~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 7 ñWmnZm 1970
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 14
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 15
lr. _amio `m§ Z r g§ e mo Y rV Ho $ bo ë `m amo { hV-1 dmUmÀ`m PmS>mbm Kmo g mZo e| J m bmJVmV Vo XmIdVmZm ~mimgmho ~ _amio . {gÞa-{eS>u añË`mdarb dmdr JmdmnmgyZ CÎmaobm AmR> {H$bmo_rQ>a "ehm' Jmd Amho. JmdMm n[aga hm Adf©UJ«ñV AgyZ CÝhmù`mVrb XmoZ VrZ _{hZo Va nmÊ`mMo Xþ{^©jM. lr. _amio `m§Mr Xhm EH$amMr O_rZ, _mÌ Vr IS>H$mi _miamZ Agbobr. Ë`m_wio nmUr _wam`Mo Zmhr. Ë`m_wio nma§n[aH$ nrH$ nÕVrV ~Xb H$aÊ`mMo Ë`m§Mo à`ËZ gwê$ hmoVo. eodJm {nH$mgmR>r lr. _amio `m§Zr amÁ`mVrb Mmahr H¥$fr {dÚmnrR>m§Zm ^oQ>r {Xë`m. amÁ`m~mhoa MoÞB©, Ho$ain`ªV nmohmoMbo. MoÞB© n[agamV ^a CÝhmù`mV hbŠ`m O{_Zr_Ü`o 30 Vo 40 EH$a joÌmda eod½`mMr dmT> Agbobr PmS>o nm{hbr. Amnë`mH$S>ohr Aem n[apñWVrV eodJm Mm§Jbm `oB©b Agm AmË_{dídmg Ë`mVyZ {Z_m©U Pmbm. lr. _amio `m§Zr eodJm {nH$mMm ~maH$mB©Zo Aä`mg gwê$ Ho$bm. ~mOmanoR>oMo gd}jU H$ê$Z Xa bjmV KoVbo. CÝhmù`mV nmÊ`mMr Q>§MmB© ^mgUmè`m ^mJmbm H$_r nmÊ`mV eodJm {nH$mMm n`m©` XoÊ`mMo Z¸$s Ho$bo. Vo df© hmoVo 1998. gwwadmVrg XmoZ EH$a joÌ `m {nH$mgmR>r {ZdS>bo. {d{dY amÁ`mV {\$ê$Z AR>am eod½`mÀ`m OmqVMr Ë`m§Zr Ë`mV bmJdS> Ho$br. n{hë`m ghm _{hÝ`mV Ë`mnmgyZ bmJdS>rMm IM© dOm OmVm 25 hOma én`m§Mm Z\$m {_imbm. nwT>rb dfu _w§~B© ~mOmanoR>oH$Sy>Z Agbobr _mJUr bjmV Ambr. VoWo H$moUË`m JwUdÎmoÀ`m e|Jm§Zm A{YH$ Xa {_iVmo VgoM {Z`m©VrgmR>r H$moUË`m àH$maMm XOm© bmJVmo ho XoIrb ì`mnmè`m§H$Sy>Z g_Obo. AmH$f©H$ JX© nmonQ>r {hadm a§J, JmoS> Ja, A{YH$ {Q>H$dU j_Vm, _Ü`_ bm§~r Agboë`m e|Jm§Zm {Z`m©VrgmR>r A{YH$ _mJUr AgVo ho g_Obo. AmVm {d{dY à`moJ H$aV Ë`m§Mm `m {nH$mVrb n§Yam dfmªMm Xm§S>Jm AZw^d Pmbm Amho. ì`mnmè`m§_m\©$V Ë`m§Mm eodJm
AmImVr VgoM `wamonr` Xoem§_Ü`o {Z`m©V Ho$bm OmVmo. lr. _amiohr _mH}$Q>tJÀ`m Aä`mgmgmR>r O_©Zr, pñdQ²>Pb©ÝS>, hm°bS§ >, Am°ñQ´>r`m AmXr XoemVrb gwna _mH}$Q>bm ^oQ XoD Z Ambo AmhoV. eo d Jm dmUmMm Pmbm àgma … AmO Ë`m§À`m eodJm eoVrMm àgma Ho$di amÁ`mVrb {d{dY {Oëøm§VM Zìho , Va naamÁ` d Vrhr gr_m Amobm§Sy>Z naXoemn`ªV nmohmoMbm Amho. OnmZ, Am°ñQ´>{o b`m, H°$ZS>m, lrb§H$m `m XoemVrb AZoH$ H¥$frVk, eoVH$ar, g§emoYH$ `m§Zr lr. _amio `m§À`m eodJm eoVrbm ^oQ> XoD$Z Ë`m§Zr {dH${gV Ho$boë`m eodJm n°Q>Z©Mr _m{hVr KoVbr. VgoM Xoe^amVrb 16 hOma eoVH$è`m§Zr lr. _amio `m§À`m eoVrbm ^oQ> XoD Z Ë`m§Mo _mJ©Xe©Z KoVbo Amho. eodJm eoVr~amo~aM lr. _amio `m§Zr \$º$ eodJm amonm§Mr ñdV§Ì Zg©ar gwê$ Ho$br Amho. Ë`mV Cƒ XOm©À`m amonm§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$ê$Z Xhm én`o à{V amon BVŠ`m H$_r XamZo eoVH$è`m§Zm nwa{dbr OmVmV. do J ù`m dmUmMm B{Vhmg … lr. _amio `m§À`m eoVrVrb Omo dmU AmO AZoH$ eoVH$è`m§À`m eoVmV nhm`bm {_iVmo, Ë`mMo Zm_H$aU Ë`m§Zr
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 16 amo{hV 1 Ago Ho$bo Amho. `m dmUmMm B{Vhmg emoYm`Mm Va, nydu {d{dY dmUm§Mo {~`mUo AmUyZ Vo eoVmV dmT>{dÊ`mMm N>§XM Ë`m§Zm bmJbm hmoVm. gZ 2000 _Ü`o, Vo Amnbm _mb _w§~B©V {dH«$sgmR>r KoD Z Jobo hmoVo. Ë`mdoir Ë`mVrb doJù`m JwUdÎmoÀ`m e|Jm EH$m {Z`m©VXma ì`mnmè`mZo Ë`m§À`m {ZXe©Zmg AmUyZ {Xë`m d Ë`m {Z`m©VrgmR>r `mo½` Agë`mMo gm§{JVbo. lr. _amio `m§Zr Ë`mZ§Va Vem e|Jm XoUmao PmS> emoYbo. AÝ` dmUm§À`m VwbZoV `m dmUmMo JwUY_© d d¡{eîQ>ço doJir hmoVr. Ë`mZ§Va gZ 2001 _Ü`o Ë`m dmUmMm ñdV§Ì ßbm°Q> ~Z{dbm d gZ 2001 Vo 2004 Xaå`mZ `m PmS>m§Mo d ßbm°Q>Mo gVV {ZarjU d Aä`mg gwê$ Ho$bm. ñdV§Ì ßbm°Q>À`m e|Jm§Zm Ë`m H$mimVrb BVa OmVr§nojm à{V {H$bmobm 7 Vo 10 én`o A{YH$ ~mOma^md {_iy bmJbm. `m dmUmMo Zm_H$aU Ho$ë`mg Ë`mbm Mm§ J bm Xa {_iy eHo $ b Ago H¥ $ fr {d^mJmVrb d[að>> A{YH$mè`m§Zr gm§{JVë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr 2005 _Ü`o Ë`mMo amo{hV 1 Ago Zm_H$aU Ho$bo. AmVm VrZ EH$am§da Ho$di hoM dmU dmT>{dbo AgyZ 2012 _Ü`o AmUIr gmV EH$a ZdrZ bmJdS> H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm _ZmoX` Amho. Joë`m gmV dfm©V `m dmUmMr ghm amÁ`mV bmJdS> Pmbr AgyZ nyduÀ`m eodJm OmVrnojm eoVH$è`m§Zm `m dmUmnmgyZ 40 Q>¸o$ OmñV CËnÞ {_imbo Amho. amo { hV 1 dmUmMr d¡ { eîQ>ço … amon bmJdS>rnmgyZ Mm¡Ï`m nmMì`m _{hÝ`mV \w$bo bmJyZ ghmì`m _{hÝ`mV e|Jm§Mm VmoS>m gwê$ hmoVmo. e§oJm§Mr bm§~r XrS> \y$Q> Vo XmoZ \y$Q> AgyZ e|Jm JX© {haì`m, gai AmH$mamÀ`m d M{dï> Amho. e|Jm KmogmZo bmJVmV. àM{bV H$moB©_Vya -1 d H$moB©_Vya-2 `m OmVr§nojm 40 Q>¸o$ CËnÞ OmñV {_iVo. VgoM darb OmVrÀ`m e|Jm {hdmir YwŠ`mV bmbga hmoVmV. Vgm n[aUm_ amo { hV 1 dmUm§ À `m e| J m§ d a hmo V Zmhr. Vgo M CÝhmù`mVrb 45 A§e Vmn_mZmVhr e|Jm§Mm a§J {hadmM amhVmo. dfm©VyZ XmoZ ~ha {_iVmV. n{hbm ~ha _mho Zmoìh|~a Vo \o$~«wdmar d Xþgam ~ha _mM© Vo OyZ Xaå`mZ {_iVmo. bmJdS>rnmgyZ Xhm dfm§©n`ªV CËnÞ {_iVo. ~mam ~m` ghm \w$Q>mda bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg EH$ar ghmeo PmS>o ~gVmV. Ë`mnmgyZ df©^amV ~mJm`V eoVmVyZ 7 Vo 12 Q>Z e|Jm§Mo CËnÞ {_iVo d OoWo \o$~«wdmar n`ªVM nmUr Amho VoWo 3 Vo 4 Q>Z CËnÞ {_iVo. 2011-2012 `m dfm©V _amio `m§Zm VrZ EH$amVyZ 5 bmI 25 hOma én`o CËnÞ {_imbo Amho d VrZ EH$amgmR>r 63 hOma én`o IM© Pmbm Amho.
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 17
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qgMZgw{dYm H$_r Agë`mZo OmñVrV OmñV eoVr H$moaS>dmhÿ d nmdgmda Adb§~yZ AgVo. Joë`m (1984 Vo 2011) `m H$mimVrb nmD$g_mZ nm{hë`mg Vo A{ZpíMV d H$_rOmñV Amho. doioda nmD$g `oV Zmhr. Ambm Var nwT>o _moR>o I§S> nS>VmV qH$dm nmD$g Anwam nS>Vmo,AWdm _mKmarMm nmD$g `oV Zmhr d Ambm Var AË`§V H$_r AgVmo. n[aUm_ eoVr CËnmXZmda hmoVmo. eoVrMr /~mJoMr H$m_o doioda ìhmdr, `mAmYr nmdgmMm A§XmO Amnë`mbm `oUo _hÎdmMo R>aVo. AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV, hdm_mZ ImVo gwg‚m `§ÌUo_wio nmdgmMm AMyH$ A§XmO XoD$ eH$Vo. _mÌ {d^mJ, {OëømZwgma `mV nm{hOo VodT>r AMyH$Vm ZgVo. hdm_mZ ImË`mÀ`m, XÿaXe©Z/d¥ÎmnÌmV `oUmè`m A§XmOmgmo~VM ñWm{ZH$ A§XmO, OwÝ`m J«§WmVrb lr damh{_hra VgoM lr. X. Jmo. IS>oH$a `m§Zr 1939 _Ü`o H$bmd¡^d `m J«§WmÀ`m 8 ì`m Amd¥ÎmrV {Xboë`m Aem R>moH$Vmù`m§Mr MMm© `oWo Ho$br Amho. `m R>moH$Vmù`m_wio nmdgmÀ`m `oÊ`mÀ`m A§XmOmg ~iH$Q>r `oD$ eHo$b Am{U Pmbm Va \$m`XmM hmoB©b, Var `m R>moH$Vmù`m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z nmhVm `oB©b. 1) M¡Ì-d¡emI `m _{hÝ`mV (_Ü` _mM© Vo E{àb AIoa) \$ma CîUVm_mZ dmTy>Z Iyn Ja_r Pmbr H$s nwT>o nmD$g Mm§Jbm `oVmo. 2) OyZ_Ü`o gy`© AñVmg OmVm§Zm Ë`mMo {~~§ A§YyH$ d _iH$Q> Agob VgoM nyd}H$S>rb AmH$me bmb AgyZ VoWo bmoH$argmaaIo T>J {Xgbo Va nmD$g bdH$a nS>Uma Ago g_Omdo. 3) nyd}H$S>rb T>Jm§da, AñVmg OmUmè`m gy`m©Mr {H$aUo namd{V©V hmoV Agë`mg nmD$g `oUma Ago g_Omdo. 4) nmdgmù`mÀ`m gw_mamg X{jUoH$Sy>Z OmoamMo dmao dmhÿ bmJbo,H$mio T>J `oD$ bmJbo,Ë`mV drO M_Hy$ bmJbr Va nmD$g H$mhr VmgmV/ doim V `oB©b, Ago g_Omdo.
