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h f] u fpg] cleofgdf lqmofzLntf b]vfPsf] kfOG5 . o;}qmddf td' ;d'bfosf] 7"nf] kj{ …td' Nxf];f/ –@)&!Ú /f]Nkfsf u'?ª ;d'bfon] eJo sfo{qmd ;lxt w'dwfdsf ;fy dgfPsf 5g\ . x/]s jif{ kf}if !% sf] lbg Nxf] cyf{t\ ju{ km]l/g] ePsfn] of] lbgnfO{ Nxf]5f/ kj{ s f] ?kdf dflgPsf] oL ;d'b fosf cu'jfx?sf] egfO{ 5 . Nxf] ;f/s} lbg dfGohg tyf cfkmGtx?af6 z'esfdgf / cflzjf{b cfbfg k|bfg ug{] rng o; ;d'bfodf 5 . k| T o] s !@ jif{ d f o' u kl/jt{g x'g] / oL !@ jif{nfO{ d' ; f, uf] ? , af3, v/fof] , la/fnf], u?8, ;k{, 3f]8f, e]8f, afFb/, s's/' / aFbn ] sf k|ltssf ?kdf lnOG5 . o;kfln 3f]8f
à ;g:6f/ ;dfrf/bftf /f]NkfnfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ dfcf]jfbLn] ljleGg o'4 tyf cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df ljKnj g]t[Tjsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] klg /f]Nkfd} klxnf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ug]{ hgfPsf] lyof] . hg :jod\;]js kl/rfng h:tf ljleGg ultljlw /f]Nkfsf] P] ltxfl;s ufpF yafªdf ul/P klg ljKnj;d"xnfO{ yafªn] …dfofÚ df/]kl5 /f]Nkfs} blIf0fklZrd If]qsf] a'9 fufpF uflj;df ;Dd]ng x'g] k|rf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ lr;f]sf sf/0f b]vfpFb} ;Dd]ng /f]NkfnfO{ g} 5f]8]/ bfªsf]
t'n;Lk'/ ;/]sf] 5 . kf} if @# ut]b]lv @^ ut];Dd ug]{ elgPsf] pQm /fli6«o ;Dd]ng c? sf/0f geP/ lr;f]s} sf/0f bfª ;fl/Psf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;Gtf]if a'9fdu/n] hfgsf/L lbP . ;Dd]n g ug]{ elgPsf] :yfg lxnfDo ePsf] / ;Dd] ngsf k| ltlglwx? lj/fdL kg]{ ;Defjgf a9]sfn]
ju{sf] ljbfO{ / e]8f ju{s f] :jfut ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . of] lbgdf dL7f]rf] vf] vfg]s '/fx? ksfP/ vfg], Ps cfk;df v' ; Lofn L afF 8 \ g ] / cfkmGthg;F u e] 6 3f6 ug] { rng 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do ljleGg :yfgdf cf} k r fl/ s sfo{ q m dx? ug] { , o' j f S n ax?sf] ;lqmotfdf v]ns'b, ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd / s]xL pbfx/0fLo sfo{ ;d]t ug]{ ub{5g\ . o;k6ssf] td' Nxf] ; f/ sf] cj;/df klg lh N nfsf] ;b/d' s fd lnafªdf /x]s f] xf]d:6] ufpF td' gf;f cyf{ t\ u' ?ªufpF df eAo sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ljleGg v] n k|ltof] lutf;F u}
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3/df vghf]6 tyf dbf{ kbf{ sfd wfGg] o'jfx? ;d]t 5}gg\ . ljZjsf sl/j !)) d'n' sdf /f]huf/Lsf] lznlznfdf g]kfnL uPsf] kfOG5 . ;a}eGbf a9L dn]l;of, sj]t, s6f/, b'jO{, ;fpbL, c/a, cf]dg / blIf0f sf]l/ofdf] uPsf] b]lvG5 . of] ;+Vof k|To]s lbg al9/x]sf] 5 lsgsL Pslbgdf em08} krf;xhf/ ;/b/df lqe'jg cGt/f{ li6«o ljdfg :ynaf6 ljb]z aflx/L/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] bolgo cj:yf g]kfnLn] ef]lu/x]sf] a]nf l5gl5gd} km]l/g] ;/sf/ / /fHo ;+oGq d'sbz{sem}+ alg/x] sf] 5 . RofpF;/L d]gkfj/ sDkgL / k/fdz{ s]Gb|x? vf]lnPsf 5g\ . w]/}n ] o;nfO{ sdfpg] wGbfsf] ?kd} k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . s]xL cf}+nfdf ulgg] ;+ 3;+ :yfn ;sf/fTds ?kdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] Joj;fo ;~rfng u/]tf klg k|fon] sDkgL / s]Gb|x?sf] gfpFdf ;fwf/0f g]kfnLx?nfO{ yUb} sdfpF wGbf ckgfO/x] sf 5g\ . jf:tljstf ga'em]/ / c?sf] nx}nx}df nfUbf o'jfx? vf8L d'n' sdf gf/sLo hLjg ljtfO/x]sf 5g\ . of] ;a} cbIf / c1fgtfsf] k|ltkmn xf] . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] g]kfnLx? *) k|ltzt cbIf 5g\ . s'g sfdsf] nflu hfg] xf] / Tof] sfdsf] nflu dfkb08 s] x'G5 eGg] yfx} gkfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] nfOgdf pleG5g\ oxL df}sf 5f]k]/ s}of}+ bnfnx?n] cfkm\gf] hLjg ;'wf5{g\ . c1fgtfs} sf/0f Pp6f sfd eg]/ hfg] / ptf k'u]kl5 csf]{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nfUg'kg]{ afWotf g]kfnLn] v]Kb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ljb] z hfg'eGbf cl3 s'g b]z hfg], ToxfFsf] efiff, ;+:s[ lt, lgod sfg'g, /xg;xg, xfjfkfgLsf] af/]df /fd|f] k/fdz{ s]Gb| af6 ;xL
:jb]zd} s]xL ug'{k5{ elgof] eg] a9L cfbz{jfbL jfSodf dfq aG5 ls < olb /fHon] o' jfx?nfO{ :jb]zd} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ lbPdf /x/n] sf]xL klg ljb]lzg] lyPgg\ xf]nf . cfkm\gf] hGd]sf] ufpF7fpF, cfkmGt, Oi6ldq, kl/jf/ / b]znfO{ 5f]8]/ csf{sf] lj/fgf] d'n'sdf hfg] /x/ s;}nfO{ x'Fb} g . ljb]z hfg'kg]{ y'k|} afWotfx? 5g\ h'g n]v]/ ;fWo klg 5}g . t/ ;a}eGbf ljb]z hfg'kg]{ sf/0f rfFxL g]kfnL ;dfhdf >dsf] OHht / ;Ddfg ug]{ ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . oxfF >dnfO{ hft;Fu, /ª;F u, dfG5]sf] njfOvjfO{;Fu t'ngf ul/G5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf k9]n ]v]sfn] sfd ug'{x'Gg eGg] unt wf/0ff 5 . ha;Dd s' g} klg sfd 7" nf] / ;fgf] eg]/ 5'6\ofOG5 ta;Dd g] kfnLn]
c?sf] d'v tfSg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . h'glbg ljb]zdf uP/ ul/Psf] kl/>d g]kfnd} ug{ ;lsof] eg] g]kfnd} klg ;'g kmnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfgl;stf xfdLdf knfpF5 / s'g} klg sfdnfO{ Ifdtf cg';f/ ug{;Sg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{ gf ug{ ;lsG5 Tof] lbg Psflt/ g]kfn :ju{ klg aG5 csf]{lt/ ljb]zL df]x / Totflt/sf] cfsif{ 0f klg sd x'Fb} hfg]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg j}b] lzs /f]h uf/df ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg h?/L 5 . g]kfndf /f]huf/sf] s'g} jftfj/0f gePkl5 ljb]lzg' nfO{ :jefljs dfGb} ljb]z hfgnfO{ s;/L ;xh agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ /fHon] ;f] Rg h?/L 5 . cj}w ?kdf ;~rflnt d]gkfj/ / k/fdz{ s]Gb|x? aGb ul/g'k5{ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{ ;Eo agfpFb} o' jfx?nfO{ 7lugaf6 arfpg' k5{ . o'jfx?n] klg Vofn ug{ h?/L 5 . k} ;fsf] nfnrdf k/L cj}w jf6f]sf] k|of]u ubf{ Hofg} hf]lvddf kg{;S5 . xfdL x/]sn] ljb]lzg'kg]{ afWotfsf jLr klg s;/L ;xhtf ckgfpg ;lsG5 / s;/L sfd ubf{ nfebfos x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf ;ts{ x'g' h?/L 5 . casf o'jfx?nfO{ /fHon] Ifdtf / bIftfsf cfwf/df :jb] zd} sfdsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . o'jfx?sf] kl/>d b]zd} nufgL eof] eg] g] kfnsf] d'xf/ cjZo km]l/g]5 . /f]N kf .
k|ljlwut ljsf;nfO{ cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;d]t ;xof]u lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . o;}qmddf /f]Nkfsf ljleGg u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf ljBfnox?nfO{ ljsf; / zflGtsf nflu lrlgof kmfp08];gn] ;xof]u ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . cfhsf] cfjZostf k|fljlws / a}1flgs lzIffdf qmflGt, kl/jt{gsf nflu ;dfh, ;dfhsf nflu ljsf; / qmflGt eGg] gf/fsf ;fy
;+:yfn] ;xof]u ;fdfu|L ljt/0f u/]sf] xf] . u|fdL0f jftfj/0f lzIff tyf ;+/If0f s]Gb| bfªsf] cfof]hgfdf lhNnfsf # ljBfnodf sDKo'6/ Nofk6k tyf elnan ;fdfu|L ljt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . o;} ;Gbe{df hg;]jf pdflj /fª\;Ldf # j6f Nofk6k ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hsn] #÷# j6fsf b/n] df8Lrf}/, yafª, /fª\;Lsf] hg;]jf pdfljnfO{ Nofk6k ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . hg;]jf
dfljsf k|frfo{ ledk|sf; k'gsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] ljt/0f sfo{qmdsf] :jfut dgtJo u|fdL0f jftfj/0f lzIff tyf ;+/If0f s]Gb| bfªsf sf]iffWoIf u0f]z jnLn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ljt/0f sfo{qmddf g]kfnL sf+u]; | sf hoaxfb'/ 3tL{, g]skf Pdfn] /fª\;L uflj; k|ltlglw xl/ jnL, Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL /fª\;L uflj; cWoIf xl/k|;fb a'9f / sIff !) sf 5fq ljjz
jnL nufotn] dgtJo lbg'eof] . elnan ljt/0fsf qmddf /fª\;Lsf ljleGg Sna tyf ljBfnonfO{ u/]sf] lyof], Sna tkm{ a/fxIf]q o'jf Sna /fª\;L–* / hnhnf o'jf ;dfh kf5fafª, uhn :d[lt o'jfSna /fª\;LnfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf] lyof] . ljt/0f sfo{qmdsf] ;Grfng Uf|fdL0f lzIff ;+/If0f s]Gb| bfªsf sf]l8g]6/ lu/L/fh dx/fn] ug'{ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
o'jfx?df /fHon] nufgL ug'k{ b{5
ljb]zdf h:t} :jb]zd} d]xgt ug{ ;s] oxfF klg ;'g kmNg;S5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] slxNo} a'em\b}gf}+ . u/] s] 5}g / b]zdf t/ o'jfx? ljb]lzg'eGbf c? s'g} ljsNk vf]Hb}gg\ . s'g} afWotfn] t s'g} /x/n] cg]sf}+ axfgfdf xhf/f}+ o'jfx? lbgk| lt lbg ljb] lz/x] sf 5g\ . k/b]zdf klg s' g} ?vdf kmn]sf] k};f l6Kg t kfO{b}g b'Mv kl/>d u/]/ sdfpgsf nflu g} aflxl/G5g\ . ToxL kl/>d :jb]zdf nufgL ug]{ xf] eg] ;'g kmnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f eg] o'jfx? lal;{G5g\ . ljb]zsf] d?e" lddf lgs} d] xgt / si6;lxt sdfPsf] b'O{k};f klg s;}n] ;b'kof]u u5{g\ eg] s;}n] kmh'nvr{ ug]{ ub{5g\ . sf]xL b'Mvdfly b' Mv kfpFb} sdfPsf] /sd xft gkfb}{ n'l6g, s' l6g ;d]t k'U5g\ eg] s;}s ;} n] t Hofg} ;d]t u' dfpg] u/]sf] lttf] oyfy{sf 36gfx? lbgk|ltlbg g36]sf xf]O{gg\ t/ tL ;d:of a'em\g] s;n] < b]zsf] d]?b08 o'jfx? lbgk|ltlbg knfog x'Fbf /fi6«nfO{ k|ToIf ck|ToIf b'a}tkm{af6 3f6f k'lu/x]sf] 5 . t/ klg ;/sf/ df}g 5 . g t o'jfx?sf] nflu s'g} ultnf] sfd ;'Dk] sf] 5 g t ultnf] cj:yf lbPsf] 5 . ;+s6sflng If0f g t ;dodf ;+ ljwfg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . o'jf gLlt t emg} k/} hfcf] ;\ aGg' / sfhd} l;ldt x' g'eGbf Jojxfl/stfdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] slxn] xf] < o'j fx? lbgk|ltlbg ljb]lzg' sf] k5fl8 /fHosf] klg xft /x]sf] 5 . ;dod} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x' g;s]sf] 5}g . g t o'jfx?sf nflu gLlt lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ . rflxPsf] a]nfdf d]?b08 eGof] vf] Hof] ha cfjZostf k'/f eof] ljb]z knfog u/fpg] pg} k|of]ustf{x? kl5 kb}{gg\ . /fHon] lnPsf] :j/f]huf/ shf{ k|j4{gsf] dfWodn] s]xL dfqfdf /fxt t lbPsf] 5 t/ Tof] kof{Kt 5} g . of] shf{n] o'j fx?nfO{ :jb]zdf /f]huf/ dfq} lbPsf] 5}g ToxL shf{ lnP/ ljb]lzg]x?sf] klg sdL 5}g . t/ ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 Ps xb;Dd /f]lsPsf 5g\ . t/ ca o;sf] Jofkstf cfjZos 5 . shf{n fO{ cem}+ km/flsnf] bfo/fdf Nofpg' kg]{ / ;b'kof]u u/] gu/]sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug{ cToGt h?/L 5 . ta dfq b]zdf s]xL kl/jt{g x'g]5 . o'j fx? a] /f]h uf/s} sf/0f gsf/fTds ultljlwdf ;+nUg x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . x/]s o'jfx?nfO{ kl/rflnt u/fpg] gLlt /fHon] Nofpg' h?/L 5 . h'g b]zsf o'jfx? :jb]zd} cfTdlge{/ eP/ a;]sf 5g\ To;b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 pRr /xg] 5 . x/] s If] qdf o' j fx?sf] ;lqmotf ePdf b] zn] ljsf;sf] km8\sf] dfg]{5 . o'j fx?sf] hf]z / hf+u/nfO{ b]zdf nufgL ug{, pgLx?sf] pT;fxnfO{ a9fpg /fHon] k|]l/t ug{ h?/L 5 .
