessness, I found out that people struggling with homelessness are 12 times more likely to have missing teeth, and some even suffer from complete Edentulism, which is a loss of all teeth. By focusing on accessibility of dental care for the homeless population, I am hoping to make an impact in an individual’s self esteem and confidence. Because when you are less confident, you are less likely to want to achieve things.
“ S HAM E I S CO M MO N AM O NG T HE M ILLIONS OF AM ERICANS WHO L ACK D ENTAL CAR E. M O R E T HAN ONE OUT OF T HREE L OW- INCOM E AD UL T S AVO I D S MI L I NG, ACCO R D ING TO A HARRIS P OL L COND UCT ED ON B EHAL F O F T H E AM ER I CA N D ENTAL AS S OCIAT ION IN 20 1 5. ” 1 …p.s tooth pain sucks.
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R AT I O N A L E O F P R OJ E C T The aim of the project is to positively impact a homeless individual's life. By focusing on dental care I am hoping that they will be able to regain confidence and self esteem to have a healthier and happier outlook on life.
Health care is a design typology that I haven't had exposure in, and this is a great learning opportunity for me to get a better understanding and knowledge of this topic.
SCOPE OF PROJECT studies on homelessness and its health impacts studies on health impacts on homelessness
Studies on how teeth and self esteem is related Trends in health care
SIGNIFICANCE WHO WILL BENEFIT? Homelessness affects all of us. It is a community issues that breaks down the community itself. Isolation, fear, and shame are feelings that accompanies homelessness.4
W H AT A R E T H E B E N E F I T S ? •
Greater understanding of health impacts on homelessness
•
Dental care accessibility for the homeless
W H Y I S I T R E L E VA N T ? •
It is twelve times more likely for a homeless person to have dental problems.
•
If left untreated it may cause an even bigger health problem which will cost more
to treat than to prevent
•
Dental care accessibility for the homeless is lacking
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HOMELESSNESS AFFECTS ALL OF US. IT IS A CO M M U N I T Y I S S U E S T H AT B R E A K S DOW N THE
CO M M U N I T Y
I T S E L F.
I S O L AT I O N ,
F E A R , A N D S H A M E A R E F E E L I N G S T H AT ACCO M PA N I E S H O M E L E S S N E S S . 4
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WHO ARE HOMELESS?
7,197
on the shelter or in a shelter
64%
36%
76%
24%
male
female
adult
children
. . . I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S
... IN OHIO
According to the 2017 Annual Homeless Assessment
There are 10,095 homeless individual on a single night
Report, there are 553, 742 people who are homeless in
in Ohio, according to the Annual Homeless Assessment
the United States. For every 10,000 people in the country,
Report made by the United States Department of
17 were experiencing homelessness. For the first time in
Housing and Urban Development, also known as HUD.
seven years, there has been an increase in the homeless
This is a decline of 3 percent from 2016.3 Ohio’s rate of
population, and there are more individuals living in
unshelthered individuals unfortunately have increased by
unsheltered locations.2
13 percent since 2016, due to lack of affordable housing
1
and shelters. While the number of families with children experiencing homelessness has decreased by five percent, there is
According to Michelle Heritage, the executive of
an increase in the number of veterans experiencing
Community Shelter Board in Columbus, OH, they
homelessness. This change was a first since 2010.
have been seeing families, men, and women staying
2
in shelters longer than previous years. There is less opportunity for rehousing and stabilizing because of the lack of affordable housing. That being said, there are many homeless people who are working.3
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PROBLEM
90% had a problem with their mouth
63% are self-conscious about their teeth
70%
89%
had lost teeth since becoming homeless
agreed deantists are there to help
Among other conditions such as chronic pain, substance
oral health problems because of rough living conditions,
abuse, heart disease, and other disabling physical
with no access to restrooms or bathrooms, as well as
conditions, people struggling with homelessness are 12
dental clinics.8
times more likely to have more severely decayed and missing teeth than the general population.5 This includes the low income earners living in low income housing. Homeless adults suffer more severe conditions, such as periodontal disease and edentulism, which is a complete loss of teeth.5 "ORAL HEAL T H HAS A S IGNIFICA NT According to an article called Dental Health of Homeless
IM PACT ON [ A HOM EL ES S P ERS O N'S]
Adults by Gelberg L, Linn LS, Rosenberg DJ, individuals
AB IL IT Y TO LIVE T HEIR LIFE, DAM AG ING
with more tooth decay and missing teeth were more
S OCIAL INT ERACT ION AND I N A N
likely to be older in age, have physical health problems,
AL ARM ING NUM B ER OF CASE S
smoke more cigarettes, consume more alcohol, and
P REVENT ING AN IND IVID UAL ’ S ABILITY TO P HYS ICALLY FUNCT IO N."