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 18 5) gy`m©ñVmMo doir qeJmà_mUo bm§~ àH$me nS>Uo VgoM nyd}nmgyZ npíM_oH$Sy>Z T>J ngabo Agë`mg. nmD$g H$mhr {XdgmV qH$dm nm¡{U©_obm d Ë`mZ§Va nS>ob Ago g_Omdo. 6) amÌr JS>JSy> bmJbo qH$dm {dOm M_Hy$ bmJë`m H$s, nmD$g H$mhr doimVM nS>ob. 7) gaS>çmMm a§J àW_ {ndim, d Z§Va EH$X_ Vm§~S>m Pmë`mg ho nmdgmMo bjU g_Omdo. 8) nmD$g Odi Ambm H$s gaS>o, Hw§$nUmda ~gyZ ~m[aH$ eri Kmby bmJVmV. 9) nmD$g gwê$ hmoÊ`mnydu {M_Ê`m D§$M CS>V ZmhrV, Ë`m O{_ZrOdiyZ CS>VmV. 10) nmD$g gwê$ hmoÊ`mnydu H$moaS>çm O{_Zrda ~oSy>H$ CS>çm _mê$ bmJVmo d AmdmO H$ê$ bmJVmo. 11) {MbQ>,o ZmH$VmoS>,o Q>mi o , n§I \w$Q>bb o o _wJ§ io gm`§H$mir d amÌr KamV {Xì`mda `oVmV Voìhm ho nmD$g bdH$a `oÊ`mMo {MÝh Amho. 12) H$mù`m/ bmb _w§½`m Amnbo OwZo {R>H$mU ~XbyZ Zì`m {~imV YmÝ`mMo H$U, gmIa B. ZoD$ bmJVmV, Á`m_wio _moR>r am§J bmJVo. 13) amÌr H$mOdo _moR>çm à_mUmda M_Hy$ bmJbo H$s nmD$g `oUma Ago g_Omdo. 14) {ZdSw>§Jmg Zdr nmbdr \w$Q>br åhUOo nmD$g Odi Ambm Ago g_Omdo. 15) do{b`m _moJè`mMm ~hma g§nVmo d OmB©-OwB©bm Zdr nmbdr \w$Qy> bmJVo Voìhm nmD$g H$mhr {Xdgm§V `oVmo Agm _mPm AZw^d Amho. 16) nmD$g `oUma Agë`mg H$mnS>o njr H$moH$UmVyZ
_moR>çm Pw§S>rZo Xoemda `oD$ bmJVmV. 17) "noV} ìhm, noV} ìhm' Agm AmdmO H$arV {d{eï> njr AmH$memV CS>Vmo Voìhm nmD$g Odi Amho ho g_Omdo. 18) Á`m {Xder gH$miÀ`m àhar (7 Vo 10) ñdÀN>, b»I D$Z Agob Ë`m {Xder Xþnmar/ gm`§H$mir nmD$g nS>ob. 19) g_wÐ{H$Zmar {_R>mMo AmJamVyZ H$moH$mo njr {_R>mMo IS>o AmoaS>V CMbyZ ZoVmV Voìhm 2 Vo 3 {XdgmV VoWo nmD$g nS>Vmo. 20) nmD$g nS>Ê`mnydu {_R>mg Iam `oVmo åhUOo Mm§Jbo _rR> Z V`ma hmoVm H$modio {d{MÌ ~m[aH$ _rR> V`ma hmoVo Voìhm nmD$g `oVmo. 21) hbdm _mgm {H$Zmè`mOdi `oD$ bmJbm H$s nmD$g `oVmo. 22) S>mŠo `mda drO M_Hy$ bmJbr d {Xdgm dmam A{O~mV gwQ>bm Zmhr Va Ë`m{Xder nmD$g nS>ob. 23) {Xdgm YwHo$ d Ë`mM gm`§H$mir D$Z nS>bo Va nmD$g nS>V Zmhr. 24) ewÕ njmVrb 2 è`m AmR>dS>çmnmgyZ nmD$g nSy> bmJë`mda Vmo nm¡{U©_on`ªV Mmby amhVmo. nU dÚ njmVrb 2 è`m AmR>dS>çmnmgyZ nmD$g gwê$ Pmbm Va Vmo \$ma {Xdg {Q>H$V Zmhr. {d{dY _mÜ`_m§_YyZ dV©{dë`m OmUmè`m hdm_mZmÀ`m A§XmOm§Mr `m boImVrb R>moH$Vmù`m§À`m AZw^dm§er Adí` VwbZm H$amdr. UUU
dmMH$m§Zm AmdmhZ ~iramOm _m{gH$mV {d{dY {df`m§da à{gÜX hmoUmè`m _m{hVrnyU© boIm§da OmJ¥V dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z ì`º$ Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m à{V{H«$`m§Mr XIb KoD$Z d Ë`m§Zr doimodi o r Ho$boë`m gyMZm§Mm ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z Joë`m 42 dfmªnmgyZ ~iramOmMr _mJ©H$« _Um `eñdrarË`m gwê$ Amho. Ho$di nwñVH$s kmZ XoUmè`m boIm§Edo Or eoVrVrb àË`j à`moJm§_YyZ Amboë`m AZw^dm§da AmYm[aV boIm§Mr g§»`m dmT>{dÊ`mda ^a XoÊ`mg àma§^ Pmbm AgyZ eoVH$è`m§gmR>r Cn`wº$ Agbobo boI à{gÜX H$aÊ`mdaM g§nmXH$s` _§S>imMm H$Q>mj AgUma Amho. ~iramOm _m{gH$mÀ`m dmQ>MmbrV dmMH$m§Mm gh^mJ AË`§V _hÎdmMm Agë`m_wio dmMH$m§Zr H$moUVmhr g§H$moM Z ~miJVm _m{gH$mVrb boIm§da Amnë`m naIS> à{V{H«$`m ì`º$ H$amì`mV d _m{gH$mV CÎmamoÎma gwYmaUm ìhmdr `mgmR>r gyMZmhr nmR>dmì`mV hr Z_« {dZ§Vr.
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 19
nrH$ nmUr
amO{Jam hr _hmamï´>mMo J«m_rU ^mJmV nydunmgyZ bmoH${à` Aer nmbo^mOr Amho. `m {nH$mÀ`m {~`m§nmgyZ bmøm, Jyi KmbyZ bmSy>, JwS>XmUr, {M¸$s H$aVmV. Vo gd© nXmW© Cndmgmbm MmbVmV. nmZo d XoR> ho ^mOrgmR>r AmhmamV dmnaVmV. Amamo½`mgmR>r amO{Jam ^mOr VgoM BVa nXmW© AmhmamV H$m`_Mo g_m{dï> Ho$ë`mg AZoH$ ì`mYr hmoUma ZmhrV. Va H$mhr§Mm Ìmg H$_r hmoB©b.
{d. J. amD$i ~meu
Amamo½`Xm`r amO{Jam _hmamï´>mMo J«m_rU ^mJmV nydunmgyZ bmoH${à` Aer hr nmbo^mOr
Amho. amO{Jam {~`m§nmgyZ bmøm, Jyi KmbyZ bmSy>, JwS>XmUr, {M¸$s H$aVmV. Vo gd© nXmW© Cndmgmbm MmbVmV. amO{Jam nmZo d XoR> ho ^mOrgmR>r AmhmamV dmnaVmV. _mÌ CndmgmMo nXmW© Zoh_rMo AmhmamV ZgVmV. Amamo½`mgmR>r amO{Jam ^mOr VgoM BVa nXmW© AmhmamV H$m`_Mo g_m{dï> Ho$ë`mg AZoH$ ì`mYr hmoUma ZmhrV. Va H$mhr§Mm Ìmg H$_r hmoB©b. amO{Jam `m {nH$mda Amamo½` d Amhma `m Ñï>rZo Img g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`mV amO{Jè`mMr nmZo, XoR> d {~`m§nmgyZ ~Zdbobo à{H«$`m nXmW© AmhmamV dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag H aÊ`mV Ambr. `m {e\$magrdê$Z amO{Jam eoVr A_o[aHo$V Jobo 2 XeH$mV bjUr` doJmZo dmT>br. `m ^mOrV d {~`mV earambm Amdí`H$ AgUmao gd© KQ>H$ _moR>çm à_mUmV AmhoV. A_o[aHo$V `m PmS>mbm (Future Perfect nutricious plant) g_OVmV. J[a~m§gmR>r nwUm©Þ d Vohr ñdñV `m Ñï>rZo `mbm _hÎd Amho. AmnUmH$S>Mo AmhmamVk `mMm g_mdoe {eeyAmhmamV H$m H$arV ZmhrV g_OV Zmhr. Ho$ir,amO{Jam bmSy> d {M¸$s `m_wio Amhma OmñV gH$g H$aVm `oB©b. {edm` ~aoM {Xdg {Q>H$Uo d dmhVwH$sg gmonm hr amO{Jè`mMr d¡{eîQ>ço AmhoV. amO{Jam nmZ d {~`m§ M o Amamo ½ `mÀ`m Ñï>rZo _hÎd. 1) amO{Jam nmZmV BVa nmbo^mÁ`m§Mo VwbZoV àWrZo ,MwZm, bmoh d H°$amo{Q>Z VgoM OrdZgÎd ~ d H$ OmXm AgVo. 2) amO{Jam {~`mV Jhÿ, Vm§Xi ÿ , Ádmar, ~mOar, _H$m `m V¥UYmÝ`m§njo m AmhmamV bmJUmao gd© _hÎdmMo KQ>H$ OmñV à_mUmV AmhoV. 3) amO{Jam {~`mV Ho$di à{WZm§Mo à_mUM OmXm Zmhr. Va Ë`m
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 20 à{WZmMr àV hr A{V CÎm_ Amho. Ë`mÀ`mV Agbobo bm`{gZ d A{_Zmo Amåbo eara nmofUmgmR>r Amdí`H$ d OéarMo Amho. 4) amO{Jè`mV BVa V¥UYmÝ`m§nojm _oXmMo (pñZ½Ym§e) à_mU OmñV Amho. hm _oX 75 Q>¸o$ AZg°À`waoQ>oS> \°$Q>r A°grS> ñdê$nmV AgVmo. `m _oXmVM 50 Q>ŠŠ`m§njo m OmñV bm`ZmobBo H$ Amåb AgVo. ho eara nmofUmgmR>r _hÎdmMo Amåb Amho. {edm` Vo earamV V`ma hmoV Zmhr. Vo AmhmamVyZ Úmdo bmJVo. 5) ~mbH$m§Zm, VgoM 7 Vo 12 d`mVrb _wbm§Zm amO{Jam bmSy>, {M¸$s, bmøm, JwS>XmUr \$º$ CndmgmÀ`m {XderM XoD$ ZH$m, Va AmR>dS>çmVyZ {H$_mZ XmoZ doim Úm. amO{Jè`mÀ`m 100 J«°_²g ^mJmV Agboë`m KQ>H$m§Mr BVa YmÝ`mer VwbZm. à{WZo _o X jma MwZm ñ\y$aX bmo h {_.J« . {_.J« . {_.J« . J«°_ J«°_ J«°_ Jhÿ 11.5 1.5 1.5 41 306 4.9 Vm§Xÿi 6.8 0.5 1.5 10 160 3.1 Ádmar 10.4 1.9 1.6 25 222 5.4 ~mOar 11.6 5.0 2.3 42 297 5.0 _H$m 11.1 3.6 1.5 10 348 2.0 amO{Jam16.5 5.3 5.3 223 625 17.4 darb VŠË`mdê$Z ñnï>nUo {XgyZ `oVo, H$s BVa gd© V¥UYmÝ`mMo VwbZoV à{WZo, _oX, jma, MwZm, \$m°ñ\$ag d bmoh
`m KQ>H$mV amO{Jam loð> Amho, Amamo½`Xm`r Amho. _hmamï´>mV amO{Jam hm _mR> `m ZmdmZohr AmoiIbm OmVmo. `m _mR>mÀ`m 60 àOmVr AmhoV. H$mhr àOmVr PwSwnm§gma»`m AgVmV. nmZm§Mm a§J ~è`mM àOmVr§_Ü`o {haì`mEodOr bmbga, Vm§~yg, Jwbm~r AgVmo.Aem àOmVr emo^oMr PmS>o åhUyZ dmnaVmV. ^mOrgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV `oUmè`m àOmVrM dmT>dyZ Ë`mMo ~r YaVmV. `m nmbo^mOrda {deof g§emoYZ Pmbobo Zmhr. Amnë`m hdm_mZmV IarnmV ho nrH$ nmdgmda KoVmV, ^mOrgmR>r {dH$VmV d ~r Yê$Z Ë`m§Mo à{H«$`m nXmW© JwS>XmUr, bmSy> d CndmgmÀ`m nXmWmªMr {dH«$s H$aVmV. `m {nH$mda g§emoYZ hmoD Z Ë`mMo ~mJm`V bmJdS> V§Ì IV _mÌm d OmXm CËnmXZ XoUmao dmU {ZKUo Amdí`H$ Amho. amO{Jè`mà_mUoM _oWr, nmbH$, _wù`mMr nmZo, H$moqW~ra `m ^mÁ`mhr MwZm, ñ\y$aX, bmoh VgoM A d H$ OrdZgËdm§Zr g_¥Õ AmhoV. {edm` nmbo^mÁ`mV \$m`~a _moR>çm à_mUmV AgVmV. Ë`m_wio Amamo½` CÎm_ amhVo. nmbo ^ mÁ`m hmVmiVmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr. 1) ^mÁ`m {MaÊ`mAmYr ñdÀN> Ywdmì`mV. 2) {Maboë`m ^mÁ`m Ywdy Z`o. 4) nmbo^mÁ`m CKS>çm ^m§S>çmV {eOdy ZH$m. 5) CKS>çm ^m§S>çmV OrdZgÎdo Zme hmoVmV. 6) nmbo^mÁ`m Hw$H$a_Ü`o {eOdm. 7) nmUr H$_r dmnam. 8) ^mÁ`m {eOdbobo nmUr dmnam, \o$Hy$ ZH$m. 9) nmbo^mÁ`mV gmoS>m Kmby ZH$m. UUU
à`moJerb eoVH$è`m§Zm AmdmhZ JaO hr emoYmMr OZZr AgVo. Amü`©H$maH$ emoY Ho$di `wamon qH$dm A_o[aHo$VM bmJVmV Ago ZgyZ Amnë`m XoemVrb H$mZmH$monè`mV Ag§»` g§emoYH$ {dIwabobo AmhoV Á`m§Mo g§emoYZ AZoH$ H$maUm§_i w o H$YrM àH$memV `oV Zmhr. _hmamï´> d _hmamï´>m~mhoarb à`moJerb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§ M o g§ e mo Y Z OJmg_mo a AmUÊ`mMr gwdU©gY§ r àmá H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` ~iramOm
_m{gH$mZo KoVbm Amho. gd© g§emoYH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm AmdmhZ H$aÊ`mV `oVo H$s Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m ZmdrÝ`nyU© à`moJm§da AmYm[aV boI, AmH¥$Ë`m d \$moQ>mg| hrV ~iramOm H$S>o nmR>dmdoV. à`moJ eoVH$è`m§gmR>r AË`§V Cn`wŠV d ghO CnbãY hmoUmè`m gm{hË`mnmgyZ V`ma H$aVm `oÊ`mgmaIo AgmdoV. ZmdrÝ`nyU© d Cn`wº$ à`moJm§Zm ~iramOm _m{gH$mV R>iH$nUo à{gÜXr XoÊ`mV `oBb © .
