INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
KIAN MIN, T. Master of Architecture
Employers
Local Community
Artist
Labours
3D Print
Circ ula
Mycelium Community Allotment
Catalyst
Organic Waste
Process
Research & Development
Design & Improve
Specialist Government
Public
Composting
omy con rE
Creative Commons
Students
New experimental material
Re-industrialising in the New Greener Economy
Tottenham Hale consists of diverse populations of local and foreign groups with large distinct geographical locations of the High Road and Lea River. With the new Strategic Policies developed by Haringey Council, more jobs and housings are being implemented, changing the policies of local industries and providing more housing to the people of Tottenham. As a result, many Industrial lands and green spaces are being regenerated to make way for more housing. The implications of it pressed on the issues of local rights for better jobs and green infrastructure. How can a city be a collective manifestation of social,
political and
economic cohesion? This project endeavours to create a strategic framework to explore the ideas of
mycelium and 3D printing as a catalyst to inspire the industry to rethink the way products are made, to remediate the way the economy should run, allowing the act of commoning to be taken place among industrial actors, local communities and the public. The primary programme is to create an open source cleaner production facility with the main idea of industrial
ecology and at the same time providing access to the public with the common rights of assets, resources and space.
PART l :
Design Review
01 Overview Location Tottenham Hale Key Contextual Issue Masterplan Key Design Intentions
02
Context & Site Analysis
Key Actors Key Influences Urban Strategy Masterplan Gestures
03
Building Proposition
Industrial Process Design Programme Precedent Studies Design Development Design Strategy External Perspective Interior Perspective Section A-A Regulatory Requirements Economic Collaboration
04 Bibliography
08 10 12 19 21 26 28 29 33 37 38 39 42 47 69 70 71 72 74
103
PART ll :
Technical Review
01
Structural Strategy
Choice of Strategy Structural Typology Precedent Studies
78 80 81
02
Construction Strategy Construction Sequence Typical Wall Section Detail Wall-to-Floor Detail Wall-to-Roof Detail
84 92 93 94
03
Environmental Strategy
Regulatory Compliances - U-value Wall Detail Humidity Control Co-generation & CHP
04 Bibliography
95 97 99 100 103
01
Masterplan
Location Key Contextual Issue
Key Design Intentions
Overview
Overview
Location
Tottenham High Road Lea River
Ferry Lane ‘Myco-remediation’ Facility
Tottenham is one of the London Borough of Haringey, situated in central north of London. Ranging over a population of 90,000 citizens, it has high public land ownership and low land values. Society in Haringey are ethnically diverse, with over 200 different languages spoken in itself. Evidently, it has distinct geographic contrast between large area green marshes and the housing developments. Nearly 25% of Haringey are made up of green spaces. Amongst the larger green spaces are Finsbury Park, Alexandra Park and the Lee Valley Park. The Lea River serve as an essential feature that connects to the heart of London as it provides water reserve and recreation to the local community. Tottenham is well articulated within transportation links such as public bus routes and train line. The High Road runs from Edmonth in the North to Stamford Hill in the South and it served as the main circulation for Tottenham Hale as it provides economic opportunities for local business to prosper. In 2010, Haringey was the 4th most deprived borough of London as it faces challenges through the distinction between wealth and community.
8
Overview
Tottenham Hale
Among these key images taken in Tottenham Hale, there are vital cues that captured the importance of the site. The train line serves of a crucial node that connects to all parts of London. Large density of visitors travel using the train line every day ranging from different ethnic groups. Tottenham green marshes served as a crucial heritage landmark that is laden with wild life. Haringey has marked these green spaces as protected zones from development. Local residents of Tottenham only has few of these large green spaces in close proximity. A variety of industrial jobs have been in Tottenham Hale even since 1890s. Industrial activities have changed from heavy industrial towards service oriented industry. Local industries serve as a backbone for service local needs and creating job opportunities.
10
Overview
Tottenham Hale
One of the site weaknesses are the poor perceived sense of identity among local industries and the reasons could be derived on different factors. Many employers have establish poor connections with other industries and they have no idea on what do they produce in that area.
Edges
are poorly define among what constitute Tottenham Hale. Spaces are not public-oriented and facades not well maintained. The notion on the lack of investment urges the need to revitalise the current industry because it might be a threat to the current economic opportunity for future businesses to grow. One of the great asset in Tottenham Hale is the Lea River that serves as a crucial role in providing quality green spaces for the local residents. However, lack of maintenance was placed under the improvements of green spaces and this issue refers to other parks as well, leaving an uneven distributed of quality green spaces in Tottenham Hale.
