{hadirMr IVo
g§nmXH a{d§Ð H mQmobo
JmoS dm àH meZ,
JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ, nwUo-9.
"{hadirMr IVo' àH m{eH m : gm¡.hfm© aqdÐ H mQmobo, JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ, âb°Q Z§ 5, {Vgam _Obm, bú_rZmam`U AnmQ©_Q| , ñdmaJoQ ,nd©Vr, nwUo 9. \ moZ Z§:020-24428554/55 ,9422083095
AZwH« _{UH m 1.
{hadirÀ`m IVm§Mo ‘hËd
4
2.
O{_ZrMr CËnmXH Vm {QH {dÊ`mgmRr {hadirÀ`m IVo
11
3.
_w»` {nH mnydu {hadirMr {nHo KoUo ’ m`Xoera
19
Website : www.godwa.com
4.
{hadi IVmMo {_l {nH -"VmJ '
33
Aja OwiUr : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ _wÐH : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ ,nwUo-9
5.
{hadirMo IV{nH "Y|Mm'
37
6.
^mVmÀ`m emídV CËnmXZmgmRr Y¢MmMr cmJdS
E-mail : godwa1@rediffmail.com, godwa@ymail.com
© aqdÐ H mQmobo , àH meH Amd¥Îmr 1 br : 2 _o 2012 àH meZ H« _m§H -132 (GKP-002005002012)
_yë` : ê . 70 ISBN
© {hadirMr IVo-`m nwñVH mVrb _OHy a Ë`mMm H mhr ^mJ,g§nyU© dm A§eV: ^mJ, boI o H d àH meH mÀ`m nadmZJr{edm` H moUË`mhr ^mfoV d _mÜ`_mV nwZ_© Ðw rV qH dm à{gÜX H aVm `oUma Zmhr, Vgo AmTië`mg g§~{§ YVm§da H m`Xoera H madmB© H aÊ`mV `oBb © .
Am{U {~OmoËnmXZ V§Ì
40
7.
p½b[a{gSr`m … CÎm‘ {hadirMo IV
46
8.
VU {Z`§ÌUmgmRr {JarnwînmÀ`m nmë`mMm dmna
50
9.
A°Pmobm-CÎm_ {hadirMo IV d newImÚ
53
10. {hadirÀ`m IVmgmRr H SYmÝ` _wJ,CSrX,B. bmJdS
58
11. D gmMm nmbm/nmMQ-CÎm_ {hadirMo g|{Ð` IV
61
12. D g nmMQmnmgyZ g|{Ð` IV V`ma H aU
67
13. {hadirMo IV åhUyZ ~agr‘ (KmoSo Kmg) Mr bmJdS 14. Mmè`mgmRr bgyU KmgmMr bmJdS 15. [hadirMo IV d Mmè`mgmRr : eodar
69 71 74
gXa nwñVH H m°nramB©Q Zo g§a{jV Amho.
{hadirMr IVo / 2
{hadirMr IVo / 3
"{hadirMr IVo' àH m{eH m : gm¡.hfm© aqdÐ H mQmobo, JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ, âb°Q Z§ 5, {Vgam _Obm, bú_rZmam`U AnmQ©_Q| , ñdmaJoQ ,nd©Vr, nwUo 9. \ moZ Z§:020-24428554/55 ,9422083095
AZwH« _{UH m 1.
{hadirÀ`m IVm§Mo ‘hËd
4
2.
O{_ZrMr CËnmXH Vm {QH {dÊ`mgmRr {hadirÀ`m IVo
11
3.
_w»` {nH mnydu {hadirMr {nHo KoUo ’ m`Xoera
19
Website : www.godwa.com
4.
{hadi IVmMo {_l {nH -"VmJ '
33
Aja OwiUr : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ _wÐH : JmoS dm H¥ fr àH meZ ,nwUo-9
5.
{hadirMo IV{nH "Y|Mm'
37
6.