have poor personal hygiene.6 Unsheltered homeless individuals have a higher risk of
7
Healthy Mouths Report by Groundswell
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PROBLEMS 1. Homeless people suffer from low self esteem due to unemployment, poor living conditions, physical and mental health issues. 2. Low self esteem may lead to mental health, such as anxiety and depression, which will make it even harder for homeless individual to get out of homelessness. SOLUTIONS 1 . There are many solutions that helps deal with physical and mental health. One of them is through dental care. 2. Providing dental care that reaches out to the homeless population as well as the community within the area, to not ‘segregate’ use of space and to lessen the US vs. THEM mentality.
OUTCOMES 1. By proposing a mobile dental clinic alongside a fixed location allows the opportunity to reach out to the ones who are not in the vicinity of the fixed location. Interiors are to be designed to lessen the phobia of going to the dentist. “62% of adults surveyed said that they were too spooked to even visit a dentist’s office.”29 2. It is aimed for the homeless, but open to the community in hopes to lessen the US VS THEM mentality.
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NEW INSIGHTS
Befo r e des c ri b i n g h ow t h e s e vari ous prog ra ms bring g e ne ra l a nd me nt a l he a lt h ca r e to th e h o m el e s s , we m u s t ad d re s s t wo ma jor issu e s: ( 1 ) What m a ke s se r v i n g t h e h o m e l e s s more dif ficult compa re d to th e ge n e ra l popu lation ( 2) Bas ed up o n k n ow n l i te ra t u r e a nd s ite vis its , wh a t e le me n ts e n h a n ce a progra m s ability to p r ov i d e s u c h se r v i ce s to th is popula tion ?
DAILY ACTIVITIES
Some homeless people live under circumstances that pose particular problems for developing a treatment plan. For many, maintaining their medicinal needs while living on the street can be next to impossible—forcing many to abandon traditional treatment and resort to self-medicating through alcohol and other means, leaving them susceptible to the dangers of living unprotected in an urban community.
MULTIPLICITY OF NEEDS
In addition to physical and mental health problems and difficulties with such this as housing and income maintenance, homeless people often also suffer from drug or alcohol abuse. Any health care program for homeless adults should expect that 25 to 40 percent of patients will suffer from serious alcohol or drug abuse problems.
D I S A F F I L I AT I O N
Although some homeless people manage to establish individual support networks outside a family structure, most are left in relative isolation—resulting in a limited capacity to establish supportive relationships with others. This can stifle opportunities for development of cooperation with health care providers and may be an important factor in explaining what is often inaccurately described as a “lack of motivation.”
DISTRUST
In addition to their to authority, many homeless people are disenchanted with health care providers. Bad experiences with medications, hospitals, doctors and other human service professionals can foster hostility towards the system as a whole—something that must be addressed when considering the future care of these individuals.
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NEW INSIGHTS
The Ins titute of Me d i c i n e ( U S ) Co mmitte e on He a lth Ca re for Home le s s P e ople found that fou r co m m o n e l e m e n t s e n h a n ce d a progra m’s a b ility to provide s e r vice s to thi s popu lation :
C O M M U N I C AT I O N
Communication: People and agencies involved in the effort to address the health care problems of the homeless population maintain regular and frequent lines of social interaction.
C OO R D I N AT I O N
Coordination: Even if only in a most rudimentary form, there is some way in which clients can be linked with a wide range of existing services (i.e., health and mental health care, housing, social services, entitlements, etc.) by providers, rather than being forced to seek services without assistance.