ad ljikmf]6
kfls:tfgdf elnan v] n e} / x] s f] 7fpF d f ad lj:kmf]6 x'Fbf kfFr hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] ;fthgf 3fO{ t] ePsf 5g\ . kfls:tfgsf] pQ/ klZrdl:yt saofnL O{ nfsfdf elnan k| l tof] lutf e} / x] s f] ;dodf ad la:kmf] 6 x' F b f pgLx? dfl/ Psf] k| x / Ln ] hgfPsf] 5 . v] n d} b fgdf la:kmf]6s kbfy{n] el/Psf] ad /flvP klg clxn] ;DDf s' g} ;d" xn] lj:kmf] 6 sf] lhDd] j f/L lnPsf] 5}g . o;}aLr k|wfgdGqL gjfh ;l/kmn] 36gfsf] lgGbf ub} { kfls:tfgaf6 r/dkGyL ;d"xnfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{ atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
à /d]z 8fFuL
sDKo'6/ lzIff cfhsf] ;dfhdf clgjfo{ eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf /f]Nkfsf ljBfnox?df sDKo'6/ pknAw agfpg] / To; ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t 1fg lbg] qmd ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . x/]s ljBfnodf sDKo'6/ clgjfo{ x'g'kg]{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ ljBfnox? o;tkm{ p2t b]lvPsf 5g\ . /f]Nkfsf] lzIff If]qsf] of]
oxfF >dnfO{ hft;Fu, /ª;Fu, dfG5]sf] njfOvjfO{;u F t'ngf ul/G5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf k9]n]v]sfn] sfd ug'{x'Gg eGg] unt wf/0ff 5 . ha;Dd s'g} klg sfd 7"nf] / ;fgf] eg]/ 5'6\ofOG5 ta;Dd g]kfnLn] c?sf] d'v tfSg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .
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ax;÷cGt/jftf{
;flxTodf zAbfn+sf/
nf]s cfnf]s
df]xg 1jfnL zfvf clws't, o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if lhNnfsf slt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df cg'udg ug'{eof] < o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f] huf/ sf]if dfkm{t\ k|ToIf nufgL ePsf & j6f ;xsf/L ;+ :yfx?df cg'udg ;DkGg eO{;s] sf] 5 eg] ca @ j6f ;xsf/Ldf afFsL 5 a' waf/;Dd ;a} ;+:yfx?df cg'udg sfo{ ;DkGg eO{;Sg]5 . s]xL l56km'6 ?kdf shf{ nufgL ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? klg 5g\ tL ;+:yfx?df klg afF sL 5 . cg'udg kl5sf] lqmofsnfk s] x'g]5 < cj:yfnfO{ a\ l'em;s]kl5 To;sf] l/kf]6{ sf] ifdf a'emfpF 5f}+ . To;s} cfwf/df kl5sf] C0f dfu sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/Ltf k' Ug]5 . clxn]sf] cg'udg kZrft tTsfn olb ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] bf]>f] k6s C0f dfu u/]eg] klxn]sf] C0fsf] ! ;o %) k|ltzt;Dd a9L shf{ nufgL x'g]5 . ;fy} klxn] gkfPsf 5'6 ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ klg %) nfv;Dd nufgL ug{ ;lsG5 . xfd|f @@ j6f dfkb08 5g\ To;nfO{ kf; u/]sf] v08df ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsG5 . cg' udgn] klg lgs} k|efj kf5{ . cg' udgdf ljz]if s] kfpg'eof] t < cg' udgsf] qmddf /f]Nkfdf ;a} ;xsf/Lx?n] sf]ifsf gLlt lgodcg';f/ g} sfd u/]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . s]xL ;xsf/L cGof}ndf klg k/]sf 5g\ . tL ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ klg 7Ls af6f]df Nofpg] k|of; x' g]5 . sf] ifsf] ;xsfo{df C0f kl/rfng ul//x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df ;a}eGbf /fd|f] s]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? kfO{Psf 5g\ gfd} lnP/ eGg]xf] eg] chDa/L hgs[lif, hgsNof0f art tyf C0f, ;[hgzLn s[lif dlxnf / d]rLsfnL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] gLlt lgodleq /x]/ sf]ifsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df shf{ k|jfx ul//x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . s]xL ;xsf/Ldf q'6L klg e]l6Psf 5g\ . sf]i fsf] shf{nfO{ s]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] lgod ljkl/t k|jfx u/]/ b'?kof]u
cd]l/sfsf] l;P6nl:yt k|m]08 xlr+;g SofG;/ l/;r{;]G6/df afn SofG;/ ljz]if1 8fS6/ lhd cf]N;g of] sl7gfO;F u nfdf] ;dob] l v h'lw/x]sf 5g\ . pgn] ca Pp6f gofF k| ljlwsf] ljsf; u/] sf 5g\ hf] dl:tis SofG;/sf] pkrf/df lgs} ;xof] uL x'g]5 / o;sf] >]o hfg]5 ljR5Lsf] ljif cyf{t\ vLnnfO{ . lhd cf]N;gsf cg';f/ ljR5Lsf] ljifaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] cf}iflwsf] gfd xf], 6\o'd/ k]G6 . pSt cf}iflw SofG;/ u| :t sf] l zsfdf zN olqm ofsf] P s
u/]sf] u'gf;f] 5 jf:tljs s] xf], cg'udgsf qmddf s] kQf nufpg'eof] < xf], ljleGg Aoj;foLx?sf] u'gf;f] ;'Gbf To:t}vfn] ;d:ofx? kfPsf 5' . t/ jf:tljstf s] xf] eGg] s'/f a'em\g cem}+ h?/L 5 . To;sf] :ynut 5fgljg u/]sf] 5}gf}+ tTsfn ul/g]5 t/ olb To:tf sdLsdhf]/Lx? e] l6of] eg] casf lbgdf sf]ifn] To:tf ;xsf/L;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{5}g . sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmofklg cl3 a9\g]5 . o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifn] ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 ePsf o'jfx?nfO{ dfq} :j/f]huf/ agfpg] u/]sf] 5 aflx/sf nflu s] 5 t pkfo < ;a} o'jfx? t ;d]l6b}g g\ < a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{ :j/f] huf/ u/fpg] sfo{ sf]ifn] u/]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;xL tj/df C0f k|jfx u/]sf x'G5g\ To;}n] pgLx?nfO{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] xf] . olb o'jfx? lglZrt dfkb08sf cfwf/df ;xsf/L ;+ :yfdf cfj4 x'g rfx]eg] pgLx?n] shf{ kfpg] 5g\ . ;xsf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] sfo{I f]qleq /x]sf o'jfx?nfO{ ;d]6] / shf{ nufgL ug'{k5{ . ta dfq} ljz] if u|fXotfdf ;xsf/Lx? kg]{5g\ . sf]ifn] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no;Fu dfq} ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5< xfn /f]Nkfdf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{ no;Fu dfq} ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . kl5 cGo a}+sx? lalQo ;+ :yfx?;Fu klg ;xsfo{ x'g;S5 . xfn xfdLn] s]Gb|af6 ;Demf}tfsf nflu cfXjfg ;d]t u/]sf 5f}+ . sf]i fsf] C0f Joj;foLx?n] ;fFRrLs} ;b'kof]u u/]sf 5g\ t < slt k|ltzt ;b'k of]u ePsf] 5 < ;b'kof]u efsf] 5 . x'g t xfd| f] ;+:sf/cg';f/ dfG5]df s]xL v/fa cfr/0f x'G5 g} To;}n ] !)) df !)) k|ltzt 7Ls eof] eGg ;lsFb }g . xfdLn] h'g wf/0ffdf nufgL u/]sf 5f} + . To;df ;kmn ePsf klg 5f}+ . k|ltztdf gfKg ;lsb}g . cyfx o'jfx?df shf{
lbgcl3 ;'Odfkm{t lbOG5 . of] cf}iflw n ufP kl5 SofG;/ sf] l ifsfx? r lDsn f] b] l vG5g\ . o;af6 lrlsT;snfO{ SofG;/u|:t sf]lzsf / :j:y sf]lzsf 5' 6fpg ;lhnf] x'G5 . lgs} ljiffn' tyf vt/gfs k|h fltsf] 8]y :6s/ ljR5Lsf] ljifaf6 pSt /ªjfnf cf}iflw tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . cf] N ;gsf cg' ; f/ /ut / dl:tisaLr x' g ] h} ljs ;Ldfsf sf/0f s'g} cf} iflwnfO{ dl:tis;Dd k" /fpg s7Lg x' G5 . ;f]xL s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} pgdf lalR5sf] ljifsf] k| of]u ug{] ljrf/ cfof] . of] ljlwsf]
k|jfx ePsf] 5 . b]zsf @% b]lv #) xhf/ o'jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ agfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf 5f}+ . sf]ifsf] of] sfo{ ;xL tj/df g} uPsf] 5 . xfdLn] Psb'O{hgf o'jfx?nfO{ dfq} x]/]/ eGg' eGbf klg ;du|df x]g{ h?/L 5 . olb b'?kof] u ePsf s'/f 5g\ eg] sf/jfxL x'G5 . ;du|df ;b' kof]u ePsf] 5 . ljleGg ;~rf/dfWoddf cfPsf s'/fx? em}+ b'?kof]usf s'/f / /fhgLlts rnv]nsf af/]df s] eGg' x'G5 < vf; u/L ;~rf/ dfWoddf cfPsf s'/ fx? ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg] s' /f 5'6\ 6} 5 . s] xL s' /fx? ckmjfxsf ?kdf km} lnPsf 5g\ csf] { s'/ f /fhgLlts rnv]n eGg] s'/f sf]ifdf x'F b} g . g]kfn ;/sf/ cGtu{ t ;Grfng ePsf] sf/0f /fhgLlts eGg] x'Fb }g . ;xsf/Lsf s'/ fx? klg ToxL g} xf] ;xs/L P]gsf] dfkb08cg';f/ rn]s f] ;xsf/L ePsfn] ToxfFklg s' g} /fhgLlts s' /fsf] af/] df eGg' x'Fb} g . JolQmsf] cf:yf / ljrf/ x'g;Snf t/ ;du| df ;xsf/L tyf sf]ifnfO{ /fhgLlts 3] /fdf kfg' {x'Fb }g . lhNnfdf xfn;Dd sf]i fn] slt C0f k|jfx u/]sf] 5 < /f]Nkfdf # s/f]8 !) nfv;Dd C0f k|jfx ul/;s]sf] 5 . ^ j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ tLg ls:tfdf k|jfx eO{;s]sf] 5 eg] ca Pp6f ;xsf/LnfO{ t]>f] ls:tf cfpFb}5 . ca klg cfXjfg ePsf] 5 olb km]/L klg ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? 5gf}6 ePeg] oxL df3sf] clGtd;Dd k'gM ;f9] tLgs/f]8 hlt yk shf{ k|jfx x'g5 ] . /f]Nkf lhNnfsf Joj;foLx?nfO{ s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 < ;fd'lxs ?kdf sfo{ ubf{ klg pQd x' G5 eg] Psn klg /fd|f] x'G5 . If] qut ?kdf ubf{ pTkfbg a9\5 ljz]if u/]/ s[lif / kz'kfng tkm{ /fd|f] x'G5 . /f]Nkfsf] ;jfndf oxfFsf s[ifsx?nfO{ w]/} ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . g'jfufpF If]qdf
afFs L k[i 7 % df
crDdsf] b'lgofF k| of]uaf6 dl:tis SofG;/sf] lgbfg ;' ? jftL ; dod} u g{ ; lsg ] / SofG;/ klxrfgsf nflu nfUg] b'O jif{ sf] ;do art x' g] cf] N;gsf] bfaL 5 . cf]N;gn] of] cf}iflwsf] d';fdf ;kmn k/LIf0f u/] sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL vfB tyf cf}iflw k|zf;gn] dflg;df ;d] t of] cf} i flwsf] k/LIf0f ug{ cg' dlt lbO;s]sf] 5 . cf]N;gn] SofG;/sf] pkrf/sf cGo ljleGg cfw' lgs ljlwx?sf] cfljZsf/df ;d] t sfd ul//x] s f] ljlj;Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
zJbfn+sf/sf af/]df klxn] klg Zn]if ods / cg' k|f; cn+s f/;Dd pNn] v ePsf] lyof] / cg' k| f ; cn+sf/sf kfFr e]bsf gfdx? -s_ 5]sfg'k|f; cn+sf/ -v_ a[Tofg' k|f; -u_ >' Tofg'k|f; -3_ cGTofg'k|f; / ª_ n f6 fg' k | f ;sf gfdx?;Dd atfOPsf] lyof] . ca ltgsf af/]df yf]/} yf]/} rrf{ u/f}+ . -s_ 5]sfg'k|f ; M—w]/} Ao~hg j0f{x? Psk6s dfq bf]xf]l/Psf] cj:yf x'g' 5]sfg' k|f; cn+sf/ xf] . h:t} M— ca cGt 5}g s¿0ff ;Gtx? Joy{ e"ndf k5{g . zj/L d+unbftf h+unjf;L pg} bof u5{g\ . oxfF klxnf] nfOgdf -Gt_ / bf];|f] nfOgdf -Ën_ Jo~hg j0f{x? Ps Ps k6s bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\ . -v_ a[ Tofg' k | f ; M—Ps jf cg] s Jo~hgx? w] /} k6s bf] xf]l/P eg] a[Tofg' k|f; x'G5 . h:t} M— sfnL eGb} las6 v's'/L bfk b]lv lgsfnL, kmfnL nf5Lkg x[bosf] b]znfO{ prfnL . afnL /fFsf] x// /0fdf k|f0fsf] xf]dxfnL, kfnL /fd|f] lgod/xg] xf}+ pg} uf]/vfnL . o; kª\tLdf s'g s'g j0f{x? sltk6s bf] x f] l / Psf 5g\ egL n] v fhf] v f ug] { sfdsf] lhDdf kf7sx?nfO g} lbpF .
