Comment 014 April 1986

King's College London (KQC) newsletter

NEW FELLOWS ANNOUNCED

FOWLER REPORT - THE STUDENT

The following have been elected a Fellows of the College:

VIEW It i stated in the hire Paper on Social Se urity Reform that students hould ultimatel} be removed from the State benefit } [em and hould rely on their Local Education uthority grant

Profe or Bernard Ashmole Born I 94, educated Hertford College, Oxford, Craven Fellow, Briti h Schools, Athen and Rome 1910-22. CBE (1957), MC, M ,BLitt: Hon FRlBA: FB ; Hon Fellow Lincoln College Oxford ( 1980) Hon ellow niver ity College London ( 1974). Hon Fellow Hertford ollege Oxford ( 1961), isiting Profe or hip (including ale), Director, British School at Rome 19_5 - 2 ,Yales Profe or of la ical rchaeology, niver ity of London 19:!9 -4 . Keeper of G reek and Roman ntiquitles, British u eum 193956: Lincoln Profe or of Cia sical rchaeolog}-, Univer it} of Oxford, 1956- 60.

The implication of thl sunple 'talement are Ide-ranging and pOlentlally very criou when the effects of inflation, IncrcasJOg accommodalion co t and the decrease in the level 0 tudent finanCIal upport in real terms are examined closely.

continued on p.2, col. 1

continued on p.2 col. 2

It was originally intended that the White

Paper would be issued alongside Sir Kelth Jo eph's propo al temming Irom a revICw of student financial upport. ir Keith ha

Sir Monty finniston delhered the first Chelsea CommemoraTion [ecrure aT The King's Road i:ampus on Tuesday 1arch /8.

The Principal, in introducing Sir MOnT} , paid TribUTe to The role he had played ill the process of merger and to The guod sense and reality he had brought to discussions. lie introduced him, however, /lot as a former, or current, College Council memher bUT as a teacher oj illTemational diStin-1 etwn and renowll who !lad made major contributions to The industrial and scientific life or T!Ie coulltn路. As t!le lecture iTself then showed. Sir MOIlT} waJ to contri路 hUTc In un noen wider and quiTe provOcaTlvc jashion to dcbale on Ihe place of scicnc拢, and indeed uf learning, in an ol'crall scheme Of /tfe.

The full texI of SII' Monty s leClUre, 'Science is nOI enough " is included as a special supplemenl TO this editIOn.

THE CHELSEA LECTURE HISTORY OF QEC MARK BAILEY APPEAL UPDA TE Bob Warmisham pictured with his family in the Senior Common Room on 25 March. during a reception to mark his eight years service with the College. Many friends and colleagues were present to wish him well in his retirement; to show that his talents as Head Porter had not gone unappreciated, Bub was presented by Myles Tempany with a cheque for 拢200, which he will be donating to St Joseph 's Hospice, as well as receiving personal gifts and cards.

GRADUATIO

PICTURES

+ HA VE YOU GOT BOOKLICE?

continued from p.l Profe or Janet Margaret Bately Born 1932, educated Somerville College, Oxford, BA, MA. Shaw Lefevre Scholar, Sir Israel Goilancz Memorial Lecturer, British A adem 197, Member of Council. Early Engli h Text Society 19 l-, Professor of Engli h Language and Medieval Literature 19 7-, Head of Department of Engli h Language and Literature 19 0 -, Dean, Faculty of Artsl982 - 4.

Profes or Leslie Hough Born 1925, educated University of Manchester BSc, MSc, PhD, University of Bri tol DSc, Vice Pre ident of Perkin Division and member of the ouncil of the Royal Society of hemistry 198486, Haworth Medal and Lecture hip of the Royal Society of Chemi try 1984 - 86.

Fullbright Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Purdue University, Indiana 1952 - 53.

Profe or and Head of Department of Chemi try, Queen Elizabeth College 196685, Vice-Principal, Queen Elil.abeth College 1980 - 85, Professor of Chem i try, King's College 1985 Canon Eric James Born 1925, .educated King's o liege London, BD, AKC. Chaplain of Trinity College, Cam bridge 1955 - 59, elect preacher to the niversity of Cam bridge 1959 - 60, anon of Southwark 1964 - 73, Canon of S t Albans 1973 - 3, Preacher to Gray's Inn 1978 -, Chaplain to H M the Queen 19 4 - , currently Director of Chri tian Action.

Professor Barry Cuthbert Leighton Born 1920, educated King's College Hospital School of Dental Surgery, LDS, RCS eng, HDD, DDO RFPS Glasgow, MDS London. Odont Doctor, Karslinska Stockholm 1981, Feasby Lecturer, Western Univer ity Ontario 1984, Editor of British Journal of Orthodontics 1983· , Visiting Professor, Western University Ontario 1977.

As istant Lecturer King's College Hospital School of Dental Surgery 1949, Senior Lecturer 1952 Reader 1964, Profes or 1968. Head of Department of Orthodontics 1954 - 5 (retirement). Secretary Dental ducation Advi ory Council 19731985 President. British Society for the Study of Orthodontics 1970 - 7 1.

Derek Mende Da Costa Born 1929, educated King's College London, University of Melbourne, Harvard University. Intermediate Laws Scholarship, John Mackrell Prize, City of London Solicitors' Company Grotius Prize.

Queen's Counsel 1972 (Ontario), ViceChairman, Legal Education Committee 1983 - , Assistant Lecturer in Law, King's College London 1955 - 58, Professor.

Osgoode Hall Law School 1965, University of Toronto 1968 - 77. Chairman, Ontario Law Reform Commission 1972 - , Honorary Vice-President, Friends of King's College London in Canada.

Sir Hugh Rossi, MP Born 1927, educated King' College London elected as an MP (Conservative) in 1956, Government Whip 1970 - 72, Treasury 1972 - 74, Department of nvironment 1974, Mini ter of State, 'orthern Ireland Office 1979 - 1.

Knighted 19 3. continued from p.l now abandoned hi review after it wa found that the opposition to his pu blicly tated position on the introduction of student loan was too great. Unfortunately the Secretary of State for Social Services orman Fowler, ha not adapted hi propo als in the light of Sir Keith's cancellation of the review of tudent financial support.

i) At the beginning of the academic year 19 6/ 7, tudent in Hall of Re idence, Head Lease propertie and ollege-owned propertie will 10 e the right to claim Houing Benefit. t the ame time. students Jj ing in private rented accommodation wiIJ b regarded a ha ing an amount in their grant to co er the rent in short vacation and will have their Hou ing Benefit a es ed only once for the whole a ademic year. including the hort acation.

Also, tudents who do not receiv grants, for example students in the Further Education ector, will be unable to claim supplementary or unemployment benefit in the short vacations.

Since 1979, the value of the student grant has decreased by 20% in real terms. This figure has been confirmed by the Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Higher Education.

U) Total disentitlement of students from all welfare benefits will apply in the year 1987/ . This also includes benefits usually claimed if the student i unable to find a job.

During thi ame period, tu dents have seen accommodation cost ri ing faster than the increase in the main rate of the student grant. In excess of 60% of a student's income now goes on board and residence costs.

By way of compensation, the Government plans to increase the level of the grant by 2% to £2,210 per academic year for the year 1986/87, and to add an extra £36 to compensate for the loss of benefits due to the Social Security Reform propo als. Unfortunately, this £36 will also be subject to the normal mean -test procedure and some parents will find themselves paying some or all of this figure.

Also, the amount parent are expected to pay to "top up" the grant ha increased by 170% since 1979. Unfortunately, many parents (43% nationally) are either unable or unwilling to make up this difference and, consequently, a significant proportion of student do not receive the full level of grant they are enlitled to.

As indicated above, it is the intention of the Government to exclude students from many of the benefit that they have been entitled to, due to their low level of income, since 1966. This will happen in two distinct stages: --

So, a student on a full grant will apparently be £2.40 per week better off in termtime and £ 1.0 I per week better off in vacation time. However, since inflation is likely to run at about 5% next year, I REAL TERMS, a student will be £0.90 per week worse off in term time and £0.37 per week worse off in the short vacations. So, even if student accommodation costs do not rise at all next year, students will actually be worse off than they are now.

ACADEMIC YEAR

TYPE OF ACCOMMODATIO

RE T (£)jweek

1986/87 19 7/ 8

Short-life Short-life

12.60 13.25

143.40 803.25

1986/87 1987/

Head-Lease Head-Lea e

29.50 31.00

472.20 1366.34

1986/87 1987/8

Private ector Private Sector

29.50 31.00

209.00 1366.34

19 6/ 7

ollege Hall (Double room) College Hall (Double room)

?.7 .00

160.20

2 .35

666.05

19 7/88 1986/87 19 7/ 8 1986/ 7 19 7/ 8

DETRlME T (£)jyear

College Hall (Single room) College Hall (Single room)

20.90

46.74

21.95

574.01

Student" .."Average verage Student"

2 .10 29.50

239.16 1306.94

I

WH T THIS

ILL

£

TO US

The figure in the table above make ertain assumption:

or from the 'ationaJ VOlon 0 Students at ,'eI on ~andela Hou e, 461 Hollo a> Road, LO, 'DO. -, .'~ tel _ -~ 00),

i) Inflation and a ommod tIOn co ts) will ontinue to r e by -0/ per year. ii) Tht: tudent gr nt ea h year.

ill onI> ri e by te

tudent" figure is dedued from data in the niver lty of London Ac 'ommodatlon Survey. ill) The "Average

I

These figure appear in the Student ' nion document, "Reform of So ial Security - A Programme for Action: The Fowler White Paper - The Implications", copIes of which are available from the office of the cting General Secretary at the Kensington Campus tel937 I 94 9714 or 9375411 ext 294/495 ,giving full detail abou t the con equences 01 the Fowler ReView.

The proposal may mean that students who ome from low or even middle income familie will be compelled to live at home and maybe prevented from entering higher education at all, or re tricted in theu choice of cour I.' to instllutions clo I.' to home.

I n hi article m IS ue 13 of "Comment" the College Finance Officer note that the po tgraduate recruitment level projections "have proven to be optimistic", which ha caused a hortfall in income.

If costs in all areas of student recruitment continue torise as they have done and the qUl'eze on student finances continues. the College may find that all tudent recruitment level projections could prove [0 be optimistic.

Unless the Government change its mind , about either the way the Social Security reforms affect student or the level of tu dent financial suppo~t, the Student Union Cl' a bleak future for student this College and all higher education.

WHATC

BE DO E?

