Essentials of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging
Essentials of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging ( A book for both undergraduate and postgraduate level )
Author and Editor :
Dr. Md. Moin Ansari B.V.Sc &A.H., M.V.Sc., Ph.D., NET (ICAR), DMLT, Cert.AW, LMIVA, Asstt. Professor -cum- Scientist (Senior Scale) Division of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Shuhama, Alustaing, Srinagar-190006, J&K
NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY New Delhi – 110 034
NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY 101, Vikas Surya Plaza, CU Block, LSC Market Pitam Pura, New Delhi 110 034, India Phone: + 91 (11)27 34 17 17 Fax: + 91(11) 27 34 16 16 Email: info@nipabooks.com Web: www.nipabooks.com Feedback at feedbacks@nipabooks.com Š Author, 2014 ISBN : 978-93-83305-14-8 All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher or the copyright holder. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author/s, editor/s and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The author/s, editor/s and publisher have attempted to trace and acknowledge the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission and acknowledgements to publish in this form have not been taken. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify it, in subsequent reprints. Trademark notice: Presentations, logos (the way they are written/presented) in this book are under the trademarks of the publisher and hence, if copied/resembled the copier will be prosecuted under the law. Composed, Designed and Printed at Jai Bharat Printing Press, Delhi
Contents
Dedication .........................................................................................
v
Preface ............................................................................................... vii 1.
Introduction to Radiology and Historical Perspective ..........
1
2.
Applications of Radiography .................................................
9
3.
Principles of Radiographic Positioning .................................
11
4.
General Concepts of Radiation (Basic Physics) ..................... 17
5.
Basic Interactions of X-rays with Matter ............................... 21
6.
X-ray Tube ..............................................................................
7.
X-ray Tube Rating Chart ........................................................ 35
8.
The Physics of X-ray Production ...........................................
9.
Diagnostic X-ray Equipments and Accessories ..................... 43
10.
X-ray Machine Accessories .................................................... 49
11.
Set up of an X-ray (Radiology) Section .................................
12.
Handling, Viewing and Interpretation of X-ray ................... 61
13.
Radiographic Exposure Factors/Variables ........................... 63
14.
Radiographic Detail, Density and Contrast .......................... 69
15.
Radiographic Technique Chart .............................................
16.
X-ray Film and Accessories .................................................... 77
17.
Film Processing ....................................................................... 85
18.
Radiographic Technical Error and Artifacts ........................ ix
25
39
57
73
97
Contents/x 19.
Significant Radiographic Findings of Important Pathological Conditions ........................................................ 101
20.
Contrast Agents and Special Radiography ......................... 111
21.
Radiography of Exotic Animals and Birds .......................... 127
22.
Advance Diagnostic Imaging Tools and Techniques .......... 129
23.
Principles of Radiation Therapy ........................................... 159
24.
Radiation Hazards and Safety .............................................. 165
25.
Glossary .................................................................................. 175
26.
Exercise: Review Questions .................................................... 213
27.
Check Your Answers ............................................................... 229
28.
References/Selected Readings ................................................... 241
29.
Appendix ................................................................................. 243
Fi r s tf e wp a g e so ft h i sb o o ka r ep u b l i s h e d o nk i s a n . c o mb yi t sp u b l i s h e r . I fy o uwi s ht op u r c h a s eah a r d c o p y o ft h i sb o o k , p l e a s ec o n t a c tt h ep u b l i s h e r .
Publ i sher