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L E C T U R E P R O J E C T LA203 l Cal Poly Pomona l Spring 2016 Hyunji Kim
See the Lexicon
LEXICON ENTRIES
Write in Response To Reading
THEORY RESPONSE EXTERNAL DISCUSION RESPONSE
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INDIVIDUAL INSIGHTS
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PHOTO ESSAYS
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Witness A Discusion Personal Introspection Photography
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Agumented Landscape ugmented landscape was first inherited from the understanding of landscapes and it helps with approaching towards new living landscape. Augmented Landscape is a desirable design process to constitute development for potential benefits and opportunities of a specific site.
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SW
NE
14 12 Wind Pressure (psf )
10 8 6 4 2 0
0.1
0.2
0.3 0.4
Wind Speed (mph)
Focusing on natural elements surrounding the site. For this case, the diagramshows wind pressure and wind speed.
The fences between lake and Pedestrian Street disconnect act as threshold. Inside is more likely to be private site and outside of fence are like public space. WI though the feces, they will have more opportunity to connect people to the site.
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LA 203 | LECTURE PROJECT
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Mutability Mutability is a form of transformation that changes throughout individual’s perception that varies by it’s scale. According to Daniel Botki n, “Miniature of the biosphere in moose’s stomach. In microscopic scale, we can figure out that there is a symbiotic relationship between the moose and anaerobic bacteria”. -Power of tens, film
Sega palm is growing on the elephant tree.. IIt is rare situation and it cahnged our perspetion about plant speices.
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LA 203 | LECTURE PROJECT
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Scope Landscape Scope of landscape is a careful examination about spaces; It can also be referred as site conditioned. For example, very time when we work on the site, we have to research about history and information that is relevant to the site because nothing can exist without tabula rasa.
Circle can be ellips or even rectangle by adding or deleting lines. They are different geometirc shapes but it is the same process. Depending on how you understand the shape, they could be defined as just a form created by lines.
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LA 203 | LECTURE PROJECT
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Sun li ght \
2008 Drained due to elevated level of carcinogen bromate
Algae
The Silver Lake South Outlet Chlorination Station
Chlorine (Cl2) Bromides(Br-)
When i come to the Silver Lake Reservoir, first impression was what is going on in this site.
Bromite (BrO3-)
Reserching about the site help us understand better. The diagram shows why Silver Lake Resercoir ended u stoping supply as potable water.
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Rambunctious garden This term reminds me of national park. In my opinion, park system is the best solution to preserve nature so far. As Emma Maris said, “Nothing is pristine. The park is manipulated by man, however still rambunctious because nature is still evolving�.
These plants are survived on concrte cracks Natue is dynamic and they are adapting to a new environment
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Beauty There is no absolute standard of beauty in nature, in other words, ugliness of nature can be another way of expressing beauty condition. For example, deciduous tree loses its leaves in winter; however the bark and branch reveals its own beauty only in winter.
the different type of circle are occupied randomley occupied in a space. However, they can’t go out of the square box. The elements in the square is very dynamic but the space is controlled by suqare.
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Although the tree is dead, it is used as sitting area or focal point in the garden. It isn’t nessary that onyl living things are beauty.
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Dead tree or cut tree can be used as benches. The size can vary depending on how you cut. Beauty is not about aesthic point of view, however, the way it funition can be also part of beauty because they are benenficial to people.v
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Figure and ground Figure and Ground helps to interpret spatial relationships along the landscapes. Furthermore, it can blur the boundaries between binary conditions. For example, Spiral jetty by Robert Smithson, the artist uses immediate landscapes so that it helps to move beyond its binary condition.
The Spire, Presidio, San Francisco by Andy Goldsworthy. The artist built sculpture using materials of the immediate landscape. The 37 cypress trunk reveals the layering of the nature and history in the Presidio
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Pattern Patterns can be found in everywhere and used as a configuration to define system or signs. Sometimes, patterns can be easily defined as Pete walker’s Oyama Training Center in Japan. Patterns can change depending on what you are focusing. For instance, Michel Desvigne’s models shows shifting of pattern by using densities of the trees, spaces, and colors.
The contrast between black and white space help to see the landscape. For example, black square can represent private building in the street and white space can be public space.