11
Overview
Key Contextual Issues
12
Overview
Key Contextual Issues
De-industrialisation One of the great decline in the manufacturing industry of Tottenham happened for the past 30 years. Back in those days during the 1950s, Tottenham was well-known for its industrial sector and it produced a third national output which made up a quarter of world manufacturing exports. Unfortunately, today the industry has drop up to 11% GDP, employs only 8% of workforce and sell 2% of world’s manufacturing exports. What is evidently seen today is the change in use of the industrial areas from large-scale production-line manufacture to service - oriented business enterprises. Eventually, deindustrialisation lead towards to the transformation of the city in terms of land use and occupational class structure. Since 1900s, these list of industries were the big players in the economic sector. However large businesses decline from 1960s, to 1970s due to number of reasons such as lack of competition and change in priority and management of industry.
13
Overview
Key Contextual Issues Key de-industrialisation gestures Harris Lebus 1906 - 1970s Large furniture industry Closed down due to competition from EU market. Gestetner’s 1906 - 1970s Stencil duplicator industry Company taken over by Ricoh & discontinued operation in Tottenham Eagle Pencil Company 1907 - 1992 Pencils, pens, pen holders & erasers manufacturer. Closed down & transferred to Kings Lyn. Lorilleux & Bolton Ltd. N.D.. Printing ink Manufacturer. Keith Blackman 1937 - 1980s Mechanical & electrical equipment. Main factory was closed down in Arbroath. Millmead Business Center took over.
Size of influence
14
Overview
Key Contextual Issues
Green Infrastructure Research study in 2005 shows that Harringey has 382.87 hectares of open spaces which accounted for 12.8% of Haringey’s total land area. The result indicated that Haringey was deficient in all types of open spaces. Between 1997 and 2000, 492 acres of Green Belt land in London, 1,380 acres in East Anglia and 2,768 acres in the South East were turned over to housing. These indications suggest that 44,000 houses have been built in the Green Belt during this period and, on average, 8 per cent of all land developed for housing was in the Green Belt in these regions. The notion of it suggest green spaces are gradually depriving to allow more homes to be built as Tottenham population is growing bigger by each year. In the meantime, Haringey Council had implemented new physical development framework for 10,000 new quality homes to be built. The question lies on whether the scale of transformation would have a major effect on accessible green spaces? How can green infrastructure accommodate to the new development framework?
16
Overview
Key Contextual Issues
Waste Management According to Defra statistics, commercial and construction waste account for 39 million tonnes from England in 2012. Since 2011, the 4Rs solution has been the essential role in UK waste management solution for the industrial, commercial and manufacturing sectors. However, the application of the current model (4Rs’ solution) can be ineffective in providing a sustainable future because it doesn’t completely reduce waste from being thrown back into landfills or incineration, causing environmental pollution that can be detrimental to the wellbeing of society. With the aim from Carbon Commission report that seeks to reduce 40 percent of greenhouse gas emission by 2020, the masterplan proposal intends to collaborate with local waste management facilities (Veolia) and other industries on the Tottenham to redesign the process of making products and co-products that can be recirculate back to the economy.
17
Overview
Key Contextual Issues
5,000 Jobs Over that last 100 years Tottenham has seen a slow depletion of skills from the surrounding area. These industries is important to the local people because it provides local job opportunities and feed the growing population of Tottenham. As local industries slowly being replaced by small business enterprise, the need for local skilled employment would be less. Industrial lands are being sold for new housing developments. The loss of employment land has an impact on levels of local employment and economic activity and business rates revenue. According to Tottenham Hale Masterplan developed by Haringey Council, 5,000 new jobs will be delivered to boost economic growth and maintain a strong local economy.
18
Overview
Ashley Road
Milmead Road
South of Tottenham
My design proposal is an abstract from the masterplan proposal. Within the urban context of Tottenham Hale, the design proposal is situated on existing proposed industry employment area, South of Tottenham Industry along with other nearby industries, namely Milmead Road, Ashley Road and Rangmoore.
Rangmoore
Masterplan
19
Overview
Masterplan
The main gesture of the masterplan strategy is the notion of
clustering of
industries together to create a network of
collaborative economy. Different
variety of industries were analysed ranging from food, fabric, furniture, building materials and even waste management facilities were taken into considerations. The logic of putting industries into relationships, creates an
industrial ecology that would benefit with one another.
20
Overview
Key Design Intentions
The main idea of Industrial Ecology is to study the flow of materials through industrial systems by considering how waste can be created as a source of production and recirculate back to the system, creating
cradle-to-cradle
effect. The result of this would benefit the economy in a cleaner and cost effective approach.
[BEFORE] Diagram showing conventional waste management solution.
21
Overview
Key Design Intentions
[AFTER] Diagram showing the solution towards remediation of the economy through circular economy.
22
Overview
Key Design Intentions
By understanding the analogy of circular economy and Industrial Ecology, industries can be clustered together as ‘Low-Emission Parks’ and ‘Resource Recovery Parks’ that can coexist with one another, allowing social cohesion occurred at different levels - political, communal and individual.