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 21
nrH$ nmofU
OmñV CËnmXZ KoÊ`mÀ`m MT>mAmoT>rV O{_ZrVyZ {nH$mZo {H$Vr AÞÐì`o KoVbr d daIVmÛmao {H$Vr nwadbr Ë`mMo Vnerb ~maH$mB©Zo Vnmgbo OmV ZmhrV, `m~amo~aM H$moUË`m AÞÐì`mMr CnbãYVm O{_ZrV hmoVr d H$moUVr AÞÐì`o H$_r nS>br ho XoIrb {nH$mMo H$mT>UrZ§Va Xþb©{jbo OmVo. {d{dY {nH$m§Zm {gbrH$m°ZMr H$m JaO Amho `m~Ôb àñVwV boImV boIH$mZo MMm© Ho$br Amho.
{edmOr Wmo a mV doXm§V A°J«moQ>oH$, 221, _hmbú_r _mH}$Q>, _mH}$Q> `mS>©, nwUo 411037. ^«_UÜdZr … 9850085811.
{nH$m§Mr Zdg§OrdZr{g{bH$m°Z A{YH$ g§emoYZmMr JaO {g{bH$m°Z ho AÞÐì` eoVrgmR>r Cn`wº$ Agë`mMo B. g. 1848 gmbrM à`moJemioVrb g§emoYZmZwgma {gÕ Pmbo Amho. B.g. 1849 À`m XeH$mVM OnmZr g§emoYH$m§Zr `mMm IV åhUyZ dmnahr gwé Ho$bm hmoVm. B. g. 1840 gmbr OñQ>rg br~oJ `m O_©Z emókmZo eoVrgmR>r `mMm dmna H$amdm åhUyZ {e\$maghr Ho$br hmoVr d Ë`m§Zr gd©àW_ J«rZ hmD$g_Yrb ewJa~rQ>da `mMm `eñdr à`moJhr Ho$bm hmoVm. Oo. ~r. bm°dog `m {~«Q>re g§emoYH$mZo B. g. 1856 gmbr am°W_ñQ>rS> ñQ>oeZ (B§½b§S>) `oWo gdm©V àW_ eoVrda `mMm `eñdr à`moJ Ho$bm hmoVm. VX²Z§Va OnmZr emók AmoZmoS>oam `m§Zr B. g. 1917 gmbr ^mVmdarb H$anm amoJmg à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm `m AÞÐì`m_Ü`o Agë`mMo gà_mU {gÕ Ho$bo d hoM g§emoYZ `m{df`r eoVr emómVrb _wb^yV g§emoYZ åhUyZ emókm§Zr ñdrH$mabo Amho. Joë`m 60 dfm©V OJ^amVrb gd©M {dH${gV Xoem§Zr {g{bH$m°ZMr eoVr{df`H$ Cn`wº$Vm `m {df`mda gImob g§emoYZ Ho$bobo Amho d ho g§emoYZ OJ^a nmohmoMmdo åhUyZ A_o[aHo$Vrb âbmoarS>m `oWo B. g. 1999 gmbr n{hbr OmJ{VH$ {g{bH$m°Z n[afX g§nÞ Pmbr d VoWo OJ^amVrb g§emoYZ EH${ÌV H$ê$Z {g{bH$m°Z BZ A°J«rH$ëMa `m nwñVH$ énmZo bm°aoÝg S>°Q>Zm°\$, Om°O© ñZm`S>a d J°ñna H$m°Z©S>m\©$a `m emókm§Zr à{gÕ Ho$bobo Amho. VX²>Z§Va B. g. 2002 gmbr Xþgar AmV§aamï´>r` {g{bH$m°Z n[afX OnmZ_Ü`o Va 2005 gmbr {Vgar ~«mPrb_Ü`o, 2006 gmbr Mm¡Wr X{jU Am{\«$Ho$V Va nmMdr 2011 gmbr MrZ `oWo Aem AmOn`ªV nmM Am§Vaamï´>r` {g{bH$m°Z n[afXm g§nÞ Pmboë`m AmhoV d OJ^a `mMm eoVrgmR>r \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV dmna dmT>V Amho. ^maVmV `m{df`r S>m°. Zmam`U gmd§V, S>m°. H$m{eZmW gmoZma, S>m°.R>mH$ao, S>m°.Hw§$^ma, S>m°._mbodma BË`mXr emókm§Zr g§emoYZ Ho$bobo Amho. na§Vw Vo \$maM _`m©{XV ñdénmV d àmW{_H$ AdñWoVM Amho. ~§Jbmoa H¥${f
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 22 {dÚmnrR>mVrb g§emoYH$ S>m°. EZ. ~r. àH$me ho emók Jobr 15 df} `m {df`mda g§emoYZ H$arV AmhoV d Ë`m§Zr H$Zm©Q>H$mV `m {df`mda ~aoM g§emoYZ, ^mV, Ðmj, D$g BË`mXr nrH$mda Ho$bobo Amho. Ë`m§Zr ~§Jbmoa `oWo 2010 gmbr EH$ Am§Vaamï´>r` H$m`©emim XoIrb Am`mo{OV Ho$br hmoVr. amhþar `oWrb g§emoYH$ S>m°. {dZ` gwno, S>m°. A{Zb XþaJwS>o d S>m°. AemoH$amd T>Jo `m§Zr eoVH$è`m§À`m eoVmda `mMo {ZîH$f© AZw^dbobo AmhoV. {g{bH$m°Z `m AÞÐì`mMr H$m`©nÕVr hr àm_w»`mZo VrZ JwUY_m©da AmYm[aV Agë`mMo _V à{gÕ g§emoYH$ Om°Ýg Am{U h°ÝS´>rH$ VgoM em±JñQ>a Am{U Am°S>g²Z `m emókm§Zr ì`º$ Ho$bobo Amho. Vr åhUOo aMZmË_H$, d¡km{ZH$ d g§ajH$ H$m`©àUmbr. 1) aMZmË_H$ H$m`© à Umbr … hr H$m`©nÕVr åhUOo O{_ZrVrb _wim§Mr dmT> H$aUo, O{_Zrbm ^oXÊ`mgmR>r _yiVmbr noet_Ü`o eº$s {Z_m©U H$aUo, XoR>m§Mr VmH$X dmT>{dUo, nrH$ bmoiÊ`mnmgyZ ~Mmd H$aUo, XmUo ^aÊ`mMr {H«$`m gwb^ H$aUo, O{_ZrMo Amamo½` gwYmaÊ`mg _XV H$aUo, OrdmUy§Mr g§»`m dmT>Ê`mg nmofH$ dmVmdaU V`ma H$aUo BË`mXr hmo`. 2) d¡ k m{ZH$ H$m`© à Umbr … `m_Ü`o nmÊ`mMo nmZm§VyZ hmoUmao ~mînr^dZ H$_r H$aUo, O{_ZrMr ObYmaUm eº$s dmT>{dUo, _wim§Zm Am°ŠgrOZMm nwadR>m dmT>{dUo, _wim§À`m hdm d AÞÐì` emofU H$aÊ`mÀ`m nmoH$ù`m _O~yV H$aUo, O{_ZrVrb pñWa Pmbobm \$m°ñ\$ag CnbãY H$aUo d \$m°ñ\$agMo pñWarH$aU H$_r H$aUo, ZÌ d nmbme `m§Mm O{_ZrVyZ hmoUmam {ZMam H$_r H$aUo d Ë`m§Mr {nH$mg CnbãYVm dmT>{dUo, \$moQ>moqgWo{gg hr {H«$`m gwb^ d _moR>çm à_mUmda hmoÊ`mg _XV H$aUo, jma j_Vo{déÕ à{VH$maH$ j_Vm dmT>{dUo , ZÌmMm A{Vdmna Vgo M A°ë`w{_{Z`_, _±JoZrO d bmoh BË`mXr YmVw§Mm {dfmarnUm H$_r H$ê$Z {nH$mda hmoUmam {dnarV n[aUm_ H$_r H$aUo, JwUdÎmm dmT>{dUo BË`mXr. 3) g§ a jH$ H$m`© à Umbr … `m H$m`©nÕVr_Ü`o amoJ d {H$S>tMm à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mMr eº$s {Z_m©U H$aUo, noerq^VrH$m OmS> d _O~yV H$aUo, noer^modVr g§ajH$ H$dM {Z_m©U H$aUo, amoJm§À`m {dfmUy§Mr dmT> amoIUo, OoUoH$ê$Z agemofH$ {H$S>r d AZoH$ amoJm§nmgyZ {nH$m§Mm ~Mmd H$aVm `oVmo. {nH$m§À`m A§Jr VmU-VUmdmg (O¡{dH$ d A-O¡{dH$ VmU VUmd) à{VH$maH$ eº$s {Z_m©U H$aUo, ë`w{gZ, Am`gmoë`w{gZ d bm`grZ BË`mXr àm{WZmåbo
V`ma hmoÊ`mg _XV H$aUo, OoUoH$ê$Z {nH$m§darb OI_m (Ðmj N>mQ>Urdoir) ^aÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. ë`w{gZ_wio COm© V`ma hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo Va bm`grZ_wio amoJà{VH$maH$ e{º$ dmT>Vo Am{U Am`gmoë`w{gZ_wio nMZ, dhZ ì`dpñWV hmodyZ \$moQ>moqgWo{gggmR>r bmJUmar COm© gmR>{dbr OmVo. AemàH$mao ho {nH$m§À`m dmT>rgmR>r, VgoM O{_ZrÀ`m Amamo½`mgmR>rhr _hÎdmMo AÞÐì` Agë`mMo {gÕ Pmbobo Amho. {g{bH$m°Z`wº$ IVm§À`m D$g, H$mnyg, H$m§Xm, ^wB©_yJ, hiX, Ambo, Ho$ir BË`mXr {nH$mda doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr CXm. H¥${f {dkmZ H|$Ð, ~mam_Vr, H$mbdS>o, Zm{eH$, ~m^ioída `oWo `eñdr MmMÊ`m Pmboë`m AmhoV. VgoM _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§VJ©V amhþar d H$moëhmnya `oWohr D$g d ^mV{nH$mda à`moJ Mmby AmhoV. eoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo IMm©V H$nmV hmodyZ CËnmXZ dmT>hr gmYVm `oV Agë`mZo `mMm dmna dmT>Uo JaOoMo Amho. MrZ, OnmZ, H$moar`m BË`mXr ^mV {nH${dUmè`m XoemV ho IV eoVH$è`m§Zm gaH$mar AZwXmZmda CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbobo Amho. Va ~«mPrb, Am°ñQ´>o{b`m, A_o[aH$m, a{e`m, X{jU Am{\«$H$m BË`mXr XoemV D$g, H$mnyg, _H$m, \$i~mJm d Mmam {nH$m§gmR>r `mMm _moR>çm à_mUmV dmna hmoV Amho. AmnUmH$S>o _mÌ AÚmnhr `mda {deof g§emoYZ Pmbobo Zmhr. gd}jUmZwgma gd©M {dÚmnrR>m§À`m emókm§Zr `m§Mo _hÎd _mÝ` Ho$bobo Amho. na§Vw Anwao g§emoYZ d _`m©{XV CnbãYVm `m_wio {nH$m§Zm dmnaÊ`mÀ`m {e\$maer Ho$ë`m OmV ZmhrV. na§Vw `mda gImob g§emoYZ hmodyZ Vo {e\$maerV hmoUo d Ë`mMm \$m`Xm eoVH$è`m§Zm hmoUo AË`§V JaOoMo Amho. {Xdg|{Xdg hdm_mZmV AË`§V à{VHy$b ~Xb hmoVmZm {XgV AmhoV. VgoM O{_ZrMo KQ>Vo Amamo½` d {nH$m§Mohr KQ>Vo CËnmXZ `m_wio CËnmXZ IM© dmT>V AgyZ CËnmXH$Vm KQ>V Amho. `mH$m_r {g{bH$m°ZMm dmna {ZpíMVM \$m`ÚmMm R>aV Amho. dg§VXmXm gmIa g§ñWm, nwUo `oWrb à`moJmZwgma CgmgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 400 {H$bmo `mMm dmna Ho$bm AgVm 18 _o. Q>Z CgmMo CËnmXZ dmT>bo Va 2200 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a gmIaoMo CËnmXZ dmT>bo. VgoM H¥${f {dkmZ H|$Ð H$mbdS>o, Vm. H$amS> `oWrb à`moJmZwgma CgmMo hoŠQ>ar 30 _o. Q>Z CËnmXZ dmT>ë`mMoo {XgyZ Ambo Amho. AemM àH$maMo {ZîH$f© H$m§Xm, ~Q>mQ>m, Ambo, hiX, ^wB_© Jy , \$i~mJm`Vr BË`mXr {nH$m§gmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zr {g{bH$m°ZMm dmna Ho$bm AgVm {XgyZ Ambobo AmhoV. _`m©{XV g§emoYZmA^mdr Oar H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§À`m {e\$mar Zgë`m Var eoVH$è`m§Zr `mMm dmna H$ê$Z ñdV… ImÌr H$ê$Z KoUo JaOoMo Amho. UUU
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 27
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Z¡g{J©H$ OZwH$m§_Ü`o Vm§{ÌH$ hñVjon H$ê$Z V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambobo ImÚYmÝ` `m V§ÌmbmM Or.E_. åhQ>bo OmVo. ~rQ>r hm àH$ma XoIrb AgmM EH$. `m OrE_ V§ÌkmZmMo A_o[aHo$Vrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ambobo AZw^d BVa AZoH$ Xoem§Zm ^{dî`mV YmoŠ`mMm Bemam Agy eH$Vrb. AWH$ à`ËZm§Z§Va {_imbobo emoY-{ZîH$f© ì`dhmamV H$go dmnam`Mo ho V§Ì XoIrb _m{hVr AgUo _hÎdmMo Amho. na§Vw emók V§Ì emoYë`mÀ`m AmZ§XmV ì`mdhm[aH$Vm {dgaVmV. `m_YyZ H$mhr YmoHo$ {Z_m©U hmoVmV. AÞYmÝ` {nH$mMo dmU Zï> hmoUo qH$dm H$sQ>H$, dmam `m§À`m dhZm_wio Ë`m dmUmV doJio ~Xb hmoUo ho g§^mì` YmoHo$ CX²^dy eH$VmV. S>°{ZEb é~oZ, BómB©b
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H$ê$Z V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambobo ZdrZ YmÝ`, ^mÁ`m, \$io, _mgo dJ¡ao. `mbm Genetically Modified Food qH$dm Genetically Modified Organism Agohr g§~moYVmV. ~r.Q>r.(Q´>mÝg{OZ°{Q>Šg) hm àH$mahr Ë`mVbmM. hr BVa YmÝ`m§gmaIrM YmÝ`o AmhoV. ~hþYm H$mH$U^a gagM AgmdrV. Ë`m§Mo JwU Ago... {H$Q>H$m§Mm Ìmg H$_r hmoVmo qH$dm hmoV Zmhr. amoJ H$_r `oVmV qH$dm `oV ZmhrV d CËnmXZ OmñV {_iVo. Ë`mV EH$ Xmof Agm.. Vr KS>dÊ`mgmR>r OZwH$mV JS>~S> H$aUmao emók ñdV…bm Xod g_OyZ ~gboV. V§Ì {_imbo Amho åhUyZ dmQ>ob Vo H$aVmV. H moUVrhr OZwHo$ Hw$R>ohr Q>mH$VmhoV. CXmhaUmW© H$mhr g_wÐr _mñ`m§Mr OZwHo$ YmÝ`mV qH$dm ^mOrV KmbyZ _moH$io hmoVmV. Aem ^mOrMr JUZm emH$mhmamV H$am`Mr H$s _m§gmhmamV? amZQ>r {dfmar PmS>m§Mr OZwHo$ ^mOrV, \$i PmS>mV KmbVmV. Aer ^mOr, \$io Im`Mr H$s Zmhr? amono ImD$Z OZmdao XJmdbrV. ^mOr \$io ImD$Z bmoH$m§Zm A°bOu Ambr. Vo Agmo. bmoH$m§Mr g_OyV AmnU H$mTy> eHy$." ho _m§gmhmamV JUmdo qH$dm `mMr OZwHo$ {dfmar PmS>m§nmgyZ KoÊ`mV Ambobr AmhoV,nU `mV {df Zmhr' Ago nmoË`m§da d doï>Zm§da {bhÿ. Z g_OUmè`m emór` ^mfoV Z {b{hVm gmÜ`m ^mfoV {bhÿ hdo Va! `m ZdrZ YmÝ`m{df`r gm§JVmZm, amoJ à{VH$maH$ Amho, `mÀ`mda h„m H$aUmao H$sQ>H$M _aVmV, OmñV CËnmXZ XoUmao Amho, IV H$_r bmJVo, nmUr H$_r bmJVo, XþîH$mimg Vm|S> XoVo dJ¡ao...JwUm§Mm ZwgVm ^{S>_ma H$aÊ`mV `oVmo, nU gm§JÊ`mV `oV ZmhrV Aem ~m~rhr Ë`m _mJo XS>boë`m AgVmV. Ë`mÀ`m \w$bmV e{º$embr nw§Ho$ga _moR>çm à_mUmda {Z_m©U hmoVmV, hdoZo CSy>Z bm§~da OmVmV, VoWrb Xoer dmUm§À`m \w$bm§Zm \${bV H$aVmV d Vo dmU Xÿ{fV hmoVo. H$mbm§VamZo Vo Zmhrgo ìhmdo Aem hoVwZo `m§Mr aMZm H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho Ago OmUdVo.
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 28 Ago hmoVm-hmoVm gwédmVrbm hiyhiy ,Z§Va doJmZo nU {ZpíMVM Xoer dmU Zmhrgo hmoUma. `m ZdrZ {~`m§Mo noQ>§Q> Agë`mZo Vw_À`m eoVmdaMo ~r Vwåhmbmhr nwZbm©JdS>rgmR>r dmnaVm `oUma Zmhr, H§$nZrH$Sy>ZM ¿`mdo bmJob. H$Xm{MV MT>çm {H$_Vrbm! AmO OJmVrb 1/4 bmoH$ CnmernmoQ>r qH$dm AY©nmoQ>r Pmonr OmV AgVmZm `m§Zm qMVm Amho Vr ^{dî`mMr. OJmMr gVV dmT>Umar bmoH$g§»`m, OmJ{VH$ AÞgwajm dJ¡ao _moR>mbo eãX dmnê$Z Or.E_.Mo g_W©Z Ho$bo OmVo. nS>rH$ OmJm§{df`r MH$ma eãX ZgVmo. Amnë`mH$S>o dmagm h¸$m_wio dmQ>Ê`m hmodyZ O{_ZrMo bhmZbhmZ VwH$S>o Pmbo Vo H$gUo nadS>V Zmhr, O{_Zrg§X^m©V AZoH$ Xmdo AZoH$ dfmªnmgyZ Ý`m`mb`mYrZ Agë`mZo O{_Zr H$gÊ`mg Ý`m`mb`rZ _ZmB©, A_o[aHo$V EH$mM _mUgmH$S>o hOmamo EH$a O_rZ Amho Va Vr H$gUo hmoV Zmhr, nyd}bm Am°ñQ´>o{b`mV O{_ZrV _rR> \w$Qy>Z Ë`m Iam~ Pmë`mV Aem {H$VrVar H$maUm§Zr {H$VrVar O{_Zr eoVrÀ`m AgyZhr bmJdS>rImbr ZmhrV, VemM nSy>Z AmhoV. Va Or.E_. JaOooMo Amho H$m`? Vo Agmo Zgmo Vo Agob Va Amnë`mbm Vo H$go ZS>ob ho AmnU Amnë`m Ñï>rZo nmhÿ `m. nmhÿ `m EH$m eoVH$è`mMr JmWm. A_o[aHo$Mr eoVr Amnë`mgmaIrM nma§n[aH$ Amho. Vo eoVH$arhr Amnë`mgmaIoM H$ï>miy AmhoV. VoWohr nhmQ>onmgyZ Vo gwJrÀ`m {XdgmV amÌ-amÌ H$m_ MmbVo. VoWrb H$ma^marUhr XþnmaMm {eKm KoD$Z eoVmda OmVo. \$º$ Vr MmbV OmV Zmhr. ñdV…À`m _moQ>marVyZ OmVo. (`m _moQ>mar `oVmV Hw$Ry>Z hm EH$ doJim {df` Amho. nwÝhm Ho$ìhm Var) \$aH$ EdT>mM H$s ~whVoH$ gd© H$m_o `§ÌmZo hmoVmV. Vohr gmono Zmhr ho AmVm Amnë`m Ü`mZr Ambo AgobM. {Xdg^a Zìho, {Xdg-{Xdg `§ÌmÀ`m KaKarV amhUo _hmH$_© H${R>U H$m_. H$m_ XmoÝhrH$S>o H$R>rUM. H$ï> H$am, OJmbm OJdm Am{U {Z_yQ> ahm. VoWohr eoVH$è`m§Mr Kwg_Q> AJXr Amnë`mgmaIrM Amho. JwUJm¡ad VoWohr Zmhr. Ë`m§À`mV Am{U Amnë`mV EH$ N>moQ>mgm \$aH$ Amho. Ë`m§Mr eoVo Iyn _moR>r AgVmV. `§Ìm§Mo MbZ, XoI^mb `mV Ë`m§Mm _moR>m n¡gm OmVmo. {heo~mMm Vmi-_oi KmbVmZm Ë`m§À`mhr ZmH$s ZD$ `oVmV. Varhr XmoZ n¡go Ë`m§À`m nXar {e„H$ amhVmV. AgmM EH$ eoVH$ar Ë`mMo Zmd ngu í`m`Oa, Zm°W© S>oH$moQ>m (A_o[aH$m) amÁ`mV Ë`mMo 1500 + EH$ dS>rbmonm{O©V eoVr Amho. Vo H$Zmobm (amB©gmaIo Vob ~r) {nH$dVmV.