TA R G E T E D
Targeted: Programs are aggressive in seeking the homeless, rather than passive in waiting for them to appear. This may be reflected by locating a program in a skid row area. Other programs provide outreach and seek out homeless individuals on the streets.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RESOURCES
Internal and External Resources: These constitute the range of resources that a program requires to carry out its function adequately, no matter how limited that function might be. Internal resources include reasonable funding and paid employees, in addition to the utilization of volunteers and donated goods and facilities. External resources include both the network of essential services described above and the ability to access that network.
actively seeking the homeless population than passive in waiting for them to visit. May be implemented by locating them in areas where homeless populations are high, or outreach programs.
helping homeless people seek services with
maintain regular and frequent lines of social
assistance
interaction
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NEW INSIGHTS
BARRIERS TO CARE
PHYSICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
BARRIER
BARRIER
lack of access
distrust
mobile dental outreach
empathetic staff, improve patient-employee
financial cost
relationship,
public and private funding, volunteers
continuity of program and communication
dental anxiety
minimize environmental stressor, sight, smell, touch, taste, hearing
perception of need
raise awareness through outreach
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POSSIBLE DESIGN SOLUTIONS
Crowding is a stressor. It may be a
Streets are linear and perpendicular
result when an individual feels like
to each other. By having clear and
they don’t have control over certain
linear circulations in the space
interactions. By providing a certain
will provide a sense of “image
degree of choice in the room, such
congruity” that will help people
as having a coffee station, different
experiencing homelessness
types of seating as well as different
feel more comfortable in a built
areas of privacy may help alleviate
environment.
the sense of crowding. Clear sightlines with no barriers will increase a sense of safety. Open floor plan will give a sense of spatial availability, which mitigates a
Spaces that incorporates greenery
perceived sense of crowding.
has a tendency to reduce stress and promotes peace and tranquility.
Choosing light colored interiors will make a space feel larger and less crowded. This in combination
Studies have shown that color
with views to the outside will
affects mood and performance.
expand it even more.
Warm colors, such as red, and orange, may cause arousal, while cool colors, such as blue, and green, have a calming effect. By
Research has shown that placing
steering away from arousing
rooms on higher floors will reduce
colors, this helps reduce feelings of
the sense of over crowding as well.
crowdedness.
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H E L P I N G O N E P E R S O N M I G H T N OT C H A N G E T H E W O R L D , B U T I T CO U L D C H A N G E T H E W O R L D F O R O N E P E R S O N . UNKNOWN
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W H Y D E N TA L C A R E ? According to Mary Otto, author of Teeth: Beauty, Inequality, and the Struggle For Oral Health in America, people who who suffers from poor oral hygiene and lack of dental care experience shame. More than one out of three low-income adults avoid smiling. 30
Feelings of shame are closely linked with self-esteem issues, and it is likely that the more frequent people experience shame the more it negatively impacts one's self-esteem.31
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HOW M IG H T W E D ES I G N A D E N TA L C L I N I C T HAT A FFORDS I N C R E A S E D ACC E S S I B I L I T Y
AND
S OOT H E S A N X I E T Y
WHI LE
SI M U LTA N E OU SLY
FOSTERING A SENSE OF WORTH AND RESPECT AMONG HOMELESS PAT I E N T S SE E KI N G DE N TA L CA RE ?
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I D E AT I O N S no01. B I O P H I L I C D E S I G N no02.
H O U S E P I TA L I T Y
n 03.
S I G H T L I N E | S PAT I A L CO N T I N U I T Y
n 04
SENSORY ADAPTED EXPERIENCE
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I D E AT I O N S
BIOPHILIC DESIGN
Creating connection to nature whether they are directly from nature or interpretations of it h ave been proven to aid with the healing process within the health care patients. VIEWS TO NATURE
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DAYLIGHTING
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I D E AT I O N S
THE POWER OF PLANT DESIGN Biophilia is the innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life according to Edward O. Wilson, a biologist and Harvard University Professor. Incorporating basic human needs that are embedded in our genetic code will be incredibly beneficial in the design of health care facilities.
Every demographics benefit from biophilic design, but research supports that healthcare patients experience significant added benefits compared to other user demographics.
REASONING Stress is a major determining factor of healing rates. For people who chose to live on the streets, being indoor may be an added stressor. Promoting connectedness to nature while being indoors might help reduce stress which will hopefully increase comfortability.
A P P L I C AT I O N This can be done through providing views to the outdoors, ample daylighting, and incorporating greenery in the space.
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I D E AT I O N S
IDEAL PLANTS FOR THE SHADE:
LADY FERNS
Ferns—Lady ferns, especially—are ideal to grow in total darkness. This hardy shade plant starts with a light green shade which darkens as it matures.