^mVmÀ`m emídV CËnmXZmgmRr Y¢MmMr cmJdS
E-mail : godwa1@rediffmail.com, godwa@ymail.com
© aqdÐ H mQmobo , àH meH Amd¥Îmr 1 br : 2 _o 2012 àH meZ H« _m§H -132 (GKP-002005002012)
_yë` : ê . 70 ISBN
© {hadirMr IVo-`m nwñVH mVrb _OHy a Ë`mMm H mhr ^mJ,g§nyU© dm A§eV: ^mJ, boI o H d àH meH mÀ`m nadmZJr{edm` H moUË`mhr ^mfoV d _mÜ`_mV nwZ_© Ðw rV qH dm à{gÜX H aVm `oUma Zmhr, Vgo AmTië`mg g§~{§ YVm§da H m`Xoera H madmB© H aÊ`mV `oBb © .
Am{U {~OmoËnmXZ V§Ì
40
7.
p½b[a{gSr`m … CÎm‘ {hadirMo IV
46
8.
VU {Z`§ÌUmgmRr {JarnwînmÀ`m nmë`mMm dmna
50
9.
A°Pmobm-CÎm_ {hadirMo IV d newImÚ
53
10. {hadirÀ`m IVmgmRr H SYmÝ` _wJ,CSrX,B. bmJdS
58
11. D gmMm nmbm/nmMQ-CÎm_ {hadirMo g|{Ð` IV
61
12. D g nmMQmnmgyZ g|{Ð` IV V`ma H aU
67
13. {hadirMo IV åhUyZ ~agr‘ (KmoSo Kmg) Mr bmJdS 14. Mmè`mgmRr bgyU KmgmMr bmJdS 15. [hadirMo IV d Mmè`mgmRr : eodar
69 71 74
gXa nwñVH H m°nramB©Q Zo g§a{jV Amho.
{hadirMr IVo / 2
{hadirMr IVo / 3
1.
{hadirÀ`m IVm§Mo ‘hËd
eoVH è`m§Mm gdm©V OmñV IM© hm amgm`{ZH IVmda hmoV Amho. A{bH SÀ`m 1-2 dfm©V amgm`{ZH IVm§À`m ^mdmV Pmbobr dmT nmhVm hr amgm`{ZH IVo eoVH è`m§Mo H§ ~aSo _moS Uma Ago {XgVo,{SEnr-1000ê nmoVo, `w[a`m500 ê nmoVo,H go eoVH è`m§Zr eoVr H ê Z Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ ¿`mdo.`mgmRrM Oa eoVH è`m§Mm CËnmXZ IM© H ‘r H amd`mMm Agob Va amgm`{ZH IVmMm CÎm‘ n`m©` åhUyZ {hadirÀ`m IVmMm dmna eoVH è`m§Zr H am`bm hdm. {haì`m dZñnVr qH dm {nH m§À`m ‘w»`V: e|J dJu` {nH m§Mm Cn`moJ O{‘Zr‘Ü`o JmSy Z Ë`mnmgyZ Oo IV {‘iVo Ë`mbm {hadirMo IV Ago åhUVmV. eoVrì`dgm`m‘Ü`o eoVH è`m§Mo {hadirÀ`m IVmH So Xwb©j Ho bo Amho. H maU {hadirMo {nH KoVbr Va nyU©nUo EH h§Jm‘ åhUOo EH nrH gmoSy Z Úmdo bmJVo. n§aVw gImob Aä`mg Ho bm Va EH m h§Jm‘m‘Ü`o nrH KoD Z OodTm ’ m`Xm hmoVmo Ë`mnojm {ZpíMVM OmñV ’ m`Xm {hadirMo IV V`ma H ê Z {‘iVmo. AWm©V hm ’ m`Xm {ZH¥ ð Pmboë`m O{‘Zr‘Ü`o OmñV AgVmo. amgm`{ZH IVm§Zm nwaH åhUyZ g|{Ð`, {hadirMo qH dm O¡{dH IVmMm dmna Ho ë`mg {e’ mag Ho boë`m ‘mÌoV ~MV hmoD Z Am{W©H ~MVgwÕm gmYVm `oVo. {hadirÀ`m IVmMr JaO : Mm§Jë`m àH maÀ`m nmofH O{‘Zr‘Ü`o 25 QŠHo hdm, 25 