Pet’s Corner

ENCEPHALITOZOONOSIS IN RABBITS

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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a parasite that infects rabbits and can cause disease which affects the nervous system and kidneys. Transmission occurs via spores shed in urine that are ingested or less commonly inhaled. The parasite can also be transmitted via the placenta during pregnancy. Over 50% of rabbits in the UK have been exposed however not all will develop clinical signs. Immunocompromised humans can be affected as the parasite is zoonotic.

Clinical signs include: Increased thirst and urination, weight loss, reduced appetite, urinary incontinence, blindness, head tilt, loss of balance, hindlimb weakness or paralysis and seizures.

A blood test can be performed to determine if a rabbit has been exposed to E.cuniculi but as exposure does not always result in clinical signs, a positive result is not proof of the disease. Treatment involves administration of a worming medication daily for a month, to stop multiplication of the parasite and reduce shedding of spores. Unfortunately if severe clinical signs are present, euthanasia is often kindest.

In order to prevent disease occurring recently acquired rabbits should be treated with appropriate worming medication daily for a month to eliminate the parasite. This has no long term preventative effect and therefore treatment is advised every 3-6 months if rabbits may be exposed to spores. Disinfection of hutches with a bleach based product will reduce environmental spores and it is advisable to raise food bowls and use water bottles to minimise urine contamination. Tel: 01403 791011 . www.maltmancosham.co.uk