23
Resource Recover Park
Recycling Facility
Production Methods
Waste Recovery
Water Retention
Renewable Energy
Storage Facility
‘Myco-remediation’ Facility
Composting
Consumers
Food Harvesting
Community Education
Low Emission Park
Resource Recover Park
Community Allotment
Anaerobic Digestion
Resource Recover Park
Waste Treatment
Low Emission Park
Research Facility
Key Design Intentions
Product Distribution
Research Centre
System of Production
Overview
Low Emission Park Repair / Reuse
Low Emission Park
Low Emission Park
Overview
Key Design Intentions
Industrial Ecology in relation to masterplan proposal
Urban Farming
Industrial Ecology in relation to masterplan proposal
02
Key Influences Urban Strategy Key Actors
Masterplan Gestures
External Perspective
Context & Site Analysis
Interior Perspective Section A - A
Context & Site Analysis Key Actors
Hierarchy diagrams indicate existing actors with their level of influence and relationships with one another. Actors such as industries, community and green space showed disconnection in their influence towards the industry.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
flu en f In el o
with equal access to information and green infrastructure.
ce
create a platform for
industrial actors, visitors and the public to share as collective community
Lev
My intention is to
Key Issue De-industrialisation
[BEFORE]
Local Industry Commercial / Retail Business employer Land Owners Green Space
Key Issue De-industrialisation
flu enc f In el o Lev
8. Foreign Employment 9. Haringey Council 10. Councilor Strickland 11. Peter O’ Brian 12. Planning Authority 13. Developers/ Entrepreneurs 14. Public Stakeholders 15. Private Stakeholders 16. Waste Management
e
6. Tottenham Community 7. Local Employment
[AFTER] Intention of combining actors to share a common space
26
Context & Site Analysis Key Actors
Industrial Actors These collective actors are crucial towards formalisation of my design proposal. Employers and labour unions manages the process of production. Government can play a vital role in policy enhancement to influence the change in role of industrial system. Presence of local artist within Tottenham can contribute in process of product design. Volunteers Local communities can participate in the process of design and making or even performing urban farming on roof top gardens. Specialist and students are welcome from other Universities or Institutes to share resources and research for new industrial materials. Visitors Other societies such as foreign and local tourist can access the building and spectate the production process.
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employee Employers Government Artist
VOLUNTEERS Local Communities Specialist Students
VISITORS Public
27
Context & Site Analysis Key Influences
Social
Economical & Political
Community Engagement My design proposal seeks collaborative approach from the community that comes from different range of backgrounds. Participation from different actors can provide different ideas and solve current problems that the communities are facing. A facility that is managed by the commons can sustainable to the local economy and improve the growth of industry. Networking Industry The facility is the center of product, solution and expertise that forms network of creative industries. Local and regional industries and technological research institutions can share resources in terms of products, open source technology and information among themselves. The facility also can incubate open business models that entrepreneurs can use. Funding Opportunity Funding opportunities can be attracted from government, non-profit organisations and private finance sector who supports social business or green agenda.
Ecological
Cleaner Production While thriving to improve the business sector, industrial system can be implemented to reduce carbon footprint at the same time. Exploring concept of biomimicry in product design and Industrial Ecology will significantly reduce waste accumulations on landfills and toxic contaminations of products. Accessible Green Spaces Green spaces can be shared between industries and local community. Alternative solution to increase more green spaces is to explore vertical farming and roof top garden.
28
Context & Site Analysis Urban Strategy
Hierarchy On the existing site, Tottenham High Road serve as the main economical geography for business owners and the public. A sense of hierarchy on the importance of space exist in response to road circulations. Green links are proposed to improve the hierarchy of space similar to Tottenham High Road.
Level of hierarchy Level of hierarchy
29
Context & Site Analysis Urban Strategy
Green Links Green links are proposed to provide accessible green spaces, connect other public green spaces and to accommodate adjacent Lea River to improve green infrastructure.
Existing green corridor Existing paths Proposed green links
30
Context & Site Analysis Urban Strategy
Industrial Ecology Existing location of current industrial hubs are revitalised as Low-emission and Resource Recovery Parks, creating symbiosis relationships with one another to maintain a circular economy.
Low-emission Park Resource Recovery Park
31
Context & Site Analysis Urban Strategy
Localism Proposing production facility that can harvest and supply food, waste and materials within the local urban context, reducing carbon footprint for traveling and the need to depend on foreign exports.
32
Context & Site Analysis Masterplan Gestures
Masterplan Gestures: Green Link Integration Connection between existing green parks, Down Lane Park and Markfield Park is established. Existing building blocks are subtracted and added to respond towards the green corridor, creating static spaces for pedestrian friendly zone.