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41-50%
21-30%
11-20%
31-40%
Diesel PM Pctl 79.03,Traffic Pctl 96.81 ,Groundwater Threats Pctl 54.98 Hazardous Waste Pctl 37, Imparied Water Bodies 63.87
Glendale
CalEnviroScreen 1.0 Result Polluted Area in Los Angeles
Norteast L.A
Hollywood
Silver Lake Reservoir
Pb
1-10% (highest score)
Diesel PM Pctl 97.85,Groundwater Threats Pctl 85 ,Hazardous Waste Pctl 65.82, Imparied Water Bodies 76.11
Groundwater
Each individual cube have it’s own desgin stregy, however, when all th pieces get togher, it create new pattern of the design. For example, one elelments react with other elements next to it or opposite side.
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D This diagram shows polluted area in Los Angeles. More line are densely placed, it means the area is seriously polluted. The use of the line work create pattern; the line works function as defining sign.
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Balance Balance is a way to apply visual weights; and is composed arrangement of elements within a space. For example, asymmetrical landscape like zen garden, the different elements helps to spread visual weight as well as harmonizing each other.
The rock , sculpture is balanced on two concrete shelves.
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Manipulated Manipulation is not only about controlling a landscape. Manipulations is more about how to control individual’s perception. From Richard Serra’s Shift, “its concrete forms guide people to see the changes in the topography of the landscape, depending on where you stand on”.
A
B
The image A is bottom weighted while B is not. Thus, A seems to be balanced while B is not.
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d
ing
win
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ev
Pr
Splashing of water
Flow of water
Crissy Fields, San Francisco The top of the mound is pretty flat so that it aligns with horizontal line. As you step on the stairs, the view start to chainging.
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By manipulating with wall , when water flow and hit the surface of the wall, it creates splashing sound. Water can overflow to next wall, depending on water movement.
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Scale Scale is a method about understanding of overall landscapes and objects. From using scale, individuals can estimate the size of the space or object. Also, scale is a relationship between objects.
Human figure can be used as reference scale so that we can estimate approximate height and size using human figure.
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A
T R
B
Both of the section drawings are scaled. However, the difference between two drawing is that A does not have reference scale. In draiwng B, there is human figure. We can estimate approximately size using human scale
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Rambunctious Garden, Emma Marris Weeding the jungle
Nothing is pristine wilderness in reality. Nature has been evolving, adapting new environment and I believe ecosystem is still evolving. For example, plant’s ancestor is aquatic green algae. Plants were evolved to terrestrial environments and they provided a source of food for animals. In Hawaii, some scientists are trying to restore native plants. In order to restore them, they set a baseline to analysis the site at that time. In my opinion, there is no exact baseline. Since earth is changing, baseline should have been changed already. For example, in Hawaii, even though native plants became extinct, nonnative plants could evolve to match their environment. They functions even better than native plants, in other words, they are of benefit to us. According to “Survival of the fittest”, Extinction is part of nature evolution because the extinct species didn’t have ability to survive dramatic change in environment. I think the important thing is that instead how to go back to baseline, we should consider what is happening now in our ecosystem. In Southern California, we are dealing with invasive plants. Some people say that plants rated as invasive in California should be banned from being sold in nurseries. On the other hand, some people says that since California has Mediterranean climate, invasive plants can become non invasive plant depending on climate. For example, some plants are invasive in inland while they are noninvasive in coastal area. However, for the problem for invasive weeds and seeds, we should educate people what are the invasive or what could be alternate noninvasive plants. That is the first step we should go forward.
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Non native plant
Native plant
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Projective Ecology Flood Control Freakology: Los
The Los Angeles River is described as manmade web of vascular networks and a shattered mosaic of public and private ownership. In other words, the L.A. River is not about water system; it is very complex matrix of boundaries. The River is composed of social operation and invisible ownership such as Army Corps of Engineer. Conversely, there are no jurisdictions for controlling the river; the political agencies have considered only claim on water movement, maintenance, and law enforcement. Human made a highly infrastructural water freeway for our benefits but people are evading all responsibility for anthropogenic activities. Currently, revitalization of the L.A. River becomes big issue in Southern California. The process is cooperated with major jurisdictions so that they should have respective responsibility for the process and outcome. Freakology refers to mutated ecology caused by human activities. Our mission is to develop new narrative of freacology. Some people want to remove the concrete from the river. However, it is impossible to restore the river back to original state because there is no baseline. For example, Cheonggye Stream Project in South Korea. It is successful riverfront project; it helps to increase in biodiversity and decrease air pollution and so on. However, there is side effect; the water has to pump from the large Han River which means it costs a lot of money. Also, when a storm comes, people may be trapped in the stream and cause a mass stranding of fishes. It is a challenging to complete restoration of the Ecological Function. Therefore, we need to understand river’s characteristics and consider outcome.