à df]xg lu/L
;ef;bsf] gfddf cfpg] ! s/f] 8 /sd /f]N kfsf] ! g+ = lgjf{ rg If]qdf ljlgof] hg ul/Psf] 5 . lgjf{r g If] qaf6 ljhoL ;ef;b s[ i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] cfkm\gf] gfddf cfPsf] /sd cfkm\ g} pkl:yltdf lgjf{r g ljsf; sf]ifnfO{ ljlgof]hg u/] sf x' g\ . ah]6nfO{ sxfF s;/L ljlgof] hg ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf lhNnfsf /fhgLlts bn, ;/f]s f/jfnf lgsfo / ;ef;bsf] ;fd'lxs 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ah]6nfO{ of]hgf k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] atfO{Psf] 5 . ljleGg !) j6f of]hgfnfO{ 5gf} 6 u/L ljlgof]hg
-u_ >' Tofg' k | f ; M—Ps} :yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g] j0f{x? ;+u} bf]xf]l/Pdf jf k6s k6s bf]xf] l/Pdf >'Tofg'k|f; x'G5 . h:t} M— xNnL vlNn 5 slNnsf r/0fdf 3lGsG5 uNnL klg, lrNnL lalNn pbfpbf] 5 d klg /lNnG5' l;NnL agL . -rqmkf0fL rfln;]_ -3_ c GTofg' k | f ; M— Zn f] s sf] la;f} gLdf jf kfpsf] cGTodf j0f{ bf]xf] l/of] eg] cGTofg'k|f; x'G5 . ;[hgfleq /rgf /fd|f gh/sf h'xf/, O{Zj/sf xfF;f] kfPsf km"n 5f]P / gdf/ -d=s=n=k|=b]=_ -ª_ nf6fg'k|f ; M—Ps} cy{ ePsf t/ tfTko{ a] Un} ePsf zJb bf] xf] l/F b f nf6fg'k|f; x'G5 . h:t} M— ltdL 5Fbf ;+uLgL jg ef] 3/, ltdL uof} ;+uLgL jg ef] 3/ .. kN6G5, h;sf] alnof] zq' sf] cl3 ;b{5 . kN6g\ 5 h;sf] alnof], zq' sf] cl3 ;b{5 .
ul/Psf] /sd dWo ;'lgndfu{ kfltxfNgf– lnafª ;8sdf bz nfv, u}8'ª vf] nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgfdf * nfv %) xhf/, lnafª– h]b\afª ;8sdf bz nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} c/]z uflj; ejg– kftns6]/L ;8sdf bznfv, 3f]8 fufpF uflj; ejg lgdf{0f / uf]/Lg]6f ;8sdf bznfv, Xjfdf uflj; ;f]nf/ ljt/0fsf nflu bznfv, ;'lnrf}/, h't'ª vf]nf d} gfdf/] ;8sdf bznfv, lnafª, b]p/fnL r'gf/] le/;8sdf bznfv, lnafª, wjfª ;'gfjfª ;8stkm{ bznfv, sfe|f, sf6\g] SjfnLufpFdf bznfv u/]/ (* nfv %) xhf/sf] /sd ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
ofq' dxfg'efjx?df v'zLsf] va/
/f]Nkf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 tkl;nsf 7fpFx?df lbjf ;]jf a; tyf hLk ;~rfng eO/x]s f] Joxf]/f ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?df hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5f}+ . ;'kf{nsf nflu a; 5'6\g] ;do lnafªaf6 ;'kf{nsf nflu lbpF;f] # ah] ;'kf{naf6 lnafªsf nflu laxfg ^M#) ah] v'ª\u|Lsf nflu a; 5'6\g ] ;do lnafªaf6 v'ª\u|Lsf nflu lbp;f] #M$% ah] v'ª\u|Laf6 lnafªsf nflu laxfg & ah] hLk 5'6\g] ;do 3tL{ufpFaf6 tfnfafªsf nflu lbpF;f] $M#) ah] tfnfafªaf6 3tL{ufpFsf nflu laxfg &M#) ah]
yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu hnhnf oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltsf] k|wfg sfof{no lnafª /f]Nkf .
;flxTo÷l;h{gf
@)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/
sljtf sfG5Lsf] k;n pgsf] / d] /f] lrghfg cfhsf] xf]Og . s]xL jif{ k'/fg} lyof] . cf–cfkm\gf] Jo:ttfsf sf/0fn] ;w}h;f] e]6 gePklg a]nf a] nf e]63f6 eO/fVYof] . To;f] t d cln nhfn' :jefjsf] eP sfn ] s] 6 L dfG5];Fu v'n]/} ukmufkm ub}{gy] . a] n f a] n fdf pgL;F u sf] a] n Llj:tf/n] dnfO{ vf;} k|efj kf/]g . d Kn; 6' sf] OSHofd lbg ?s' dlt/ xflgPF . a}zfv h]7 sf] df} ;d . ;fgLe] /Lsf] 5fn . xdSs xkm\ sfpF Yof] tftf] afkmn] . clg l5gd} r N Yof] lz/lz/ xfjf . 9flslbGYof] cfF v f e] / Lsf] afn' j fn] . k/LIff g;lsF b } ljbfsf] ;do kf/ ] / ;fyLx?;F u ?s' d sf] l;d|' 6lt/ nfUof}+ . pgLx?sf] cfk;df e]63f6 /x]5 s/ u/]/ dn fO{ klg ;fyd} nu] . ck;f] r eGg' k5{ pgL klg l;d|'6d} OSHofd lbg uPsL /x]l5g\ . ToxL ePsf] lyof] pgL;F u lhGbuLsf] dxTjk" 0f{ e]6 . nfdf] s]z . uf]/f] t/ rK6f] cg'xf/ . uf]nf cfFvf . To;}df xNsf ufhn lnk]sL . d+uf]lnog g kl/g\ gfF s cln y]Krf] . u'nfaL s'tf{;'? jfndf ldn]sf ;]tf bfFtx? . k"l0f{dfsf h"gh:t} b]lvlGyg\ . Toltj]n} rf]/]s L lyOg\ d] /f] dg . n'6]ls lyOg\ cem egf} + Psf] xf] / f] lbndf ;hfPF sf] lyPF d}n ] . pgsf] dgdf s] lyof] d} n ] a'lemgF . Toltj]nf d}n] klg ;a}s'/f eGg] EofPg . 5ftLe/L pg} n fO{ ;hfpF b } xfdL l;d|'6af6 cfkm\gf] k/LIffs]Gb|df uof}+ . ef] lnkN6sf] clGtd k/LIff ;s]/ 3/lt/ nfUof}+ . dgdf lgs} sf}6 f]x'n tf lyof] . pynk'yn rln/x]sf] lyof] . s] xL kfPh:tf] s] xL x/fPh:tf] cg'ej eO/x] sf] lyof] . 3/ k'Ug'ljlQs} pgsf] gfddf k|]dkq sf] /]F . cxF af6f] kfPg eg' F Tof] k| ] d kqn] . cemegf}+ s'g} dfWodg} ePg . l;w} nu] / pgsf] xftdf yDofpg klg ;s]g . clg Tof] k| ] d kq afs;sf] P ss' g fdf ylGs/Xof] . s] xLlbg kl5 pgnfO{ a'em\bf pgL cgdLsf] tLgjif] { sf] i f{ l;Wofpg kfNkflt/ nflul5g\ clg xfd|f] e]6\g] b'/L emg\ nfldb} uof] . lgs} vf] h tnf;kl5 pgsf] df]jfOn gDa/ kfPF . kmf]g u/]/ klg dgsf] ;a} s' / f eGg ;lsgF . e]6]/ ;a} s' /f ug]{ c7f] 6 sf ;fy kmf] gdf s] xL s' / f klg eP g . pgsf] Jo:ttfsf] sf/0fn] Tof] e]6\g] cf; klg 6fl9Fb} uof] . d}n] kmf] gdf eGy]F …ltdL;Fu e]6 ] / dgsf ;a}s'/f ug'{5 .Ú pgL ;xh} elGyg\ …s:tf] dgsf] s'/f < x'G5 e]6] /} u/f}+nf .Ú t/ e]6\g ;lsPg . Kn; 6' ;s]/ ul/jL / a]/f] huf/Lsf sf/0f
sdn ljjz du/
d ljb]lzg afWo ePF . 5ftLe/L ;hfPsf] Psf]xf]/ f] ;kgf cw'F/f] x' F b} uof] . ljb]z k' u] / klg kmf]gaf6 s'/fsfgL eO/fVof] . kmf] gaf6} ;lsg;ls eg] F …d ltdLnfO{ dg k/fpF 5' Ú pgsf] s] x L k| l tlqm of cfP g . P;PdP; u/]F k|ltpQ/df pgn] n ] v ] s L lyOg\ …lhGbuLsf] ;l6{lkms]6 t s;n] b]Vg ;S5 /, ef]ln s] s] x'G5 yfxf 5}gÚ lgs} a ] / axlsP F pgsf] P;PdP;n] . ljb] z uPsf] Psjif{ d} sDkgL 6'6]/ 3/ kmls{g] s'/f eof] . pgLljgf Psjif{ ljb] z df s;/L ljtfPF Tof] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . 3/ kmls{g] ePkl5 xQkQ kmf]g u/]/ d 3/ kmls{g] va/ ;a}eGbf klxnf pgnfO{ ;'gfPF . clnslt e]6\g] cf; knfP/ cfof] . sf7df8f} + k' u] kl5 kmf] g u/]F nfu]g . 3/ k'u]/ kmf] g u/]F ;Dks{ x'g ;s]g . 3/ k'u]sf] ef]lnkN6 ufpFs f] Pp6f d]nfdf uPF . v]ns'b sfo{qmd rn]sf] /x] 5 . ;~rfng ug] { lhDdf dnfO{ lbPsf sf/0f lbge/ dfOsdf Jo:t x' Gy] F . pgL d~ r df cfP / gd:sf/ 6qm\o fPsf] yfxf 5 . ToxL lyof]
Tof] xf] h' g km/ s km/ s jftfj/0fdf x's ]{ sf b'Od' 6' x? Ps agfP/ lhGbuLe/ lhpg ;sf] ;\ . dnfO{ dg kg'{ klg k[ys s'/f xf] Og . e] 6 eP kl5 tLgjif{ klxn] b]lvsf] a] lnlj:tf/ nufPF . pgn] klg lh GbuLsf ;'vb'Mvsf s'/f ;'gfOg\ . elgg\ …cfheGbf tLgr f/ jif{ klxn] b ] lv dg k/fpF y ] , d t s] 6L dfG5] eGg ;lsg, d} n] eg] sf] eP g/fd| f] b[li6sf]0 fn] x]Yof] { of] ;dfhn] . ltdLn] lsg klxNo} eg]gf}+ <Ú pgn] 6'?Ss} cfF;' emfl/g\ . …eGg grfx]sf] xf]Og lbn, To:tf] ;do ldn] klg eGg ;lsgF . lxhf] / cfhdf s] km/s 5 / .Ú bfofF xftsf] xTs]nfn] cfFvf ldRb} elgg\ …;do ultzLn 5, lxhf] h:tf] cfh 5}g ef]ln klg gxf]nf . cfheGbf s] lxdlxgf eg]sf] eP xfF;L xfF;L :jLsfy]{F ltd|f] k|:tfjnfO{ . ca ;lSbg . d}n] s;}sf] bjfjdf grfx]/ klg of] dg s;} nfO{ ;dlk{ t ug]{ arg kmfln;s]F . dg t sxfF lyof] / , ltdLh:tf] dfG5] nfO{ 5f]8] / c?;Fu hf]l8g . afWotf lyof], bjfj lyof]
PSsfOzf}+ ztfAbLdf cfP/ klg gf/L hfltx? csf{sf] bjfjdf k/]/ cfkm\gf] hLjg jjf{b ub}{5g\ . tkfO{x? To;f] gug'x{ f];\ . Pslbgsf] lg0f{on] hLjge/ ?g'k5{ .
