Alvar aalto
`
ALVAR AALTO
1. BIOGRAPHY :
Buildings :
Paimio
Born : Hugo Alvar Henrik
Sanatorium Saynatsalo Town
Aalto February 1898 Kuortane,
Hall,Viipuri Library,Villa
Finland.
Mairea,Baker House, Finlandia Hal.
Death : 11 May 1976 (aged 78) Helsinki, Finland.
Projects :Helsinki City Centre.
Nationality :Finnish.
Design : Savoy Vase, Paimio Chair.
Awards : RIBA Gold Medal,AIA Gold Medal.
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2. PHILOSOPHY : course of design towards organic
His
design
philosophy
was
influenced by nature and organic
Modernism.
designers of the period such as
materials, unlike other furniture of the same period with materials as tubular steel, which were quite modern at the time.
Designed vases with curvilinear bases and straight sides for Savoy Restaurant – Turku in 1937 which produced in Iittala glass works.
With his innovative designs and natural forms he changed the
His ideas had a strong influence on
Charles and Ray Eames.
The beauty of his work is hidden in his
design
approach
of
Functionalism but with a strong connection
to
the
organic
relationship between man, nature and
buildings.
He
coordinated
those three components and created a synthesis of life in materialized form
Architects quotes “We should concentrate our work not only to a separate housing problem but housing involved in our daily work and all the other functions of the city.”
The very essence of architecture consists of a variety and development reminiscent of natural organic life. This is the only true style in architecture.
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
`
3. CAREER: Although he is sometimes regarded as
chief constable in 1923 and the Alatalo
among the first and most influential
farmhouse in Tarvaala in 1924. During this
architects of Nordic modernism, a closer
period he also completed his first public
examination of the historical facts reveals
buildings, the Jyvaskyla Workers' Club in
that Aalto (while a pioneer in Finland)
1925,
closely followed and had personal contacts
building in 1926 and the Seinajoki
with
Defence Corp building in 1924-29. Aalto
other
pioneers
in
Sweden,
in
the
Jyvaskyla
also
Markelius. What they and many others of
competitions for prestigious state public
that generation in the Nordic countries had
buildings, both in Finland and abroad,
in common was that they started off from a
including the two competitions for the
classical
first
Finnish Parliamentary building in 1923
Nordic
and 1924, the extension to the University
Classicism style – a style that had been a
of Helsinki in 1931, and the building to
reaction to the previous dominant style of
house the League of Nations in Geneva,
National Romanticism– before moving, in
Switzerland, in 1926-27. Furthermore, this
the late 1920s, towards Modernism. On
was the period when Aalto was most
returning to Jyvaskyla in 1923 to establish
prolific in his writings, with articles for
his own architect's office, Aalto busied
professional journals and newspapers.
himself with a number of single-family
Among his most well-known essays from
homes, all designed in the classical style,
this period are "Urban culture" 1924),
such as the manor-like house for his
"Temple baths on Jyvaskyla ridge" (1925),
mother's cousin Terho Manner in Toysa in
"Abbe Coignard's sermon" (1925), and "
designing
in
the
and
were
so-called
1923, a summer villa for the Jyvaskyla
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several
Corps
particular Gunnar Asplund and Sven
education
entered
Defence
architectural
`
EXAMPLE: personnel housing as well as for leisure
CAMPUS ARCHITECTURE IN OTANIEMI:
activities for students. The first thing to be built was Teekkarikyla, (the housing
After the World War II, the Aalto
‘village’ of the student union of the School
University
and
of Science and Technology), which also
Hietalahti,
served as accommodation for athletes
Technology
School
of
facilities
Science in
Helsinki had become far too crowded, and in 1949, following the School of Science and
Technology initiative,
the
State
decided to buy land in the Otaniemi in order to build a new campus, for which the renowned Finnish architect Alvar Aalto made a general plan.
during the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. The main building of the School of Science and Technology was completed in 1965 (Alvar Aalto) and the main library in 1969 (Alvar Aalto). Dipoli, the building of the Student union (TKY) was finished in 1966 (Reima Pietila and Raili Paatelainen,
In Otaniemi, areas were designated for the
later Pietila). In addition, a chapel was
buildings of VTT Technical Research
built in the village in 1957 (Heikki and
Centre of Finland and the School of
Kaija Siren).