Xadfuà_mUo Ë`mhr dfu Ë`m§Zr nma§n[aH$ ~r dmnê$Z Ë`mVyZ eoVo noabr. daÀ`m A§Jmbm Hw$Ur eoOmè`mZo Or.E_. H$Zmobm AmUyZ noabm. Ë`mZ§Va hdoZo n§wHo$ga BH$S>o {VH$S>o Jobo Am{U í`m_Oa gmho~m§Mo nma§n[aH$ dmU {~KS>bo. Ë`mV Or.E_.Mo {_lU Pmbo. ZwH$gmZ eoVH$è`mMo Pmbo. VoWrb H$ma^mahr BH$S>À`mgmaImM C\ amQ>m Amho. H§$nZrZo í`m`OaÀ`m eoVmV {eê$Z (ho VoWo H$m`Xoera Zmhr) {nH$mMo Z_wZo KoVbo (hohr ~oH$m`Xoera Amho) Am{U Ë`m§À`m noQ>§Q> YmÝ`mMr Mmoar Ho$br Agm Amamon eoVH$è`mda Ho$bm. dmX gwàr_ H$moQ>m©n`ªV Jobm. H$moQ>m©V í_m`OaZo h§~aS>m \$moSy>Z d Ord VmoSy>Z ZwH$gmZ _mPo Pmbo Amho ho gm§JÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm, nU Á`m H§$nZrMo àdV©H$ / {hñgoXma (eoAa hmoëS>g©) amÁ`H$V} Am{U CƒnXñ` A{YH$mar AmhoV Ë`m H§$nZr{déÜX {ZH$mb OmB©bM H$gm? eoVH$è`m§À`m _wb^yV A{YH$mamMr nm`_„r H$arV H$mo Q >m© Z o {ZH$mb {Xbm. hdo V y Z , H$sQ>H$m§Ûmao,njm§Ûmao,àmÊ`m§Ûmao qH$dm H$emhr arVrZo H§$nZrÀ`m nw§Ho$gam§Zr \$bYmaUm Pmbr Agob Va Ë`mda H§$nZrMr _mbH$s Agob.Ë`m§Zm 2,00,000 S>m°ba X§S> ^amdm bmJbm. Xÿ{fV Pmë`mZo Am{U H$ï> H$ê$Z {nH$dbo Agob Var _mbH$s CS>më`mZo 1000 nm¢S> (450 {H$bmo) nma§n[aH$ {~`mUo OmiyZ Q>mH$mdo bmJbo. H$Zmobm ho EH$Q>o nrH$ Zìho, Aer {H$Ë`oH$ {nHo$ AmhoV. ngu í_m`Oa ho EH$Q>o eoVH$ar ZìhVo.Aem 900 eoVH$è`m§da Xmdo bmdÊ`mV Ambo. ^mZJS>r dmT>dÊ`mnojm ~hþVoH$m§Zr X§S> ^amdm. `m eoVH$è`m§Zm doR>rer Yê$Z H§$nZrZo A_o[aH$Z eoVH$è`m§V XheV {Z_m©U Ho$br. AmO VoWrb eoVH$ar ñdV…Mo ~r gmR>dyZ noam`bm H$MaVmo`.H$mb Ë`m§Mr nmir hmoVr CÚm Amnbr Zgob H$emdê$Z? {dMma H$am. Or.E_. CnàH$mamMo Q>{_©ZQo >a ZmdmMo ~r ~Z{dÊ`mV Ambobo Amho. noabobo ~r CJdVo, CËnmXZhr XoVo,_mÌ nwÝhm noabo Va Vo CJdV Zmhr, gd© {~`m dm§P {ZnOVmV. `mV AmUIr EH$ àH$ma Amho. {~{PZog à_moQ>a grS>. ho ~r noabo Va Ë`mda `mM H§$nZrZo ~Z{dbobr H$mhr agm`Zo \$dmaë`m {edm` Vr CJdV ZmhrV. H§$nZrMm Y§Xm Xþhoar hmoVmo. EHy$U Ago Y§Xo H$aVmV A_o[aH$Z! `mda H$ha åhUOo Senate Bill S 510 Safety Modernization Act ho {dYo`H$ ~wOJw mªZr {Xboë`m gëë`mH$S>o Xþb©j H$ê$Z nm[aV Ho$bo d Ë`mda EH$Xm amï´>mÜ`jm§Mr ghr Pmbr H$s A_o[aH$m g§nbr.
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 29 Wm°_g Oo\$agZ, A_o[aHo$Mo g§ñWmnH$ Am{U {Vgao AÜ`j (1801-1809) åhUyZ JoboV - ""H$m` Imdo Am{U H$moUVr Am¡fYo ¿`mdrV ho R>a{dÊ`mMo A{YH$ma bmoH$m§Zr gaH$mabm {Xbo Va Owb_w mImbr OJUmè`m§À`m AmËå`mgmaIr `m§Mr earaohr bm¡H$aM X¡Ý`mdñWoV OmVrb. (If the people let the Goverment decide what food they eat and what medicines they take, their bodies will be soon in a sorry state as are soul of those who live under tyranny.) `m {dYo`H$m_wio eoVr H$aUo, gwJr H$aUo, YmÝ`
{dH$Uo qH$dm {~`mUo Odi ~miJUo H$m`ÚmZo JwÝhm hmoB©b. ~mJoV \w$bPmS>o bmdUohr JwÝhm hmoB©b. gaH$mar OmMmbm H§$Q>miyZ eoVH$ar eoVr H$aUo gmoSy>Z XoVrb. n¡gm AgyZhr AÞmgmR>r ^rH$ _mJÊ`mMr nmir Ë`m§À`mda `oB©b. Amnë`mM àOobm H$m|S>rV nH$Sy>Z _yR>^a bmoH$m§Mo CIi {ndio H$aUmao gaH$ma ñdV…À`m nm`mda Zìho Va _mZoda Hw$èhmS> _mê$Z KoVo Amho. Agmo, Ë`m§Mr qMVm _r H$m H$ê$? qMVm dmQ>Vo Vr Ë`m§Mr Zmhr, Amnbr. Amogar {Xbobo Or.E_. hiyhiy nm` ngaV§`. Vgo `m H$m`ÚmMohr A§YmZwH$aU Pmbo Va AmnUhr Ë`m§À`mgmaIoM dm`m OmD$. _m|Ýg±§Q>mo A{J«H$ëMab grS>²g ZmdmÀ`m H§$nZrH$S>o Ago 11,000 noQ>§Q²>g AmhoV. `mMm AW© OJmVrb gd© {nH$m§Mo noQ>§Q²g> Ë`m§À`mH$S>oM AmhoV. XodmH$S>ohr ~hþYm EdT>o noQ§Q²>g> ZgmdoV. g_ñV g¥ï>rMr {Z{_©Vr H$ê$Z Ë`mZo EH$hr noQ>§Q> {_i{dbobo Zmhr. ho _mÌ EoË`m {nR>mda aoKmoQ>çm _maV, Amho Ë`mV Ho$di hñVjon H$ê$Z OJmbm dogU KmbyZ XmdUrbm ~m§YyZ R>odÊ`mMm KmQ> KmbVmhoV. `m§Zm Aer noQ>§Q>²g {_iVmVM H$er? ho EH$ AmíM`©. OZwH$o Z¡g{J©H$M AmhoV.BH$S>Mr {VH$S>o {MH$Q>dbr åhUyZ Ë`mda `m§Mr _mbH$s H$erH$m` ~wdm? Ago H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma `m§Zm Hw$Ur {Xbm? Agmo, AmhoV Vk _§S>ir `mda {dMma H$am`bm qH$dm g_OyZ-C_OyZ H$mZmS>moim H$am`bm. `m H§$nZrÀ`m {dVaU g§ñWm eoOmaÀ`m ~m§Jbm Xoe, lrb§H$m d MrZ_Ü`o AmhoV. ^maVmV `oÊ`mMm à`ËZ Vr H$aVo Amho. H§$nZr Zmhr Ambr Var, Ë`m§À`m {~`mÊ`m§Mo nwHo$§ga Z¸$sM `oVrb. Ë`m AJmoXa JaO Agob Va, gmOogo H$m`Xo H$ê$Z ñdV… ^modVr H$dM V`ma H$ê$Z ¿`m. H§$nZrbm `oWo nm`hr R>oD$ XoD$ ZH$m.
gmë_Z (Cƒma … gm_Z) ZmdmMo _mgo ZXrÀ`m JmoS> nmÊ`mV OÝ_VmV Am{U g_wÐmV dmT>VmV. VrZ Vo AmR> dfmªZr d`mV Amë`mZ§Va bmIm|À`m g§»`oZo OÝ_ñWir naVyZ H$moQ>tÀ`m g§»`oZo A§S>r KmbyZ _ê$Z OmVmV. AmVm `m§Mm Am{U Or.E_.Mm H$m` g§~§Y? Amho amOo Amho. hm n{hbm _mgm Amho Á`mÀ`m OZwH$mV hñVjon H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. {df`mMo Vk gm§JVmV, ~Xbboë`m OZwH$m§Mo \$º$ 60 _mgo g_wÐmV Jobo Va nwT>À`m 40 {nT>çm§V Vr àOmVrM Zï> hmoB©b. `mMm AW© g_OVmo`? Ë`mda OJUmar Y«wdr` Añdbo Zï> hmoVrb, emH©$ Am{U {H$ba -ìhob Zï> hmoVrb, grb g§nVrb d AZoH$ njr Zï> hmoVrb. VoWrb PmS>o Zï> hmoVrb (hmo, {WOboë`m O{_ZrV dmT>Umè`m VoWrb PmS>mZ§ m _¥V _mñ`m§À`m earamVrb nmofH$ Ðì`o {_iVmV.) Qw>§S´>m àXoemVyZ _mUyg Zï> hmoB©b. hm _mUyg h§Jm_mV gmë_Z nH$Sy>Z df©^a Ë`mda JwOamU H$aVmo. `wamon, H°$ZS>m, A_o[aH$m, a{e`m, OnmZ, H$mo[a`m, MrZ `m§Mm EH$ Z¡g{J©H$ AÞ òmoV g§nob. Ë`m§Zm Ho$di Or.E_. _mgoM {dH$V ¿`mdo bmJVrb. g_Om, n¡embm hmdaQ> `m bmoH$m§Zr CÚm nmnboQ>, amdg, gwa_B©, XmS>m, ~m|{~b `m§Mo ~m{YV Za AmUyZ Amnëµ`m g_wÐmV gmoS>bo Va _mgohr Amnë`mbm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>ZM {dH$V ¿`mdo bmJVrb. AW©H$maUmV S>~KmB©bm Ambobr A_o[aH$m {~`m§Mo amOH$maU IoiyZ OJmda amÁ` H$ê$ nmhVo Amho. Ë`mMm OmñV H$b ^maV Am{U MrZH$S>o Amho. bmoH$g§»`m OmñV AgyZhr `m Xoem§Mr Am{W©H$ pñWVr ^¸$_ Amho. H$maU O{_Zr gwnrH$ AmhoV Am{U AOyZhr `oWo nmUr Amho. ImD$Z {nD$Z bmoH$ gwIr AmhoV. g§nyU© A_o[aH$m {dH$V KoD$ EdT>m ^maVmMm n¡gm pñdg ~±Ho$V pñWa Amho, Aer Hw$UHw$U Ë`m§À`mhr H$mZr Amho. S>moŠ`mbm WmoS>mgm VmU XoD$Z {dMma Ho$bm Va,A_o[aHo$Mm ^`mZH$ AÑí` amjg Amnë`m _mZJwQ>rda ~gÊ`mÀ`m ~oVmV Amho Ago OmUdob. ¿`mM Ë`m Om{Udm EH$Xm. Or.E_. H$mnyg Ambm` VodT>m nwao, Xþgao H$mhr `oD$ XoD$ ZH$m. OZVoZo ZmH$ nH$S>ë`mZ§Va Amnë`m gaH$maZo ~r.Q>r. dm§½`mÀ`m dmUm§da ~§Xr KmVbobr Amho. OmñV ZwH$gmZ hmoÊ`mAJmoXa Or.E_. H$mngmbm XoIrb H$mZ Yê$Z ~mhoa H$mT>m. Amnbo gaH$ma AOyZhr OZVoÀ`m H$ømV Amho. Vo VgoM R>odUo gd©ñdr Vw_À`m hmVr Amho. UUU
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 30
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 31 AS>Wim {Z_m©U hmoVmo. {nH$mÀ`m darb ^mJmg AÞ d nmÊ`mMm nwadR>m Z Pmë`m_wio {nH$mMo e|S>o d nmZo {ndiga nSy>Z Jiy bmJVmV. H$_Hw$dV Pmbobo ImoS> ghOnUo _moS>Vo. Á`m {d^mJmV dfm©VyZ EH$mnojm A{YH$ ^mV{nH KoVbo OmVo VoWo ImoS>{H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d A{YH$ AgVmo. nmdgmù`mV eodQ>À`m Q>ßß`mV XoIrb {H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d OmñV AmT>iyZ `oVmo. Air, nmZo nmoIê$Z ImoS>mV {eaVo d AmVrb Jm^m ImV e|S>çmH$S>o gaH$Vo. Ë`m_wio eoVmV dmibobo e|S>o {XgVmV. ^mVmMo e|S>o qH$dm nm|Jo gwH$V Agë`m_wioM ømbm "nm|Jm _a' Ago åhUVmV. VmQ> H$_Omoa nS>bo H$s, Air ZdrZ AÞmÀ`m emoYmV ZdrZ VmQ>m§da OmVo. Jm^m gwH$ë`m_wio nrH$ \w$bmoè`mda `oV Zmhr d ^mVmÀ`m bm|ã`m ~mhoa Z nS>ë`m_wio g§nyU© nrH$ hmVMo OmD eH$Vo. Aem àH$mao Air {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ H$aVo. nrH$ nmoQ>arV Amë`mda qH$dm ^mVmÀ`m bm|ã`m ~mhoa nS>ë`mZ§Va ImoS>{H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d Pmë`mg XmUo Z ^aboë`m nmoMQ> nm§T>è`m bm|ã`m V`ma hmoVmV. Aem bm|ã`m§Zm "nitO' Ago åhUVmV. Imo S >{H$S>rMo ì`dñWmnZ … ImoS>{H$S>rÀ`m Aù`m EH$Xm ImoS>mV {eaë`m H$s, Ë`m§Mo {Z`§ÌU H$aUo AdKS> AgVo. H$maU, \$dmaUr Ho$bobo H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ Ë`m§À`mn`ªV nmohMVM Zmhr. Ë`m_wio {H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d Z hmoÊ`mH$[aVm à{V~§YmË_H$ Cnm` qH$dm àmW{_H$ AdñWoVM àgma amoIUmao Cnm` OmñV Cn`wº$ R>aVmV. Ë`mH$[aVm Imbrbà_mUo Cnm` `moOZm H$amdr. no a Urny d © Cnm` … 1) dfm©Zwdf} gVV àË`oH$ h§Jm_mV ^mVnrH$ KoUo Q>mimdo. {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ> H$amdr. 2) CÝhmir Imob Zm§JaQ> H$ê$Z H$mS>rH$Mam, {nH$mMr YgH$Q>o VgoM VUm§Mm d ~m§Ymdarb JdVmMm Zme Ho$ë`mZo {H$S>rÀ`m gwámdñWm Zï> hmoVmV. 3) Imbr Z_yX Ho$boë`m ImoS>H$sS> à{VH$maH$ OmVtMm dmna H$amdm. aËZm, Am`. Ama. 20, Ama. nr. 414, Am`.B©.Q>r. Z§. 1621, 2815, 2830, 2845, 2893, 3093, 3116, 3127, 9611, Hw§$S>{bH$m, {dH$mg, gmHo$V-4 d gí`lr. 4) aËZm{Jar-24, O`m d ~mg_Vr-370 øm ImoS>{H$S>rg A{YH$ ~ir nS>Umè`m OmVr ImoS>H$sS> àmXw^m©dJ«ñV eoVmV bmdUo Q>mimdo. 5) bdH$a V`ma hmoUmè`m hiì`m OmVtMm dmna H$amdm. no a Ur do i r H$amd`mMo Cnm` …