The ollege Council ha con idered the matter of the Fowler Review and expre sed its grave concern abou t it effects. A letter has been sent to Sir Keith 10 eph and to orman Fowler, igned by the Principal and the Acting General Secretary on behalf of the Council (reproduced below).

e are", riting to let> ou kno\\- of the very grave con ern hi h ha been e pre ed by the Coun 11 regarding the effect which the proposed reform of the Social Security y tern as outlined in the December White Paper will have on tudent.

It i clear in our view that the primary re pon ibility for tudent financial upport hould rest with the Department 0 Education and Science through the y tern of grants admini tration by Local Education uthoritie . However, thcn~ i ample I.' idence that the current level of student grants IS simply not adequate to meet the ba lC needs of students without as istance from elsewhere. Since 197'1 the value of tudent grant has dropped by 20% in real terms, a figure which we under tand ha been confirmed by the Parliamentary nder-Secretary of S tatl.' for Higher Education.

Student have been eligible to 'Iaim Social ecurit> benefit since 1966 and while it cannot be regarded as In any wa satisfactory that the Social SecurIty systl.'m hould be u cd to supplementtudent grants, because of the failure of thl.' lalter to keep up with inflation many tudent have been faced with no alternative. In practice, whatever Government's intentIOn, thl.' awards system has become a dual- upport sy tern funded partly by your Dl'partment and partly oy the DHS .

We under tand that the DJ:- has given an undertaking that therl.' \\-ould be a review of the granL system to coincide with the reform of Social Security and It was our hope that thl would nghtome olthe anomahe and place tudent grant on a firmer basi for the future. In oVl'mber last you announced that the revie\\- had ol.'en abandoned. Yet the implication for the tudent up port 'y tern lamed in the December White Paper on ocial Security Reform could hardly be lllore radilal: student of this College could lose a much as £1,10 per annum.

We understand that it i intended that the reforms of the Social Security system hould be enacted in the current session of The Students' Union would ask every mem- Parliament. !though this leave very little ber of staff reading this arti le to do the time, we and the other member of King's same or write to their own MP expressing College Council would urge you to contheir concern. sider even at thi late hour whether something can be done to ameliorate the harshFurther information is available from the ness of those reforms insofar as they affect Students' Union at any site, in the Stustudents. dents' Union document mentioned above,

B} way 0 general in orm tion the follo\\-mg } nop I has been prepared to gi\'e a broad indicatIOn of the College' ill uran e poli le and lhe limits whi h are applicable.

Given vaiJ ble space, lt i impo ible to outline the detail behind the ollege' inuran e pohcle . it i hoped. ho\\-e~er. that the in ormatlon pro\'ided will af ord a Hder under t nd ing and k no\\- ledge of 10 urance matters.

1 COLLEGE EST TE

D EQ IPME T

1.I 11 rik Insures the ollege buildings and their contents, other than computers and omputer peripheral equipment, again t 10 s or damage by fire, lightning, aircraft, explo ion, riot, ci il commotion, earthquake, pontaneous combu tion, thunderbolt. ubter~anean flre, flood and bur t pipe.

In ure the content of ollege building, ineludmg money and freezer content, against phySical loss or damage anywhere in the nited Kingdom. Staff and tudent wearing apparel and per ona1 effect wlth10 the conI ines of ollege building are al'o covered.

There are 10 lImits of £50,000 lor any one piece of equipment. £500 for money, £500 lor staft claim. £250 for student claim and £50 lor claims made by VISitors.

Excess charges of £ 1,000 for building su bIdence, £.100 for all other ollege claims and IS for taft, student and visitors claims arc applied.

1.2 Computer and C2?...!!!p.l1ter Peripheral E~iE.ment

Insure computer and peripheral equipment, anywhere in the United Kingdom, In respect of phy icallo or damage.

Claim. are su bJect to a £ 100 excess charge.

Loss of use and los of value of recorded information or stored information 1 pecilIcally e eluded.

It. hould be nol\:d that the Central Computer equipment funded by the omputcr Board i covered under a central nlverity of London policy and as uch I e eluded.

1.3 quiQ.ment taken outside the Kin"gdom .--------

nited

It is neces ary for the insurance company to be informed of any equipment taken abroad for the in urance cover to be effeclive and therefore the Finance Offtce should be given detail of such equipment.

Claims will be subject to a £500 exce s charge.

2 CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS Provide for compensation should any dam-

age to premises result in a loss of income and/or additional expenditure through the interruption of normal activitie .

3 E Gl EERI G l SURANCES

to the employee. It is most important for employees who from time to time use private vehicle on College busine s to make sure that cover under their personal motor policy extends to business u e.

3.1 Boiler and Pressure Plant overs explosion or collapse, sudden and unforeseen damage to boilers and pressure plant and damage to surrounding property as a direct result of such event.

It hould also be noted that anyone parking their private vehicles on College property does so entirely at their own risk.

College cover does not extend to private motor vehicles.

3.2 Electrical and Mechanical Plant Lift and Hoists Covers emergency breakdowns not due to fair wear and tear and any damage to surrounding property as a direct result of such event.

6 TRAVEL

All claims are subject to an exclusion of the first 5% subject to a minimum of £50 and a maximum of £100.

4 LlABILlTY 4.1 ombined Liability The combined liability cover includes Employer's Liability indemnifying the College in re pect of legal liability for death, disease or bodily injury to employees arising out of and in the course of their employment.

In addition, the Public and Products Liability policy provides similar cover in respect of students and members of the public.

The cover is limited to £5 m in respect of anyone occurrence.

4.2 Fidelit Guarantee I nsures against loss of money or property belonging to the College or for which the College is legally responsible, suffered as a result of fraudulent or dishonest acts of an employee. The indemnity limit is £100,000 for anyone employee.

4.3 Professional Indemnity Indemnifies the College in respect of Legal Liability for damages and costs incurred as a result of neglect, error or omi sion, loss of document, breach of trust, libel and slander, etc. Cover is extended to all past, present and future employee of the College but pecifically exclude employees who conduct consultancies, etc, without the knowledge or authority of the College.

The indemnity limit i £ 1.0 m for anyone claim in one year.

5 VEHICLES The Motor vehide Policy is in re peet of any vehicle owned. hired or loaned to the College. It i necessary for the College to provide a li. t of all its vehicles to the insurers and Departments hould supply the Finan<.:e Departmt'nt with detail of any vehicle pur<.:ha. ed or hired in advance of the tranaction.

The policy doe' not offer any protection

Covers all employees of the College up to 75 years of age re ident in Great Britain whilst travelling on College business outside England, Scotland and Wales.

Cover includes the following: I Accidental death, loss of limbs or disablement up to a maximum of £20,000 per claim.

2 Temporary total disablement allowance of £200 per week up to a maximum of 104 weeks.

3 Unlimited medical expenses.

4 Loss of money up to a maximum of £500.

5 Los of baggage up to a maximum of £1,000 (subject to a maximum of £250 for anyone article).

I hope that this brief outline of the College insurances is helpful. If there are any questions or further information required, please contact the undersigned

R Harvey Assistant Accountant Finance Department

Hnrulment day at Beijing ormal University, the People's Republic of China, photographed during a recent visit by Professor P J Peterson to the capital city.

DED Following i its to Beijing by Profe sor P J Peterson and Dr Malcolm Hutton of the Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre (MARC), a joint programme of scientific exchange and co-operation has been initiated with the Endemic Disease Section of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Environmental Science, Beijing ormal University.

Support for the visits has been forthcoming from The Royal Society and the institutes concerned.

Two scientists from China have already worked at MARC for three months and a further four staff members will be undertaking studies here during the year. Research co-operation centres on Trace element deficiency problems in man and on pollution problems and their control.

Selenium deficiency occurs across a large area of China and is recognised as Keshan Disease, an endemic heart disease, or as Kaschin-Beck Disease, an endemic degenerative osteoarthritic disease. The joint studies are aimed at an understanding of the dietary transfer of this element bet wee soil, plants. animals and man.

Pollution problems of the air and water ari ing from the smelting of metallic ores and coal com bustion for energy production are t\1'0 major problems under investigation. We aim to quantify pollutant releases and model the alternative strategies necessary for reducing emissions to the atmosphere and rivers.

Further information on aspects of pollution research in China is featured in the current issue of Sentinel - Health and Environmental International, a newsletter produced at MARC for the Environmental Health Division of the World Health Organisation, the International Programme for Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC)

HISTOR This eek King' CoUege London KQC publishes "The Hi tory of Queen Elizabeth CoUege - One Hundred Year of niverity Education' b eville Mar h a Lecturer in the Department of Ph iology. . 'eville Mar h fir t entered QEC I1l 1961. fter qualifYing and a short penod m the world out ide, he returned a a Lel:turer and in the eighteen year which followed, ob erved the working of a ni er it}- College. The idea of a Hi tory ame to him in the autumn 0 19 4, when. having at through interminable Academic Board meetings dl cu ing the likel deml e of the College, he reaU ed that here wa an op路 portunity to record detail of ome of the many event and per onalitie a ociated with the College. Thi he hoped would encap ulate omething of the spirit of Queen Elizabeth allege for the benefit of future generation of tu dent and taff.

The story of Qf:.C begin in the mid-nineteenth I:entury during the great period of development in women' education King's allege, anxious to make it own contribution to the movement embarked on a programme of "Lecture for Ladie .. first at Richmond and subsequently at Ken Ington. The e ICl:ture were lllspued by the Principal of King' Alfred Barry, and such was their succe ,larger premi es had to be acquired. In I 5 King's allege formally recognised it Ladies'Department by then ensconced at 13 Kensington Square. The curriculum was greatly ex pan-

ded b}- Lilian Faith ull a Head of the Department from I 94 to I 0 . 'nder her guidan e, the Department too on the hara ter of a full Uni\"eril}- College, ubJect being taught partly by ta e onded from the Strand and partly by pe i i appointee to the Departmt:nt.

I n I 0 the Ladie gained complete rndependence from the Strand, becoming King' College for \ omen. and the curriulum hanged empha is to"'ard Home Scien e. B}- 1913 there wa a flourishing Home Science Department almo t a allege within a College, but then disaster truck. The Haldane Commi sion on the Go ernance of the Univer iLy decreed that a separate Women' College repre enting everal fa ultie could not be su tained in Ken ington. fter con iderablc argument oppo ition and upheaval, the rts and Science were reunited with the Strand making King' College truly co-edu ationa!. The Home Science Department moved to a new ite in Campden Hill and became known a the Department of Household and Social Science of King's ollege for Women. It remained thu until 192 when It regained complete autonomy a a eparate College. The 1930s were years of great curricular development: dietetics was introduced fir t and then nutrition, the ollege pioneering the teaching of the e two. ubject in the nited Kingdom. In the 1950 the adm ission of men and change of emphasis away from Household Science provided the opportunity for

The College as ir was in 1953 wirh Lord ,"'lacaulay s home, Holly Lodge, ar rhe lOp le[r o[ the photograph. The A rkins Building was subsequently erecred on the site.

changing the ollege's title and the Queen Mother graciously gave permission for the use of her name. cville Mar h's book has been carefully an extensively researched using archive material from many sources. Rather than being a dry commentary on research developm nts and curricular detail, it contain a lascinating insight into the personalitie involved in the College's history. gleaned largely from private correspondent:e. The events leading up to the merger are covered in outline, circumspection being thc ke}- note!