Science and Technology, for student and
Campus architecture in Otaniemi
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Charles correa
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CHARLES CORREA
1. BIOGRAPHY :
Born: September 1, 1930 (age 83)
Education:
Jawahar
Kala
Kendra, National Crafts Museum,
Secunderabad, India.
Bharat Bhavan.
Nationality: Indian.
Alma mate: University Michigan.
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of
Awards:
Padma
Royal Gold Medal.
Vibhushan,
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2.PHILOSOPHY : communities and skyscrapers that produce
The relationship between Correa's architecture and its local context, in
environments.
terms of climate, culture and
despite
Correa's
acclaim, these facets of his work find
few
comparisons
among
architects working in India now.
These
hallmarks
of
urban
displayed in Correa's retrospective.
critical
locally
are the antithesis of the work
central to him being hailed as
Yet
from
architecture in contemporary India
Correa is celebrated for; and it is
far
determined aesthetic.
It conveys the fact that this is what
India's Greatest Architect.
We also see a movement towards a globalised,
materiality, is emphasised in the show.
self-contained
They are entirely remote from his philosophy for urban design and architecture Correa propagated in his collection of writings The New Landscape (1985).
In Indian architecture today, we mainly
see
enclosed,
gated
Architects quotes
For our habitat is not created in
vacuum
–
it
is
the
compulsive
expression of beliefs and aspirations (implicit & explicit) that are central to our lives.
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
The
complex
and
ambiguous relationship between man and nature is central to Indian architecture
`
2. CAREER :
Charles Correa is a major figure in
Memorial)
contemporary
the
Ahmedabad (1958-1963),then in 1967 he
and
designed the Madhya Pradesh Legislative
inspiring designs, he has played a pivotal
Assembly in Bhopal. He also designed the
role in the creation of an architecture for
distinctive buildings of National Crafts
post-Independence India. All of his work -
Museum, New Delhi (1975–1990), Bharat
from the carefully detailed memorial
Bhavan, Bhopal (1982), Jawahar Kala
world.
architecture
With
his
around
extraordinary
at
Sabarmati
Ashram
in
Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Museum at the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to Kanchanjunga
Apartment
tower
in
Mumbai, the Jawahar Kala Kendra in Jaipur, the planning of Navi Mumbai, MIT'S Brain and Cognitive Sciences Centre in Boston, and most recently, the Champalimad Centre for the Unknown in Lisbon,
places
special
emphasis
1CHAMPLIMAUD CENTRE
on
prevailing resources, energy and climate as
Kendra (Jawahar Arts Centre), in Jaipur,
major determinants in the ordering of
Rajasthan (1986-1992), British Council,
space.
Delhi, (1987–92) the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Boston (20002005), and the Champalimaud Centre for The Unknown in Lisbon, Portugal (20072010).From Architect
1970-75, for
New
he
was
Chief
Bombay
(Navi
Mumbai), an urban growth center of 2 million people, across the harbor from the existing city of Mumbai, here along with 2LIC BUILDING
His first important project was "Mahatma Gandhi Sangrahalaya" (Mahatma Gandhi
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
Shirish Patel and Pravina Mehta he was involved in extensive urban planning of the
new
city.
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3. EXAMPLE :
KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTS : Correa’s penchant for sectional
e sun and monsoon rains. This was largely
displacement accompanied where
achieved
appropriate by changes in the floor
by
surface, is at its most elaborate in the 28-
providing
story, Kanchanjunga apartments completed
the
in Bombay. Here Correa pushed his
tower with
capacity for ingenious cellular planning to
relatively
the limit, as is evident from the interlock
deep,
of the one and a half story, split-level, 3
garden
and 4 bedroom units with the two and half
verandahs,
story 5 and 6 bedroom units. Smaller
suspended
displacements of level were critical in this work in that they differentiated between the external earth filled terraces and the internal elevated living volumes. These subtle shifts enabled Correa to effectively shield these high rise units from the effect of the both th
4 MACRO CLIMATE ANALYSIS
in the air. Clearly
such an arrangement had its precedent in the cross-over units of Le Corbusier’s Unit habitation built at Marseilles in 1952, although here in Bombay the sectional provision was achieved without resorting to the extreme of differentiating between up and down-going units. Whole structure is made of reinforced concrete. The building
is
a
32-storeyed
reinforced
concrete structure with 6.3m cantilevered open terraces. The central core houses lifts and other services also provides the main structural element for resisting lateral loads. The central core was constructed ahead of the main structure by slip method of construction. This technique was used 3SKETCH OF KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENT
for the first time in India for a multi8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
`
storeyed
building.
concrete
Kanchanjunga Apartments are actually a
construction and large areas of white
modern interpretation of a feature of the
panels, bears a strong resemblance to
traditional Indian bungalow: the verandah.
modern apartment buildings in the West.