PULMONARIA
Pulmonaria is known as one of the easiest low-light perennial plant for shade. They grow to 6 - 12 inches and blooms in blues, pinks and whites.
HYDRANGEA
Though it doesn’t flower, shade-loving caladium will treat you to robust foliage color all summer long. With varieties ranging from white, to dark reds, and brilliantly variegated, this bulb will not disappoint.
DOGWOOD
Many dogwood species don’t need sun and can tolerate full shade conditions. Cornus florida is a great species to bring in a reddishpurple color in fall and white flowers in spring.
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idea no02
H O U S E P I TA L I T Y H O U S E . H O S P I TA L . H O S P I TA L I T Y
Creating a more friendly and less institutional spaces has been a trend in the health care industry.
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I D E AT I O N S
DE-INSTITUTIONALIZING HEALTH CARE DESIGN Health care facilities are often associated with white interiors, stainless steel, and glass partitions, which makes the space feel cold, sterile, and institutional.
A post-occupancy study at the newly renovated Swedish Medical Center-Ballard’s Behavioral Health Unit in Seattle shows that the use of engaging colors, and textures causes a positive patient experience.3
A Warm Clinic, located in Tianjin, China, designed by RIGI aims to create a warm and welcoming space for patients, turning what could have been a cold medical space into a lively and comfortable environment. They hope to bring a sense of home through design.4
REASONING Having been out in the streets with minimal contact to an indoor built environment may cause discomfort and induce stress and anxiety for some patients. Therefore creating a sense of “image congruity” by using materials that can be found in an urban setting is crucial to provide a sense of familiarity in a built environment.
A P P L I C AT I O N Using concrete floor and wood interiors bring in the urban feel by tying the look to asphalt roads and construction work that is happening in the area. Circulations that mimics the lengthy streets with perpendicular lanes will also heighten the relatability.
safety glass
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concrete
pine plywood
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idea no03
SIGHTLINE S PAT I A L CO N T I N U I T Y
UNOBSTRUCTED SIGHTLINE
Sight lines creates the first impression of a space. It plays a huge role in helping users determine how to move around and navigate throughout the space. Increased visibility in space promotes a safe environment for people experiencing homelessness by exposing the unknowns.
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C R E AT I N G A F O C U S I N S PA C E Sightline is another term used to talk about perspective in space. It creates a focus in space and used to describe what views are visible from any given point in a room. Spaces that are designed around the idea of sightlines aims to give an ideal visual experience; a straight-on, unobstructed sight line.
Obscured and irregular views often creates an unsettling experience while rooms with clean sight lines are perceived as calming and therefore more aesthetically pleasing.
Opening up views from one space to another enhances the feeling of openness and flow. By extending the interior view towards the outdoors will extend the experience even further. An open-plan layout naturally creates a more open sightline. This increases spatial awareness for its users and opens up lines of communication.
REASONING Spatial awareness in space minimizes the unknown, which promotes a sense of safety. Open-plan spaces allow users to clearly see where activities are happening, enabling users to easily navigate and avoid spaces that users find uncomfortable.
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idea no03
CO N T.
A P P L I C AT I O N *clear circulation routes *exposing certain rooms to create clear sightlines in hopes of reducing fear of the unknown *contrast in color or materiality to clearly distinguish between different rooms without it being overstimulating
EXPOSING HIDDEN SPACES Poche are spaces that we do not see. It’s the in between or interstitial spaces. Often, we look at architecture by the parts of the building that we see, but there is more to a structure than just the visible elements.
Alleyways can be seen as an example of poche in a city. By ‘exposing’ the hidden we may increase visibility and safety of a space.