33
Context & Site Analysis Masterplan Gestures
Masterplan Gestures: Primary & Secondary Path
An alternative route for distribution vehicle to pass along the service line, separate from the green link. Secondary roads create permeability into buildings for service lanes and pedestrian routes. Spaces are further adding and subtracting to allow permeability within buildings and maximise frontage towards road.
34
Context & Site Analysis Masterplan Gestures
Masterplan Gestures: Mixed-use Additional massing applied on existing spaces to create more industrial spaces and business opportunities. High-rise residential building exist along green links and accommodate by adjacent green roofs. Building height profile is higher along service roads. It accommodates more spaces and form dynamic spaces along service lane.
35
Precedent Design Development Studies Design Design Strategy Programme Regulatory Industrial Requirements Process
03
Building Proposition
Building Proposition
Industrial Process
‘Myco- Remediation Facility’ The programme of ‘ Myco-remediation’ Facility derived from process of dual metabolism of industrial and environmental. Along with the interaction with process-product designs, these set of processes can be analysed and improve industrial problems such as issues concerning depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution.
37
Building Proposition Design Programme
es
s
uc
tD
esi
g
Soil Testing
dation
Waste Recovery
Decompose
Pr
oc
-P
d ro
pro cess ogy te in t he E col ntrib u ty c o rial i l t i s c a u ch F Ind e ar Testing output of R es n& waste hazard Quality vali-
Grinding
Waste fibre Mycelium
Nitrate & nitrite
oop interve ed l nt os io Cl n
Design process for cleaner production Pasturising Public display
Inoculation
g ecolo ical proc
es s
Aquaculture Waste
Physical/ Chemical Preparation
Separation/ Refining
Aquaponics
Biological Metabolism
Printing Substrate & plant
Technical Metabolism 3D Printing
es
ign
Aquaculture
Growing
D Plant
H2O Choosing the right plant for food & substrate Straw
Obsolete Product Rice Cotton
Oats
Paddy
Food
Food Bazaar Extraction Analyse substrate for product
Testing
Product Distribution
Biodegradable Fibre (Husk) Design for recycle / upcycle
Local Consumer Open source design
Local Industry Storage
Assembly
Design process Testing durability of product
Co-product Product
Bioplastic formwork Exploring design of product & formwork
Design reduced packaging
Diagram illustrating detailed version of industrial process, showing circular economy with integration of mycelium 3D printing production and urban farming.
38
Building Proposition
Precedent Studies
Mycelium & 3D Printing Mycelium products was generally inspired by Ecovative Design and Eric Klarenbeek who have been researching on the behaviour of mycelium that grows on organic waste substrates inside bioplastic formwork. Mycelium can be inoculated into paste that can be 3D printed into any shape that the designer desires. This revolutionary approach can change how materials can be manufactured. The 3D print application does not only work on mycelium but even other plants as well such as herbs.
39
Building Proposition
Precedent Studies
Why Mycelium? Expertising 3D print mycelium products not only benefits the economy but it can significantly improve the environment by replacing conventional materials that is detrimental to the environment such as plastics and timber which the raw materials used are mainly petroleum and trees. Mycelium material offers an alternative approach towards making products that can contribute to the circular economy.
40
Building Proposition
Precedent Studies
Centre Pompidou l Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers Inspired by the open forms and flexible spaces, the Pompidou Centre seeks to maximise internal space by exposing skeletal structures, coloured tubes and mechanical systems. Components of the centre were painted according to roles even moving elements such as escalators are painted in red .
41
Building Proposition
Design Development
Exploring initial idea of having different levels of spatial definition. Spaces are design to be more technical on upper floors.
Green roof to improve quality of adjacent spaces
Open plan public spaces Spaces showing connectivity with one another
42
Building Proposition
Design Development
The idea of showing clarity of industrial processes. Passers will get a glimpse of the activities in the facility.
Putting different spaces together, creating mutual relationships.
Colour coding movement elements
43
Building Proposition
Design Development
Showing clarity of industrial process
Fusing different functions of space together
Connecting green roofs with external ramps while exploring vertical gardening in the same space
44
Building Proposition
Design Development
Engaging with site context Exploring different integration of Colour coding facades industrial process
Schematic Section
Showing gestures of industrial process Exploring materiality of building
Connecting different spaces with circulation
45
Building Proposition
Design Development
Exploring synergy of different spaces that relates to Industrial Ecology programme
46
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within local urban context: INTERACTION
47
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within local urban context: INTEGRATION
48
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within local urban context: MANIPULATION
49
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building: PEDESTRIAN ACCESSIBILITY
Consider how users navigate within building from Green Link
50
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building VEHICLE ACCESSIBILITY
Consider how vehicles could access and how they could share with pedestrian at the Green Link.