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Human caused activities
Man made reservoir
natural lavee
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Altas of Novel Tectonics Geometry
Geometry refers to the shape of something and it can be used as a form to reveal meaning. In terms of landscape design, for example, Tongva Park in Santa Monica, there are a lot of geometric shapes in the park. People will experience the park differently depending on where they look at the park as whole or as individual parts. I think it is very powerful when people overlook the site because they can observe how each individual geometric form is actually balancing with each other. However, individual geometric parts also provide people different perspective at different scale. To be specific, some forms function as screen or it can guide people to remove to other area. In terms of similarity and difference, for example, natural levee and concrete channel are functioning the same way. Only difference is that one is created by nature while another one is manmade. In terms of difference in degree, although kind is the similar to each other, the outcome will be different. In other words, it is restricted or free. For example, movable chair and table at Grand Park in Los Angeles, the chairs and tables provide not only people freedom to sit where they want to, it also offers more interaction than park with fixed benches. Also, the color of the chairs at Grand Park makes people attract and invite more people to the park. As compared to other park, Grand Park is more like open space with movable chairs. People can observe how people are occupying the public space. It is like filed condition. Figure is people and field is the park.
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Natural Resources Surrougding the area
Water
Augmented Landscapes The Geofluidic Landscape Geofluidic landscape is a series of layers that reveals relationship between geological landscape and other structure. It is about how to explore natural or surrounding landscape into design process. The Grand Egyptian Museum design proposal, the design is focused on natural elements such as water, light, tidal flow and so on; various mechanical systems help translate the design into reality. For example, they use water as a source of kinetic energy that can provide useful sources for the building. In terms of sustainable design, they use the flow of water in order to cool the building and utilize prevailing wind to help purify the museum’s stale air.
Weather
Gelogoy
Wind
Sun
Los Angeles has average of 15.4 inches of rainfall; rainwater, possible resources, has been directly flushed into ocean. Our ultimate goal is to create effective designs based on limited water supply. Postdamer Plaza designed by Studio Dreiseitl is one of the examples for sustainable designs. They created new water cycle, specifically; they collect rainwater in cistern and reuse the water for irrigation and waterscape for urban life. Also, phytoremediation help to filter polluted water from urban runoff. The new water cycle is like closed loop system because the new water circuit brings the output (evaporation) back to a desired value (rainwater). In addition, it helps to reduce the use of nonrenewable energy. Eventually, in order to design better water cycle for urban city, we need highly sophisticated “computer decision making processes” and “its input, logic gates, and outputs” help to create better sustainable design. Ultimately, technology, innovation, and science are the valuable sources that help advance
Design Process
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Field Condition Stan ellen Figure and ground in filed condition help people to see the landscape and understand it better. The field condition drawing from the reading, there are white and black space. It means we can easily define what positive and negative spaces are. For example, positive space represents the public area in the city while white (positive) space represents public space. Field condition means more than its drawing; there is “a thickening and intensification of experience at specified moments within the extended field”. In other words, field condition is about space relationship like how a building functions within a setting, culture, and time. Also, we should not neglect the cultural relationship within field condition. As a designer, we should consider how our design can benefits the users and culture they exist within a space. For example, Isuma Noguchi is a set designer and landscape architect. The way he design the space is more focusing on human experience and interaction. In particularly, California Scenario, angular plane, organic forms and natural elements harmonize with corporate structures surrounding. He used abstract metaphor for characteristics of California. The crack filled with water illustrates the function of water source. People can experience different types of forest such as California redwoods and desert. Also, “Spirit of the Lima Bean”, a sculpture in the garden helps to educate peoples about the earlier use of the site. Therefore, he created a rule to orientate the specific elements or set; the rule leads people to experience and interact within the space.