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I D E AT I O N S
DIAGRAM major point of entry
FL G
FL 1
sightline shared spaces
PANTRY
PANTRY
W/C
back of house
RECEPTION
RECEPTION
collaboration areas OFFICE
OFFICE W/C
private/ semi private areas OFFICE
OFFICE
OFFICE
CLEAN
REFRESHMENTS
REFRESHMENTS
CONS
CONSULTATION AREA
OFFICE
STOR
STERILIZATION DIRTY 6.2727
6.2727
WAITING AREA
WAITING AREA
DENTAL MECHANICALS
LOCKERS
LOCKERS
LAB
W/C
W/C
OP
OPERATORIES
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
LAUNDRY PICK UP/ DROP OFF
LAUNDRY PICK UP/ DROP OFF W/C
W/C
GARDEN W/C
W/C
SHOWER
SHOWER
DISPLAY
DISPLAY
CLEAN
CLEAN
SHOWER
SHOWER DIRTY
DIRTY DISPLAY
DISPLAY
601.0000
601.0000
601.0000
601.0000
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PRIVATE OPERATORY
PRIVATE OPERATORY
PRIVATE OPERATORY
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idea no04
SENSORY ADAPTED EXPERIENCE
When someone is asked about dental office they associate it to words like “sterile”, “hygienic” and “pristine”. We often think of white interiors, with a strong smell of cleaning solution, and the sound of drills.
Improving the experience
By adapting the sensory environment in the dental
of going to the dentist by
office through modifying sounds, tactile experiences,
focusing on the overall
and sights will help decrease anxiety and increased
sensory experiences.
cooperation.
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I D E AT I O N S
R E A S O N I N G & A P P L I C AT I O N Materiality are to be warm and welcoming, comfortable to touch, with dimmed lighting to create a peaceful environment. Odor sponges and air purifier can be used to reduce the clinical smell as well as adding soothing sounds of nature in the background.
Sensory bags may be provided which contains noise cancelling headphones and fidget tools. Weighted blankets was designed based off of the benefits from hugging and cuddling. It uses deep touch pressure which releases oxytocin, a neurotransmitter that helps people feel calm, relaxed and happy. It is also known to help alleviate anxiety, insomnia and other health conditions.
CHECK IN
WAITING
TREATMENT
CHECK OUT
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I D E AT I O N S
IDEAS COMBINED no01
BIOPHILIC
no02
SIGHTLINE
DESIGN Creating connection to nature
Sight line plays a huge role in
whether they are directly from
helping users determine how
nature or interpretations of it
to move around and navigate
have been proven to aid with
throughout the space.
the healing process within the health care patients.
Increased visibility in space promotes a safe environment for people experiencing homelessness by exposing the unknowns.
no03
H O U S E P I TA L I T Y
no04
SENSORY ADAPTED EXPERIENCE
Creating a more friendly and
Improving the experience
less institutional spaces has
of going to the dentist by
been a trend in the health care
focusing on the overall sensory
industry.
experiences.
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DESIGN no01. C O N C E P T no02.
SITE
no03.
S I T E & S PAT I A L P R OG R A M M I N G
n 04.
JOURNEY
n 05.
D E S I G N I M P L E M E N TAT I O N S
o o
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E L I M I N AT I N G B A R R I E R S I N CR E AS IN G A S E N SE OF DI G N I T Y WHI LE RE DU CI N G P H Y S I CA L A N D PSYCHOLOG I CA L BA RRI E RS B E T W EE N T HE PAT I E N T S A N D T HE SE RVI CE S
There is a lot of distrust between people experiencing homelessness and the system. Many are disenchanted with health and mental health care providers due to bad experiences with medications, hospitals, doctors, and other human service professionals.
Understanding their basic needs and concerns will help guide the design in order to create a space that dignifies. As safety is a big concern, eliminating physical barriers will heighten spatial awareness and increase transparency which allows unobstructed sightlines for the patients and their surrounding.
The design will be visually pleasing and efficient because a well designed and neat space is seen as more professional and believable. Simplicity will play a role in the aesthetics, as well as the circulation, as it’s been proven that visual complexity will reduce the attractiveness of the space for people experiencing homelessness.
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DESIGN
SITE
45 min walk 2.1 miles
20 min walk 1.1 miles
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DESIGN
1801 ELM STREET Cincinnati, OH 45202
This site is selected due to accessibility by public transportation and the proximity to office spaces
Located across Findlay Market, Ohio’s oldest
and residences. The stationary clinic is aimed for
surviving municipal market house. The building is
metro renters, therefore this location is perfect for
on the corner of Elm and West Elder Street allowing
that, and the mobile dental clinic can park around
plenty of sun into the building. The site is easily
the area or possibly inside the building. It is close
accessible by bus or tram.
to I-75 and I-71, which will make going around the city very accessible.