51
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building PUBLIC-PRIVATE SPACE (Ground floor) Consider type hybrid spaces that can be shared with the commons through the consideration of public and private spaces.
52
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building PUBLIC-PRIVATE SPACE (First floor) Consider type hybrid spaces that can be shared with the commons through the consideration of public and private spaces.
53
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building GREEN LINK Enhance Green Link by considering different modes of green infrastructure that contribute to different forms of user interactions.
54
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building ROOFTOP GARDEN Maintain a continuation of Green Link by connecting to the Green Roof through accessible ramps and to explore different scale of urban farming.
55
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building SYNERGY BETWEEN SPACES Planning spaces in a series of stages according to Industrial Ecology framework, connecting these processes with Design & Research facility and creating a relationship with each other.
56
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
Spatial response within building SHADOW AND LIGHT Considering tectonics through design of facades and fenestration in relation to public-private spaces.
57
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
‘Myco-remediation’ Facility 3D Perspective
58
‘MYCO-REMEDIATION’ FACILITY Exploded 3D Model
59
p.65
Roof top Garden
p.66 Roof Top Garden
p.63 3D Printing
p.60 Composting, Growing
p.64
Meeting Rooms
p.59 Pasteurising, Grinding, Inoculating
p.61 Packaging & Assembly
p.62 Design Studio & Research Labs
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
GROWING Storing other printed products such as herbs and vegetables that does not need much of humidity regulated
WORKSHOPS Offer additional equipments to explore different ways of form making
FEEDSTOCK Waste substrate can be harvested from food such as rice, buckwheat, oats, etc. GRINDING Grating organic waste into small mixture CAFE
PASTEURISATION Process of sterilisation involving heating and cooling INDUSTRIAL 3D PRINT 3D print mycelium products in large scale INOCULATION Process of injecting mycelium tissue into waste substrates MYCELIUM TISSUE Selected mycelium species to grow on feedstock
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
60
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
COMPOSTING Recycle mycelium waste products as fertilisers for urban farming GROWING Storing printed products for 1 2 weeks for mycelium to grow inside the bioplastic formwork. Growing inside a regulated compartment with suitable temperature and humidity.
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
61
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
ASSEMBLY MAIN & COPRODUCTS Merge and package products to be readily for export PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION Export products to local consumers and industries STORAGE Keep excess mycelium products CAFE
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
62
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
RESEARCH & FIELD TESTING Collaboration with researchers to test on cleaner production and explore new materials. DESIGN PROCESS Mycelium products can take shape in creative open source solutions to solve industrial problems or create artistic values.
PRODUCTS & ART EXHIBITION Showcase creative mycelium products and information on cleaner production. Products displayed in a series of conveyor belts.
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
63
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
INDUSTRIAL 3D PRINT 3D print mycelium products in small scale WORKSHOPS Offer additional equipments to explore different ways of form making
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
64
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
MEETING ROOMS Offer professional consultation to industries on cleaner production. Provide information to public on the idea of mycelium production.
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
65
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
COMMUNITY ALLOTMENT Roof top urban farming in collective community FOOD HARVESTING Provide food to serve local needs BIODEGRADABLE HUSK Waste substrates chosen for mycelium products can be harvest through urban farming AQUAPONICS Combining hydroponics and aquaculture to create mutual benefits with one another with integrated experimental 3D facades. Vertical Farming Exploring different forms of growing food with the means of hydroponics and experimental 3D printed facades.
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
66
Building Proposition
Design Strategy
AQUAPONICS Combining hydroponics and aquaculture to create mutual benefits with one another with integrated experimental 3D facades. Vertical Farming Exploring different forms of growing food with the means of hydroponics and experimental 3D printed facades. COMMUNITY ALLOTMENT Roof top urban farming in collective community FOOD HARVESTING Provide food to serve local needs BIODEGRADABLE HUSK Waste substrates chosen for mycelium products can be harvest through urban farming
INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
67
Building Proposition Design Strategy
Building Proposition External Perspective
Design Strategy
GREEN LINK Series of green and blue pockets caters to the local community, sharing space among commoners, creating social inclusion and emded green connections from Markfield Park towards Tottenham Hale Train Station. INDUSTRIAL ACTORS Employers Labours Government Local Artist VOLUNTEERS Local communities Specialists Students VISITORS Public
CYCLIST Public
Green pocket Aquaculture Terraced landscape
68
EXTERNAL VIEW FROM PUBLIC SPACE
External ramp, bridging green link to roof top garden
Exploring vertical farming with plug-in facades
Collective communitiy, sharing spaces between industries, users and organisations Green link, social inclusive space with pockets of different green infrastructure
Public witnessing and learning the process of mycelium production
Hybrid spaces, merging the logic behind different sets of processes
Open-source in development and production
Collective communitiy, sharing spaces between industries, users and organisations
VIEW IN MYCELIUM PRODUCTION SPACE
Building Proposition
71
Section A-A
Section A - A
Research Labs
Design Studio
Roof level
Meeting Room
Building Service
Cafeteria
Green Link
Main Lobby
Toilet/Shower 1st floor
3D Print Toilet/Shower
Grd floor
Building Proposition
Regulatory Requirements
A A
Disabled lift
FIRE REGULATIONS 1. Two direction of alternate escape routes are provided. 2. Compartmentalising certain areas for passive fire protection. 3. Circulation in fire protected staircases core are discharged directly to a fire protected final exit on ground floor. 4. Spaces accord within 18 meters running distance from fire staircase.
