Acknowledgements

The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting & in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable. Texts

Cambridge University Press for the text on p. 204 from The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language 2nd Edition by David Crystal, 2003. Copyright Cambridge University Press 1995, 2003. Reproduced with permission; Text on p. 86 from ‘Indicators of Poverty & Hunger’ by Dr David Gordon. Copyright © 1998 United Nations; Text on p. 88 Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0.; Text on p. 207 adapted from ‘Five headlines’ by Paul Dowswell, Greek Gazette. Copyright © 1997 Usborne Publishing. Reproduced with permission; Text on p. 208 Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Key: B = Below, BL = Below Left, BR = Below Right, BC = Below Centre, C = Centre, CL = Centre Left, CR = Centre Right, L = Left, R = Right, T = Top, TR = Top Right, TL = Top Left.

Photographs

All the photographs are sourced from GettyImages. p. 8 & p. 33 (Rowan): Hill Street Studios/Blend Images; p. 9 & p. 123 (Ex 58.1.4): andresr/E+; p. 14: Robert Daly/Caiaimage; p. 16 (office worker): Thomas Barwick/Stone; p. 16 (factory worker) & p. 53 (Beth): Jetta Productions/Blend Images; p. 16 (airline pilot) & p. 154: Image Source; p. 16 (professional female): Morsa Images/ DigitalVision; p. 16 (Ex 5.a): Nick Dolding/Iconica; p. 17: Sam Edwards/OJO Images; p. 23 (Tatyana) & p. 30: Tim Robberts/Taxi; p. 23 (Alice): Kelvin Murray/Taxi; p. 23 (Harry): Jetta Productions/ Stone; p. 23 (Tom) & p. 195 (Ricardo): Juanmonino/E+; p. 23 (Sophie): Janet Rhodes/iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 23 (Andrey): pixelfusion3d/iStock/ Getty Images Plus; p. 25 (Ex 9.3.1): Mike Kemp/ Blend Images; p. 25 (Ex 9.3.2): GlobalStock/ E+; p. 25 (Ex 9.3.3): Lonnia/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 25 (Ex 9.3.4): Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend ImagesGetty Images Plus; p. 25 (Ex 9.3.5): DRB Images LLC/E+; p. 25 (Ex 9.3.6): FangXiaNuo/E+; p. 32: omgimages/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 33 (William): RichVintage/E+; p. 33 (Katie): DreamPictures/Blend Imagesp. 33 (Asley): creacart/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 37: Ricardo Liberato/ Moment; p. 38: Tetra Images/Brand X Pictures; p. 44: Caiaimage/Martin Barraud/OJO+; p. 45: Digital Vision/Photodisc; p. 46: Rich Legg/E+; p. 47: Lokibaho/iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 48: g_muradin/iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 53 (Carlos): Jamie Garbutt/DigitalVision; p. 53 (Thomas): Sam Diephuis/Blend Images; p. 53 (Rowan): Tim Robberts/The Image Bank; p. 53 (Hannah): Glow Images, Inc/Glow; p. 53 (Atsuko): Yagi Studio/ DigitalVision; p. 54: PeopleImages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 55 & p. 108: monkeybusinessimages/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 58 (plane): Chad Slattery/The Image Bank; p. 58 (ferry): KingWu/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 58 (train): Meinzahn/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 58 (car): DarthArt/ Stock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; p. 59 (T): Chad Ehlers/Photographer’s Choice; p. 59 (B): Peter Cade/The Image Bank; p. 60 (CL): Claude LeTien/ Moment; p. 60 (C): Ryan Heffernan/Aurora; p. 60 (BL): franckreporter/E+; p. 60 (BC): David De Lossy/DigitalVision; p. 60 (BR): Jongcheol Park/ EyeEm/EyeEm; p. 60 (CR): Gina Pricope/Moment Open; p. 60 (monkey): Ariadne Van Zandbergen/ Lonely Planet Images; p. 61: Chad Riley/UpperCut Images; p. 62 (Ex 28.a): Irene Becker Photography/Moment Open; p. 62 (Ex 28.b): Dana Gerlitz/ FOAP/foap; p. 62 (Ex 28.c): Photographer/Moment; p. 62 (Ex 28.d): Michele Tantussi/Stringer/ Getty Images News; p. 62 (Ex 28.e): Creative WO LatinContent/gilaimages/LatinContent; p. 64 (T): Jack TaylorStringer/Getty Images News; p. 64 (B): Michael Blann/Stone; p. 66: DNY59/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 68: oluolu3/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 70: Jürgen & Christine Sohns/imageBROKER; p. 73 (B): Stephen Studdrobertharding/ robertharding; p. 73 (T): acilo/E+; p. 74: laflor/ iStock/Getty Images Plus; p. 76: Thawatchai Tumwapee/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 80: NELSON ALMEIDA/AFP; p. 81: Liam Norris/Taxi; p. 84: DEA PICTURE LIBRARY/De Agostini; p. 88: CALLE MONTES/Photononstop; p. 90: Stockbyte; p. 92: Peter Dazeley/Photographer’s Choice RF; p. 99: Tommaso Tagliaferri/E+; p. 100: Eamonn McCabe/Hulton Archive; p. 103: Yuri_Arcurs/ E+; p. 106: Paul Bradbury/OJO Images; p. 107: Hero Images; p. 109 (Ex 51.1.1): Science Photo

Library/Science Photo Library; p. 109 (Ex 51.1.2): Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images; p. 109 (Ex 51.1.3): Julian Calder/The Image Bank; p. 109 (Ex 51.1.4): ERproductions Ltd/Blend Images; p. 109 (Ex 51.1.5): Ariel Skelley/Blend Images; p. 109 (Ex 51.1.6): AlexRaths/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 113: Plattform; p. 115: Westend61; p. 121: Thanatham PiriyakarnjanakulEyeEm/EyeEm; p. 122: Danita Delimont/Gallo Images; p. 123 (Ex 58.1.1): Keith Wood/The Image Bank; p. 123 (Ex 58.1.2): Iain Sarjeant/Photolibrary; p. 123 (Ex 58.1.3): Deborah Pendell/Moment; p. 123 (Ex 58.1.5): Maria Wachala/Moment; p. 125: YinYang/ iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 143: Yu Gao/Moment; p. 148: Klaus Tiedge/Blend Images/Getty Images Plus; p. 160: Plume Creative/DigitalVision; p. 165: D3Damon/E+; p. 183: franny-anne/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 184: BraunS/E+; p. 193: Andrea Pistolesi/The Image Bank; p. 194: moodboard/ Cultura; p. 195 (Alex): izusek/E+; p. 195 (Sabina): Richard Drury/Stone; p. 195 (Monica): Jon Feingersh Photography; p. 195 (Michelle): drbimages/ E+; p. 198: stockbart/Vetta; p. 203 (dumpster): Sam Burt Photography/E+; p. 203 (cooker): tatniz/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 203 (tap): hirun/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 203 (cable): MaksymGolovinov/iStockGetty Images Plus; p. 203 (pan): Howard Shooter/Dorling Kindersley.

Illustrations

419 Ludmila (KJA artists), Katie Mac (NB Illustration), 302 Martina (KJA artists), Eric Smith (Beehive Illustration), Kathy Baxendale, Nigel Dobbyn and Celia Hart. Designed and typeset by QBS.