d]/f] dg rf]l/Psf] tLgjif{ kl5sf] bf];|f] e]6 . p:t} lyOg\ pgL . cem hjfgL v' n ] / L cfP5 Sof/] . dfOlsª ubf{ub}{ x/fpFy]+ d . Tof] d]nfdf klg e]6]/ dgsf ;a} s'/f ug]{ jftfj/0f ldn]g . kmf]gdf ukm rNof] . c;fWo} dgk/fpF5' d}n] eg]F . pgn] c? s] s] eg] yfxf 5}g . Pp6f s'/f eg] d'6'df /ut ag]/ hd]sf] 5 . …lhGbuLdf ;a}eGbf dgkg]{ dfG5] ltdL xf} ef]ln s] s] x'G5 yfxf 5}g .Ú ef] lnsf] s' /fn] dnfO{ lgs} lk/Nof] . kmf]gdf 306f} + ukm, P;PdP; x'GYof] . ne o" n]Vy]F . pgL ;]d 6' o' n]lVyg\ c? s] n]lVyg\ Vj} . s] s] ;f]r]/ xf] s'lGg . kmf]gd} axlslGyg\ ?lGyg\ s] xL ;do . pgn] ?Gg eg]/ 9fF 6] klg /f]P/ xfF;]sf] d 5'6\ofpg ;Sy] . dnfO{ klg 5'GYof] . 3/ k'u] s f] s] xLlbgkl5 b'j}n] e]6\g] jftfj/0f ldnfof}+ . / xfd|f] e]6 Tof] PsfGt 7fpFdf eof] . 7fpFsf] JofVof ulb{gF d . ug] { cj:yfdf klg 5}g . d t JofVof u5' { lgZ5n kljqp pgsf] / d]/f] ;DaGwsf] . t/ ;do eg] k" j { sf] ;" o { 9Ns]/ klZrdsf] lIflth k'Ug nueu b' Old6/ lyof] xf]nf . ;do slt ePsf] lyof] yfxf ePg 38L klg x] l/gF d} n] . elgG5 dg kg'{ / k/fpg' s'g} gf}nf] s'/f xf]Og . gf}nf] s'/f t
ltdL lyPgf} .Ú b'j} xftsf gf8Ln] Ps} ; fy cfF ; ' k' l 5g\ . d 5fFufaf6 v;]h:tf] ePF . pgn] cem} eGb} uOg\ …dnfO{ s;}sf] bjfjdf csf{sf] agfOPsf] 5, ef] ln p;F u gftf hf] l8Pnf ghf]l8Pnf d eGg ;lSbg . d}n] ltd|f] k|:tfj :jLsf/]/ ef]ln dn fO{ h a/ h:tL p;} s f] agfOof] eg] ltdL ?G5f} d ltdLnfO{ ?jfpg rfxGg . ltdL xfF;] s f] b] V g rfxG5' . olb s;} n fO{ dg k/fpF 5 f} eg]
lIflth du/
elgxfN g' km l/ ;do eflu;S5 . csf]{ h'gL kfOG5 kfOGg yfxf 5}g . olb kfOof] eg] dnfO{ b]Vg] ljlQs} eGg', d xfF ;Lv';L :jLsfg]{5' . d]/f] cfF v fsf] cfF ; ' gfssf] vf] N ;fx' F b } wtL{ s f] ofqf /f]Hb}lyof] . PSsfOzf} + ztfAbLdf cfP/ klg csf{ sf] bjfjdf cfkm\gf] hLjg jjf{b gu/ lbn . cfkm\ gf] lhGbuLsf] lg0f{ o cfkm}n] ug'k{ 5{ . pgn] elgg\ …d p;F u ;DaGw hf] 8 \ g t rfxGg, km] l/ clxn] ltdL;Fu ;DaGw hf]8]/ ef]ln ltdLnfO{ cK7\of/f] kfg{ rfxGg . ltd|f] rf]vf] dfofsf] >fkn] ef]ln d ;8sdf eLv dfUb} lx8] sf] b]Vof] eg] Psrf]6L kms]/{ x]g{ ' d ToxL x'g5 ] ' . /ft s'ga]nf k¥of] yfxf ePg . 38L x]bf{ /ftsf] !@ alh;s]5 . pgL d]/f] sfvdf klN6P/ ?Fbl} yOg\ . d eg] Pp6f lgZsif{df k'uF ] . olb tkfOn] s;}nfO{ dgk/fpg'xG' 5 eg] elgxfNg';\ ef]lnsf] nflu g/fVg';\ ef]ln km]l/Psf] x'g5 ] /d lhGbuLsf] clGtd ;f; /x];Dd pgsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltIff ug]{ s;d vfPF . PSsfOzf} + ztfAbLdf cfP/ klg gf/L h fltx? csf{s f] bjfjdf k/]/ cfkm\gf] hLjg jjf{b ub} {5g\ . tkfOx? To;f] gug'{xf];\ . Pslbgsf] lg0f{ on] hLjge/ ?g' k5{ . ;S5f}eg] lbn, Tof] bjfj;Fu ;+3if{ u/ . cfkm\gf] lhGbuLsf] lg0f{ o cfkm} u/ . dWo/ftnfO{ yfF t L / fVb} b' j } s f] dg P s} 7 fpF d f / fv] / zl/ / cnucnu u/L 5' 6\ l6of}+ . Tof] lbgb]lv pgsf] lg0f{osf] k| ltIffdf ljjztfleq Pp6f km"n km'nfO/x] 5' pgsf] gfddf . / Tof] km"n b'j} ldn]/ ;hfpg cf; /fVb} hLjgsf] cGt geP ;Dd pg} n fO{ dfof ul//xg] c7f]6 kfn]s f] 5' . kf5fafª–#, /f]Nkf
Ps 3/, Ps rkL{ /f]Nkfjf;Lsf] ;fg, ;/;kmfO{o'Qm lhNnf xfd|f] klxrfg
rkL{ :jf:Yosf nflu, rkL{ ljsf;sf nflu rkL{ OHht, k|lti7f, cfTd;Ddfg / >i7fsf nflu
To;}n],
of] cj:yfaf6 d'Qm eO{ :j:y, zfGt, ;d[4 / k|ltli7t hLjg lhpg 3/–3/df rkL{ lgdf{0f u/L To;sf] ;b'kof]u u/f}+ .
;g\ @)!% leq /f]Nkf lhNnfnfO{ v'nf lb;fd'Qm lhNnf 3f]if0ff u/f}+ .
/d]z ;'j]bL -;j–l8lehg k|d'v_
Pjd\ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;j–l8lehg sfof{no /f]Nkf
sfsfs'n dgx?÷Aofs'n tgx? t[ lift cf]F 7x?÷ljrlnt cfFvfx? ;a} ;a} 3'OFrf]aLrsf] c:t Ao:t rf]sdf 5ftL yflk/x]sf] ;fFu'/f] sf]7 f –sfG5Lsf] k;n . k;n g} sfG5L x' g\ of sfG5L g} k;n < d]lzg g} sfG5L x'g\ of sfG5L g} d]lzg < af]s]/ ckl/eflift hLjg 8l6/xlG5g\ sfG5L cfkm\ gf] ;'gf}n f] lhhLljiffsf] vf]h Ldf . sfG5L gofF sk8f l;nfpFl5g\ t/ gofF hLjg agfpg hflGbgg\ sfG5L kmf6]sf sk8f l;nfpFl5g\ t/ kmf6]sf dg l;nfpg ;lSbgg\ sfG5L sfl6Psf 6fnfsf 6'qmf hf] 8\l5g\ t/ 6'lqmPsf efjgf hf]8\g ;lSbgg\ sfG5L c? s;}sf pkxf/df km" na'§f eg{ ;lS5g\ t/ cfkm\g} lhGbuLsf a'§fdf /ª eg{ ;lSbgg\ lhGbuL lhpg] ;Demf}tfdf ljjz sfG5L c?sf OHht / a}ej km'nfpg tof/ kfl5{g\, gofF gofF km];gsf l8hfOgx? t/ cfkm\g} b'MvL lhGbuLdf bldt ;kgfsf l8hfOg e]6fO/x]sL 5}gg\ . pgsf kfOnf rndnfpF5g\ d]lzgdf ha 5ftLleq …kf;fª Nxfd'Ú d':s' /fpF5] /, s' g} l;sf? lrqsf/sf] dxTjsf+Iffem}F pT;flxt sfG5Lsf] dgn] st{J okysf wfuf]x?;Fu r~rn efjgfsf ufF7f] x? s;]/ dgsf] lzv/ r9\g] c;kmn oTg ul5{g\ pgsf cf}nfx? ;NanfpF5g\ sk8fdfly ha cfFvfsf] gfgLd} …km\nf]/]G; gfOl6Ë]nÚ cfO a:5] /, s'g} g;{sf ljBfyL{em}F hfu?s sfG5Lsf w} o{tfn] 3fOt] ljkgfsf pkrf/ ug]{ c;kmn oTg ul5{g\ c/fhs l;of]x?n] 3f]r'g\ of ckdfgsf wfuf]x?n] a]?g\ cyjf, Oiof{sf /+ux?n] 5\o fk'g\ of 8fxsf w"gx?n] luHofpg\ clsl~rt sfG5L g}lts d"Nosf]] andf cfw'lgs l8hfOgsf a:qx? l;nfpF l5g\ /, ;Gt' li6n] k/]nLsf] ysfg nfpF l5g\ . dL7f] lgb|fsf] k'n x'Fb} sfG5L ;kgfsf] :j0f{ ;+;f/df k' lU5g\ hxfF, jif]{ofdsf] ;Kt/ª\uL OGb|wg'ifem}F PsLs[ t ePsf x' G5g\– vl08t dgx?÷ljeflht ljrf/x? hxfF, ;+/lIft au} Frfsf km"n x?em}F ;';lHht ePsf x' G5g\– :vlnt efjgfx?÷k|tfl8t hLjgx? ha sfG5L em:s]/ Ao"F emlG5g\ / Ao"Fem]/ emg} em:slG5g\ s'g} b]xJofkf/sL ;'/f ;'Gb/Lem}F lxhf] lgld{t a:qn] sfG5LnfO{ 5f8]/ sf]xL wgfWosf OHht ;hfO/x]sf] x'G5 sfG5Lsf] lal:dt ofd kms{G5 k"j{at /, pgsf] 9f]sfdf cefjx?n] 3R3Rofpg yfN5g\ s'g} la/f]w ;efdf hfg] dfG5]sf n:s/ h:t} ljjztfsf h'n'zn] sfG5Lsf] cfTdf 3]l/G5 afWotfsf ;'gfdLn] sfG5Lsf] cfFvf 3]l/G5 h;nfO{ zfGt kfg{ sfG5L ;vf/} pxL k;n p3fl5{g\ . sfsfs'n dgx?÷Aofs'n tgx? t[ lift cf]F 7x?÷ljrlnt cfFvfx? ;a} ;a} 3'OFrf]aLrsf] c:t Ao:t rf]sdf 5ftL yflk/x]sf] ;fFu'/f] sf]7 f –sfG5Lsf] k;n . /f]Nkf -n]lvPsf]M bfr'{n f, ;'b'/klZrd_
@)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/
t:jL/÷dlxnfsf s'/f
dlxnfx?åf/f ;~rflnt ;xsf/L ;kmntfsf] kfFrf} jif{df
j]/ f]h uf/L M j]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f b}lgs s}of}+ o'jfx? vf8L d'n's hfg] ub{5g\ . of] qmd a9\bf] dfqfdf 5 . g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf] s'g} ;Defjgf gePkl5 ljb]lzg' afWotf xf] . /f]Nkfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no cufl8 /fxbfgLsf nflu nfOg a;]sf oL o'jfx?sf] tfFtL x/]s lbg b]Vg ;lsG5 . tl:j/M cd/lht k'gdu/
kmd{ jf ;+:yfsf] gfd
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo dGqfno :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd (LGCDP II) lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no,/f]Nkf cfly{s tyf k|flalws k|:tfjsf] nflu cfdGq0f ul/Psf] ;"rgf -k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldlt M@)&!.)(.!#_ != :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd bf];|f] r/0f (LGCDP II) ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] Ps k|d'v sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf sfof{Gjog e}/x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo k|efjsf/L ;fdflhs kl/rfng cjnDag u/L ;'b[9 :yfgLo zf;gsf] dfWodaf6 ax'klIfo ;jfnsf] ;Daf]wg / ;fd'bflos ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofO{ ul/aL Go"lgs/0f ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . @= o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfof{Gjog ug{ :yfgLo ;]jfk|bfos(LSP)sf nflu cfzokq dfu ul/Psf]df b]xfosf kmd{ tyf ;+:yfx? ;+lIfKt ;'rLdf kg{ ;kmn ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 / of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ldltn] #! lbgsf] !@=)) ah]leq k|:tfj k]z ug'{x'g cfdGq0f ul/Psf] 5 . tkl;n != u| fld0f ljsf; g]kfn, /f]Nkf @= ;fd'bflos ljsf; ;+:yf, /f]Nkf #= hg;/f]sf/ ;]jf s]Gb|, /f]Nkf $= blntdlxnf ;r]t gf s]Gb|, /f]Nkf %= u|f ld0f ljsf; tyf r]tgf ;dfh g]kfn, /f]Nkf ^= dfgjclwsf/ ;r] tg s]Gb|, /f]Nkf &= hg;]jf s]Gb| g]kfn, /f]Nkf *= ljsf; ;/f]sf/ ;dfh g]kfn, /f]Nkf (= ;g:6f/ o'jf Sna, /f]Nkf
hfgsf/Lsf nfluM df]afOn g+=M (*$&*^*)*%, kmf]g g+= )*^–$$)@*( , km\ofS;M )*^–$$)!!$
#= ;+l IfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf OR5's ;]jf k|bfos kmd{ tyf ;+:yfn] lga]bg ;fy @)&@ ;fn c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] ;+:yf gjLs/0f, cf=a=@)&).&! sf] s/ r'Stf k|df0f kq, d"No clea[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnkL ;+nUg /fvL tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq lga]bg lbPdf k|:tfjssf] 9f+rf (RFP) / ug'{kg]{ sfo{;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ laj/0f TOR (Terms of Reference)df pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . pQm TOR (Terms of Reference) o; sfof{nosf] ;DalGwt zfvfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 jf o; sfof{nosf] website af6 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;lsg]5 . $= ;+l IfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf OR5's kmd{ tyf ;+:yfn] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k| sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #! cf}+ lbgsf] !@M)) ah] leq k|flalws / cfly{ s k|:tfj cnucnu vfddf /fvL l;naGbL u/L k|To]s vfdsf] aflx/ s'g k|sf/sf] -k|flalws jf cfly{s_ k|:tfj xf] ;f] :ki6?kn] pNn]v u/L b'a} k|:tfjnfO{ csf]{ 5'6\6} vfddf aGbL u/L o; sfof{n odf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . Dofb gf3L cyjf l/t gk'uL k|f Kt x'g cfPsf] k|flalws tyf cfly{ s k|:tfa pk/ s'g] sf/afxL x'g] 5}g . %= btf{ x'g cfPsf k|flalws / cfly{s k|:tfa of] ;"rgf k| yd k6s k|sflzt ;"rgf ldltn] #! cf}+ lbgsf] @M)) ah] k|:tfabftf jf lghsf] k|ltlgwLsf] /f]xa/df vf]lng] 5 . t/ k|:tfabftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . ^= d"Nof+sgsf nflu k|fljlws k|:tfj dfq vf]lng] 5 . cfly{ s k|:tfj k|fljlws k| :tfjsf] glthfsf] cfwf/df dfq vf] lng] 5 . k|fljlws k| :tfjsf] cfwf/df vf]Ng cfjZos g7flgPsf] cfly{s k|:tfj !% lbgleq ;DalGwt ;+:yfnfO{ g} lkmtf{ k7fpg ;lsg]5 . &= k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 lglZrt ah]6 k|0ffnL cGtu{t ul/g]5 . * ;]jfk|bfossf nflu k]z ul/g] k|fljlws tyf cfly{ s k|:tfjsf] dfWod efiff c+u|]hL tyf g]kfnL b'j} dWo] s' g} Ps x'g' kg]{5 . (= d"Nof+sgsf] glthfaf6 ;]jfk|bfossf ?kdf 5gf}6 ePsf kmd{ jf ;+:yfn] !% lbgleq ;Demf}tf ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L ;Demf} tf ePsf ;] jfk|bfos ;+ :yfnfO{ ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{ljlw @)&! Afdf]l hd ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 . !)= of] ;"rgfdf 5'6 x'g uPsf cGo ;t{x? / ljlwx? TOR df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . !!= ;a} k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf] glthfjf/] o; sfof{ nosf] ;"rgf kf6L jf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 . o; 5gf}6 k|lqmof sf/0f b]vfO{ jf gb]vfO{ s'g} klg ;do /2 ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;df gk/]sf cGo s'/fx? ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g @)^#, ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL @)^$ / k|rlnt sfg'g cg';f/ x'g]5 .