Fire protected staircase Fire protected exit External fire staircase Compartmentalisation Escape route
72
Building Proposition
Regulatory Requirements
A A
Disabled lift Fire protected staircase Fire protected exit External fire staircase Compartmentalisation Escape route
73
Building Proposition
Economic Collaboration Most of industries in Tottenham Hale applied business-to-consumer conventional (B2C) transactions include clothing, food and furniture. This mode of transactions are mainly about ownership and capitalisation of the economy. A collaborative industries is proposed, formulating peer-to-peer transactions between different user groups, allowing the urban commons to share with local industries and institutions to access resources, technology and information. Collective strength and experiences of talented individual, organisation and leaders can benefit the economy and greatly reduce cost of on the facility. Diagram illustrating conventional interactions of business model which is direct business-to-consumer (B2C) transaction.
74
Building Proposition
Economic Provision
Diagram illustrating proposed framework of collaborative industries - sharing resources, expertise and information with organisation, industries, users and research institutions.
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PART ll
Technical Review
01
Structural Precedent Typology Studies Choice of Strategy
Structural Strategy
Structural Strategy
Choice of Strategy
Concrete and steel are chosen as main structural components for different parts of the buildings. In general, concrete is the primary structure used whereas steel are important elements for the Design Studios and Research Labs.
Concrete Strength and Durability Reinforced concrete has the ability to support large load to be taken place at roof top garden. Concrete gains strength over time, requires low maintenance and can not be weakened by moisture or mould. Fire-resistance Concrete has an effective fire barrier as compared to steel and better thermal mass. Energy Efficiency in Production Concrete uses less energy to produce compared to aluminum and stainless steel.
78
Structural Strategy
Choice of Strategy
Steel Strong Steel is relatively a strong material when measured in terms of strength-to-weight ratio as the weight of steel is lighter than concrete. Choice of using steel is useful when building suspended cantilevered structures such as the Design Studios and external ramps that connects to roof top garden. Visually Aesthetic Exposing raw steel structure can be visually pleasing and portray the programme of this design proposal as an industrial facility. Flexible Steel components can be pre-fabricated and assemble on-site, reducing the construction process. Other sub-components of building such as glass facades and mezzanine floors can be easily joined and disassembled with steel structures.
79
Structural Strategy Structural Typology
ROOF TOP GARDEN STRUCTURE Reinforced concrete beams ROOF TOP STRUCTURE
REFER TO WALL SECTION DETAIL
Steel structure for roof cladding
Primary steel structure for roof FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURE
WALL SECTION
Reinforced concrete beams SECOND FLOOR STRUCTURE AT RESEARCH FACILITY Steel structure for flooring
Steel as secondary structure Glass atrium
Primary steel structure for second floor
Suspended walkways Mezzanine floors GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURE External steel structured ramp
Similar structural typology
FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURE AT DESIGN STUDIO Steel structure for flooring
Lateral steel post Reinforced concrete lift core Reinforced concrete columns as primary structure to support load of roof top garden Reinforced concrete core supports vertical and lateral support of cantilevered structure
Transfer steel trusses
Steel structure for perforated facade cladding Transfer steel trusses
Structural Strategy
Structural Precedents
Shenzhen Stock Exchange l OMA The Stock Exchange’s podium is a 3 storey cantilevered platform that raised for about 36m height. The bold gesture of this podium is framed with primary steel transfer trusses that connects with atrium columns for vertical and lateral supports. [Photo source from Welch, A.J.(2015)]
81
Structural Strategy
Structural Precedents
Gardens by the Bay l Wilkinson Eyre Architects
High levels walkways were build above tree canopies in the Conservatories of Gardens by the Bay. Lateral steel posts are connected to the main frame of the walkway on one side and mounted to the core of the building. [Photo source from Dezeen.(2012)]
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Typical Wall Section Detail
02
Wall-to-Floor Detail Wall-to-Roof Detail
Construction Sequence
Construction Strategy
Construction Strategy
Construction Sequence
SEQUENCE 1 FOUNDATION Reinforced concrete base first established to support columns and structural load to the ground.