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 32 H$amdm. _mÌ H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ dmnaVmZm O{_ZrV nwaoer Amob AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. 2) XmUoXma H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ dmnaUo eŠ` Zgë`mg hoŠQ>ar 500 br. nmÊ`mV 865 {_.br. EÝS>mogë\$mZ 35 B©. gr. qH$dm 800 {_.br. {¹$Zm°b\$m°g 25 B©. gr. qH$dm {_WmB©b n°am{WAm°Z `m àdmhr H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr. ^mV bmJUrdo i r H$amd`mMo Cnm` … 1) bmJU H$aVmZm amonm§Mo e|S>o IwSy>Z Zï> H$amdoV. Ë`m_wio nmZmÀ`m Q>moH$mdarb ImoS>{H$S>rMo A§S>rnw§O Zï> hmoVmV. 2) bmJU H$aVmZm XmoZ AmoirVrb d XmoZ amonmVrb `mo½` A§Va amImdo (bmJU 22.5 x 22.5 go._r., Q>moH$U 20 x 15 go._r. d noaUrgmR>r 2 AmoirVrb A§Va 22.5 g|._r.) gmYmaUnUo à{V Mm¡. _r. _Ü`o 45 MwS> Agmì`mV. 3) eŠ` Agë`mg nw Z bm© J Urny d u amo n m§ M r _w i o Šbmoanm`ar\$m°g ÐmdUmV 12 Vmg ~wS>dyZ R>odmdrV. Ë`mgmR>r 500 {_.br. Šbmoanm`ar\$m°g 20 B©.gr. 500 br. nmÊ`mV {_giyZ V`ma H$amdo. EH$ _moR>m ßbmpñQ>H$Mm H$mJX ngê$Z ~mOyZo C§MdQ>o H$ê$Z dm\$m V`ma H$amdm d Ë`m_Ü`o ho ÐmdU AmoVyZ Ë`mV amonm§Mr _wio 12 Vmg ~wS>dmdrV. ^mV bmJUrZ§ V a nrH$ dmT>rXaå`mZ H$amd`mMo Cnm` … 1) bmJUrZ§Va eoVm_Ü`o àmXw^m©d {XgyZ Amë`mg eoVmVrb amonm§Mo / VmQ>m§Mo e|S>o IwS>mdoV. 2) bmJUrZ§Va amondm{Q>Ho$Vrb dmâ`mdarb Cabobr amono Zï> H$amdrV. VUm§Mm doirM ~§Xmo~ñV H$amdm d ~m§Y gm\$ amImdoV. 3) IVm§Mm `mo½` dmna H$amdm. ZÌ`wº$ IVm§À`m A{V[aº$ dmnam_wio {H$S>tMo à_mU dmT>Vo. 4) {H$S>rMr A§S>r, Aù`m d H$mof Jmoim H$ê$Z Zï> H$amdoV. A§S>r {_imë`mg Jmoim H$ê$Z ~m§~yÀ`m qnOè`mV R>odmdrV, OoUoH$ê$Z A§S>çmda CnOr{dH$m H$aUmao Q´>m`H$moJ«m_m gmaIo ^jH$ eoVmV Jmoim hmoVrb. 5) àmXw^m©dJ«ñV nmZo, amono Am{U àmXþ^m©d H$aUmè`m AdñWm Jmoim H$ê$Z Zï> H$amì`mV. 6) O¡{dH$ {_Ì {H$S>r CXm. H$moir, S´>m`{ZS>g, nmÊ`mVrb T>oH$Uo, {_arS²>g, _Y_mem, MVya, ZmH$VmoS>o, ñQ>m\$m`{bZrS> ^w§Joao, H°$am~mB©S²>g, H$m°ŠgmoZobrS²>g, A°n§Q>obrg, Q>oQ´>mñQ>rMg, {Q>bmoZmo_mg, Q´>m`H$moJ«m_m, ~«°H$m°Z, ßb°Q>rJ°ñQ>a B. Mo g§JmonZ H$amdo. `mgmR>r JaOoZwgma d Amdí`H$Vm ^mgë`mgM
amgm`{ZH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$amdm. 7) njm§Zm ~gÊ`mgmR>r ~m§~yMo njrWm§~o V`ma H$amdo. Ë`m_wio njr Ë`mda ~gyZ Aù`m§Zm emoYyZ ImVmV. 8) ImoS>H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ^mV bmdUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§nmgyZ Q´>m`H$moJm« _m O°nmo{ZH$_ qH$dm Q´>m`H$moJm« _m {MbmoZrg àË`oH$s 10 {Xdgm§Zr 50,000 Vo 1,00,000 A§S>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 5 doir gmoS>Ê`mV `mdrV. `mH$[aVm Q´>m`H$moH$mS>©Mm dmna H$amdm. EH$m H$mS>©da gw_mao 20,000 namonOrdr A§S>r AgVmV. 9) àH$me gmnio d \o$amo_moZ (J§Y) gmnù`m§Mm dmna H$amdm. {ndù`m ImoS>{H$S>çm§Mo nV§J nH$S>Ê`mgmR>r 20 J§Ygmnio à{V hoŠQ>ar bmdUrZ§Va 10 {Xdgm§Zr ^mV eoVmV bmdmdoV. ^mV {nH$mÀ`m g§nyU© H$mbmdYrV J§Y gmnù`m§_Yrb J§Y
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 33 (5 {_. J«m./gmnim) 3 doim ~Xbmdm. 10) Ë`mMà_mUo gÜ`m àM{bV hmody bmJbobo H$mhr Anma§n[aH$ dZñnVrOÝ` {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm` XoIrb H$aVm `oD$ eH$VmV. H$Sy>qZ~ d qZ~mam (BamUr H$Sy>qZ~) øm dZñnVrOÝ` H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$aVm `oVmo. H$Sy>qZ~ qH$dm qZ~mè`mÀ`m {~`m§À`m nmÊ`mVrb AH$m©Mr \$dmaUr ImoS>H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$aVm `oVo. 11) amgm`{ZH$ Cnm` … nwZbm©JdS> Vo \w$Q>ì`m§Mr gwadmVrMr AdñWm d \w$Q>ì`m§Mr _Ü` AdñWm øm XmoÝhr nrH$ dmT>rÀ`m AdñWmXaå`mZ ImoS>{H$S>tMm àmXþ^m©d Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ nmVirnojm A{YH$ åhUOoM 1 nV§J qH$dm 1 A§S>rnw§O à{V Mm¡. _rQ>a qH$dm 5 Q>¸o$ gwH$bobo \w$Q>do EdT>m qH$dm `mnojm A{YH$ AmT>ië`mg 10 {H$bmo \$moaoQ> 10 Or. qH$dm 15 {H$bmo {¹$Zm°b\$m°g 5 Or. qH$dm 16.5 {H$bmo H$m~m} â `w a m° Z 3 Or. øm XmUo X ma {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mm à{V hoŠQ>ar dmna H$amdm. AÝ`Wm 800 {_.br. \o${ZQ´>mo{WAm°Z 50 B©. gr. 500 br. nmÊ`mV qH$dm 850 {_.br. EÝS>mogë\$mZ 35 B©.gr. 500 br. nmÊ`mV qH$dm 1600 {_.br. {¹$Zm°b\$m°g 25 B©. gr. 500 br. nmÊ`mV hr àdmhr H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ à{V hoŠQ>ar \$dmamdrV. {nH$mÀ`m A§{V_ AdñWoV åhUOoM bm|~r {ZgdUo, \w$bmoam, XÿYr AdñWm d Ë`mZ§Vahr ImoS>{H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d 1 nV§J qH$dm 1 A§S>rnw§O à{V Mm¡. _rQ>a øm Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ nmVir EdT>m AmT>ùë`mg 1 {H$bmo H$m~m©arb nmdS>a ({dÐmì`) 50 Q>¸o$ WP 500 br. nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr qH$dm 120 {_. br. gm`na_oW«rZ 25 B©. gr. 500 br. nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. nrH$ H$mnUrdo i r H$amd`mMo Cnm` … 1) {nH$mMr H$mnUr eŠ` {VVH$s O{_ZrbJV H$amdr. Ë`mH$[aVm S>m°. ~m. gm. H$moH$U H¥$fr {dÚmnrR>, XmnmobrZo {dH${gV Hoo$boë`m d¡^d {dù`mMm dmna H$amdm. Ë`m_wio nrH$ O{_ZrbJV H$mnVm `oVo d VUrgmgmo~V ImoS>{H$S>rÀ`m Aù`m d H$mof eoVm~mhoa OmVmV. ho VUrg OmiyZ Q>mH$mdo qH$dm Jwam§Zm ImD$ Kmbmdo. nrH$ H$mnUrZ§ V a H$amd`mMo Cnm` … 1) {nH$mMr H$mnUr Pmë`m~amo~a O{_ZrMr Imob Zm§JaQ>r H$ê$Z YgH$Q>o Jmoim H$ê$Z OmimdrV. Ë`m_wio ImoS>{H$S>rZo
O{_ZrV V`ma Ho$bobo H$mof _aVmV d ImoS>{H$S>rMo àOZZj_ àm¡T> nV§J V`ma hmoV ZmhrV. darb gd© nÕVtMm gw ` mo ½ ` g_Ýd` gmYë`mg ImoS>{H$S>r§Mr g§»`m Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ nmVirÀ`m Imbr amhÿZ `m {H$S>rÛmao hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm `oB©b. UUU
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 34
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Iarn {nH$mVrb VU {Z`§ÌU Ago H$am AmnUm gdmªZm kmV AmhoM H$s,AmnU {nH$mVrb VUo doirM H$mT>br
ZmhrV Va {nH$m§À`m CËnmXZmV 50 Vo 60 Q>ŠŠ`mn`ªV KQ> `oVo Am{U _Owardarb IM© 30-35 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr dmT>Vmo. `mgmR>r `mo½` doir {nH$mVrb VUo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo AË`§V JaOoMo AgVo. {nH$m§Mr noaUr Ho$ë`mZ§Va gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV {nH$mVrb VUo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$ë`mg nrH$ d VU `m§À`m_Ü`o IV, Amobmdm Am{U gy`©àH$me KoÊ`mMr ñnYm© Q>iVo d {nH$m§Mr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoD$Z CËnmXZ Mm§Jbo {_iyZ Ago nrH$ Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm nadS>Vo. VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$amd`mÀ`m gd©gmYmanUo VrZ nÕVr AmhoV. 1) à{V~§YH$ Cnm` 2) {ZdmaUmË_H$ Cnm` 3) EH$mpË_H$ VU {Z`§ÌU 1) à{V~§ Y H$ Cnm` … VUo CJdÊ`mnydu dmnaë`m OmUmè`m nÕVtMm g_mdoe `m JQ>mV hmoVmo. CXm. à_m{UV {~`mUo dmnaUo, VU{da{hV ~r noaUo, nrH$ noaUrnydu VUm§Mm Zm`ZmQ> H$aUo,nyU© Hw$Obobo eoUIV AWdm H§$nmoñQ> IV dmnaUo, O{_ZrMr nyd© _emJV `mo½` arVrZo H$aUo BË`m{X. 2) {ZdmaUmË_H$ Cnm` … VUm§Mm àmXþ^m©d Pmë`mZ§Va åhUOoM VUo CJdë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mr Vrd«Vm H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamd`mÀ`m gd© nÕVr `m àH$mamV _moS>VmV. CXm. Vm§{ÌH$ nÕV, nrH$ nÕVtMm dmna, O¡{dH$ VU{Z`§ÌU Am{U amgm`{ZH$ nÕV. Vm§ { ÌH$ nÕVr … `m_Ü`o nwT>rb ~m~tMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. CXm. VUo \w$bmda `oÊ`mnydu hmVmZo CnQ>Uo, H$moinUr H$aUo,IwanUr H$aUo. nrH$ nÕVtMm dmna …