yk hfgsf/Lsf nfluM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, /f]Nkf cfly{s k|zf;g, ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvf
à ;g:6f/ ;dfrf/bftf
/f] Nkfsf] ;b/d'sfd / cf;kf;sf uflj;n fO{ sfo{ I f] q agfpF b} lqmofzLn /x]sf] ;[hgzLn s[lif dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+ : yfn] cfkm\ g f] ;kmntfsf] kfrf} + jif{ kf/ub}{ ;f]xL cj;/df ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . /f]Nkf lhNnfdf @)^^ ;fn df :yfkgf eP sf] ;xsf/L ;+ : yfn ] dlxn f
e08f/0fsf nflu ejg ;d]t lgdf{ 0f u/]sf] ;xsf/L ;+ :yfn] lhNnfsf ljleGg If] q dfq} geP/ lhNnf aflx/ ;d] t ds}ljp lgof{t ub}{ cfO{/ x]sf] 5.\ ar t tyf C0fsf] sf/f] af/ ;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] o; ;xsf/Ln] ;x'lnot b/df s} +of]+ dlxnfo' j fx?nfO{ :j/f] h uf/ ;d]t agfpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . kfrf}+ jflif{ s ;fwf/0f;efsf]
a9fpg] ePsfn] To;df nfUg cfu| x ug' { eof] . ;+ : yfsf ;lrj b] jL u'? ªn] jflif{ s k|ltj]bg k|:t' t ub}{ ;+ :yfsf s'n /sd %@ nfv %^ xhf/ & ;o ^% ?k}+of bfloTj / ;DklQ /x] sf] atfpg' eof] . ;+ : yfsf] gfkm f gf] S ;fgL lx;fj % nfv #$ xhf/ # ;o *$ /x]sf] 5 . $@ xhf/ & ;o @% z]o/ nfef+; /x]sf] 5 pQm /sdaf6 @) k|ltzt
;zlQms/0fsf ljleGg kf6f]df sfo{ qmdx? ;Grfng ub} { cfPsf] 5 . dWo klZrdfGrn If]qdf pTs[i6 ePafkt vfB ;'/Iffsfo{qmddf k'/:s[t Pjd\ ;Ddflgt ;d]t eO;s]sf] 5 . ev{/ }dfq ;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{ no bfªaf6 ;Ddflgt eP sf] ;+ : yfn ] ljleGg ef}lts lgdf{0f tyf ;fd'lxs sfo{ / ljleGg ljsf;d'ns sfo{ q m ddf ;xeflu x' F b } cfPsf] 5 . xfn ;xsf/L ;+ :yfn] cfly{ s jif{ @)&)÷&! df #* xhf/ ^ ;o !& ?k}+of cfDbfgL ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;' ? jftdf @% hgfsf] ;d"xdf cfj4 x'Fb} xfn %) hgf z]o/ ;b:o, % hgf k'?if ;N n fxsf/ / ^% h gf afnart ;d] t /x]s f] o; ;xsf/Lsf] cfkm\ g } ejg, cb'jf k|zf]wgsf nflu s]Gb| ;d]t lgdf{0f eO;s]s f] 5 . ds} ljp pTkfbgaf6 ks]6 P l/ of lgdf{ 0 f u/ ] s f] /
pb\ 3 f6 gsf cj;/ df lhNnfdf /x]sf ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xsf/Lsf] p2]Zo cg';f/sf] sfd ug{ al/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t lszf]/ kGtn] cfu|x ug'{eof] . cfO{taf/ ;[hgzLn s[lif dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] kfFrf} jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] d}galQ afn] / pb\ 3f6g ub} { pxfF n ] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] gLlt lgoddf /x] / cu| ; / ePdf gd" g f ;xsf/L aGg]df hf]8 lbg'eof] . kGtn] Joj;flos s[lif tkm{ nfUg k|l/t ub} { k|fljlws ;Lk 1fg sfof{ n on] s[ifsx?sf] 3/ 3/d} k' ¥ofpg] k| ltj4tf AoQm ug' {eof] . xfn s[ l if ljsf; sfof{ n o dfkm{ t\ cg' b fgsf ljleGg tflnd / sfo{qmdx? k|bfg e}/x]sf] atfpFb} ;~rf/ dfWodsf] ;d] t ;xf/f lng s[ ifsx?nfO{ cfu| x ug' { eof] . lhNnfsf ljleGg ldl8ofaf6 k| ; f/0f e} / x] s f ;" r gfx?n] s[ i fsx?sf] dgf] a } 1 flgstf
nfef+; ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . cWoIf lx/ f 3n ] s f] cWoIftfdf eP sf] sfo{ qmddf lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+ 3 sf Joj:yfks emUu' kf]v|]n n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljsf;sf nflu Pstfsf] ckl/ xfo{ t f ePsf] cf}+Nofpg' eof] . lh N nfsf] pTs[ i 6 dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+ :yf eP afkt l8leh g sfof{ n o bfªn] ;d] t\ ;Ddfg u/] s f] s'/fnfO{ hf]8\ b} pxfFn] o;/L g} lhNnfdf gd"gf sfo{ ub}{ cl3 a9\ g ;'emfj lbg'eof] . pb\ 3 f6 gdf ;fd' b flos xf] d :6] s f cWoIf xl/hË u'? ª, ;+ :yfsf ;Nnfxsf/ kxnaxfb'/ u'?ª, lbnaxfb'/ u'?ª nufotn] af]Ng' eof] . sfo{qmddf u' ?ª ;dfh;] jL k'/0f u'?ª, ;Grfns ;ldlt, n] v f ;ldlt, C0f ;ldlt, z]o / ;b:o, afn ;d" xsf k| l tlglw n ufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
o'jf:j/f]huf/ ====
e}+;Lkfng, t/sf/L v]tL, yafªlt/ u|fp08 PKkn, h8La'6L nufotsf] ;Defjgf / o:t} If]qut ?kdf s[lif tyf kz'kfng ug] {xf] eg] /fd|f] ;Defjgf 5 . cGtdf s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 < o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifn]
b]zdf /x]sf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{ :j/f]huf/ agfO{ b]zd} :yflkt u/fpg rfx]sf] 5 . o; sf]ifsf] pRr d"Nof+s g ub}{ sf]ifsf] gLlt lgod / lalwk|lqmof cg'?k ;xsf/L ;+:yf, a}+s lalQox?n] shf{ nufgL ug]{ / a]/f] huf/ o'jfx?n] o;nfO{
clwstd ;b'kof]u u/]/ :j/f] huf/ u/] of] sf]if b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] cfwf/lznf x'g] b] lvG5 . To;}n ] shf{sf] ;b'kof]u ug'{ h?/L 5 . ;fy} d]/f] egfO{ /fVg' ePsf]df tkfO{ / klqsfnfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfb JoQm ub5'{ .
;fdflhs s'l/tLsf lj?4 Psh'6 xf]cf}+ .
ljljw
@)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/
/fKtL va/ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ dfgj k|f0fLsf] ?kdf ckl/xfo{ yflgPsf] k|s[lt k|bQ clwsf/nfO{ dfgjclwsf/sf ?kdf lnOG5 . cfhsf] ljZjn] kl/eflift u/]sf] dfgjclwsf/sf ljifox?df d' n tM gful/s tyf /fhg} l ts clwsf/, ;fdflhs, ;f+ :s[ lts clwsf/ / ;fd'lxs clwsf/ x'g\ . cfw'lgs ;dfhsf] s]Gb|ljGb' dfgj ePsf]n] h'g;'s} kl/l:yltdf klg JolQmsf] cl:tTjsf] ;Ddfg / dfgjk| lt dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ ug'{ g} dfgj clwsf/sf] cfwf/ e" t cfjwf/0ff xf] . o;}n] ;a} j} rfl/s, / fh g} l ts P jd\ ;f+ : s[ l ts ;Ldfx?sf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm eO{ dfgj ;'vsf] lglDt vf]h L ul/Psf] ljz]if cfGbf] ng xf] eGg'df s'g} cTo'lQm gxf] nf . %%^) jif{sf] dfgj Oltxf;df !$ xhf/ % ;o #! hlt n8fO{
ljutem}+ cfh klg hgtfn] :jtGq gful/s ;dfh tyf dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?nfO{ nf]stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ ultzLn, ;j{;n ' e, Gofolk|o agfpg] a}slNks dfWodsf] ?kdf x]/]sf 5g\ . nl8P5 . h;n] dfgj ;dfhdf k' ¥ ofPsf] ljgfz tyf k| y d tyf lålto ljZj o' 4n] % s/f]8 eGbf a9L JolQmsf] xTof x' F b f dfgj hfltsf] cGt/;+ : s/0fdf r f] 6 k'¥ofPsf] 5 o;}n] sfg'gL zf;gåf/f dfgj clwsf/ ;+ / lIft x' g'k5{ . dfgjsf] dfg ;Ddfg / cljl5Gg clwsf/sf] dfGotfnfO{ ;'b [ 9 ug{ :jtGq Gofo / zflGt g} dfgjclwsf/sf cfwf/lznf x' g\ eGg] tYonfO{ cfw' l gs ljZjn] dfg]sf] 5 .