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, with the College s founding [at her, Sir John A tkins, attending the Golden Jubilee Reception in 1958.

TII( IIls{ory of QUCCI/ tli=abc{!I Collegc 01/1' HUI/dred rears of [,I/h'ersity Lduc路 ation is Jvailable from the InformatIOn Ottlce. Strand campus and from eviJle Mar 'h, Department of Phy 'iology, Kenslng ton campus, price 拢.6.75. The book is hard bound with colour uu t jacket and gold cm bo ed cloth cover. There are 124 black and "'hite photographs interspersed among t the 352 page 01 tex 1. The Foreward has been written by Her Majesty Queen EIi/abcth he Queen Mother and in addition to the texl th,'re are five appendices including complete Jjstings of Fellows of the ollege, 'ollege Officers, all full-time Academic Staff from 1915 to 19 5,Student nion Presidents and Student num bers.

.

thoughts when the words and time seem right.

lHE M RK BAILEY APPEAL During the last two years or so colleagues and friend of Mark Bailey at Chelsea College witnes ed with an increa ing sense of helplessnes , the inexorable encroachment of multiple sclerosis over his health and strength. At first, his fellow technical taff were kept informed of his condition through his local branch of ASTMS. Thereby we were able to review what practical and moral support we could give to him. My job as the branch secretary was to keep in close touch with him. During my conversations with him before Christmas it had become starkly evident that he would be unable to work again and would require immediate help.

Subsequently, we identified that the most practical form of assistance that we could provide would be an electric wheelchair which would at least enable him to get around with a mea ure of independence.

ConC'uering Heroe 'in orwood Chelsea AFC players, pub regulars and pe~ple from all the college campu e . In its way I found this kindness symbol ised the kind of assistance which we could receive from our local communities if only we in universities made a greater effort to turn our faces beyond our campuses.

Of course, the central person in all of this is Mark himself. After Easter, Jai David and I visited him in his home town of Diss in orfolk. It is quite evident what his new chair means to him as a practical aid.

For example, to visit the local library unassisted will be a boon. The same can be said for getting out to shops and friends once he gets a feel for the machine. His local District Council has promised an

A t this point, I decided to ask for help from the whole of King's, even though I realised that only a tiny proportion of people in the newly merged college actually knew him. My hopes rested on what I perceived to be a sense of common identity among a substantial part of the college community and that it would be likely that it would wish to help to shine some light through the dark shadow gathering around the young life of Mark Bailey. I must say that I thought that the target of £ 1500 which was set (in fact it was a commitment because the chair was ordered) seemed a tall order. How wrong I was! I had completely underestimated the swell of kindness which exists in our college. The fair wind of support from King's and its friends helped to sail the appeal way past my original marker. ontributions from all quarters have resulted in an astonishing total of over £2800 being reached. '

By contrast, we received an offer from the landlord of the Builders Arms in Chelsea to use his pub for a charity darts match.

In one night, the event raised £363.

Participation and contribu tions came from diverse sources such a a team from the

In conclusion, I would make just three comments. Fir t1y, whatever we have done for Mark has more than reaped its reward in terms of the identification of KQC fellowship. Sometimes it takes a crisis to make people act freely and sympathetically as a community. I have been almost overwhelmed by your wonderful united generosity.

The second point arises from a suggestion that I keep Mark's appeal open. I hesitate to do so whatever the strength of his need However, I would like to feel that our ollege would act just as liberally for any of it colleagues should misfortune arise.

An ongoing exclusive appeal could dampen entlusiasm. Maybe we should consider the etting up of a staff fund based on small scale deeds of covenant (with attendant tax advantage).

Finally, I shall get around to writing to all individual and group contributors. The bottom line to everyone will be my heartfelt thanks for your generosity, concern and love for Mark Bailey.

Ken Bromfield, Biochemistry Dept.

The College has also received the following letter from Mark's parents: 2 April 1986

I feel that I should highlight just two different and revealing aspects of this endeavour.

During the past eight weeks as the cheque and letters arrived at my office, I became aware that concern for Mark was not only felt by current King's people. Ex staff, students and councillors of the three constituent colleges sent donations and warm me sages of support. I mu t admit that I had not anticipated that this appeal would re ult in my tapping into the loyalty and regard felt by old associates for the three merging colleges. I t leads one to reflect on what this must mean to King's ollege London (KQC).

I will add here that the feeling of being cut off from colleague is downright lonely and can easily be overlooked in thi ituation. Personal contact is very important and must be continued. I wonder what we can do about that?

On Tuesday we had a visit from Mr Ken Bromfield, who handed over a cheque for £1,500.

The electric wheelchair, which Mark has bough t with part of the £2 800 raised b V friends and colleagues.' .

My wife and I are truly amazed at the urn raised in such a short space of time.

We would likc to thank everyone who made such generous donations.

adapted home (which he will share with his sister) a soon as a uitable flat become available. He will then need many things to make his life more comfortable. The extra £1 ,300 which you have donated will help him on his way.

As you probably know Mark ha purchased an Electric Wheelchair which I'm sure he appreciates very much. This will not only make life a littlc easier, but will also give him some independence.

I have said before and now will underline that Mark ha received a great boost to his morale knowing that so many people have been batting for him. He, like me, is amazed that generosity and love can be so freely given by a college which in its own way is still finding its feet. I have no doubt that Mark will expre s his own

We are all very grateful for all the time and help given by Mr Bromfield and the College.

You rs sin erely Amy and Alan Bailey

Chelsea Commemoration Lecture

SCIE CE IS

OT E OUGH

delivered b ir Montv Finni ton, B. . Ph.D.. F.R, Tue da. far h 18 1986 Introduction It 1 ah\ay flattering 0 b honoured b~ an academic ins i u ion. partIcularly one of the di 'nc ion of "n ' Colle e ( 'QC). bu JU as ,'penence pro\'e there i no uch thin a a fre lunch. so he pa\'ment e. acted in the preparation of thi Chel ea Commemoration Lec' ure i not incon iderable in i calls on mental oil and in ellectual weat. Thi lecture howe\'er. being the first of it kind. ha one redeemin fea ure: there i no precedent 0 con train the pea er in his choice of subjec .

Recoonisin o therefore the critical nature of hi e entiallv academic audience, I have chosen not to pit myself again t the fuller'knowledge and more modern and ad\'anced prejudice offellow profes ional \\ho s ill practice the di cipline I followed in my earlier career. nor to bemu e tho e who are ionorant of my subject. and'by 0 doino depend upon the forgiving nature of an audience who are \'mpa hetic to omebodv less clever than hemselve ' -

The choice of title. which may urpri e. and he ubject matter \\ hich may urpn e e\'en more. is a con equence of the ag ing proce s \\ hich O\'erta e u all. \Nhen one i young one de\'elops one's ambition in tudy, qualification and achiev m nt in a profe ional discipline. but a one oro ,. older. one's intere t t"rn to the broader aspects 0 Ih'ing ou ide one's OI\n peciali ation. Educated a a metallurgist and ttracted to it cience. for th greater part of my life I ha\'e been as ociat d with the academic progres of the subject through research and de\'elopm nt. more the latter than th former. Through interdi clplina~ a sociation with tho e using the kno\\ ledge and experience of m~tallurgi t . my intere ts ha\'e e.tended in 0 the fields of solid tate and engineering. from there into technology and its indu trial applications and from there into the unscientific em'ironment of political. oeial and economic planning, But although I till love cience and its e 'citement with it continuing expo ure of the wonders of nature. and although I admire greatly the talent of the oncoming generation of scif'ntist eng'Jged in thi great human activity. I ha\'e reached the tage in life wh r~ science is not enough. e\'en though cience is no\\ part of the r.ultur . a \\a~' of life of all nation rhroughout the world. educational systems - chools. unil'ersities and polyter.hnics - are catering to the teaching of science in all its varied hranches. The laboratories of public and private institutions are concerned with fundamental and original researches as well as with the development of existing scientific discoveries. inventions. innovations or intuitive concepts. Ever since the industrial revolution in this country some 250 years ago, developed nations have reached their present dtUS through establishment of these intellectually inquisitive organiallons and the transfer of their creative knowledge to ociety's material progress; and today'S developing nations are following the same pattern of institutional creation in the certainty of subsequent comparable development. Twenty-fi\'e year ago it wa aid that the growth of now ledge in quantity (if not in quality) doubled about every 10 years a gauged by reports and publication of all science . This rate of orowth ha not diminished: on the contrary it is probably proceeding at a faster rate so that by the end of !hi century. he knowledge ba ed on science alone a\'ailable to mankind will be four tim a great as it i thi dav I doubt this knowledge can be a similated bv he human mind (in'di\'idual or mass) much less find practical use -in major degree, But then nature itself in action i wasteful.

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I 'obod\' would question that the applications of cience. their b nefits and disad\'antages, ha\'e significantly. even revolutionarilv affected people. particularly in their living conditions. A hundred vear.s ago (only three generations past) there were no motor cars. no aeroplanes, no tele\'ision. no radio, no electronic compu ers. no artificial teel, no microchips. no fibres. no diesel. no telephones. no stainle laser. no fridges. no dishwashers. no washing machine. no processed foods. no Hoovers. no zip fastener -to name but a few product - which today's generations would find it hard 0 Ih'e without. It is difficult to relate to peapl who lil-ed 100 year ago - and this process of change is not ending. On the contrary, our whole lives will be furth r revolutionised (if by revolution one means the upset of existing pattern) industrially and socially tijrough new invention and innovation.

Mo t recently robotics. g ne tic engineering. the optical fibre, computers based on the concept of artificial intelligence - deriving primarily from cientific exploration in the first place and then through technological developments to achie\'ement of particular obj cli\'es - have begun to influence our living em'ironment. Thi product innovation advancing

.. F.R. .E,

ilnd e pandin o material pro re i he predic able eneral pa em ot h unpredic able particularit~ of he fu ure

Knowledoe; pure but not imple The erm路 cience" deri\'e from the Latin cien/ia mean in 0\\ledge. dence i concerned with he tudy of nature and it phenomena and comprehen ion of i workin hrou h generation of knowledge.