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 35 `m_Ü`o Am§VanrH$ nÕV, nrH$ \o$anmbQ>, {_lnrH$ nÕVr, àm_w»`mZo H$S>YmÝ` nrH$ dfm©VyZ EH$Xm Var Ë`mM eoVmV KoVë`mZo Ë`m O{_Zrdarb VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU hmoVo. O¡ { dH$ VU {Z`§ Ì U … `m_Ü`o JmOaJdVmÀ`m {Z`§ Ì UmgmR>r Pm`Jmo J « m _m H$sQ>H$mMm dmna Ho$ë`mZo JmOa JdVmda {Z`§ÌU hmoVo. amgm`{ZH$ VU {Z`§ Ì U nÕV … `m_Ü`o nrH$ no a Ê`mny d u,nrH$ no a UrZ§ V a na§ V w nrH$ CJdUrnydu, nrH$ CJdë`mZ§Va doJdoJù`m {e\$maerV VUZmeH$m§Mm dmna Ho$ë`mZo {nH$mVrb VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU eŠ` hmoVo. 3) EH$mpË_H$ VU {Z`§ Ì U … VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$M nÕV Z dmnaVm AZoH$ nÕVtMr `mo½` gm§JS> KmbUo `mbmM EH$mpË_H$ VU {Z`§ÌU nÕV åhUVmV. A) amgm`{ZH$ nÕV Vm§ { ÌH$ nÕV noaUrZ§Va bJoM VUZmeH$mMr noaUrZ§Va 25 {Xdgm§À`m _mÌm \$dmamdr. A§VamZo 1 Vo 2 H$moinÊ`m H$amì`m VgoM OéarZwgma EH$ IwanUr H$amdr. ~) Vm§ { ÌH$ nÕV amgm`{ZH$ nÕV noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 IwanUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {XdgmV EH$ IwanUr H$amdr. {Xdgm§Zr CJdboë`m VUm§da VUZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$amdr. Iarn h§Jm_m_Ü`o àm_w»`mZo Ádmar, ~mOar, ^mV, _H$m, H$mnyg, Vya, _yJ, CS>rX, gmo`m~rZ, ^yB©_yJ, gy`©\y$b Am{U Vri BË`mXr {nHo$ KoVbr OmVmV. `m {nH$mVrb VUm§Mm ~§ X mo ~ ñV Imbrbà_mUo H$amdm. àË`o H $ {nH$mMm nrH$-VmU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr AgVmo. Ë`m H$mbmdYrV EH$mpË_H$ H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`mZo VU {Z`§ÌU hmoVo. Ádmar d ~mOar … Ádmar d ~mOargmR>r nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr noaUrZ§VaMo 15 Mo 45 {Xdg EdT>m AgVmo. {nH$mVrb VU {Z`§ Ì UmgmR>r Ádmar d ~mOar {nHo $ noaë`mZ§Va, VrZ {Xdgm§n`ªV A°Q´>m{PZ (A°Q´>mQ>m\$) 50 Q>¸o$ S>ãë`y. nr. (nmÊ`mV {daKiUmar nmdS>a) ho VUZmeH$ 2 Vo 4 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (4 Vo 8 J«m_ EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) qH$dm A°bmŠbmoa
(b°gmo) 50 Q>¸$o B©. gr. 4 Vo 5 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar, nrH$ no a UrZ§ V a, VrZ {Xdgm§n`ªV (nrH$ CJdUrnydu) 500 Vo 600 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (8.0 Vo 8.5 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). nrH$ 20 {Xdgm§Mo Pmë`mZ§Va XmoZ IwanÊ`m d XmoZ H$moinÊ`m H$amì`mV. Oa _Oya doioV CnbãY hmoV ZgVrb Va nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 21 Vo 28 {Xdgm§Zr (3 Vo 4 AmR>dS>çm§Zr) VUm§À`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r 2,4-S>r gmo{S>`_ jma 80 Q>¸o$ S>ãby. nr. 1.25 Vo 1.80 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 Vo 600 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (2.50 Vo 3.5 J«m_ EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV.) ^mV … noaUr Ho$boë`m ^mV {nH$mVrb nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr gwadmVrMo 15 Vo 45 {Xdg AgVmo, Va bmJdS> Ho$boë`m ^mV {nH$mgmR>r 30 Vo 45 {Xdg AgVmo. {nH$mVrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r noaUr nÕVrZo Ho$boë`m {nH$m_Ü`o noaUr Ho$ë`mZ§Va, na§Vw nrH$ CJdÊ`mnydu (3 Vo 6 {Xdgm§n`ªV) _°MrQ> (Vra) 50 Q>¸o$ B©.gr. 1.5 Vo 2.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (3 Vo 4 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) qH$dm _°MrQ> (Vra) 5 Q>¸o$ Or (XmUoXma) 20 {H$bmo + A°J«moS>oŠg 4 Q>¸o$ Or (XmUoXma) 10 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (40 J«m_ + 20 J«m_ EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). {nH$mVrb VU{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ^mV bmJdS> Ho$boë`m {nH$m_Ü`o bmJdS>rZ§Va 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§Zr _°MrQ> (Vra) 50 Q>¸o$ B©.gr. 3 Vo 4 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (6 Vo 8 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) qH$dm ã`wQ>mŠbmoa 5 Q>¸o$ Or (XmUoXma) 20 {H$bmo +2,4-S>r, B.B. 4 Q>¸o$ Or 10 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar 75 {H$bmo ~marH$ dmiy_Ü`o {_giyZ bmJdS> Ho$boë`m ^mV {nH$m_Ü`o 21 Vo 28 {Xdgm§Zr \o$Hy$Z Úmdo. _H$m … _H$m {nH$mVrb nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr gwadmVrMo 15 Vo 45 {Xdg AgVmo. _H$m {nH$mVrb VU
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 36 {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ CJdUrnydu A°Q´>mPrZ (AQ´>mQ>m\$) 50 S>ãë`y. nr. 2 Vo 4 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (4 Vo 8 J«m_ EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) nrH$ 20 {Xdgm§Mo Pmë`mZ§Va EH$ IwanUr qH$dm H$moinUr H$amdr. Oa _Oya doioV CnbãY hmoV ZgVrb Va _H$m nrH$ 3 Vo 4 AmR>dS>çm§Mo Pmë`mZ§Va 2,4-S>r, gmoS>r`_ jma 80 Q>¸o$ S>ãby. nr. 1.25 Vo 1.80 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (2.5 Mo 3.5 J«m_ EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). H$mny g … H$mnyg {nH$mVrb nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§dXo Zerb H$mbmdYr gwadmVrMo 15 Vo 60 {Xdg AgVmo. H$mnyg {nH$mVrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ bmdUrnydu /nrH$ noaUrnydu Q´>m°`âbwa°brZ (Q´>râb°Z) 48 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 2 Vo 3 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (4 Vo 6 {_br EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) VUZmeH$ \$dmaë`mZ§Va Ëd[aV hbŠ`m dIamZo 3 Vo 5 g|._r. Imob _mVr_Ü`o {_gimdo. qH$dm nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu (0 Vo 3 {Xdgmn`ªV) n|S>r{_{WbrZ (ñQ>m±n, n|S>rh~©, n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©.gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). noaUrZ§Va Oéarà_mUo 60 {Xdgm§Mo AmV XmoZ IwanÊ`m d XmoZ H$moinÊ`m H$amì`mV. Oa _Oya doioV CnbãY hmoV ZgVrb Va H$mnyg nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 35 {Xdgm§n`ªV VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Š`wPmbmo\$m°nB{Wb (Q>Jm©gwna) 5 Q>¸o$ B©.gr. 0.800 Vo 1.00 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (1.6 Mo 2.0 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) qH$dm nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 60 {Xdgm§n`ªV VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nm`arWm`mo~°H$ gmoS>r`_ ({hQ>drS>) 10 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 625 {_.br. 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (1.25 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) Vya … `m {nH$mVrb nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr gwadmVrMo 15 Vo 60 {Xdgm§n`ªV AgVmo. nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r n|S>r{_{WbrZ (ñQ>m±n/ n|S>rh~©/ n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©.gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) nrH$ noaUrZ§Va ghm AmR>dS>çm§Zr EH$ IwanUr d EH$ H$moinUr H$amdr. OoUoH$ê$Z EH$mpË_H$[aË`m VU {Z`§ÌU gmYbo OmB©b. Oa _Oya doioV CnbãY hmoV
ZgVrb Va nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Š`wPm°bmo\$m°nBWrb (Q>Jm©gyna) 5 Q>¸o$ B©.gr. 0.800 Vo 1.00 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (1.5 Vo 2.0 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) CS>rX d _y J … `m {nH$mVrb nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr gwadmVrMo 15 Vo 30 {Xdg EdT>m Amho. A{Z`§{ÌV VUm§À`m dmT>r_wio nrH$ CËnmXZmV 25 Vo 30 Q>¸$o KQ> `oD$ eH$Vo. nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r n|S>r{_W°brZ (ñQ>m°§n/n|S>rh~©/n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r BZ°PrW°na (n°ameyQ>) 10 Q>¸o$ Eg. Eb. 1.0 Vo 1.5 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (2 Vo 3 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). gmo ` m~rZ … `m {nH$mVrb nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr gwadmVrMo 20 Vo 45 {Xdg EdT>m AgVmo. `m H$mbmdYrV nrH$ VU_wº$ R>odUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. A{Z`§{ÌV VUm§À`m dmT>r_wio nrH$ CËnmXZmV 40 Vo 53 Q>¸o$ EdT>r KQ> `oD$ eH$Vo. gmo`m~rZ_Yrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu n|S>r{_W°brZ (ñQ>m±n / n|S>rh~©/ n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV)gm`m~rZ_Yrb dm{f©H$ JdVdJu` VUo Am{U é§X nmZm§À`m VUm§À`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr Cä`m {nH$m_Ü`o B_°PrW°na (nañ`yQ>) 10 Q>¸o$ Eg. Eb. 1.0 Vo 1.5 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr (2 Vo 3 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) Ë`mM~amo~a noaUrZ§Va ghm AmR>dS>çm§Zr EH$ H$moinUr H$amdr. ^wB©_yJ … ^wB©_wJmgmR>r nrH$ -VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr noaUrZ§VaMo 15 Vo 45 {Xdg EdT>m AgVmo.^wB©_wJmVrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va, na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu åhUOoM noaUrZ§Va VrZ {Xdgm§n`ªV n|S>r{_W°brZ (ñQ>m°åna/n|S>rh~©/ n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV).