84
Construction Strategy
Construction Sequence
SEQUENCE 2 STEEL STRUCTURE Fabricated steel columns and beams are connected with concrete structures. Glass atrium and mezzanine floors can be customised. CONCRETE STRUCTURE Reinforced concrete columns, beams and cores are the primary supports for the building - allows better structural loading support at roof top garden.
85
Construction Strategy
Construction Sequence
SEQUENCE 3 INDUSTRIAL UTILITY Heavy industrial machinery such as composting and pasteurising units should be allocated inside the building before walls and floor panels are built.
86
Construction Strategy
Construction Sequence
SEQUENCE 4 FLOORING Reinforced concrete steel decking is prefabricated and installed on site. Choice of flooring allows larger span compared to conventional cast in-situ reinforced concrete slab and can accommodate steel and concrete structures.
87
Construction Strategy
Construction Sequence
SEQUENCE 5 GLASS ATRIUM Glass panels with steel structure supports allow light into the building. TEMPORARY STRUCTURE Structure built for roof top gardening. ROOF TOP GARDEN Growing medium sits on top of waterproofed concrete slab. Thickness of soil is approximately 600mm thick, allowing choice of plants to be ranging from ground cover to small trees.
Growing medium
Filter fleece Drainage layer Waterproofing membrane
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Construction Strategy
Construction Sequence
SEQUENCE 6
Steel stud Mycelium insulation
INTERNAL WALL Steel framed stud wall divided internal space with mycelium insulation and mycelium composite boards as finishes. EXTERNAL WALL Mycelium cavity brick wall provides insulation and protection to the building. FENESTRATION Mycelium brick Mycelium insulation Mycelium composite board
Mycelium board
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Construction Strategy
Construction Sequence
SEQUENCE 7
EXTERNAL FACADE Glass panels clad with steel supports - allows permeability into industrial building. EXTERNAL RAMP Steel structured ramp connects ground floor to roof top garden. VERTICAL FARMING Steel lattice as structural framework for plug-in 3D printed facades, exploring different alterations of vertical farming.
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Construction Strategy Typical Wall Section Detail
Roof top garden 600mm thk. growing medium Filter fleece Drainage layer Water proofing membrane Reinforced concrete steel decking as primary flooring 100mm thk. mycelium insulation Reinforced concrete as primary structure Refer to cavity wall detail 115mm thk. mycelium brickwall 50mm air space 150mm mycelium insulation with breather membrane and vapour control foil 18mm mycelium composite particle timber board
Steel frame railing
Non-slip steel grated flooring
Steel frame as substructure
Alumn. frame double glazed window
Construction Strategy
Wall-to-Floor Detail
Vapour control foil Reinforced concrete column (main structure) 15mm thk. gypsum fiberboard 50mm thk. mycelium insulation
18mm thk.. mycelium composite particle timber board 150mm thk. mycelium insulation
Breather membrane
Structural tubular steel
115mm thk. mycelium brick
Steel studs frame
50mm thk. air space
200mm ht. vertical leg flashing
Adjustable height pintels secured to studs Reinforced concrete floor slab
150mm ht. concrete raise
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Construction Strategy
Wall-to-Roof Detail
Reinforced concrete upstand beam Concrete cap
200mm ht. min. vertical leg flashing
Reinforced concrete steel decking
50mm thk. mycelium insulation
Side flashing
100mm thk. mycelium roof insulation 115mm thk. mycelium brick
Structural tubular steel
Breather membrane
15mm thk. gypsum fiberboard
50mm thk. air space Adjustable height pintels secured to studs Reinforced concrete column & beam (main structure)
150mm thk. mycelium insulation 18mm thk. mycelium composite particle timber board Steel studs frame Steel bracket
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03
Humidity Control
Cogeneration & CHP
Wall Detail Regulatory Compliances
Environmental Strategy
Environmental Strategy
Regulatory Compliances - U-value
Mycelium cavity wall construction Cavity wall proposed using primarily mycelium products as insulation and environmental protection. Mycelium material are tested to be Class A fire resistance and proven to have good thermal resistance (Ecovative Design,n.d.). Spaces such as Growing room requires an environment with limited heat and moisture loss so that the growth of mycelium can be efficient.