The udyof dence i based on the assumption that the in-buB law by \\hich the unh'er e operate are con i en and ab olute, The uni\'erse can chanoe. i changing. but in prede tined fa hion. We do not fully understand the structure of the atom and we still struggle to gain a conistent picture which would correlate all phenomena relevant to it behaviour. Scientis s. howe\'er. do not belie\'e tha ome uper-na ural [note th h\'phen] inten'ention could at any time distort the exi tin o patterns of natural phenomena. that at ome indeterminate moment omething beyond the uni\'erse. can up et the regularity of natural b haviour of that unh'er e. who e proce se we are lowly unfolding, So-called uper-natural phenomena hould not be confu ed wi h a lad. of understandino beyond our present ignorant tate, What cannot b explained immediately i not to be accepted as beyond e. planation.

If an a roplane had flown O\'er J ru alem 2.000 year ago rather than a brighter tar than usual appearing. it would certainly ha\'e excited coniderable wonder and ma\' even ha\'e b en belie\'ed to ha\'e b en a uper-natural phenomeno-n. Mayb not all but much more will be revealed of natur a cienti t enquire into it. but in the context of science I do not belie\'e in tip r-natural phenomena. we borne cognizant of ne\\ or e\'en recognised phenomena of nature. one can only admire - admire in fact is 00 weak a word - the wonder of the con istent pattern of creation, and if yOU cannot admire the inherent consistencv of behaviour of nature yOU can at least admir it for its ae thetic qualities. That one can reproduce !i\'ing being from a single cell \\ hich carries all the information nece sary for it continuing reproduction (the genetic code) i belie\'ably unbelievable: and the concept of black holes in the unh'erse. the nature of galaxies. nuclear fission or fusion, atomic tructure. evolutionar~ proces e - or whate\'er. are equall~ mind-boggling.

Scientists do not conceive that the basic patterns of behaviour of natural phenomena as we knO\\ them will change radically. and scienlists as ume (with no evidence so far to the contrary) that there is no uper-natural world that can transcend or modify in significant degree the natural universe in which we live; the natural is complicated enough without further confusing it with the super-natural of which we have no knowledge or experience, As Occam po tulated: "\Yhat can be done with fewer assumptions is done in vain with more", Human beings can make minor changes in nature through technology. We can transform materials and modifv natural features but oolv in secondary fa hion and confined to our em,ironment the earth. nor \~ould uch niinor changes be able to be done were it not a feature of nature that they could be done.

- finite but unbounded From the moment of the "big bang". natural phenomena and their con equences were pre-ordained. and what cience is about is finding out about nature. understanding nature. removing ignorance of nature, Religionists generally prai e God with the creation of the universe; cienti Is by unfolding the wonders of nature justify these praises by showing the elegance of nature, everal millenia ago the \vise men of that time sang God's praises but they did not appreciate in the faintest degree the wonders they were praising - the galaxie . black holes. pulsars. quasars. atomic structures. fission. fusion. or nearer home the physics. chemistry and biology of people. E\'en today we are con tantly being surprised by nature's subtleties, Scientists. with their imperative to understand the way nature is constructed and operates. are the prophets of the present. They in fact forecast and predict the outcome of natural phenom na with much greater precision and on much stronger foundation than the prophets of yesteryear. We still have a lot to learn howe\'er. I have in my study a book entitled "The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance". and a big book it i at that, but if there is ever a revised edition, the passage of lime will not reduce its size or content. On the contrary. as phenomena are explained or new features expo ed. so is created a further complex of ignorance which has to be examined in greater and greater detail to obtain understanding. That very detail require more research. Solutions raise questions and questions raise

problems, When I was at university the atom was a nucleus ot protons with electrons rotating in orbits around it neutrali ing the charge; then cam the neutron (was that really only in 1932?); and now we have pions, muons, me ons, neutrinos. anti-particles and so many new Jekyll particle and Hyde waves that what we were certain about a generation ago i now conjecture.

failure to tell the truth ha been expo ed by later studi . Truth in science. as in life generally is not ea i1y come by. however; cientific tudies follow unintended fal e paths through theories which are later found wanting through experiment or found to be only partl~ true.

Ein tein v i'\ewton for example. The path to ab olute truth is trewn with defecti\'e )Onpost and misleading directions.

Scif'nce is ba ed on rea on formali ed in logic and rea on dictate that we should continue with science, so whv do I say that cience i not enough? It is becau e I do not believe that the probleins of ye terdayand today which face the society of humans are those which derive mainlv from'science quo science. 'True. some of our problems derive from technology based on science, but science is not technology. We use cience to advance technology and we u e technology to advance science, but science and technology are not the same thing although they are interdependent and use the same methodology, techniques and practices to further their development. Tho e of us trained professionally are taught how to face, even solve, the problems of our own discipline. Scientists know how to set up experiments to generate new knowledge, and hopefully in that generation of new knowledge, create new concepts and new ideas which lead in due course to new technologies and new industries; engineers learn through theory. practice and experience to design structures or artefacts which improve the conditions of living in our society; in medicine great strides are made as a result of research and experience in new techniques either of treatment or of surgery. All these discipline have their own techniques and methods by which they advance the status of their discipline and its contributions to society's needs or demands. But what we have not learned as a society is how to conduct ourselves outside these professions as citizens of a community to the greater betterment of these communities.

And vet if we are to construct a ociet\路 in which it number can gain greater sati faction in living, we must in some way advance the rules by which society hould conduct it elf. In the past the e guideline to better lh'ing not in the material. but in the social. en e have been gh'en by religions which. although they may differ in many respect in their protocols and symbolisms. have much in common in the pronunciation of their ethical and moral \路alues. After all, the sages of the old were not concerned with cientific research or de\'elopment or with technological innO\'ation or invention. Their thoughts were confined to observations of men and women and their beha\'iour as individuals in the context of the society of which they were a part. For hundreds of years generations of wise men debated, discu sed and argued about great generalisations of principle and practice; and in the end, after much trial and almost as much error, emerged many of those principles of conduct which obtain today with as much relevance as they did these thousands of years ago. These sages, not always of high intellectual calibre, disputed between themselves how people and particularly communities should behave, and they gained acceptance of their vi ws by methods which would not gain the same allegiance today and which would not pass some ethical tests. They arrogated to themselves authority and power and they generated fear of the upernatural which they did not control but with which they threatened people if their manotwithstanding this unjustifiable made rules were disobeyed. approach (some might even question its morality) the ancients (who, let me repeat, knew nothing of science or technology) did arrive at some expression of moral standards which at least allowed individual communities to live together and give themselves a sense of indentification in common cause. As the years progressed there were built upon the e convictions and the institutions which gave them human presence, standards covering new human situations, some written, ome passed on orally (and possibly distorted in the process), some ob erved as common custom.

There are of course difficulties in the organisation and management of science and scientists but they are trivial by comparison with the organisation and management of society and of people in society. The difficulty for scientists lies in the allocation of resources for science but where resources are allocated to scientific projects, scientists know how to go about setting up their experiments or theories to gain advanced knowledge in the subject of their choice. The scientific method and methodology are not standardised and hopefully this will never be the case, since it is only by using new approaches that new information and new understanding will come. But there is at least a common appreciation within the scientific community on how to conduct science and develop scientific knowledge. Where differences exist between scientists they are resolved through debate, discussion. further experiment and test until the differences are eliminated. Science in its outcome is democratic although it achieves its democracy through elitism.

The society of humans: making the rules The problems of our society however are not those which emerge from knowledge of the processes of nature. They are associated with the behaviour of man, and specifically in his relationships with other human beings. And on this, science has little or nothing to say. The conduct of individuals in communal behaviour is decided not by laws of nature but by the edicts of man himself through principles and practices which are not immutable, are not the same for different people, and are liable to change with the passage of time and circumstance. For example, the innovations of technology create opportunities for differences in behaviour which before the invention would not have been accepted or acceptable to communities or nations. Let me give just one example. There can be no doubt that premarital sex was, and still is, frowned upon by many religious cultures. Although practised in past ages it probably was with a sense of guilt, and in the case of women, fear of pregnancy. There is no law of nature, however, which forbids premarital sex but there are laws of man which do. Todav, however, the contraceptive pill has completely modified attitudes towards premarital sex and has even affected the concept of marriage with the result that the tenets of some religions are being sorely tried. The POSSLQ (People of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters) outside marriage has come to stay introducing a new feature in the organisation of our societal structure.

Today's world is rife with questions as to the validity and acceptability of laws made by man in the past for man's individual and communal behaviour not just confined to local, even national boundaries but extending into the international field. This question of ethical and moral behaviour is not a concern of science since science is neutral, science is amoral, science does not concern itself with value judgements. Perhaps a concern for truth is the only moral precept which science can inject into the behaviour of man. It is a characteristic of science that no cientist would either wish to Dout, or could Dout truth, since if he did he would be exposed at some time or another through the accretion of knowledge with time. There have been cases in scientific circles where individuals have offended but it is of interest that their

In later years religious concepts were complemented by philosophies which did not involve the concept of God but considered human behaviour on generalised, often idealised or even abstract concepts. This constant search for guiding principles in the conduct of man's living has become more and more vital as living becomes more and more complex and more opportunities for enlarging experience are created. Dependence upon each other (both in the conduct of earning a living and supporting ourselves materially, and through gaining the benefits of leisure from the new opportunities presented by technology or in imaginative leaps in the humanities and arts) demands some rules in reI alionshi p. What is needed is expression of principles of conduct if we are not to experience unnecessar conDict in society through injustice and inhumanity, or at worst the chaos of anarchy. What worriesnot just concerns - most people today are the insecurities of societies at communitv, national and international level, obvious insecurities which offe'iJ.d against reason and against all or certain sections of society. uclear and conventional killing in war are indictments of our society and against reason (I find it irrational to argue that conventional warfare is acceptable where nuclear war is not); burglary, rape, child abuse, crime of all kinds, deprivation and poverty including the worst excesses of starvation, slavery or submission, offend. The laws by which the universe runs itself and which man i exploring do not include laws by which man conducts himself. The Ten Commandments are not laws of nature. Ambrose Bierce (the American humorist) once defined the Decalogue as "a series of commandments, ten in number, just enough to permit an intelligent selection for observance, but not enough to embarrass the choice", but the Ten Commandments are a step in the right direction by which people behave.