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Going live Live,living, lived These three words (live, living, lived) are related time. When landscape architect works on their design, we should consider time sequences; in other words, we actually design time with systems. To be specific, before we design, we should reflect on history of the site because nothing can exist without tabula rasa. Basically we go back to the stage of “lived” to learn what was there before and how it used to work in that area. Then, second step is live landscape in contemporary time. We can figure out the change of landscape use over time. The process from urban sprawl to new urbanism is the example. Los Angeles County is one of the densest urban areas in the United States. In the past, as population increased, people tended to move to suburbs or rural area. However, it increased traffic and air pollution because people have to commute from suburban to cities. However, it brought out heavy traffic on freeway and increased air pollution. New Urbanism came out later. It is an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods with a range of housing and job. However, new urbanism resulted in car oriented development and they only focused on building walkability city; they didn’t think about how people occupy space. In contemporary time and for the future, we are more considering about sustainability urbanism. I think it’s about how to make landscape more function in sustainable way. Therefore, we should consider about how to design regenerative city system. Overall, infrastructure space is a form; it is more like updating form that keep changing to handle new circumstances as time goes by.
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E x t e r n a l D s i c u s s i o n R e s p o n s e
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Productive Landscape by Roxi Like Emma said that there is no pristine nature anymore; we can barely find first nature today. I think second nature would work better than third nature as long as nature and human are well balanced. Productive landscape is an integration of nature and human. In addition, it is continuous activity that creates new things or restore ecosystem in order to make ecology productive. It is like we are doing in the studio; we keep making lots of study models and sometimes we find out that few models actually help us to explore the concept. Also, in order to create productive landscape, we should collaborate with experts, time, and even with non human agents. One of the examples is wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone national park. In 1995, human reintroduced wolves into Yellowstone Ecosystem to manage elf population. They played important role on restoration of ecosystem. Renewal of ecosystem is a challenging project since nature is adapting to new environment. We cannot predict consequences after revitalization of the ecosystem. However, human can help restore mutated ecosystem. In relation to Los Angeles, question is how we recover second nature as a design inquiry. Groundwater level is declining due to overdraft. For water conservation response to drought we need to increase local water supplies. Storm water management and reclaimed wastewater are infrastructural solution. Wetland as natural filtration, it does provide shelter for habitats and help to recharge groundwater. Weather it is manmade or natural infrastructure, we can recover second nature with these programs.
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Human
Nature
Bowtie Project
Renewal of ecosystem
Productive Nature
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A lot of cultural events are happening at the Bow tie Parcel. Due to that, a great number of people visit and explore the events and LA River. The purpose of the Bowtie Project is to develop Public Park. It provides various programs such as Woodbury ACE Center Design Studio, LA River Campouts and Education program and so on. Overall, it provides both natural and social environment. From cultural events, people can consider about social justice along the river. LA River and its surrounding lands are still neglected although they are great possibilities for future uses such as recreational park etc. Therefore; we need more programs like Bow Tie Project in other area of LA River. The programs will help bring more people’s attention to the river and will have more opportunities to educate next generation about the LA River. The bow tie parcel is naturalized bed, which means that it provides habitats for wildlife and plants. Thus, this site is considered as important component of LA river revitalization. That is why Mia Lehrer Associates and California State Park tired LA River restoration project on 2015. On the other hand, another issue is that invasive plants such as fountain grass are taking over native plants at the site. Continuous managements are required in order to protect native plants from introduced species. Southern California has been suffering from severe drought for four years. Recycled water at bow tie parcel is a potential source for irrigation and other uses, in particularly, Southern California. Moreover, since it is a soft bottom, it can help recharge groundwater. However, we cannot rely on recycled water; the problem is that the channelized
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SOFT BOTTOM
Concrete on the side
Recharing Groundwater
I n d i v i d u a l I n s i g h t s
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Individual insight
Individual insight
From pieces and parts assignment, we explored scale, field condition, and space occupied by human figure. We used different materials like wood, brush, dowels, and basswood. Each material has its own characteristic. It means each has different sense of weight. Also, depending on how you orientate the material, you can create really dense forest to block people’s view or less dense so that people can see through the forest. In other words, using different material, we can provide people different perspective. Fundamental design principles like composition, movement help me a lot to create critical pieces. For this project, Individual was working on their pieces. At the end, we combined all our pieces and it becomes one part. From the exercise, I thought that we can consider details of the design; however, it is important that how our design work as a whole.