10 min bus ride from Fountain Square/ CBD
LIGHTHOUSE YOUTH & FAMILY SERVICE ESTHER MARIE HATTON CENTER FOR WOMEN THE CHRIST HOSPITAL
CITY GOSPEL MISSION OUR DAILY BREAD SOUP KITCHEN & SOCIAL CENTER OVER THE RHINE SOUP KITCHEN GREATER CINCINNATI COALITION FOR THE HOMELESS YMCA OF GREATER CINCINNATI
TENDER MERCIES BARRON CENTER
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DESIGN
SITE
ELM
ST
PROGRAMMING
FIND PA R
KING
LOT
DE W EL
R ST
T CEN A DJA I N G D L I BU
Corner location provides access to daylight which encourages connection to nature. Sightlines for the served/ facility areas are directed towards Elm Street and W Elder Street, therefore pushing the service areas towards the back of the building. Elm Street has a better street view therefore the primary served spaces are placed towards the front of the building and the secondary in the middle.
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L AY
MAR
KET
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DESIGN
E L M ST
PARK IN G L OT
04.
F IN D L AY M A R K E T W E L D E R ST
ADJAC E N T B UI L D I N G
P U BL IC ser vi ce
s er ved
More generally, “served” spaces are the areas where
“served” spaces are the areas where functions are
functions are performed which define the use of the
performed which define the use of the facility
facility, and “server” spaces are areas where the staff/ workers are accommodated, and the total facility is
“server” spaces are areas where the staff/workers are
designed so as to best integrate these spaces with their
accommodated
functions and overall purpose.
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S PAT I A L P R O G R A M M I N G BASED ON EXISTING STRUCTURE
FL GROUND Existing side entrance on the south facing
1
wall becomes the main entrance of the building.
2 Natural division of the space from the architecture helps define different parts of space.
3
Circulations are kept linear and perpendicular to one another as metaphor of a street as a way of providing a sense of “image congruity” and “social imageability” that users could relate to.
P R I VAT E
PUBLIC
S E M I - P R I VAT E
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DESIGN
FL 1 Location of existing staircase and elevator
4
doesn’t maximize the use of daylight since it’s pushed up against the south facing wall.
5
Moving vertical circulations toward the center of the building opens up the space and gives a clearer view towards the outdoors.
To maximize connection from the proposed
6
operatory and garden locations, north facing wall is replaced with structural glazing.
This eliminates obstructions toward intended
7
focal points inside and outside of the space.
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04.
N
W
E
S
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DESIGN
S PAT I A L P R O G R A M M I N G BASED ON DAYLIGHTING
N
W
N
E
W
S
E
S
WINTER SOLSTICE - 12 PM
SUMMER SOLSTICE - 12 PM
South facing windows will receive abundant sunlight
Shadow of the building will cast on the north facing
even during the winter season, making it the ideal spot
wall. This area will receive little to no sunlight Careful
to place plants either indoor or outdoor.
planning is important to ensure that design is successfully implemented.
SUNSET SUNRISE AT 12 PM
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JOURNEY
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01.
02.
03.
RECEPTION DESK
WAITING LOUNGE
HYGIENE FACILITIES
inquiry for facilities
wait for turn
check in/out for dental patients
choose meal option
04. D E N TA L CLINIC
pick up clean clothes
head up to second floor
use shower facility
get information taken down
drop off dirty laundry
grab refreshers while waiting
get haircut
assisted to operation rooms
wait for laundry
DESIGN
05. RECEPTION DESK
check out inquire information about other homeless facilities around the area
head down to check out something to look forward to buddy system
something to be remembered by
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DESIGN I M P L E M E N TAT I O N S
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A
A.
UNOBSTRUCTED SIGHT LINES
Opening up sight lines become the major design move in the space. This allows increased visibility in
A.1
space which promotes a sense of safety because it exposes any hidden spaces where people experiencing homelessness might feel intimidated by.
A.1.
DAYLIGHT Daylight has many biophilic benefits, including mood
improvement,
promoting
healthier
interior environment by triggering our circadian rhythms, and most importantly for this project,
A.2
reduces the sense of over crowding.
A.2.
C O N N E C T I O N TO N AT U R E Pairing daylight and plants is an effective way to bring in biophilic elements in a space.
B.
MONOTONE INTERIOR
To highlight views in the space as well as to the outdoor, the interiors focus on a single color with little variation. Using wood warms up the space and create a calm atmosphere.