The moralities of living Why is it that we can apply rules of procedure to our professional interests but fail to agree these in trying to establish patterns of social behaviour? The answer lies partly in the complexity of these social issues, partly in failure to quantify emotional guidelines, partly in having to make value judgements, values which change with developments in technology as these generate new issues and new conditions of living.

Yet it is in the social conduct of our society that the great problems of today rest - and we stumble in our attempts to resolve them. It is my generation and that of your parents which created these problems. Permissiveness arose through passivity and absence of di ciplined thought. Although I have no doubt that in your own time you will generate ever new problems for later generations to solve, it is to your generation that we look for some resolution, certainly amelioration of som of the present problems.

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Society which quite properly considers such activities as mugging, stealin o , murder, fraud as criminally anti-social. properly impose constraints on the freedom of individuals to beha\'e as they wish. The phrase 'law and order' is commonly used by the British. Although it would be supposed that law itself would be sufficient determinant in support of order. order does not necessarily equate with law. People may introduce order which has no legal constraint into their lives as a result of religiou teaching, education, custom or simply inherent values which obtain consciously or subconsciously hrough li\'ing as ociations. Morality is the recognised values which society puts upon its relations between individual members in their conduct towards each other whether this be in community affairs, municipal, national or international, or in business or in particular groups with common interests.

The general morality by which society operates is a measure of the degree of freedom which a society will allow its citizens or at worst condone behaviour. The general principles on which such morality in our society are based are the basic tenets of world religions of earlier eras, updated possibly. But general principles have to accommodate specific cases and as the conditions of civilised industrialised living become more complex, more interdependent and freer in intellectual approach, it become more difficult to determine the precise moral line to adopt (as witness the issues of abortion, the bomb, pre-marital sex, etc.). Perhaps in a modern context Ten Commandments are insufficient to meet the problems of today and tomorrow; or perhaps the scriptures want updating by re-interpretation.

Morality is about values generally unquantifiable in their effects but qualitatively judged to be to the greater benefit of the majority - and in civilised communities - protecting minority interests. I have already referred to the sages of two or three mUlenia ago who had time and opportunity to think about man's conduct without the intrusion of scientific or technological research to create new situations. Did they have some general concepts which might guide? Perhaps I am postrationalising, but the assumed the obvious basic condition that for a relationship to be established between people required a principle which was beyond self - but involved self. The Jewish sages resolved this in elegant fashion by asking three questions. The first was 'if I am not for myself who will be for me?'. ow that is the voice of the entrepreneur; it is the voice of the ambitious, the self-interested. Then they added a second question, '!fnot now, when?'. Now that is the voice of progress, the voice of change. But then they queried the first two questions with a third. 'But if I am only for myself. what am I?' ow that is the voice of social conscience; that is the voice of charity; that is the voice which requires man-made principles based not on one's own needs but on the needs of others.

The expression 'Love thy neighbour as thyself' may appear to be the same thing. but it is not. That precept is an instruction; it imposes a condition which most, if not all of us would find extraordinarily difficult to meet with everybody since everybody today is your neighbour. 'If I am only for my elf what am I?' is not a law. It does not express a specific injunction. It leaves matters unanswered but it does expect an answer.

To ask that one should think of others by implying that if you do not, what sense is there in one's own existence is asking one to look at oneself in relation to others - and to do this as a conscious effort. To think of others in the context of oneself is at least a reasoned approach to community living since many of the attitudes and practices we adopt and which cannot be justified on considerations external to one's own interests, relate to the question 'if I am only for myself what am I?'. For example, one could argue that there is no economic case which would justify caring for the very sick, the very old or the physically or mentally infirm. But the fact is that people do care, and they do not attempt to justify their actions through scientific argument or economic or logical reasoning. There are principles like 'survival of the fittest' which obtain in nature as part of creation but which do not obtain in man's living.

Charity: a special case 1do not believe that if we look at the physical laws of the universe from which science derives its justification, there is much, if anything, and truth apart to be gained from science in deciding how we conduct our lives in a social sense. 1 do not believe that there are absolute laws of conduct in our society corresponding to the absolute laws of the natural universe. 1 do believe that there are principles general and specific which should determine the conduct of man's affairs with the express intent of facilitating man's living in relation to man. There are problems of man's living in relation to nature, but that can be subsumed in the conduct of man. There is recognition of this need of principles of living in philosophy, in politics and in efforts by individuals or communities to meet the social challenges of their conununity or of the nation of which they are citizens or in the international field of which they are members.

Take, for example, charity as one aspect of morality. Of the three mainstays of human behaviour - faith, hope and charily - the act of

charity is not just the greatest as we are told but also the most surprising.

Faith and hope are per onal to the individual and self-intere t covet some priority. Charity, however, goes beyond the individual. Charity involves others, others who are e\'en pecial. not because of birth. wealth, influence. power or authority but rather otherwise. harity relates to those who in the world of affairs would be considered liabilities to be rejected in an 'ordered ociety where the economic of cost benefit analy i ruled. Somebody once aid 'Charity i the power of defending that which is indefensible'. In an inhumane world, who would defend the sick. the old, those who suffer from physical or mental defects, those in poverty or need, and tho e others less fortunate who are not in a position to help themselves? Thankfully the world still has humanity, does acknowledge and assume responsibility towards those who require special care.

Bob Geldof knows nothing of science but he did care for people for whom he had no direct responsibility; Stevie Wonder, a blind, black singer, devoted his energies for 'Children in Need'; or Mother Teresa or thousands of individuals of whom the world knows nothing. There are institutions to which people voluntarily give their services to correct what they consider injustice, or unfairness or to assist the disadvantaged. What motivates them are not the laws of nature but some greater appreciation and justification of their own existence - that 'if they are only for themselves, what are they?'.

Charity, like many other words in the English language, has lost some of its original meaning and intent. But charity derives from the Latin caritas, meaning care and affection. The modern Latin for charily is actually amor - love. It means giving without expectation of a direct return to the giver; more importantly it means giving not in the sense that the giver is superior and the recipient inferior, but from one human to another with caritas -love and care. The term 'Cold as charity' is an impossible conjugation of terms; if it is charity it cannot be cold and if it is cold il is not charity.

Observed in the breach How do we arrive at man-made principles of conduct in a wider context than charity, either to meet the modern conditions of complex societies or make the old principles, of which many have stood the test of time, work? There are many features relating to the conduct of people which would be acknowledged by the vast majority as immoral, eg the taking of human life would not be condoned as acceptable practice and yet we have seen in recent years not just murder but genocide, the deliberate killing of six million people, men, women and children in the Holocaust; and in more recent days in mature societies like South Africa, the South American states, the Philippines and in developing societies, violent destruction of people for reasons which would not be condoned by moral conscience. Freedom of speech would be considered a proper activity of a civilised society, an essential element in human relationship, et its censorship, the suppression of elements of information, distortion, deliberate misleading or slanting of views which give a view divorced from the truth (however defined) are commonplace. The definition of what constitutes basic human rights as defined by the Helsinki Convention in 1977 (it takes a long time to update ourselves in our behaviour), is observed in the breach. People offend against accepted or at least acknowledged conditions of human behaviour which have been with us for millenia and which would make for the better behaved society. If after all this time misdemeanors or worse obtain. what odds can be given that things will be better conducted in the future by greater numbers of people? The answer must be that there can be no certainty - but the need for improved social behaviour urges action.

It is unrealistic to imagine that one can change attitudes of man in his social responsibilities by instruction much less by edict. People's attitudes to society - which means other people - will only change as a result of thought directed not to their own advantage but to the more general advantage of society. This process of thinking can obtain through education, an education based upon reason applied to the greater good. Reason is sufficient for science since science explores reason inherent in the universe. But reason in man's affairs is not a sufficient criterion. If the objective is unethical, reason applied to it does not make it less immoral. Reason applies to all kinds of situations of which we do not approve and of which we are afraid. Take military discussions, for example, which debate what would happen in an eventual war. This planning is done with the utmost reason and logic - war games in which one uses humans as chess pieces are played with remarkable objectivity; scenarios are computer-aided with the largest and most advanced machines using the most esoteric mathematical equations; plans which excite intellectual admiration for the elegance of their solutions are based on the same principles by which science (in the sense 1 have already defined) operates in its sphere; but the objective is not morally attractive, and even advanced scientific techniques applied to human behaviour in some activities do not make the undesirable more acceptable.

I education the ke to morality?

In a dialo ue be ween Amold Tombee and Dai aku Ikeda in a boo en I led "Choo e Life", Ikeda sa: Jia 'mo t people acquire a certain degree 01 owled e of morali y hrough formal education, paren al di cipline and readin .- bu i i no ab olu ely certain ha thi O\ded ,ill b come a cri erion for action. In fac i ometime happens tha people' behadour i qui e contrary to their ow n moral traiDiDa ince the e c of emo ion exert in human bein a ron a an influence a (and in certain i ua ion stronger influence) tha of reason. Emo ion can t he upper hand and uppress 0\\ ledge which i dependen upon rt on Emo ion i elf can be moral or immoral. logical or iIIo ical III i in en . Emotion can be re\'ealed egoi m. 'If! am no for my elf \\ ho will b for me?'. Thi elf 100'e can be e. ended 0 embrace famih', ello\\ countrYmen, na ion and race where he bene t to be den\'ed are 0 oneelf a much a he beneficiary. Emo ion can pre\'ent one from doin the thing one know i good and allow one 10 commi the ac one knows i han good Ignorance too can bypass morali y. Perhap we do nol le teach morality ufficien Iy trongly to children, 0 heir paren and 0 the communi le in which they li\路e. Perhaps we underrate the subconciou influence which reason and rational thought could exercise on our behaviour; perhaps we should subconsciously keep asking ourelves 'If I am onlY for my elf what am I?'. I belie\'e that the determination of moral 'values and their acceptance by the community at large. and the change in these attitude a new knowledge or features of living intrude upon our society through technology or through concepts, should be a constant objective of society ince if we do not re olve our problems there will be no society as we would wish it. We can learn to adjust our ociety for the greater good through education. But education i a long term process and moral education takes e\'en longer 0 be effective.

Moral conscience is not an inherent genetic feature in man, and morality is not a discrete et of principle to which everybody adhere.

Morality develops only slowly with time. experience and education. It is ubj et to con tant argument and qu stion. since the condition of society are not table because of new concepts, technology or ne\\ philo ophies and religion. It is difficult enough to teach disciplines like phy ics or math matics or biology but much more difficult to teach and have accepted moral discipline. Teaching the basics of secular subjects i a once-for-all affair; teaching morality is a continuous process. TeachIII require t achers. Who i to teach morality? Many try. but their pupil consider themselves equally knowledgeable. unlike the teacher/ pupil relationship which obtains in secular subjects.