In a bungalow, the verandah wraps the
However,
main living area.
the
With
garden
its
terraces
of
4.WORK DONE :
Mahatma Gandhi Memorial) at Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad (1958-1963).
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in Bhopal,1967.
Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal (1982).
LIC building, at Connaught Place, New Delhi, designed by Charles Correa, 1986.
National Crafts Museum, New Delhi (1975–1990).
Jawahar Arts Centre, in Jaipur, Rajasthan (1986-1992).
British Council, Delhi, (1987–92).
McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Boston (2000-2005).
Champalimaud Centre for The Unknown in Lisbon, Portugal (2007-2010).
5.AWARDS :
RIBA Royal Gold Medal - 1984.
Padma Vibhushan (2006) and Padma Shri (1972).
Praemium Imperiale (1994).
7th Aga Khan Award for Architecture for Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly (1998).
Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (2005).
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`
5 ISMAILI CENTRE TORONTO
9.JAWAHAR KALA KENDRA
7 LIC BUILDING DELHI 8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
6 ISMAILI CENTRE TORONTO
8 GANDHI ASHRAM GUJARAT
10. KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTS
`
F.L.WRIGHT
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`
FRANK LYOD WRIGHT
1. BIOGRAPHY :
Born: Frank Lincoln Wright
Education:Polytechnic University
June 8, 1867 Richland
of Valencia,Swiss Federal Institute
Center,Wisconsin.
of Technology.
Death :April 9, 1959 (aged 91) Phoenix, Arizona.
Buildings :
Falling water,
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,Johnson Wax
Nationality: American.
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Headquarters,Taliesin,Taliesin West,Robie
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2.PHILOSOPHY :
For Wright, design and form acquired a symbolic meaning. Architecture can embody "picturesque" qualities that harmonize with the environment. Architectural beauty is seen as a reflection of the harmony that
manifests from the integration of design, plan, form and materials. This is Wright's "organic" approach to design.
Architectural beauty is a natural outcome of the clear design plan of simple and harmonious relationships.
ARCHITECTURAL QUOTES
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3.CAREER : Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1000 structures and completed 532 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by his design for Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture". Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States.
His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, and museums. Wright also designed many of the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass. Wright authored 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin studio. Already well known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time."
.
GUGENHEIM MUSUEM
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ROBIE HOUSE
`
4.EXAMPLE : 
FALLING WATER :
Falling water or Kaufmann Residence is a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania, 43 miles (69 km) southeast of Pittsburgh. The home was built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Mill Run section of Stewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains
1964, it was opened to the public as a museum. Nearly six million people have visited the house as of January 2008.
Despite
its
. Hailed by Time shortly after its completion as Wright's "most beautiful job", it is listed among Smithsonian's Life List of 28 places "to visit before you die." It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966. In 1991, members of the American Institute of Architects named the housthe "best all-time work of American architecture" and in 2007, it was ranked twenty-ninth on the list of America's Favorite Architecture according to the AIA. E
Falling water was the family's weekend home from 1937 to 1963. In 1963, Kaufmann, Jr. donated the property to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. In
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
location in a remote corner of Pennsylvania, the house (according to the informational pamphlet distributed on the grounds) hosts more than 150,000 visitors each year.
`
5.WORK DONE :
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 1956–1961.
Beth Sholom Synagogue, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1954.
Falling water (Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr. Residence), Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1935– 1937.
First Unitarian Society of Madison, Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin, 1947.
Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio,
Oak Park, Illinois, 1889–1909.
Gammage Auditorium, Tempe, Arizona, 1959–1964.
Graycliff. Buffalo, New York, 1926.
First Jacobs House, 1936–1937.
Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, Japan, 1923.
Johnson Wax Headquarters, Racine, Wisconsin, 1936.
Larkin Administration Building, Buffalo, New York, 1903.
Marin County Civic Center, San Rafael, California, 1957–1966.
Midway Gardens, Chicago, Illinois, 1913.