C.
COLOR AS HIGHLIGHT
Color is used to highlight views and sight line. Using different colors on the frames for each room contrast with the monotone wood interior. This draws the eyes toward the intended focus in the space.
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B C
DESIGN
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DESIGN
MOOD BOARD LOOK AND FEEL
The goal is to achieve a warm and inviting environment
minimal and monotonous, with concrete floor and wood
while tying in some materials that look similar to ones
interior. Textured glass is used to increase sightline
that can be found in an urban setting. Spaces are kept
while still keeping spaces semi-private.
FURNITURE Following the same idea with the look and feel of the space, furniture in the space will be simple and have similar wood tones to carry the monotone look. Upholstered seats will have a darker fabric to hide dirt and stains.
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DESIGN
M AT E R I A L I T Y
pine wood interior to bring warmth and connection to nature through materiality
soothing colors that frame different areas in space
textured glass to increase sightline while still
concrete flooring coated
providing privacy
with antibacterial sealant
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DESIGN
PROGRAM COLL A BORAT I ON
FL 3 & 4
SPACE S
FL 1
8
DE N TA L WA I T I N G A RE A
9
COFFE E STAT I ON
10
CON SU LTAT I ON A RE A
11
CLE A N I N G STAT I ON
12
SE M I -PRI VAT E OPE RATORY
13
PRI VAT E OPE RATORY LAB DE N TA L M E CHA N I CS ST E RI LI ZAT I ON ROOM RE ST ROOM
FL GROUND
1
RE CE PT I ON
2
L AU N DRY PI CK U P
3
SHOWE R
4
L AU N DRY DROP OFF
5
HA I R SA LON
6
G E N E RA L WA I T I N G A REA FI N A N CE DE N T I ST PRI VAT E OFFIC E RE ST ROOM
M O B I L E D E N TA L
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FL 3 & 4
FL 1 10 11
9 8
7 12
13 13
FL G
2 1
3
6 4 5
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DESIGN
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DESIGN
M O B I L E D E N TA L U N I T The idea behind having a mobile dental clinic is to increase accessibility to those who are not in the proximity of the fixed clinic. The design be used to actively seek the homeless population instead of passively waiting for them to come. While the fixed clinic is located in an area where the homeless population are high, the mobile unit will be able to reach even further areas.
By having a design that is big enough for intended use, but light and small enough for a full size pick up truck, such as the Dodge Ram, will allow the option of having other mobile services. This may include an eye care unit, sanitary/ feminine hygiene unit, as well as the most bbasic, food.
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reducing feeling of over
two (2) dental
windows bring in an
crowding by using an
operatories
ample amount of
expandable system
daylight
restroom
sterilization room
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DESIGN
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DESIGN
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DESIGN
GROUND FLOOR FIXED CLINIC
A
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DESIGN
GROUND FLOOR
This is the first interaction with the space. This floor serves as the general area for the building. There is a waiting area that can serve all floors. Hygiene facilities are conveniently placed on the first floor to make the space easily accessible, and it then becomes the first part of the journey.
Sight line plays a big factor in laying out the floor plan. By pushing back furniture and vertical circulation towards the center of the building, this will bring in more daylight and open up views towards nature/ the outside.
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DESIGN
1801 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OH, 45202
IDX.XX GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
#
GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
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SEMI - PRIVATE
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DESIGN
FLOOR PLAN
B
A
1801 ELM CINCINNA
GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
JOURNEY
BREAK ROOM
The main entrance is located on the south side of the
Instead of placing the break room in the back of house
building which faces W. Elder Street. The reception is
for the staffs, it is located in the main waiting lounge and
located at the entrance in direct sight line with the main
is open for everyone to use. This includes patients, staffs,
door. Instead of creating a separation between the old
and other visitors going to the facilities in the building.
building and the new building, the circulation on the
The intended purpose is to break the barriers between
ground floor loops around the existing bearing wall that
staffs and patients to promote conversations and help
‘naturally’ separates the two buildings.
them rebuild a good relationship with people.