Freedom and licence are not always distinguished particularly where expediency determines behaviour. If anarchy is not to reign then human beings will have to conduct their affairs in patterns ofbeha\'iour which are restrictive, not against individuals per se, but because society gain greater benefit from observance of agreed and accepted rules than from individual preferences. Human rights, Le. rights which do not discriminate between individuals. have been explicitly accepted as an essential element in progressive civilisation. The Magna Carta, the S Declaration of Independence, the Old and ew Testaments, Anatoly Scharan ky and other indh'iduals are examples. but people have to be made aware of the e desirable conditions of living for the betterment of odety as a whole, as part of the educational process. It should not therefore surprise that when I said that science is not enough I meant also that teaching of science as a pecialisation to the exclusion of other aspects of the activities of our society. is not enough either. In short it should be part of our secular education not just to ad\'ance individual in ellectual disciplinary knowledge or gain a qualification of profesionalism. but we hould be taught how to behave in society, how we should relate to others. Morality is not what happens internally to the indiddual; morality is what makes itselffelt where others are invoh'ed.

If one is to educate to observe the civilised activities of society, then thiS must happen at the earlie t stages. The Jesuit aid 'Give me child before e\'en and I will bring him up to be the man I want'. That thing might improve through formal education. therefore, attracts. I would consider that the curricula of chools should always have in it an element of the humanities, In the olden day, chools started the day with a hort interlude based on religious instruction. I am not suggesting that we should return to this since the instructions were complicated by the concept of God which is difficult enough for adults to conceive much less children to assimilate or understand. But perhaps haIfan hour a day at chool on moral teaching and perhaps special courses on morality as part of the curricula for the technical disciplines would not come amiss, because the thought-provoking ideas on issues relevant to society contained therein, once implanted and the impressions created, will at least lie in the ub-conscious and at best condition people to avoid actions which militate against society.

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Will it work? Who can say; but it can do no harm and may do good.

There ar of course pessimists who see no hope. Robert Burns (and you would not expect a Scot not to quote Robert BurnsJ was a pessimist who

may ha\'e belie\'ed in morali v in he ab trac bu no in i or prac ice. He wro e ' ., loralitv thou deadh' bane Thy en 'of thou and' thou has lain \'ain i hi hope \\ho e ay and TU is In moral. mercy. truth and ju ice ~

ob en'ance

The communal freedom of deci ion T\\ 0 fea ures 0 man are hI po \ ers 0 rea on and p ch - \\ hich do no ah\ av wor in co-ordina ed a hion, There hould be mor public debate on he e hical and moral ma ter affectin our \\ay oflif , no by he me hods by which people how di ent in many conflic of \'iew, e.g. tri'e, marche, ince ho e change h le. Public deba e can only lead to clarification of the point at i ue and perhap in due cour a consen u a itude or policy, R li ions prac ice this throu h ermon and debate; the law i de ermined by di cu ion; philo ophie are argued until a con en u (for or again tJ emerge. There can be no better example of how to conduct or determine public attitude to moral que ions han the open di cu ion on the \\'arnoc propo al them eh'e .

When is a foetus not a foetus? The argument here i not the academic one of just deciding whether 14 days or whatever is the age at which the nervous ystem of the foetus feel pain. What was important was that the code of conduct which would be acceptable to the public at large, and by which they would be prepared to operate in situations created by a new technology. wa established; and as important that any change in knowledge which might arise "ith the pa age of time and incremental knowledge in medicine might lead to acceptable moral accommodation. ince I do not believe that all moralit\, i ab olute ( ome i ) let me quote my own attitude. It is to look. for the better option. and a imple y tern of test to determine whether one is on the right line or not i to re\'er e the principle of conduct you wi h to follm路., Fer e'(amp!e, i one ta e the Ten Commandment, \\ ould the world be a better place if we did kill or we did steal or we did commi adulterv or we did covet \\ hatever, or we dishonoured our parents? The answer to me i clear, The Ten Commandments are a better gUide than the reverse of he Ten Commandment would be. It may till not be the best bu i i le er than the re\' rse alternath'e, If there ( omething still better let u, no\\ of it.

Conclusion Some time ago an article "The Trousered Ape" by the author Duncan Williarns, characteri ed our age as one of escalating dolencp. and intemperance. In William 'dew. the sole hope for our continuing existence tended upon realisation of the hopes ad\'anced by Lord Clarke. In a teledsion eries entitled "Ch'ili ation". Clad"e's ideal towards which he wanted men and women of good sense to strive. was stated as follow. '/ wholly remember beliefs that have been repudiated by the lively intellects of our time. I belie\'e that order is better than chao ,forgiveness than vendetta. On the whole I think that knowledge is better than ignorance and I am sure that human sympathy is better than ideology. I believe that in spite of the recent triumph. of rienre men have not changed much in the last 2.000 years and in consequence we must still trv to learn from history. Above all I believe in the Godgh'en genius o(certain individuals and I \'alue ociet~ tha makes their existence possible.'

How do we go about achieving thi preferred tate? There is of course no sinale solution but the \\ a\' to find an wers. I. believe rests in part on more and more education. of impro\'ing education. not in a particular discipline but on the unquantifiable culture ofli\'ing. In no place is that more likelv to be inculcated and learned than in the societ\' of a university, or co~parable institution. The Je uits found this out ~'ears ago in their own way. ndergraduates, po tgraduate and po t-experience . tudents' have the opportunity to engage in debate. discu ion. e\'en practice of the way they would like to see the society. in which they will make or are making their own contribution. beha\'e more sati factorily: and they would ba e these \'alue judgements on more knowledge and le ignorance, more order and les chao . more sympathy and le s ideology, particularly ideology based on generali ed political manifestos which rarely survive eLections, In recent years what appears to have been relegated is the concept that a univer ity is more than a place in which to gain a degree for professional competence and qualification, For undergraduates it is the start of adult independence in which th y are on their own. drawing away from parental influence but derivingas much ofthe wider benefits of association with society as a whole in societ\'s multifarious activities outside their career discipline. The university provides a unique opportunity for engaging in the kind of cultural milieu which determines one' way of life. one's moral environment. in which you might wi h to continue.

So it i in the pirit not only of advancing your own career but in the process advancing the interests of our society by example and by posith'e application of values which your generation considers beneficial to the many, that I dedicate this address. 'If YOU are onlv for your elf. what are you?' ' . ,

UNIVERSITY NEWS EWS FROM SE ATE Dis ussion at the March meeting of the niversity Senate focussed on two main issues: the progres of the Steering Group looking at Senate Institutes, and the possibilities open to the Univer ity for the development of continuing education.

Professor Cowan Chairman of the Senate Vote Steering Group, outlined the Group's progress and current thinking: "the Steering Group had come to the conclusion that it needed more information about four Senate Institutes (Commonwealth, Germanic, Latin American, and United States Studies). With advice from the British Academy, four Fellows of the Academy were invited to give their views on these four Institutes. Three reports have been received to date and are currently being examined. The remaining report will be available, I hope, by the beginning of nex t term."

"Since its interim report the Group has also turned its attention in greater detail to the Senate Activities."

"I n the case of all the activities funded by the Senate, the Group is acutely aware that the purpose underlying its exercise is to find ways of reducing costs while at the same time safeguarding and pre erving those functions which are indispensable to the University's academic effectiveness. In the pre ent financial circumstances major economies can only be achieved by reorganisation and rationalisation. In some cases funding deficiencies must be made up by both maximising income earning potential and also by rationali ing nonacademic support service, uch as financial, personnel and premises administration and also library services. With thi latter point in mind, tudies are currently being carried out by officers into the po ibility of increa ing the upport provided by Senate House or centralising appropriate services on the Senate House.'"In other cases the solution might be found in mergers, such as the merger of the Institute of Archaeology with niversity College which is now being discus ed.

In other cases it may be nece sary to protect the work of some in titutes by dispersing it amongst Schools already possessing strength in the relevant field of ludy. To ensure in both cases that acce to library resources and expertise in these fields remains available to the University as a whole, the Steering Group has worked out guidelines to which any such mergers will be required to conform."

"All of these issues will be considered further in the Steering Group's next interim report which it proposes to make to the

Joint Planning Committee on April 24.

When any firm proposals for change emerge the relevant trade unions and of course the Institutes and Activities themselves will be consulted before such proposals appear."

The Vice'{:hancellor introduced a debate on continuing education indicating his wish to 'make progress in the identification of a coherent policy ... having regard to the wide range of provision throughout all our Schools and Activities". Informal discussions in February had brought him to the view that there was a clear need to review current provision and co-ordinate future developments. He was convinced of the wealth of expertise available within the University and encouraged discussion to help point out the way forward. Discussion did indeed ensue and highlighted the need to approach such provision professionally and sensibly. Market research would be necessary to identify areas of need, to avoid duplication of effort, and to pitch any cour es at the correct academic and financial level. The University had to recognise the importance of such work not only in its administrative and acad~mic resourcing bu t also in accepting its relevance in staff asses ment and evaluation.

It was a complex area in which much valuable work was already being done and the overall message conveyed was that if any further development was planned it was essential that it be planned carefully, with proper con ideration and back-up.

In hi oral tatement the Vice'{:hancellor congratulated the Working Party on Decentralisation e tablished in 1982 and now di charged having completed its review.

"Their recommendations should greatly assist in the implification of administration at the centre and the development of appropriate functions to Schools. Thi Report, however, although a major effort, can only be regarded as an initial stage ... it makes little sense to talk of reform of the Senate House administration except in the context of the administration of the University a a whole". He went on to draw attention to the efficiency studies put in hand by the Principal, relevant to the University's response to Jarratt, and looked to the help and collaboration of Heads of Schools, and particularly Secretaries of Schools, in achieving necessary expenditure reductions in this area.

Senate "concurred" on several Committee Reports and recommendations; notably the re-election of Dr A-D Betts to the post of Deputy Vice-<::hancellor for the period September I 1986 to August 31 1987; the co-option to Senate for the period September I 1986 to August 31 1990 of Professor RA Howie and Sir David Innes Williams and the co-option of the following recog~ nised teachers for the same period; Dr Linda ewson from King's, Dr Hirom (St Mary's), Mr Lewis (Westfield), Dr Prebble (RHB C) and Dr Stephenson (UCL).