à
z]v/ zdf{
;+ o ' Q m / fi6« ; + 3 :yfkgf ePkZrft ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] kxndf dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+ / If0fsf nflu ljleGg 3f]if0ffkq, dxf;lGw cg'af]w / k| : tfjx? kfl/ t u/ L dfgjclwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ Pp6f cfGbf] ngsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fOPsf] b]lvG5 . o;} ;Gbe{ df g] kfndf g] kfn dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7g s'g} /fhgLlts bn;F u c;Da4 / nfe lg/k] I f /xg]u/L hgtfsf ;du| tyf PsLs[t ?kdf dfgjclwsf/ Pjd\ df} lns clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gdf hf]8 lbg] ;Dk" 0 f{ /fhaGbLx?sf] tyf cGt/;+ :s/0fsf aGbLx?sf] ljgf;t{ d' lQm / oftgf Pjd\ d[ T o' b 08sf] pGd'n gsf nflu ;+3if{ / t x' F b } ;a} k|sf/sf s'?k dfgljo ckdfghgs Jojxf/sf] k|lt/f]w ug]{ 5l/tf] , ;'ne Pjd\ lgZkIf Gofosf] dfu ug] { nf] s tGq Pjd\ sfg' gsf] zf;gsf] k| flKt / ;+ :If0fsf nflu sfo{ ug] {, ;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ; + 3 sf dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL ;Dem f} t f, k| : tfj, dxf;lGwx?nfO{ dfGotf lbO{ g] kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos bjfj lbg dfgljo d"Nok|lt ;Da]bgzLn kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbg] cflb p2]Zo af]s ]s f] of] ;+ : yfsf] :yfkgf s7f] / k~rfotL Joj:yfsfn @)$% df3 @% ut] sf lbg ePsf] xf] . xfn o;sf zfvf tyf pkzfvf u/L g] kfnsf w]/} lhNnf tyf gu/x?df u7g ePsf] 5 . ljutdf eP sf] dfcf] j fbL h go' 4 sf] lzn lznfdf 36] s f] lx+ ; fTds tyf k| l tlx+ ; fTds ultljlwn ] g] k fn sf] ev{ / sf] k|hftflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ vnaNofPsf] lyof] . h'g s'/f] dfgj clwsf/sf]
6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf ePg nflu 7"nf] r"gf}tLsf] ?kdf pkl:yt ePsf] lyof] . Psftkm{ ;/sf/n] dfcf] jfbLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ gfpF df dfgjclwsf/k|lt k|ltj4 Ps ;Eo tyf ;';+ :s[ t /fHonfO{ g;' xfpg] bdgfTds gLlt ckgfPsf] lyof] eg] csf] {tkm{ dfcf] jfbLaf6 km/s dt / fVg] x ?n fO{ / fHosf ljljw ;fwgx?nfO{ cfkm\ gf] lx+;f ef} lts cft+ s tyf cfly{ s cft+ s sf] lgzfgf ag]sf lyP . o:tf ljljw vfn] lqmofsnfkn] k' g M:yflkt k|hftGqsf] k|fyldstf tyf uGtAo klg cf]em]ndf k/] sf] lyof] . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf lbSs ePsf hgtfn] cfzf ug] { 7fpF g} dfgjclwsf/ ;+ : yfx? / k| ] ; x' G Yof] . dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+ :yfx?n] klg cfkm\gf] ana'6fn] EofPsf] 7fpF df ;lqmo eO{ sfd uy]{ . ljutem} + cfh klg hgtfn] :jtGq gful/ s ;dfh tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+ : yfx?nfO{ nf] stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ ultzLn, ;j{;'ne, Gofolk|o agfpg] a}slNks dfWodsf] ?kdf x]/]sf 5g\ . o;} n ] dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?n] x/]s lsl;dsf ;+ ls0f{tfaf6 d'Q m eP/ :jtGq / lgZkI f 5jL, ljZj;lgotf, ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf / Jofkstf tyf j} r fl/s kl/kSjtfdf a[ l4 ub} { dfgjclwsf/ sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffnfO{ lj;+ ulto'Qm cj:yfaf6 dfgjclwsf/o' Qm pHofnf] ;dfh / ;Eotfsf] ofqfsf] nflu cfjZos tof/L ;lxt dfgj clwsf/sf] cfGbf] ngdf ;l/s ePdf xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfh cem ;' G b/ zflGtn ] uf}/jflGjt x'GYof] ls <
cgnfOg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf nflu xfd|f ;]jfx?M sDKo'6/ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? ljqmL, 8]:s6k sDKo'6/, Nofk6k ljqmL tyf dd{t, lk|G6/, kmf]6f]skL ljqmL tyf dd{t, lk|G6/ 6f]g/ l;kmlnª, g]6jls{ª ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? ul/G5 .
hfF8sf] 3\ofDkf]leq Pp6f d';f] v;]5, d';f]M arfpm, arfpm sf]xL 5 < la/fnf]M Dofpm Dofpm ==== d';f]M la/f]nf] bfO{ dnfO{ arfpm, dnfO{ of] hfF8sf] 3\ofDkf]af6 lgsfn g == d hfF8df 8'a]/ dg{ rfxGg ===. a? dnfO{ aflx/ lgsfn]/ vfpm . of] d]/f] afrf eof] ltdL;Fu . lKnh x]Nk, la/fnf]n] a8f] d"l:snn] d';f]nfO{ hfF8sf] 3\ofDkf]af6 lgsfn]5 . lgl:sg] ljlQs} d';f] v'?? b'nf]leq l5/]5 . la/fnf]M -l/;fpFb}_ ;fn] d';f cl3 afrf u/]sf] xf]Og, aflx/ cfOh d tFnfO{ gvfOsg sxfF 5f]8\5' / . d';f]M -b'nf]leqaf6_ cf] la/fnf] bfO{, cl3 hfF8 vfPsf] a]nfdf s] s] elgof] s] s] ca ltdL cfkm\gf] af6f] nfu] x'G5 dfOG8 gu/ n .
lnafª–^, /f]Nkf k|f=] lj/]Gb| >]i7, (*$&*%)$)$
-;;_ /f]N kf . /fª\;L ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] cf=j=@)&@÷&# sf] P3f/f}+ ufpF kl/ifb\ cfO{taf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf uflj;sf $ j6f /fhgLlts bnn] Jofg/ vf]n]/ pb\3f6g u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . kl/ifb\ df k'+hLut s'n ah]6 @% nfv %& xhf/ rfn'ut $ nfv %# xhf/ / cf+lzs ah]6 %) xhf/ lalgof]lht ul/Psf] 5 . k'hLut @! nfv $) xhf/ xhf/, nlIft ju{df ( nfv #@ * ?k}of @) cfly{s ;dflhds ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df & nfv ^@ xhf/ ^!!, k|j{4gfTds sfo{qmddf # nfv % xhf/ $$ ?k}of, s[lif jg tyf jftf/0fdf @ nfv &)
6«flkms lgodsf] kfngf gx'Fb f rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] tLg dlxgfdf ! xhf/ % ;o ;jf/L ;fwg sf/jfxLdf k/]s f 5g\ . lhNNff 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no Ko"7fgsf] tYofª\s cg';f/ ;fpgdf $ ;o %), ebf} df $ ;o %) / c;f]hdf ^ ;o ;jf/L ;fwg sf/jfxLdf k/]sf x'g\ . ;fpgdf @ ;o $& df]6/;fO{sn, $$ a;, $^ 6«s, && lhk / #^ j6f 6«ofS6/ sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] sfof{ nosf 6««flkms k|x/L lbks yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbP . yfkfn] eg], …/fhZj :j?k ! nfv $ xhf/ & ;o ?k} ofF ;+sng ePsf] 5 .Ú To:t} lhNnfdf lta| ultsf
sf/0f hf]lvd al9/x] sf]a]nf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] lta| ultnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ult dfkg oGq …/f8/ugÚ sf] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . lta| ultn] ;–;fgf b' 3{6gf e}/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;Defljt 7"nf b'3{6 gf x'gaf6 hf]ufpg /f8/ug cfjZos ag]sf] 5 . …;Defljt b'3{6 gf lgoGq0fsf nflu …/f8/ugÚ cfjZos 5 .Ú lhNnf 6«flkms sfof{no b]lj:yfgsf lgldQ k|d'v z]/axfb'/ yfkfn] eg], …lhNnfdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ult lgoGq0f ug{ 6fO{dsf8{ nfu' ul/b}F 5 .Ú cfjZos hgzlQm cefjsf sf/0f k|efjsf/L ;]jf lbg g;lsPsf] yfkfsf] egfO{ 5 .
cd/lht k'g du/ . dlxnf :jod\;] ljsfx?nfO{ ;zQm agfpg / cfdf ;' / Iff sfo{ qmdnfO{ yk k| efjsf/L agfpg /f] N kfsf] Ps uflj;df :jod;] l jsfx?nfO{ df]jfOn ljt/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . /f]N kfsf] blIf0fL If] qdf /x]s f] g' j fufpF uflj;sf dlxnf :jod ;] ljsfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] df]jfOn ljt/0f ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 . /]l8of] hnhnfåf/f cfof]lht :jf:Yo ;] j f ;DaGwL ;fj{ h lgs ax;df ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] xf] . ufpF3/df cem} :jf:Yorf}sLdf ;'Ts]/ L u/fpg]sf] ;+Vof Go"g /x]sfn]
:jf:Yorf}sL;Dd ;a}sf] ;dod} kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo ;lxt of] sfo{ yfNg nfluPsf] :jf:Yorf} s L Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf s[i0faxfb'/ 8fFuLn] atfP . pgsf cg' ; f/ ;ldltsf] lgoldt a} 7 s a;L cfdflzz' :jf:Yosf nflu r] tgfd"ns sfo{qmd cleofgs} ?kdf nlug]5 . r]tgf cefjs} sf/0f ljleGg ;d:of cfPsf] / To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu klg r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf] cfjZos k/]sf] 8fFuLsf] egfO{ 5 . t/ :yfgLon] :jf:Yorf}sLdf s] s] ;'ljwf 5 eGg] s'/fdf ;d]t cfkm"x? cglj1 /x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
- ; ; _ / f ] N k f . u' ? ª ;d'bfosf] 7"nf] kj{ Nxf];f/sf] cj;/ kf/L ;| i6f rf}tf/Lsf] @( cf}+ z[ª\vnf lnafªsf] u'?ªufpF df ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . u' ? ªufpF l :yt bxr f} / df cfof] l ht d] n fdf /rgf ;' g fpg lhNnfsf ;flxTosf/x? ToxfF k'u]sf lyP . lh N n fsf ;/ sf/L tyf u} / ;/sf/L ;+ :yfsf k| d' v x?;lxt /f]Nkf If] q g+= ! sf ;efifb\ s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fnufot d] nfdf ;xefuLx?dfem /f] N kfsf ;| i6fx?n] cfkm\ gf /rgf ;' g fPsf lyP . sljtf, uhn,
d' Q msdfkm{ t\ s' ; L{ s f] v] n 5f8] / ;dod} ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ ;efifb\nfO{ ;'emfj lbP . nf]s cfnf] s , 8L=aL= 6' x' /f] , uf}/Lls/0f 8fFuL, k'/0f If]qL, cf]d kG5L, czf]s jnL, uug /f] sfo b} n] vL, dfgl;+x ljs, nf]s ]Gb| ;] g, sdnf ljw'du/, sdn ljjz du/nufotn] cfcfkm\gf /rgf jfrg u/]sf lyP . /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\ lhNnf zfvf, /f]Nkfsf] cfof]hgfdf x/]s dlxgfsf] !% ut] ;~rfng x' Fb } cfPsf] o; z[ ª\ vnfsf] ;+of]hg nlnt ;flxTo kl/ifb\, /f]Nkfn] u/]sf] xf] .
xhf/, lhlj; sG6]Gh]G;L !% xhf/ & ;o *), uflj; sG6]Gh]G;L *# xhf/ % ;o @* ?k}of, @ j6f emf]n '+u] k'n / pkfksf] Doflrª km08df # nfv !) xhf/, rfn'ut pkef]u vr{ @ nfv (( xhf/, a}7s eQf !* xhf/, k|f]T;fxg eQf @ nfv !) xhf/, dn]k vr{ !@ xhf/, ;~rf/df ^ xhf/, klqsf * xhf/, sfof{no ;~rfng %* xhf/ % ;o &) ?k}of, lj1fkg vr{ !) xhf/, kl/ifb\ vr{ %, a}7 s vr{ !) xhf/, rfn' cg'bfg cfly{s ;xfotf ( xhf/, ;]jf vr{ e|d0f vr{ $% xhf/ xhf/ ljlgof]lht u/]sf] 5 . sfo{ qmddf /fhgLlts bn tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . jQmfx?n]
jh]6nfO{ ;xL tl/sfaf6 kl/rfng ug'{kg] {df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf uflj; ;lrj bofaxfb'/ a'9fdu/sf] cWoIftf /x]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L /f]Nkfsf] /fª\sf]6 uflj;sf] ;ftf}+ ufpF kl/ifb\ kf}if @! ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . uflj; ;lrj Pjd cWoIf nId0f s];Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdn] laleGg lzif{sdf ah]6 lalgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . lhlj; x'Fb} uflj;;Ddsf nflu cfPsf] ah]6nfO{ nlIft lgb]{lzsf cg';f/g} lalgof]hg ul/Psf] atfO{Psf] 5 . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo /fhgLlts bnsf ;fy} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
à Kof/ cln vfFg
km]; 6s÷ljljw
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lqmoflzntfsf] ===
;flxlTos ;|i6f sdn ljjz du/;Fu ;Gr} x'g 'x 'G 5 < afFr]s} 5' . ljb]z hfg'e Psf] xf]Og, ot} kf] b]l vg'x 'G5 t < xh'/, uPsf] lyPF t/ kmls{xfn]F . lsg l56\6 } kms]{s f] t < sDkgL 6'6]/ kms]{sf] lg . gx'g]nfO{ t sxL+ uPgL gx'g] /}5 . p;f]e P s] 5 casf] Knfg < ufpF kms]{sf] ! dlxgfdfq ePsf] 5, tTsfn To:tf] Knfg s]xL 5}g . d+l;/ t uof] Sof/], hf8f] ;do klg hfnfh:tf] 5 ljx] s}n] ug]{ lg < xf==xf== cem} nug h'¥of 5}g, d klg vf]lhd} 5' . t/ c? d+l;/ klg hfg] x'g\ ls eGg] 8/ 5 . clxn];Dd slt;Fusf] k|]d k|:tfj v]/ uof] < w]/}nfO{ k|:tfj} /flvPg clg s;/L v]/ hfcf];\ . Pp6L;Fu ;'?b]lv clxn];Dd rln/f5, st} v]/hfG5 ls eGg] 8/ kf] nfU5 . cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 k|]dLsf] e"ldsf /fd|};Fu lgjf{x ul//f5' . s]xL ;d:ofx? klg 5g\ . s]6 Lx?n] k|:tfj u/] ls u/]gg\ < Psb'Ohgfn] u/]sf lyP, t/ jf:tf ul/Pg . rf/kfFrj6f aRrf ePsf] dlxnfn] d]/f] >Ldfg oxL xf] eg]/ tkfOnfO{ l;sfPkl5 s] ug'{x 'GYof] < xf==xf== s] ug'{ lg . d t a]xf]; x'Gy]F . ;f]w]s} 7fpFdf cf]5\ofg} gnfO{ dHhfn] ;'Ty]F . xf==xf== tkfOsf] ;flxTo l;h{g fsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 < ;fdfGo g} egf}+ . h]g6]g rn]s} 5 . @)^( ;fndf sljtf ;+u|x lgsfn]F, To;kl5 c? b'Oj6f ;fd'l xs uhns[lt cfpg] tof/Ldf 5g\ . To;nuQ} d'Qms ;+u|x lgsfNg] ls eGg] of]hgfdf 5' . s:tf] cj:yfdf ;flxTo l;h{gf ug'{x 'G5 < h'g s'/fn] cfkm"nfO{ 5'G5 clg dg kufN5 Tolta]nf cln w]/} n]V5' . slxn]sfFxL /f]dflG6s d'8df klg l;h{gf x'g] u5{g\ . hLjg s] xf] h:tf] nfU5 < hLjg Pp6f ;'v b'Mvsf] ;femf rf}tf/L xf] h:tf] nfU5 / ;+3if{sf] vfgL klg xf] . ;+3if{ljgfsf] hLjg c;Dej 5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf cGof}ntf 5, tkfO{ k|wfgdGqL jf ;efd'v ePsf] eP of] cGof}ntfnfO{ lrg{ s] ug'{x 'GYof] < Pp6f JolQmn] u/]/ x'Fb}g clxn] h] eO/x]sf] 5 ToxL x'GYof] xf]nf . t/ ;xdlt u/ eg]/ bnx?nfO{ Pp6f sf]7fdf nu]/ tfNrf nufOlbGy] xf==xf== gfRg slQsf] cfpF5 < xf==xf== clncln gflrG5 . klxn] t gflrGYof] cfhef]ln x8\8L s8f eP5 v'lDrGg . t/ dg k5{ . cfkm"n] rfx]/ klg ug{ g;s]s f] sfd s] 5 < cfdfafpsf] OR5f k'/f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . cfkm\gf] OR5f t emg\ stf xf] stf .