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DESIGN
B
2
3
7 4
1
6
1
RECEPTION
2
LAUNDRY PICK UP
3
SHOWER/ RESTROOM
4
LAUNDRY DROP OFF
5
HAIR SALON
6
GENERAL WAITING LOUNGE + BREAK ROOM
7
5
STAIRS/ ELEVATOR TO DENTAL CLINIC
1801 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OH, 45202
IDX.XX GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
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DESIGN
FIRST FLOOR FIXED CLINIC
C
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DESIGN
FIRST FLOOR
The dental clinic is located on the first floor. There are 6 semi-private operatories and 2 private operatories located towards the front of the building facing Findlay Market. Daylighting is maximized by placing them at the corner of the building.
Sight line still plays a big factor in on the first floor as well. The waiting area is centrally located, which gives views towards the consultation area, the stairs, and partial view towards the operatories and garden.
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DESIGN
GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
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SEMI - PRIVATE
#
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DESIGN
FLOOR PLAN
C D
1801 E CINCIN
D E N TA L C L I N I C The introduction of timber accents, particularly in a neutral monotone scheme, serve to bring life and warmth to a space. Contrast is used to highlight sight lines by using colors around the window frame. Each room has a different color to help with wayfinding.
C O N S U L TAT I O N To make the process less intimidating and more personable,
patient
information
is
taken
in
the
consultation area.
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DESIGN
D
10
11
8
1
8
CONSULTATION AREA
9
WAITING LOUNGE
10
CLEANING STATION
11
SEMI-PRIVATE OPERATORIES
12
PRIVATE OPERATORIES
12 DENTAL OPERATORY - NORTH 1/4" = 1' - 0" DENTAL OPERATORY - NORTH 1/4" = 1' - 0"
9
1801 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OH, 45202
IDX.XX GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
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02 02
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F
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focusing views toward the
different layers of
different color
monotone materiality
outside and curating what
transparency to increase
frames associated
throughout to highlight
lies in the sightline
sight line while still
to each spaces
and contrast frame
maintaining privacy
EXTERIOR WALL INTERSECTION 1" = 1' - 0"
colors
1 HOUR WALL SECTION 1" = 1' - 0"
#
TYPICAL 36" COUNTER AND UPPER 1/2" = 1' - 0"
#
#
1801 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OH, 45202
F
E ID9.01
1801 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OH, 45202
IDX.X GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
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G
G
1801 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OH, 45202
IDX.X GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
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H
H
1801 ELM STREET, CINCINNATI, OH, 45202
IDX.X GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN 3/32" = 1' - 0"
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REFERENCES
REFERENCES
1.
Otto, Mary. Teeth: the Story of Beauty, Inequality, and the Struggle for Oral Health in America. The New Press, 2017.
2.
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “The 2017 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress.” Www.hudexchange.info, The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, www.hudexchange. info/resources/documents/2017-AHAR-Part-1.pdf.
3.
Foley, Mike. “HUD Report Finds Homelessness Decline In Ohio.” WCBE 90.5 FM, WCBE 90.5 FM, wcbe.org/post/hudreport-finds-homelessness-decline-ohio.
4.
Sands, Jim, and Jill Atkey. Understanding How Homelessness Affects Us All. Understanding How Homelessness Affects Us All, RENFREW COLLINGWOOD HOMELESSNESS STEERING COMMITTEE AND COLLINGWOOD NEIGHBOURHOOD HOUSE, 2007.
5.
Clark, Michelle. “Homelessness and Oral Health.” National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center, www. mchoralhealth.org/PDFs/OHHomelessfactsheet.pdf.
6.
Gelberg, L, et al. “Dental Health of Homeless Adults.” US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3272052.
7.
“Healthy Mouths.” Groundswell | Out of Homelessness, 2017.
8.
“Leading the Way Home.” Strategies to End Homelessness, 2014.
9.
10.
11.
Steingold, Daniel. “The Sad Tooth: 6 In 10 Adults Are Too Scared To Visit The Dentist.” Study Finds, 28 Feb. 2018, www.studyfinds.org/adults-too-scared-visit-dentist-teeth/. Otto, Mary. Teeth: The Story of Beauty, Inequality, and the Struggle for Oral Health in America. The New Press, 2017. Velotti, Patricia. “Faces of Shame: Implications for SelfEsteem, Emotion Regulation, Aggression, and Well-Being.” Taylor & Francis Online, 18 Nov. 2016, www.tandfonline. com/doi/full/10.1080/00223980.2016.1248809.
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REFERENCES
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