The Naming of the Train on 10 April was one of the first events of the University of London's 150tl1 Anniversary celebrations. Pictured here, at ,ha' is event is HRH Princess Anne, Chancellor of the University together with the Principal,}lfr Peter Holwell.

Full details of the el'ents planned for the coming year to celebrate the A nniversary will be Listed in the May edition .of Commcllt.

LECTURES, MEETINGS AND SEMINARS P BLlC LECTURE THE F C LTY OF THEOLOGY A D RELlGlO S S DIES

4-cour e meal and entertainment Pn e: 10 per head

Tuesday 6 May KARL B RTH .'0 E CHATOLOGIC L RE LI .1 Profes or Ingolf DaJferth, niver ity of Tiibingen 4.30pm, Room 6C, Strand Campus

THE F. D. 1

A PUBLIC LECT RE ME T OF E GLISH Tue day 6 May TH IMAGE OF THE ROYAL H LL' 1 BEOW LF Profe or E B Irving, Univer ity of Penn ylvania (at King's College 19 5 6) 5 .30pm, The ew Theatre, Strand Campus BIOTECHNOLOGY SPECIAL I TEREST GROUP PUBLIC LECTURE Wedne day 7 May PROTEI, TR eT RE A. '0 COMP T R GRAPH I S 11 OR G DESIG Profes or T Blundell, FRS, Birkbeck College 3.00pm, Allen Theatre, Ken ington Campu MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SPECiAL I TEREST GROUP PUBLIC LECTURE

RICE LECTURES 19 6

lbert Hourani, M . ,C.B.E. Formerly Reader in the Modern History of the iddle East, Univer ity of Oxford) "" ill give three le ture entitled

PPROACHES TO

ISLA~f

Thur day 24 April F.D. MAURl EA D THE RELlGIO S OFTHE WORLD Thursday 1 May ISLAM I • THE HlSTOR Y OF Cl ILlZ TIO.' Thursday 8 May LOUIS MASSIG, 0 A 'D THC CIE CE OF COMP SSIO ' 5.30pm, The

ew Theatre, Strand Campus

KI G'S COLLEGE SE I R0 RELIGIO 0 LITERATURE The first two meetings of the semlOar will take place in the ummer Term on the following dates. They are belOg run 10 conjunction with the English Graduate Seminar.

The emtnar is open to all graduate at King's. ter the summer term. ".. hen it i being ho ted by the Engli h Gradu te eminar, It ill meet independentl,. n>one ""ho i tntere ted in artendmg or su milling a paper hould 'ont 't the Dean 01 the College. The eminar is not 'onhned to tho e with an intere t 10 the Chn lIan religJOn. It 1 on erncd generally ""lth the intera tIon of rdigJOn and literalLrre, whether from a literar>. Iingui ti or theological point 0 VIew,

THELO DO S I CLASSICS

M~ER

CHOOL

1-IOJuly 19 6, at King's College London, Strand, LO DO ,WC2R 2LS Tel 01·8365454 ext 2343 The London Summer School will be held at King' College this ummer. Cour e will be offered on Latin and Greek for ab olute beginners, for tho e with a httIe lingul tl knowledge, and for tho e of '0' level tandard and above. Sl.hooJ pupils and L.nlVl.'r 'Ily tudent will be welcome.

The course. which i' non-residential, ost £2 00.

For lurther detail, plea'c writc to the Uas jc Secretary at the above address.

Thc L1o. ing dote for apphcation i 23 May 19 6.

GIRLS A OGY4 Fourth International GASAT Conference

Thursday 8 May Thursday 8 May GE E ACTIVATlO I DEVELOP MENT BY CELL 1 TERACTlO S Professor John Gurdon, FRS, University of am bridge 5.30pm, Room 3820, Strand Campus A PUBLIC LECTURE r THE DEPARTME T OF WAR STUDIES Tuesday 13 May DIFFERE T APPROACHES TO FOREIG POll Y ir icholas Hcnder on. G.C.M.G. 5.30pm, The ew Theatre, Strand Campu

THt'VIA

tGATlVA I

TI/E POETRY

OF R.S. THOMAS Richard Harries Thursday 5 June CHARLES WILLlAMS 0 DA TE: A READI G OF THt UGURl: Of' Bl:AT RIG' Brian Horne 5.30pm, English Common Room, Strand Campus

23 - 29 July 1987, Michigan Univer ity A CHEBRATIO OF DIVERSITY Paper Theme: Girls and Women - SClCnce and Technology: Research, Evaluation, Programs Inqulries/lnformation from: Cinua-Sue DavI , Director, Women in Science Program 350 S. Thayer Street Ann rbor,Ml4 109 InqUIry deadline: I July 19

A P BUC LECTURE I THE DEPARTME T OF PALAEOGRAPHY Thur day 22 May ML·DII.VAL LlBR RlCS OF GERMA~Y Or tgrid L Kramer, Bayerische kademie der Wissenschaften: Kommission zur Herau gabe mittelaJterlicher Bibliothek katalogue Deu tschlands S.30pm, Room 3820, Strand campus

THE MAXWELL SOCIETY Friday 2 May MA WELL SOCIETY A T UAL 01 LR at the London 1nternational Press Centre

Professor Heinz Wolff, pictured on March 3 giving a Maxwel/ Society lecture entitled 'Life Without Gravity'.

STAFF NEWS VICE PR CIPAL FOR FURTHER YE R FolJowing a reque t from the Principal, Professor H J V Tyrrell appointed Vice Principal for the 19 5/86 session, has agreed to stay on in post for a further year.

Mr F Darwin (Chairman) Mr P D Moore (Scientific Co-ordinator) Mr AT Evans Dr J Honey Dr J I Pitman Dr BD Turner Dr J K White The Warden of Rogate The Finance Officer

EW TIME FOR COLLEGE COMMUNIO SERVICE With reluctance, tinged with excitement we have decided to change the time of the College ommunion ervice from 9.00am to I.I0pm on a edne day, at least for this term. An increasing number of students and taff are involved in the academic timetable by 9.00 - 9.30am and whilst no time is suitable for all, 1.1 Opm was thought to be more suitable for most people. The service will continue to be a aid communion service with a short address, hymns and an anthem la ting 35 - 40 minutes.

A bread and cheese lunch will be available afterward in the Dean's Office for those who can stay.

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION: A CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE

Dr Henry Roseveare, a Reader in the Departm~nt of History at the College, has been app01l1ted by the Lord Chancellor to serve on the Advisory Council on Public Records.

The Council advises the Lord Chancellor on matters concerning public records in general and, in particular, on those aspects of the work of the Public Record Office which affect members of the public who make use of its facilities. Dr Roseveare will serve on the Council for three years.

An ecumenical group of chaplains and academics has produced a short draft statement on the purpose and necessary components of university education for discussion, in preparation for the celebration of the 15 Oth Anniversary of the founding of London University later this year. Should education of the whole person remain an ideal to aim for? Does the 'community of learning' have any real meaning in our altered circumstances? Should university education be elitist or utilitarian or neither?

Can the idea of the university survive without some attention being given to the integration of some of the questions raised for discussion? I f you are a student, or member of staff, academic or otherwise interested in pursuing these questions in' a series of 3 or 4 meetings this term, please contact the Dean's secretary as soon as possible with suggestions for a possible time for meeting at lunchtime or late afternoon/early evening.

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY HO OUR

JOINT CHRISTIA

SUB-DEA

FOR EDUCATION

Dr A L ManseIJ has been appointed SubDean of the Faculty of Education from 1/4/86.

PUBLIC RECORDS COU CIL APPOI TME T

FORUM

Tuesdays 1.1 Opm, Room 6C Dr J P Brockes of the MRC 'ell Biophysics 29April nit at Drury Lan has recently been PE TECOST LISTS D HARISMATawarded the Zoological ociety of London I EXP RIE CE Scientific Medal. The award is to 1.0010gists Mr Graham Baldwin 40 years and under. for scientific merit.

6 May BEl G A MO K: OPTl GOT OR I ?

Dom. Mark, OSB, a Benedictine Monk from Worth Abhey

NEWS ROUND-UP

EWS FRO CHRISTI COLLEGE

THE DEA 'S OFFICE 13 May AID WEEK I

12th - 16th May We will be collecting at thl' entrance to the College hetween 8.30am and 10.00am and within the College at lunchtimes from Mllnday to Wednesday. volunteer are needed for a variety of fund-raising activitIes - if you would lJ c to help, plea e see any of the Chaplain..

WORLD ID: WHO REALLY BE EFITS? Fiona Liddell and 'Iive Rohinson .

Christian Aid Bread and Cheese Lunch Talk and discussion. .

ASCE SIO DAY - SU G EUCHARIST Thursday 8th May at 1.10pm Followed hy refreshment in the Council Room.

CONFIRMATIO COMMUNIO

A D HOLY

Wednesday 30 April at 1.10pm Preacher and Celebrant: The Right Reverend John Klyberg, Bi hop of Fulham.

We hope as many members of the ollege as possible will be abl e to attend the servi e

KCLA A UAL GE ERAL MEETlNG A D RECEPTIO Friday 9 May 1986 King's College London As ociation which with its Branches is the Old Studen'ts' Association for the whole College will be holding its Annual General Meeting on Friday 9 May at 5.30pm in Room 8B, Strand campus. All members of the Association and its B ranches are warmly invited to attend.

Following the Annual General Meeting, at 6.30pm there will be a Reception in the Great Hall to which KCLA cordially invites' all mem bers of the staff of King's College. This will be a pleasant opportunity to renew acquaintance with former students. There will be an Exhibition featuring the work of the Geography Department, some of the special collections of the Library and the achievements of the three Colleges which united to form KQC. An organ recital will be given in the College Chapel during the evening.

College staff are actively encouraged to attend as this adds to the success of the occasion for those returning KCLA members.

KCLA NEWS The KCLA Council have agreed to nominate Prof E A Bell, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew since 198 I and a Vi iting Professor in Ecology as President of the A sociation for 1986/87, in succession to M rAP J Edwards who e term of office ex pires in May. P~ofessor Bell is well known to many at King's, having been appointed a lecturer in Biochemistry in 1953; he was Professor of Biology and Head of the Department of Plant Sciences 1972 - 8 J .

A t the invitation of the President-elect an evening Reception will take place at Kew n Tue day 29 July, followed by a conducted tour of the Gardens.

KCLA REPRESE COU CIL The College Council have agreed that Dr B f Daw on hould succeed Mr Edwards as a member of that Council as from May 1986. Dr Dawson was educated at King's ilnd appointed to the staff of the Faculty of l:.ducation in 1963: he retired in 19 5.

For quite a numher of years he was Hon.