;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd ;lxt kj{ dgfPsf u' ? ª ;d' b fon ] ;/ f] s f/ jfnf lgsfosf] Wofgcfsif{ 0 f ;d] t u/fpg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] hgk| ltlglw P jd\ ;ef;b, lhN n fsf lg0ff{o s txdf /x] sf ;Dk" 0f{ / fh g} l ts bn sf k| d ' v , ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+ : yf, kqsf/x?sf] ;xeflutfdf cf} k rfl/ s sfo{qmd ub}{ cfkm\gf] ;d'b fosf] pTyfgsf nflu Wofgfsif{ 0 f ;d] t u/fP . sfo{ q m ddf ;xeflutf h gfpF b } o; ;d' b fosf] pTyfgsf nflu ;a}n] cfcfkm\gf] If]q / txaf6 ;xof] u ug] { k| l tj4 tf ;xeflux?n] u/] . lh N nfsf O{ s fO{ sld6Lsf k| ltlglw / lhNnf kl/ifb\sf k|ltlglwx?n] ljleGg % a' Fb ] dfu ;lxt 1fkg kq s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f ;fd' k] z u/] . Nxf];f/sf] cj;/df kl/ifb\s} lgdGq0ffdf /f] Nkf cfpg' ePsf k" j { pk–k| w fg tyf u[ xdGqL Pjd\ ! g+ = lgjf{ r g If] qsf ;ef;b\ s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fnfO{ kl/ifbn] 1fkg–kq a' emfpF b } u'?ª ufpFdf df]6 /af6f] lgdf{0f, ufpF leq k} b n ofqLsf nflu af6f] ;f] lnª ug] {, Eo" 6fj/ lgdf{ 0 f, u' D af lgdf{ 0 f tyf vfg] kfgLsf nflu kxn ug{ cg'/ f]w u/]sf lyP . 1fkg– kq a' em\b} dx/fn] Eo" 6fj/ / u'Daf lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf cufl8 al9;s] s fn] o;} cfly{ s jif{ l eq sfd yfn gL x' g ] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn ] cGo dfux?nfO{ klg qmdzM k|lqmofdf cufl8 a9fpg] cfZjf;g lbg'eof] . ;ef;b\ dx/fn] Nxf] ;f/ kj{ g] k fnLsf] ;fF : s[ l ts gLlw eP sf] eGb} o;kj{ s f] cj;/df ;a} df z' e sfdgf ;d]t JoQm ug'{ eof] . ;a} wd{ ;+:s[ ltnfO{ km" Ng] kmNg] cj;/ klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+ 3Lotfn] dfq lbg] eGb} dx/fn] olx klxrfgsf] ;+ : yfut arfj6sf nflu cfkm"x? ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] sltko bnn] Tof] s'/f :jLsf/ ug{ g;s] s f] cf/ f] k nufpg'eof] . d'n 'ssf ;a} ;d'bfon] cfkm\ gf]kgdf /dfpg kfpg'kg]{df dx/fsf] hf]8 lyof] . pxfFn ] u' ?ª ;d' bfosf] lqmofzLntf tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ x ?df b] l vPsf] cu| ; /tfn] cfkm" xlif{ t ePsf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{ qmddf lalzi6 cf;gaf6 af]Nb} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L n ' s axfb' / I f] q Ln ] ;a}
ljleGg ;]jf Pp6} 5fgfd"lg, ;]jf ug]{ df}sf lbg'xf];\ . xfd| f ;]j fx?M kmf]6f]u|f kmL, kf;kf]6{ kmf]6f] , kmf/d eg]{ kmf]6f], gful/stf kmf] 6f], ljz]if cfsif{0 fM kl/rokq kmf]6f], kmf]6f] k|m]ldª tyf n]ldg]zg, kmf]6 f] lk|G 6, MRP kmf/d eg] {, ljleGg lsl;dsf :6] zg/L ;fdfu|Lx?, ljleGg lukm\6x?, k|df0fkq l8hfOg÷/ª\uLg tyf ;fbf lk|G 6, k|df0fkq k| m]ldª÷n]ldg]z g, kl/rokq l8hfOg÷lk| G6÷n]ldg]zg, Jofh l8hfOg÷lk|G 6÷sel/ª, ;fOa/ ;]jf, 6fOlkª / lk|lG6ª, lstfa afOlG8ª, :kfO/n afOlG8ª, :Soflgª / lk|lG6ª, g]6 ;]jf -Od]n, OG6/g]6_, kmf]6f]skL
ldlg sn/ Nofj -/ª\ uLg kmf]6f] rfx]s} ;dodf ;'ky d"Nodf lk|G6 x'g]_
;d'bfosf] ;fDk|b flostf x'g'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . To:t} ljsf; clwsf/L bL3{ axfb'/ kf]v| ]n n] z'esfdgf JoQm ub}{ ;d'b fosf] pTyfgsf nflu lhlj; /f]Nkfn] ;d]t ;xof] u ub} { cfPsf] / cfufdL lbgdf klg k"0 f{ ?kdf ;xof] u ug] { k| ltj4tf AoQm ug'{ eof] . sfo{qmddf td' Kx] Nx' F ;+ 3 sf s] G b| L o ;b:o OGb| a xfb' / td' , 7pjf td' , uf]kfn td', >Lk|;fb td' nufot kf]v/faf6 ;+:sf/, ;+ :s[ ltsf] pTyfgsf n flu /f] N kf cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . To:t} g] k fn L sf+ u | ] ; /f] N kfsf ;efklt s[ i0faxfb' / 3tL{ , Pdfn] /f]N kfsf cWoIf xl/k| ;fb 3tL{ / Pdfcf] j fbL /f]Nkfsf ;lrj k"0f{ s];Ln] klg z' e sfdgf AoQm ub} { td' ;d' b fosf] lqm oflzntfdf cfkm" x?sf] ;w} ;fy /xg] atfpg' e of] . sfo{ q m ddf u} / ;/ sf/L ;+ : yf dxf;+ 3 /f]Nkfsf cWoIf laPg cfrfo{, pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+ 3 /f]N kfsf cWoIf lszf]/ cfrfo{ , g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 /f]Nkfsf ;lrj O{ Z j/L lh P d n ufotn ] z'esfdgf dgtJo lbg' eof] . sfo{ q mddf b] j LbQ u0fsf lgldQ, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no k| d ' v , cg' ; Gwfg k| d ' v , lhN nfsf ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{ n osf k| d ' v P jd\
k| l tlglwx?, u} / ;/ sf/ L sfof{n osf k|ltlglw, kqsf/ nufotsf] cfltYotf /x] s f] lyof] . Nxf] ;f/sf] cj;/df td' ;d' b fosf aof] a [ 4 *# jifL{o sfzL/fd td' / *# jifL{o Zofdsn L td' : of] n fO{ bf] ; Nnfx cf] 9 fP/ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} u/L Nxf] ; f/ kj{ s } cj;/df u?ª /fli6«o kl/ifb\ /f] N kfn ] u' ? ª ;d' b fosf] clwsf/ / xf]d:6] k|a4{gsf nflu kqsfl/tf If]qaf6 dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg lbPsf] eGb} gful/s b}lgssf lx/faxfb'/ 3tL{du/ / /]l8of] hnhnf tyf ;g:6f/ ;fKtflxssf ;x;Dkfbs b]jL u'?ªnfO{ ;Ddfg kqn] ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L @)&) ;fnsf] P;Pn;Ldf pTs[ i6 glthf Nofpg] td' 5fqf j8frf} /sL zflGtlk|of td' :of] / u' ?ªufp lgjf;L ljzfn td'n fO{ gub / k|z+;fkqn] ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . o:t} elnan, bf}8, rsn]6 bf}8, efn]5f]kfO{ nufot cGo ljljw v]ns' b;Fu} k} ;/Lgfr, kGr ] a fh f ;d" x nfO{ ;d] t ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{ q m dsf k| d ' v cltly Pjd\ lalzi6 cltly nufot cGo cltlyx?af6 k'/:sf/ Pjd\ k|df0fkq ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
dfukq k]z
-;;_ /f]N kf . lnafª 6'l8v]nl:yt Jofkfl/s ejgdf Jofkf/ ub}{ cfPsf @ bh{g a9L Jofkfl/x?n] & a'Fb] dfukq lhlj;sf] sfof{no /f]Nkfdf k]z ub}{ Wofgs{if0f u/fPsf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ Jofkf/Lx?n] @)&! ;fn sflt{s @^ ut] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] clknsf] s'g} k|ltlqmof gcfPsf] / sfof{noaf6 cflwsfl/s s'g} hfgsf/L klg gcfPsf] eGb} k'g Wofgsif{0f u/fpg] p2]Zon] dfukq ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . Jofkf/Ls ejgdf z'Ns lt/]/ Aofkf/ul/ a:g] Jofkf/Lx?sf] ;6/x?df 6]G8/ cfXjfg ug]{ t/ tNnf] tnf / dflyNnf] tnfdf 6]G8/ cfXjfg gug]{ sfo{ ablgotk"0f{ ePsf] eGb} ;a} sf]7fx? 6]G8/ k|lqmofdf Nofpg cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . Pp6f 5'6\6} kfgLwf/f, sd{rf/Lx?n] k|of]u ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] b'O{j6f 6jfO{n]6 Jofkf/Lx?n] klg k|of]u ug{ kfpg'kg]{ dfu /fv]sf 5g\ . 6'l8v]n j/k/ /flvPsf 3'lDtx? cg'dlt ljgf /flvPsf] eP x6fpg tyf cg'dltdf ePdf ef8f c;'Ng dfu ul/Psf] 5 .
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?n] hfGg}kg]{ s'/fx?M
!= jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] slDtdf klg #% k|ltzt /sd ljkGg -dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt_ sf nflu nlIft sfo{qmddf kl/rfng ug]{ . @= jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] slDtdf @% k|ltzt /sd jg ljsf;df vr{ ug'{kg]{ . #= ;ldltdf cfDbfgLsf] slDtdf %) k|ltzt dlxgfsf] clgjfo{ Joj:yf . $= cWoIf / ;lrj dWo] Pshgf dlxnf x'g'kg]{ . %= ;d"xsf] cWoIf jf ;lrj / sf]iffWoIf ;lxt @ hgfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/af6 a}+ s vftf ;+rfng x'g'kg]{ . To;dWo] Ps dlxnf clgjfo{ x'g' kg]{ . ^= ?= @%,))) eGbf sd cfDbfgL x'g] pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;d"xn] tf]s]sf] JolQm jf ;ldltaf6 u/] k'Ug] . &= u/]sf sfdsf] slDtdf jif{sf] ! k6s ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ / pQm sfdubf{ / lg0f{ o k|lqmofdf ljkGg, dlxnf, blntnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{ . *= n]vfk/LIfs ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f;efaf6 tf]lsg'kg]{ . (= ;fwf/0f;efaf6 :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ dfq pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf x'gk' g]{ . !)= ;ldltsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] dflg cfly{s clgoldttf ug]{ kbflwsf/L pk/ sfjf{xL ul/g]5 . !!= ofb /fVg'xf];\, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ljwfg cyjf jg sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / ;Daf]wg, kl/dfh{g u/]jfkt ;d"xn] s'g}klg z'Ns ltg'{kb}{g, olb sf]xL s;}n] To;f] u/]sf] kfOPdf l;w} jg clws[t;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg ;lsg]5 .
;g:6f/ ;fKtflxs /f]Nkf
hglxtsf nflu
lhNnf jg clws[t lhNnf jg sfof{no /f]Nkf
a}b] l zs /f] huf/Lsf] nflu ;'j 0f{ cj;/
o; 6«i6 g]kfn cf]e/l;h k|f=ln= zfvf sfof{no bfªdf ljleGg b]zsf sDkgLx?af6 g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] dfu eO{ cfPsf]n] ;SsnL /fxbfgL ;lxt ;Dks{ ug'x{ f]nf . qm= ;+= b]z
sDkgLsf] gfd
sfdbf/sf] kb dfu ;+V of sfd ug]{ ;do dfl;s tna vfgf
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k'gZrM xfdLsxfF sfk]{G6/, d]zg, On]S6«Ll;og, knDa/, j]N8/, O:6Ln lkGr/sf] klg dfu eO{ cfPsfn] OR5's JolQmn] ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .
;Dks{M 6«i6 g]kfn cf]e/l;h k|f=ln= ljlkrf]s, s6x/af]6 3f]/fxL bfª k|f]= zf]ef/fd 8fFuL lnafª–^, 6'Fl8v]n glhs} /f]Nkf kmf]g km\ofS; )*)–$$)@$#, Email: shova.ram@gmail.com (*$&(%*(@@
l;wf ;Dks{M ;dL/ If]qL -(*$!&&##@@_ /f]Nkfsf nflu s'lj/ v8\sf -(*)^!($(@@_ ;'lnrf}/sf nflu uDeL/ a'9f -(*%&*@@!^^_
clGtd k[i7
u|fxssf] /f]hfO{ xfd|f] k|ltj4tf, km];g]an l;nfO{;u F } cfof] ;'gufef
xfdLsxfF n]l8h, h]G; P08 aRrfsf nflu cfjZos cfw'lgs km];g]an, k"/fgf tyf gofF h'g;' s} k|sf/sf sk8fx? u| fxssf] /f]hfO{cg';f/ eg]s} ;dodf tof/ ul/G5 . l56f] 5l/tf] tl/sfn] :k]zn l;nfO{ rflxPdf xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .
k|f]= e/t kl/of/ df]afO{n (*^*^^)()! ;'gufef 6]nl/ª P08 ;l6ª ;"l6ª ;]G6/ ;fTtfn]vf]nf lnafª /f]Nkf
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xfdLsxfF, a|f]On/ s'v'/fsf] tfhf df;' kfOg'sf ;fy} bfgf, rNnf kfOG5 .
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tfhf df;' vfO{ l/NofS; ug]{] xf]Og <
à :jR5 tyf tfhf df;'sf] nflu à nf]sn tyf a|f]On/, sf]On/ nufot ;Dk"0f{ hftsf s'v'/fnfO{ rflxg] EoflS;g, cf}ifwL, le6fldg ;'ky d"Nodf kfpgsf] nflu à s'v'/f kmd{df cfjZos bfgfkfgL v'jfpg] efF8fsf] nflu tkfOF c8{/ ug'{x f];\ xfdL 3/d} k'¥ ofOlbg]5f}+ .
% s]=hL= eGbf dfly df;' n}hfg]nfO{ ljz]if 5'6sf] Joj:yf
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/f]=lh=k|zf=sf= btf{ g+= )^–)^(÷&) @)&! kf}if @@ ut] d+unaf/ df3] ;+qmflGt ko{6g, s[lif tyf v]ns'b dxf]T;j–@)&! dfl8rf}/, /f]Nkf df3 ! ut]b]lv & ut];Dd sf]6ufpF /f]Nkfsf] df3] ;+qmflGt ko{6 g, s[lif tyf v]ns'b dxf]T;j @)&! sf] cj;/df s[lif, ko{6g, hn;|f]t, hl8a'6L, vlgh k|j{4g ug{sf nflu s[lif tyf v]ns'b dxf]T;j @)&! -dfl8rf}/ dxf]T;j_ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm dxf]T;jdf ;xeflu eOlbg'x'gsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, kqsf/, v]nf8L, emfFsL ;d"x nufot ;a}nfO{ pkl:yltsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{ 5f}F . dxf]T ;jsf] p2] ZoM– !_ o'jfx?sf] v]n s'b, JolQmTj ljsf; ug'{ . @_ ls;fgsf s[l ifhGo pTkfbgsf] k|bz{g u/L pTkfbgdf k|a4{g tyf k|]l/t ug'{ . #_ cfGtl/s tyf afXo ko{ 6snfO{ cfslif{t ug{ k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / o'4 ko{6gsf] k|rf/– k|;f/ tyf k|a4{g ug'{ . $_ k/Dk/fut s[lif pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f u/L Joj;flos agfpg' . %_ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uaf6 pTkflbt ;fdfu|Lsf] k|rf/, k| a4{g tyf ahf/Ls/0f ug'{ . ^_ xf]d:6]sf] k|rf/k|;f/ tyf k|a4{g ug'{ . &_ :yfgLo efiff, ;+:s[lt, e]ife'iffsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f / k|a4{g ug' { . *_ cfly{s ultljlw a9fP/ cfdgful/ssf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg' . *_ dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug'{ . (_ ljzif]1 8fS6/x?sf] pkl:yltdf :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng u/L cfd gful/ssf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ Nofpg' . !)_ ;fdflhs ?9LjfbL ;+ :sf/ ;+:s[l tnfO{ lj:yflkt u/L ;Eo ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ . qm=;+= k| ltof] lutf k|yd k'/:sf/ l4lto k'/:sf/ t[tLo k'/:sf/ ;fGTjgf btf{ z' Ns ! df8Lsk v'Nnf %) xhf/, sk, #) xhf/ kbs @) xhf/, !) xhf/ @ xhf/ cfdGq0f km"6an k|df0fkq / k|df0fkq k|df0fkq @ v'Nnf cfdGq0f @% xhf/ sk, !) xhf/, % xhf/ ! xhf/ k'?if elnan kbs, k|df0fkq k|df0fkq # v'Nnf cfdGq0f !% xhf/ sk, % xhf/, % ;o !) xhf/, dlxnf elnan kbs, k|df0fkq k|df0fkq k|df0fkq $ dflj :t/Lo xflh/L % xhf/ # xhf/ @ xhf/ % ;o hjfkm k|ltof]lutf v]nsf lgodx?M != ;Dk"0f{ l6dn] @)&! k' ; #) ut] ;fFem % jh];Dd btf{ ul/;Sg'kg{]5 . @= vfgf tyf cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ;DjlGwt
l6dn] g} ug'{kg{]5 . 8«]; clgjfo{ x'g' kg{]5 . #= v]nf8L ;+V of l6d sf]r ;lxt elnjndf ( hgf /xg] 5g\ . $= v]ndf s'g} ljjfb cfPdf cfof]hssf] lg0f{o g} clGtd lg0f{ o x'g]5 . %_ v]n df3 ! ut]b ]lv g} ;'? x'g ]5 . v]n k|ltof]l utfsf nflu M ;f]d axfb'/ 3tL{du/ ;Dks{ g+= (*$&**(()) k|sfz k'gdu/ M (&$*%@(#!$ s[lif k|b z{g Lsf nflu M !_ ds} @_ wfg #_ ux'F $_ sf]bf] %_ hf} ^_ cb' jf &_ e6df; *_ l;dL (_ cfn' !)_ lkF8fn' !!_ t?n !@_ ;'Gtnf !#_ sfutL !$_ df};d !%_ /fof] !^_ tf]/L !&_ sfpnL !*_ aGbf !(_ km;L{ @)_ s]/fnfO{ k|bz{g Ldf ;xefuL u/fOg]5 . plrt k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . dxf] T ;jsf] k|d 'v cfsif{0fx?M !_ dfl8rf}/ dxf]T;jdf ;xeflu xf] cf}F Û x]lnxf] K6/af6 :ju{åf/L, uf}d' vL, sf] 7Lw'/L, hnhnf, wf}nflu/L, l;:g] nufotsf lxdz[ª\vnfsf] b[iofjnf]sg u/f}F . df3 @ / # ut]dfq p8fg ePsf]n] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] l;6 ;'/lIft /fVg' xf];\ . l6s6sf] cu|Ld a'lsª k'; !% af6 v'nf ul/Psf]5 . l6s6 z'Ns !% ldg]6sf] Kofs] 6 &,))) . / #) ldg]6sf] Kofs]h !#,))) dfq . @_ dfl8vf] nfdf klxnf]k6s /f]df~rs ¥ofkml6ª ofqf . l6s6 a'lsª k'; !% af6 v'nf /xg]5 . k|lt l6s6 ?= @)) dfq . l6ss a'lsªsf] nfluM bLk]Gb|s'df/ k'g du/ (*%&*@)&)), ;'/] Gb| yfkf 3tL{ du/ (*%&*@@*%, dfgl;+ x las (*%&*@@@&%, vs{a xfb'/ k'gdu/ k|sfz (&%*%)#%&&, jL/axfb'/ 3tL{ -xfjf_ (*$$(!^!(@, efgaxfb'/ 3tL{du/ ;Djfb (*$!**&!(! #_ nf]sbf]x f]/L k|ltof]lutf . -df3 @ ut]af6_ $_ dxf]T;jsf] ;ft}lbg /fli6«o :t/sf snfsf/x?sf] k|:t'tL . %_ lhNnfsf /fhgLlts kf6L{ / sd{rf/LaLrsf] d}qLk"0f{ km'6an k|ltof]lutf . -df3 # ut] _ ^_ d}qLk"0f{ lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf . -df3 $ ut]_ &_ ;f/+uL, k}+;]?, e"Dof, ;f]/7L, l;+uf?, jg3f/L, emf}/fnufotsf :yfgLo gfF rx? . *_ xf]6n tyf cfsif{s xf]d:6]x ? . (_ :yfgLo vfgfsf kl/sf/x?, ld7fO{, kmnkm"n / k]o kbfy{sf :6nx? . !)_ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L lhNnf zfvf /f]Nkf;lxtsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf lgMz'Ns cfFvf lzlj/ . ljzif]1 8fS6/x?af6 lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo kl/If0f . !!_ Joj;flos s[ lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]h gf (Project For Agriculture Commercialization And Trade, PACT) sf] kl/rofTds sfo{q md . k|d' v cltlyM k'iksdn bfxfn …k| r08Ú -cWoIf_ PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ k|ltof]lutf z'? ldltM @)&! df3 ! ut]b] lv . pb\ 3f6g M @)&! ;fn df3 @ ut] . ;doM lbp;f] !@ ah] . :yfgM df8Lrf}/ /f]Nkf k| j 4{s M g] kfn ko{ 6 g af]8{ , ldl8of kf6{ g /M /]l8of] hnhnf (^=)$ d] u fxh{ , /f] Nkf ;dfrf/ ;fKtflxs klqsf
cfpg'xf];\ xfdL tkfO{s} ;]jfdf ;dlk{t 5f}+ . ca gofF kl/j]zsf ;fydf g]kfn 6]lnsdåf/f l8n/ :jLs[t
tkfO{n] eg]s} h:tf] ;:tf] /
xfdLsxfF g]kfn 6]lnsdåf/f :jLs[t k|fKt gd:t], :sfO{, Pgl;onsf l;dsf8{ tyf l/rfh{ sf8{x? 6] lnsds} d"Nodf lalqmljt/0f ul/G5 . ;fy} ;fbf tyf /+uLg kmf]6f]skL, lk|G6, n]ldg]zg, Pdcf/kL kf;kf]6 {sf kmf/d pknAw, dlN6sn/af6 n]6/ Kof8 t'?Gt} tof/ ul/G5 . u|fkmLS; l8hfO{gåf/f agfO{Psf] nf]uf]sf lrqx? gfO{n g 5fk, ;]Nkm5fk, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf lgj]bg tyf kmf/d, s[ lif tyf kz' kfng ;d"xsf kmf/dtyf ljwfgx?, clkml;on kmfO{ n, kmf]6f] k|]md, :6] zg/L ;fdfu|Lx? ;"ky d"Nodf kfOG5 .
lnafª–^, /f]Nkf
xfd|f ;]jfx?M gful/stf kmf]6f], kmf]6f]skL, kmf]6f] :Sofg, n]ldg]zg, ;a} k|sf/sf lukm\6 cfO6dx?, ljleGg lsl;dsf df]afOn ;]6x?, !! / !@ sf u|fd/, ;d/L, Bead I, II & III jif{sf ;d/L, Od]n OG6/g]6sf] ;'ljwf, uLt 8fpgnf]8 ul/g'sf ;fy} MRP kmf/d ;:tf] b/df el/G5 .
k|f]= nfnaxfb'/ ;'gf/ df]afO{n (*$$()))$@, (&$*%^(%^( g]kfn 6]lnsd tyf lhlj; hfg] af6f]
Ps gh/ otf klg x} <
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à laB' tLo xfp; jfOl/ªsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx? cfjZostf cg';f/ yf] s tyf km'6s/ ;'ky d" Nodf kfOg'sf ;fy} bIf k|fljlwsåf/f xfp; jfOl/ª klg ul/G5 . à /fO{; s's/, cfO{/g, lds;/, km\ofg nufotsf ljB'tLo pks/0fx?sf] h8fg tyf dd{t ul/G5 . à ljB' tLo ld6/sf] nflu lgMz'Ns kmf/d el/G5 . à Ps jif{sf] Uof/]G6Lsf ;fy km/skm/s jf6sf l;PkmPn aNax? ljz]if 5'6df pknAw u/fO{G5 . à bIf cg'ejL k|lzIfsaf6 # dlxg] xfp; jfOl/ª ;DaGwL k|lzIf0fsf] ;d]t\ Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . ;Dks{sf nflu k|fljlwsx?M g/axfb'/ 8fFuL df]afO{n g+ (*$&(!@))&, s]z/ ;'gf/ df]= (*$&(%!^^*, s[i0f u'?ª df]= (*$&**(&@!, k|f]= k[YjL/fh dx/f df]= (*$&**(^@$ alnof], e/kbf]{ / ljZj;lgotfsf] nflu Psk6s xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf] ;\ .
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…;g:6f/ o'jf SnjÚ /f]Nkfsf nflu cWoIf k"0f{ s];Låf/f k|sflzt …;g:6f/ /fli6«o ;fKtflxsÚ
;Nnfxsf/ M df};d /f]sfdu/, v]d a'9fdu/, uf}/Lls/0f 8fFuL, sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ M clwjQmf xf]daxfb'/ yfkf, ;Dkfbs M r]tnfn sj/
sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs M gjLg nf]rgdu/, ;x;Dkfbs M b]jL u'?ª, ;'lnrf}/ k|ltlglw M df]xg lu/L sfof{no M lnafª–^, /f]Nkf, kmf]g g+= (*$&*&&^&@, O{–d]n M sunstarweekly@gmail.com, d'b|0f M lxdfnog ckm;]6 k|]; lnafª–^, /f]Nkf