Robei House Chicago
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
Annie Pfeiffer Chapel (1941)
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FAMOUS BUILDINGS:
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LE CORBUSIER
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
`
LE - CORBUSIER
1.BIOGRAPHY :
Born: Charles-Édouard JeanneretOctober 6, 1887 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.
Dead: August 27, 1965 (aged 77) Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France.
Nationality : Swiss / French.
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
Awards: (1961).
Buildings: Villa Savoye, Poissy, Villa La Roche, Paris, Unité d'Habitation, Marseille, Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, Buildings in Chandigarh, India.
AIA Gold Medal
`
2.PHILOSOPHY :
The free façade , the corollary of the free plan in the vertical plane.
The pilotis elevating the mass off
The free plan , achieved through
long
horizontal
sliding
window.
the ground.
The
The roof garden , restoring ,
the separation of the load-bearing
supposedly , the area of ground
column the walls subdividing the
covered by the house.
space.
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
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2. CAREER: Le Corbusier taught at his old school in
-1967),a partnership that would last until
La-Chaux-de-Fonds during World War I,
the 1950s, with an interruption in the
not returning to Paris until the war was
World War II years, due to Le Corbusier's
over.
ambivalent position towards the Vichy
During
these
four
years
in
Switzerland, he worked on theoretical architectural
studies
using
modern
techniques. Among these was his project for the Domino House (1914–15). This model proposed an open floor plan consisting of concrete slabs supported by a minimal
number
of
thin,
regime.
reinforced
concrete columns around the edges, with a stairway providing access to each level on one side of the floor plan.
In 1918, Le Corbusier met the Cubist painter Amedee Ozenfant, in whom he recognised a kindred spirit. Ozenfant encouraged him to paint, and the two began a period of collaboration. Rejecting Cubism as irrational and "romantic", the pair jointly published their manifesto, Apres le cubisme, and established a new artistic movement, Purism. Ozenfant and
This design became the foundation for
Le Corbusier established the Purist journal
most of his architecture over the next ten
L'Esprit nouveau. He was good friends
years. Soon he began his own architectural
with the Cubist artist Fernand Leger.
practice with his cousin, Pierre Jeanneret (1896
Church of Saint-Pierre, Firminy, France. India.
8 MASTER ARCHITECTS DEFINED AND APPLIED ARCHITECTURE
Secretariat building, Chandigarh,
`
4.EXAMPLE :
VILLA SAVOYE :
It was Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye (1929–31) that most succinctly summed up the five points of architecture that he had elucidated in L'Esprit Nouveau and the book Vers une architecture, which he had been developing throughout the 1920s. First, Le Corbusier lifted the bulk of the structure off the ground, supporting it by pilotis, reinforced concrete stilts. These pilotis, in providing the structural support for the house, allowed him to elucidate his next two points: a free facade, meaning non-supporting walls that could be designed as the architect wished, and an open floor plan, meaning that the floor space was free to be configured into rooms without concern for supporting walls. The second floor of the Villa Savoye includes long strips of ribbon windows that allow unencumbered views of the large surrounding yard, and which constitute the fourth point of his system. The fifth point was the roof garden to compensate for the green area consumed by the building and replacing it on the roof. A ramp rising from ground level to the third-floor roof terrace allows for an architectural promenade through the structure. The white tubular railing recalls the industrial "ocean-liner" aesthetic that Le Corbusier much admired. As if to put an exclamation mark after Le Corbusier's homage to modern industry, the driveway around the ground floor, with its semicircular path, measures the exact turning radius of a 1927 Citroën automobile.
Villa Savoye
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4.WORK DONE :
1923: Villa La Roche, Paris. 1925: Villa Jeanneret, Paris. 1928: Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine, France. 1931: Palace of the Soviets, Moscow, USSR (project). 1949–1952: United Nations headquarters, New York City (Consultant) 1950–1954: Chapelle Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, France. 1951: Sanskar Kendra Museum, Ahmedabad. 1951: ATMA House. 1951: Villa Sarabhai, Ahmedabad. 1951: Villa Shodhan, Ahmedabad. 1952: Unite d'Habitation of Nantes-Reze, Nantes, France. 1952: Palace of Justice. 1952: Museum and Gallery of Art. 1953: Secretariat Building. 1953: Governor's Palace. 1955: Palace of Assembly. 1959: Government College of Art (GCA) and the Chandigarh College of Architecture(CCA). 1967: Heidi Weber Museum (Centre Le Corbusier), Zurich, Switzerland.
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