In order to create critical design, investigation and analysis of the site are the most important process before we actually start working on design. Mapping process is necessary; based on the research, sketch or digital or digital format of map help you to visualize and understand all the information you get. Also, based on the mapping, you can create various rules that can be applied to your site. For critical combined model, when we interact with different rules to create one model, we actually understand how one rule affects to other rule and your model will change every time you add another rule. However, at the end, all the rules are interacting with each other, creating one critical design with strong concept. Moreover, communication with other people is big part of design process. In reality, landscape architect work with multidisciplinary, and when they conflict with idea or other issue, we should negotiate.
Bicycle lane More walking space
Bridge in Reservoir
Recyclable Water
v
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Inte
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Wetlands
New Park System
rac
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More Vegetation
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More Pedestrian space
Native Planting
Oc Se
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m tion gra rea Pro Rec ter of wa ent rm tm par of k De eau Par Bur ent em L.A vice nag y of Cit et Ser Ma Stre Waste L.A tem Sys
Permeable Paving
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L.A
Opportunity Hum
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Eco
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Po Be tent ne ial fic iarie
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1966 1877 . Stonewal . 1907 Ivanhoe l Riots . Trac 1912 Silver Lake t Rese Aust rvoi Rese 2007 ralia r built n Euca rvoir LAD built 2011 WP lypt trea Silve us r Lake ted cont were plan Mea amin ted dow ated ope wate ned r
tor
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°C No
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His
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Sto L.A
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Ani ma Inse ls Pla ct nts
Jul
Jun
Irrigation Bioremediation Phytoremediation
Observation Tower
De
°C
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°C Oc
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16’ 0’
North
48’ 32’
0 °C
64’
Precipitation
Se
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Ap
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South Empidonex Difficilis | Pacific-slope flycatcher
RSC-1A Tunnel
Condensation
0 °C
Au
g Liquid
Ma
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Gas
Hydroelectric Power Plant
O 1. base 2. H+
OR
°C
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Setophaga occidentalis | Hermit Walber Danaus plexippus | Monarch butterfly
Fe
b
Kenwood Marsh Checker bloom | Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida
30
4hr
Silver Lake Bypass Tunnel
O
Winter | Sunrise
Proposed Headworks Reservoir
OR
Winter | Sunset 5hr
16hr 15hr
y
14hr
6hr East
°C
Apis mellifera | Western honeybee
40
O
Jul
°C
7hr
13hr
10hr
Jan y
b
Ma
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30
Summer | Sunset
20
r
Fe
11hr
60 40
Summer | Sunrise
Ap
Pelecanus erythrohynchos | White Pelican
10
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha | Chinook Salmon
Gambusia affinis | Western mosquitofish
70
12hr
50
Ma Jan
Anus platyrhynchas | Mallard
80
9hr
Transpiration
Lyons Pentachaeta | Pentachaeta lyonii
West
8hr
Jun °C
North
1
Planck’s constant = 6.26 x 10^-34
Sun l igh t\
1
Falk Apartments / Rudolph Schlinder
2
Sachs Apartments / Rudolph Schlinder
8
Orans House/ Gregory Ain
3
Droste House / Rudolph Schlinder
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Sabsay House/ J.R Davidson
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Ohara House / Richard Nuetra
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VDL House / Richard Nuetra
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Inadomi House/ Richard Nuetra
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Ain & Garrot Studio/ Gregory Ain
2008 Drained due to elevated level of carcinogen bromate
Pb
2:30.00
2:00.00
3:00.00
3:30.00
100Db 90 80 70 60
Flow of contaminated water into the groundwater Groundwater
50
6
The Silver Lake South Outlet Chlorination Station Algae
40 30 20
9
10
Chlorine (Cl2)
0
Bromides(Br-)
8
Bromite (BrO3-)
1
5
2 3
7
4
Hyunji Kim l Gustavo Coronilla l LA203 l Mapping and Recon
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LA 203 | Individual Insights l 53
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y Form this course, we should go to the site and observe information as many as possible such as weather, people’s movement, car traffic, noise level, wind pressure etc. We explored sequence narrative and trivial familiar, and built frames. These exercises guide us to see and think unusual way which was interesting. For the narrative sequences, we have to observe living things and measured the time in order to make the drawing.
LA 203 | Photo Essay l 55
Form this course, we should go to the site and observe information as many as possible such as weather, people’s movement, car traffic, noise level, wind pressure etc. We explored sequence narrative and trivial familiar, and built frames. These exercises guide us to see and think unusual way which was interesting. For the narrative sequences, we have to observe living things and measured the time in order to make the drawing.
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