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 37 gy`©\y$b … `m {nH$mgmR>r nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr nrH$ noaUrZV§a 15 Vo 45 {Xdg EdT>m AgVmo. A{Z`§{ÌV VUm§_wio CËnmXZmV 30 Vo 33 Q>¸o$ EdT>r KQ> `oD$ eH$Vo. gy`©\y$bmVrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaë`mZ§Va, na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu åhUOoM noaUrZ§Va VrZ {Xdgm§n`ªV n|S>r{_W°brZ (ñQm>±n/n|S>rh~©/n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) qH$dm Am°pŠPâbmoa\o$Z (Jmob) 23.5 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 0.600 Vo 1.00 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ nrH$ CJdUrnydu \$dmaUr H$amdr. (1.2 Vo 2.0 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). nrH$ noaUrZ§Va n{hbr H$moinUr 20 {Xdgm§Zr d Xþgar H$moinUr 35 Vo 40 {Xdgm§Zr H$amdr. Vri … `m {nH$mgmR>r nrH$-VU ñnY}Mm g§doXZerb H$mbmdYr noaUrZ§VaMo 15 Vo 45 {Xdg EdT>m AgVmo. {nH$mVrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va, na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu åhUOoM nrH$ noaUrZ§Va VrZ {Xdgmn`ªV n|S>r{_W°brZ (ñQ>m± n/n|S>rJmS>)©
30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) Ë`mM~amo~a 30 Vo 35 {Xdgm§Zr EH$ IwanUr d H$moinUr H$amdr. Am§ V anrH$ nÕVr_Yrb VU {Z`§ Ì U Ádmar + Vya Am{U ~mOar + Vya … `m {nH$m§Vrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw, nrH$ CJdUrnydu n|{S>{_W°brZ (ñQ>m±n/n|S>rh~©/n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). H$mny g + _y J / CS>rX … `m {nH$m§Vrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va, na§Vw nrH$ CJdUrnydu n|{S>{_W°brZ (ñQ>m±n/n|S>rh~©/n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). H$mnyg + _yJ / CS>rX … `m {nH$m§Vrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va, na§Vw
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 38 nrH$ CJdUrnydu n|S>r{_W°brZ (ñQ>±mn/ n|S>rh~©/ n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr Š`wPm°bmo\$m°nBWrb (Q>Jm©gwna) 5 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 0.800 Vo 1.00 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr (1.5 Vo 2.0 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) Ë`mZ§Va ghm AmR>dS>çm§Zr EH$ H$moinUr H$amdr. gmo`m~rZ + Vya … `m {nH$m§Vrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va, na§Vw nrH$ CJdUunydu n|S>r{_W°brZ (ñQ>m±n/ n|S>rh~©/n|S>rJmS>©) 30 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 3.5 Vo 5.0 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (7 Vo 10 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV) nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Š`wPm°bmo\$m°nBWrb (Q>Jm©gwna) 5 Q>¸o$ B©. gr. 0.800 Vo 1.00 brQ>a à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (1.6 Vo 2.0 {_.br. EH$ brQ>a nmÊ`mV). VUZmeHo $ \$dmaVmZm Imbrbà_mUo H$miOr ¿`mdr. 1) VUZmeHo$ \$dmaUrgmR>r eŠ`Vmo `mo½` ZmoPbMm
ñdV§Ì n§n Agmdm. 2) VUZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr H$aÊ`mnydu O{_ZrV nwaogm Amobmdm Agmdm. 3) VUZmeH$m§Mm {e\$maerà_mUo dmna H$amdm. 4) \$dmaUr H$aVmZm CbQ>çm {XeoZo MmbV \$dmaUr H$amdr. 5) \$dmaUr g_à_mUmV gd© joÌmda hmoB©b `mH$S>o bj Úmdo. 6) dmam em§V AgVmZm \$dmaUr H$amdr. 7) VUZmeHo$ nmÊ`mV {_giVmZm ÐmdU hb{dÊ`mgmR>r bmH$S>r H$mR>rMm dmna H$amdm. 8) VUZmeHo$ \$dmaVmZm g§nyU© eara PmHo$b Agm nmoemI dmnamdm. hmVmV a~ar _moOo, nm`mV ~yQ> Kmbmdm d S>moù`mda Jm°Jb Kmbmdm. 9) \$dmaUr H$aVmZm H$mhrhr godZ d Yw_«nmZ H$ê$ Z`o. 10) VUZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr Pmë`mZ§Va n§n XmoZ Vo VrZ doim nmÊ`mZo YwdyZ ¿`mdm. n§n YwÊ`mgmR>r àW_ n§nmÀ`m Q>mH$sV 3/4 (75 Q>¸o$) nmUr ^amdo d Ë`m_Ü`o gm~UmMr nmdS>a Q>mH$mdr. Ë`mZ§Va Q>mH$sMo PmH$U bmdyZ hdm ^amdr d Q>mH$sVrb gd© nmUr ZmoPb_YyZ ~mhoa H$mT>mdo Am{U n§n CbQ>m H$ê$Z R>odmdm. UUU
_hmamï´>mMr D$g CËnmXH$Vm amï´>r` CËnmXH$Vonojm OmñV amÁ`mV daModa CgmÀ`m bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ dmT>V Amho. 2009-10 _Ü`o ^maVmVrb D$g {nH$mImbrb EHy$U jo Ì mÀ`m (40.75 bmI ho . ) 18.06 Q>¸o $ (7.36 bmI ho.) joÌ _hmamï´> amÁ`mV hmoV.o Ë`mVyZ XoemVrb EHy$U D$g CËnmXZmÀ`m (2513 bmI Q>Z) 21.51 Q>¸o$ CËnmXZ (540.46 bmI Q>Z) _hmamï´>mV Pmbo hmoVo. amÁ`m§Mr Xa hoŠQ>ar CËnmXH$Vm (73.4 Q>Z àVr ho.) hr amï´>r` CËnmXH$Vonojm (61.7 Q>Z àVr ho.) OmñV hmoVr. `m nmíd©^y_rda 2010-11 _Ü`o amÁ`mV 10.22 bmI hoŠQ>a joÌmImbr D$g bmJdS> Pmbr hmoVr, Am{U Ë`mVyZ 909 bmI Q>Z CËnmXZ {_imbo hmoVo. amÁ`mMm gamgar gmIa CVmam 11.5 Q>¸o$ hmoVm. _hmamï´>mV D$g bmJdS>rMo VrZ h§Jm_ AmhoV gwê$ -15 {S>g|~a Vo 15
\o$~«wdmar, nyd©h§Jm_r- 15 Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo 15 Zmoìh|~a Am{U AmS>gmbr- 15 Owb¡ Vo 15 Am°JñQ>. _hmamï´> emgZmZo _hmË_m \w$bo H¥$fr {dÚmnrR>, amhþar A§VJ©V nmS>oJmd D$g g§emoYZ H|$Ð Am{U dg§VXmXm gmIa g§ ñ Wm, nw U o `m§ À `m _mÜ`_mVy Z AmVmn`ª V A{YH$ D$g CËnmXZ Am{U Mm§Jbm gmIa CVmam AgUmè`m AZoH$ OmVr àgm[aV Ho$ë`m AmhoV. VWm{n gÜ`m H$mo86032 ({Zam), H$mo-94012 (\w$bo gm{dÌr), H$mo.E_0265 (\w$bo gm{dÌr), H$mo. E_-0265 (\w$bo 265), H$mo92005 Am{U H mo.gr. 671 `m OmVtMr _moR>çm à_mUmV bmJdS> Ho$br OmVo.Ë`m_wio CgmÀ`m EH$ar CËnmXH$VoV dmT> hmoV AgyZ Ë`mMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ gmIaoMo CËnmXZhr dmT>V Amho. (nw Ê `ZJar, 10.5.12)
~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 39
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~iramOm / Owb¡ 2012/ 40 5) O{_Zr_Ü`o Agboë`m AÞÐì`m§Mr CnbãYVm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r O¡{dH$ IVm§Mm dmna H$amdm `m_Ü`o pñWa ñ\w$aX CnbãY hmoÊ`mgmR>r nrEg~r O¡{dH$ IVm§Mm dmna H$amdm Va ZÌ pñWarH$aUmgmR>r EH$Xb {nH$m§ g mR>r A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a Am{U {ÛXb {nH$m§gmR>r am`Pmo{~`_ `m O¡{dH$ IVm§Mm dmna H$amdm. 6) \$i~mJm§_Ü`o AmÀN>mXZmMm dmna H$amdm åhUOo O{_Zr_Ü`o Amobmdm {Q>H$dyZ d VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU hmoD Z O{_ZrMo Vmn_mZ {Z`§{ÌV hmoVo. 7) {nH$m§À`m \o$anmbQ>r_Ü`o {ÛXb {nH$m§Mm g_mdoe H$amdm CXm. Iarn d aã~r h§Jm_mgmR>r gmo`m~rZ - Jhÿ, gmo`m~rZ-H$m§Xm, ~mOar-ha^am, Y¢Mm- D$g B. 8) EH$mpË_H$ H$sS> {Z`§ÌU H$amdo, `m_Ü`o H$sS> {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r O¡{dH$ nÕVrMm dmna H$amdm VgoM àW_V… qZ~mo i r AH$m© M m \$dmam 3 Vo 5 Q>¸o $ n`ª V _mamdm. O{_Zr_Ü`o gwÕm qZ~moir n|S> AWdm H$a§O n|S> BË`mXtMm dmna Ho$ë`mg dmidr, gyÌH¥$_r `mMm àmXþ^m©d H$_r H$aVm `oB©b. darbà_mUo gd© Jmoï>tMm EH${ÌV Adb§~ Ho$ë`mg g|{Ð` eoVrMr g§H$ënZm gmÜ` hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoB©b. g|{Ð` eoVr_wio H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr_Ü`o nS>boë`m nmdgmMo nmUr d _mVrMo g§dY©Z hmoD$Z {nH$m§gmR>r O{_ZrV Amobmdm Yê$Z R>odbm OmB©b. VgoM amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mr H$m`©j_Vm dmT>br OmB©b. Á`m O{_Zr jma`w º $, Mmo n U Pmë`m AgVrb Ë`m O{_Zr gwYmaë`m OmD$Z A{V[aº$ nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoB©b. _wa_mS>/hbŠ`m O{_ZtMr gw{nH$Vm {Q>H$dyZ {nH$m§Mo emídV CËnmXZ {_io b , CnbãY Z¡ g {J© H $ g§ n ÎmrMm (CXm. eoUIV/ qZ~moir) Cn`moJ H$ê$Z {Z{dð>m§darb IM© H$_r H$aVm `oB©b Am{U n`m©`mZo {Z`m©Vj_ _mbmMr àV {_iÊ`mg _XV hmoB©b. eoVH$è`m§H$S>o eoUmnmgyZ eoUIV V`ma Ho$bo OmVo na§Vw eoUIV V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÕV AÚmnhr MwH$sMr AmT>iVo, n`m©`mZo Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV eoVmV Q>mH$Ê`mgmR>r CnbãY hmoV Zmhr. AY©dQ> Hw$Obobo eoUIV CÝhmù`m_Ü`o O{_ZrV Q>mH$ë`m_wio dmidrMo ImÚ hmoVo. Ë`mVM {Xdg|{Xdg Xadfu dmT>Umè`m Vmn_mZm_wio O{_ZrVrb g|o{Ð` H$~© H$_r hmoV Mmbbo Amho. Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV ho Vn{H$ar a§JmMo d dOZmZo hbHo$ AgVo. gmYmaUnUo 1 _o. Q>Z eoUIVm_Ü`o Imbrbà_mUo AÞÐì`o AgVmV.
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