Se retary of KCL being u ceeded last year by the cademic Regi trar. t the la t meeting Council expre ed its regret that Mr Edwards did not wish to stand for another term as KCL Representati e. and mem bers recorded their gratitude to him for the valuable ontribution he had made.

BETH (KENSINGTO )

On Fnd y 16 May at .00pm Profes or Rainer Goldsmith, formerly head of Physiology at Chelsea College, has greed to talk to members of the Queen EliLabeth Branch on hi most interesting and challenging expedition to the Antartic made in 19 0/ ~ and which was recently featured in the BBC2 'Horizon' programme 'Bitter Cold'.

The lecture w111 take place in the Phy iology Lecture Theatre, Main Building, Kensington campus. Wine and chee e will be erved afterwards in the SSCR. Members and gue ts welcome.

YO

OTHER KI G'S FIRST WILLI G TO HELP?

RE

Dr Bryan Turner in Biology i studying an insect pe t of the food industry called Liposcelis bostrychophilus, known commonly but confusingly as the booklouse.

It IS a very small (about Imm in length) pale brown insect which may be found in flour of various kinds, breakfast cereals, semolina and other farinaceous foods.

Little is known of the biology of this insect. It almo t certainly arrived in the UK from Africa some 40-50 years ago. First recorded in thi country as a contaminant of beetle cultures in a government laboratory during the Second World War, it began to be noticed as an occasional pe t of food in the mid-1960s. Since the mid 1970s the num ber of complaints each year from the pu hlic has steadily increa ed.

Thi pattern of increasing number of complaints i al 0 een in two other \;ountfle , Denmark and Holland, where data are availabk. In addition there is al 0 a marked casonaht}- to the complaints, v.hich peak in the late autumn.

The extent to which Liposcelis has invaded our houeholds can only be judged at present on the number of formal complaint that are made. On seeing book lice in food a common reaction i Just to throwaway the contaminated item and think little more about it.

You could make a valuable contrihution to thi booklou e study if you would be willing to take part in a survey of kitchen cupboards, indeed you may want to know whether you are supporting a booklouse population! All that is involved is for you

to put a few mall trap ill your food cupboards, lea e them there for one month and then return them for che king. The traps are imply small quares of filter paper which ha e ye t a fa oured food of bookli e) tu k to them. The e qu re are protected by beillg sandwiched berween two piece of pia ti film. The whole trap i about the ize of a postage tamp and the boo lice, If pre ent, olle t on the filter paper and eat the yea t. I n addItion you would be a ked a fev. que tions about your kit hen and whether you have noticed bookli e in the pa t.

If you are WIlling to help in this work,

plea e drop a note to Dr B Turner, Biology Department, Kensington Campus, via the internal mail. You will be ent a set of five traps to put in your food cupboard.

Keep them in the refrigerator until you use them. Ideally everyone who joins in this survey should u e the traps at the same time and October 19 6 is hereby designated "book louse month". Thi is some time off bu t with the examination period looming up and then the summer vacation, everyone i going to be rather busy these next few months. So if you do want to help ask for your traps now and you will be reminded to use themInier on. Even if it is impo sible for you to put out the trap during October, plea e till ask for some and u e them when you can, but note the start and end date. Closer to the time there will also be a box contairung a limited num ber of sets of trap at each campus entrance.

re ear h in a parti ular topi . A produ t of the e Colloquia ha been an annually updated booklet, alled "Current Re earch", to whi h all departments of the S hool. and anum ber 0 the a ociated linical department within the Cam berwell Health District contribute. The boo let contain taff 1J t ,detail of the re ear h in progre ,and a note of expeni e in part! ular technique whi h taff can offer to colleague in other department.

The School IS Justifiably proud of it reearch activit which la t year recruited 拢3.2 million and currently enable over 100 staff to be em ployed on hort term contracts. The re earch booklet gives a good in ight into the breadth of the re earch being carried out and ha enabled many staff to make their own informal contacts with colleague in other department who are engaged in imilar work.

Thi year' update will, of cour e. include the Department of Pharmacy, 'ur ing Studie and utrition which joined the Faculty of Ba ic Medical Sciences following the KQC merger. opie of "Current Re earch" are available from Mary Barringer, As istant Secretary, at Denmark Hill (telephone 274 6222 , exten ion 2042).

If this study receives college-wide upport we will, for the vcry first time, get an impression of the way in which thi small tropical insect has infiltrated our hou cholds.

Thank you in anticipation of your support.

I I

The booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophilus.

The scale is 1 m m.

"C RRE T RESEARCH" AT KI G'S COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICI EA D DE TISTRY As many of you will already know, regular Colloquia arc held at Denmark Hill at which members of the three Faculties of the School present brief papers on their

Mr Roger Oliver, Music Librarian at K ensington Central Library, speaking at a private viewing held there on Wednesday 16 April to launch ADAM 0 MUSiC 1939 - 6, an exhibition of the musical aspects of the ADAM international Review. Organised by the f路rench Department at King's in conjunction with the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, the exhibition complements a series of lunchtime concerts being held at the library.

The exhibition runs until Wednesday 7 May, admission free.

SCE ES FROM THIS YE R'S GRADUATlO

Clockwise, from bottom left, the pictures are: Duane I'assmall, the A cting General Secretary of the Students' /lion, giving his valedictory address at the Graduation Receptiun at Kensington: the Principal speaking at the same occasion; graduands celebratillg at the Stralld campus; 011 the steps uf the Albert Memorial before the awards ceremuny; more graduands at the Strand.

There will be further graduatioll receptions at the Strand (13 May) and at Chelsea (J 4 May).

ST DE T

10

APPal T"fE TS Po ter advertl ing the event with in tro t0 hov. to enter ill be po ted m but if any detail are requued before thiS, plea e on tact Fred rmitage ( heml t~, trand campu ) on ext ~_ -7 or Steve Whit10g (Ken 1Ogton campus) on ext. K_55

Ion a

S BB TIC L POSTS 19 6/ General Secretary - France Taylor Internal Se reta~ - Stephante Smith Finan e and Trau10g Se retaf) - John Thoma Sport and So"letle Se retar}' - Flon Bull Chel ea Site Secreta~ - ~arcu Wood Ken Ington SHe Se retary - Paul Fo ter trand Site Secretary - John Waters

o

-SABBATICAL POSTS

Secretar}' - Steven Rhode CouncIl Delegate - Andrew Cox Publicity Officer - Mark Thwaltes

TO

~1ay.

L1BR RY

EW

The Law Libraf}' talf have started to produ e an 0 clOnal li t of matenal purchased for the Centre 0 Medical Law and Ethic. If you would like to be added to the di tributton li t, please conta t lVlen Flet her ext ~313).

LL OUR OLD CROCKS S MMER HOLlD Y RE T L

We have found that many of our items of crockery. cutlery, gla se ,trays. etc, have left the refedory premises for de tination unknown! Pos ibly they need a guide to show them the way back, but whatever the case, wc de peratcly need all Items returned to their nghtful home So plea e, if you do have anything tucked away in forgotkn corner, pining for ItS playmate in the kitchen, let us know, or bring It to us in the Catering Department.

II c~Jls will be treated in the trictest confidence Jf you WI h us to collect! Give us a nng on ext 2425.

I

Thnnk you.

Catering Department Strand Campu

NOTHI G TO DO WHEN EXAMS FI ISH? Then come down to Petersham and enjoy THE KQC 6-A-SIDE CRICKET K OCKo T COMPETITIO Thursday 19 June, tarting at 10.30am Thi competition h<ls been a QC( tradition lor the past 15 year and the PriOl:ipal is keen that It continue. It I a onc-day event involving 4 teams (appropriately - or inappropriately (!) named) and the winner receIve awards. Each team mu t compnse at lea. t onc member of e<lch ex and no more than two regular cricketer .

Whether you play cricket or not, come along for an enJoyahle day out. The cUing by the river under Richmond Hill is lovely on a sunny summer' day and then.: will be facilitie to feed and 'w<lter' everyone with bar and barbecue. In addition, we plan to follow the competition with a disco and Jazz band.

Available ~ay through September. in Brantome (the Dordogne). 17th century riverSIde house, available as a whole or in :! eparate unit (one leeping . the other 3). Pldure . etc. available from Coke, tel35124 ext3661.

THE ELlZ BETH T CK RM SCHOL RSHIP Fa D no ThiS Foundation proVIdes annual educatIOnal grants and awards for financial and other assl tance to persons dom iciled in Wale', who have graduated from a college or Ul1lVerSIlY located in the United K ingdom or the U 'A, and who desire to obtain and further their po t-graduate education at a college or university located in the United States.

I ERS RYY

R

T

Brunei niver ity elebrate it 20th nnn'er ary thi year. whole alendar of event i planned. In luding an Open Day on Frida}' 16 May to which graduates ll1du triaJi t and hool are invited ny old BruneUlan now at Kll1g' who would like to attend should contact the Publi RelatIon Officer at Bruncl for ticket. complete Calendar of Event an al 0 be supphed on reque 1.

Old Brunellian may also be Il1tere tcd to know that there is now a rapidl}' growll1g and active Graduate ociatlon. co-ordll1ated b} the niver ity which has alrcad} laun hed a revamped magazmc and organise an annual Reunion Dmner The graduate net ork ha extended over ea to place uch a SlOgapore. Greece, Malaysia and Mexico.

Anyone wan ling more detail hould contact Edwin Lnderhill, Career Advi ory Officer at Brunei niver ity.

FELLOW OF THE RaY L OCIETY Dr C J Lea er 01 the Department of Botany, Univcr Ity of Edinburgh has been elccted a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Dr Leaver obtained hi PhD in plant physiology in the Biology Department, Queen l:li/abeth College.

For further details and application form, contact the Academic Registrar's office, Strand campus. Applications must be ubmitted by June 16 19 6.

TADIO -RIDE L PRIZE FOR MOLECUL R SCl CE Thi pnze of ÂŁ 1,000) awarded annually on I st Decem hrr and) opcn to postgraduate tudcnts of Kll1g (ollege London who have carned ou t re earch for the PhD degrec in Molecular Science.

F or further details. contact the Deputy Academic Registrar, Strand campus.

Closing date for appllcations, June 30 19 6.

EA SOCIETY ny former graduates or staff of the niversity of cast Anglia may be Interested to know that there i now a U A Society for graduates and friends of that niversity. Anyone wi hing to obtain

COMMc T i produced by the King' College London (KQC) Information Office on the Strand Campus EXT EDlTIO : Copy date Friday 16 May for publication in the week of 27 May.