Outside
Inside
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Environmental Strategy
Regulatory Compliances - U-value
Wall Construction
Thickness (m)
Thermal Conductivity (w/mK)
Thermal Resistance (m2K/W)
n/a
n/a
0.44
0.050
0.024
2.08
Breather membrane
n/a
n/a
0.81
Mycelium insulation
0.050
0.04
1.25
Gypsum fibreboard Mycelium insulation Steel frame
0.015 0.150 n/a
0.17 0.04 n/a
0.09 3.75 0.25
Reflective vapour barrier Mycelium composite particle timber board
n/a 0.018
n/a 0.04
0.67 0.45
Total thermal resistance
9.79 m2K/W
Mycelium brickwork outer leaf Air Space
U - value
0.10 W/m2
U-value calculation for mycelium cavity wall construction. Materials shown from external to internal. Thermal resistance for mycelium insulation is R3.6 similar to high-density fiberglass batts. Thermal conductivity value for mycelium insulation is obtained using fiberglass material as reference. Mycelium composite particle timber board assumed same thermal resistance with mycelium insulation as the process of making them is similar approach. Source: Hugens, P. et.al. (2010) ,Proctorgroup.Ltd. (n.d.) ,Du Pont. (n.d.)
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Environmental Strategy
Wall Detail
Outside
Inside
Lower temperature
Higher temperature
Dew point gradient
Temperature
Reflective vapour barrier
Thickness
Diagrams illustrating proposed cavity wall detail to minimise temperature and humidity loss. (Slone, H. (2008)
97
Environmental Strategy
Wall Detail
Outside
Inside
Lower temperature
Higher temperature
Continuous insulation
Diagrams illustrating on the solution to address thermal bridging on steel studs. (Slone, H. (2008)
98
Environmental Strategy Humidity Control
Using cavity wall system as an envelope to the building, heat and moisture loss will be minimised, resulting a more suitable comfort level for mycelium to grow on products. Moisture level of Growing room can be regulated through the use of adjacent 2 floors of Toilet/ Shower, whereby moist ambiance can be absorbed, filtered and used for humidify the Growing room. To regulate humidity and temperature of environment, additional air can be let out through the use of mechanical ventilation
Adjacent Toilet/ Shower Moist air is absorbed and filtered through mechanical ventilation Creating humid and room temperature environment Proposed cavity wall with air space and insulation
99
Environmental Strategy
Co-generation & CHP
Image illustrating concept of Co-generation and Combined Heat and Power to generate electricity and heat. (Image source from Clarke Energy, n.d.) These forms of energy can be accumulated to heat and power up the building at reduced energy cost and emissions as compared to electrical generators and boilers system.
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Environmental Strategy Co-generation & CHP
100mm thk...... Concrete slab cover with finishes on top Deposed mycelium waste
Heat tubing Wiremesh
Underslab: metal corrugated concrete decking
Composting process
Heat exchange process through hydroponic radiant floors Boiler exchange cool water to hot water Co-generator: convert biogas into electricity Fertiliser for allotment
Methane gas collected as biofuel
Application of Co-generation & CHP By proposing concrete floor radiant heat system, the efficiency of heating up the building would be sustainable, cost and energy saving as compared to conventional direct heating. (Energy.Gov.2012)
Part of the mycelium production is to compost deposed mycelium waste into fertilisers to grow food and waste substrates. At the same time, methane gas can be collected from compost to generate electricity and heat to the building.
101
Environmental Strategy
Co-generation & CHP
Proposed location of cogenerators and boilers Proposed location of composting unit to produce biofuel
Diagram illustrating the proposed location of boiler, co-generators and composting units.
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Bibliography Ecovative Design. (n.d.) The Future of Insulation: Grow-in-Place Mushroom Insulation. [Online] Available from: http://www.ecovativedesign.com/products-and-applications/downloads/ mushroominsulation1113.pdf [Accessed: 17th May 2015] Energy.Gov.(2012) Radiant Heating. [Online] Available from: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/ radiant-heating [Accessed: 17th May 2015] Etherington, R. (2008) High School #9 by Coop Himmelb(l)au. [Online] Available from: http://www. dezeen.com/2008/12/23/high-school-9-by-coop-himmelblau/ [Accessed: 20th May2015] Haringey Council. (2015) Facts and Figures: Haringey in a Nutshell. [Online] Available from: http:// www.haringey.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/about-council/facts-and-figures [Accessed: 20th May 2015] Hugens, P. et.al. (2010) Thermal Performance Comparison of Timber Stud and Steel Stud Walls. [Online] Available from: http://greenbeing.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Steel-vs-Timber-wallstuds_finalv2.pdf [Accessed: 17th May 2015] Klarenbeek, E. (n.d.) Designer of the Vnvsval. [Online] Available from: http://www.ericklarenbeek. com/ [Accessed: 17th May 2015] Masonry Systems. (n.d.) Cavity Wall: Brick Veneer/Steel Stud. [Online] Available from: http://www. masonrysystems.org/wall-systems/cavity-wall-brick-veneer-steel-stud/ [Accessed: 17th May 2015] Proctorgroup.Ltd. (n.d.) Reflectashield TF0.81. [Online] Available from: http://www.proctorgroup. com/products/reflectashield-tf-0-81 [Accessed: 17th May 2015]
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