QŠHo nmUr, 45 QŠHo I{ZO nXmW©! O{‘ZrMm nmoV {~KSUo åhUOo darb à‘mUmV ~Xb hmoUo, Ë`mVë`m Ë`mV g|{Ð` nXmWmªdarb g§VwbZ amIÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. eoUIV, H§ nmoñQIV qH dm g|{Ð` IVeoVH è`m§H So OmñV à‘mUmV ZgVmV. {dH V KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho bm Va ‘hmJ {‘iVmV qH dm doioda {‘iV Zmhr. g|{Ð` IVmMm dmna Amdí`H Amho ho eoVH è`m§Zm g‘Obo V[ahr Vo amgm`{ZH IVmH So diVmV. Aemdoir eoVH è`m§À`m ÑïrZo {hadirMo IV åhUOo ~hþJwUr n`m©` Rê eH Vmo. {hadirÀ`m {nH m§Mm nmbm AWdm nmZm§gh H modù`m ’ m§Úm eoVmV JmSy Z {hadirMo IV V`ma Ho bo OmVo. `m IVmgmRr KoÊ`mV `oUmè`m {nH m§‘Ü`o {hadirMr IVo / 4
àm‘w»`mZo VmJ, Y¢Mm, Jdma, ‘wJ,Mdir, ‘QH s, CSrX, ‘gwa, dmQmUm, eodar, {Jarnwîn, bgyUKmg, gw~m^wi `m {nH m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. hr {nHo {ÛXbdJu` Agë`m‘wio hdoVrb ZÌ emofyZ KoD Z O{‘ZrV gmRdVmV. {hadirÀ`m IVm§Mo àH ma : 1) {hadirÀ`m IVmMo {nHo eoVmV dmTdyZ 50% ’w bmoè`mV Amë`mda Vo O{‘ZrV JmSUo. CXm. VmJ, ~moê , Y¢Mm, Mdir BË`mXr. 2) {hadirÀ`m IVmMo nrH eoVm~mhoa ~m§Ymda qH dm nSrH O{‘Zrda dmTdyZ Ë`m§À`m H modù`m ’ m§Úm d nmZo eoVmV AmUyZ O{‘ZrV {‘giUo/ JmSUo, CXm: {Jarnwîn, gw~m^wi, eodar BË`mXr. {hadirMo IV H go V`ma H amdo. {Za{Zamù`m h§Jm‘mVrb {nH m§À`m noaUrnydu XmoZ ‘{hZo AJmoXa O{‘Z Zm§Jê Z Pmë`mda {hadirÀ`m {nH m§Mo {~`mUo eoVmV ’o H mdo qH dm noamdo. 50 Vo 60 {Xdgm§Zr {nH ’w bmoè`mV Amë`m-Amë`m Zm§JamÀ`m ghmæ`mZo IV g§nyU© JmSbo OmB©b `mMr H miOr ¿`mdr. nrH O{‘ZrV JmSy Z Pmë`mda dê Z ’ ir {’ admdr. Ë`m‘wio JmSbobo g|{Ð` nXmW© nyU©nUo PmH bo OmD Z {hadm nmbm Hw OÊ`mMr {H« `m ObX hmoV.o {hadirMo nrH Hw OÊ`mg O{‘Zr‘Ü`o nwaogm Amobmdm Agmdm bmJVmo. åhUyZ Oa nmD g nSbm Zmhr qH dm O{‘ZrV Amobmdm H ‘r Agob Va eoVmbm EH ‘moH mQ nmUr Úmdo. Ë`m‘wio {hadirMo nrH bdH a Hw OÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. `mo½` hmVmiUr Ho ë`mg {hadirMo nrH O{‘ZrV JmSë`mZ§Va gmYmaUnUo EH Vo XrS ‘{hÝ`mV Hw Obr OmD Z Ë`mVrb AÞÐì`o {nH m§Zm CnbãY hmoVmV. {hadirÀ`m {nH m§Mm h§Jm‘, H mbmdYr, CËnmXZ d Ë`mVrb AÞÐì`mMo à‘mU `m {df`r g{dñVa ‘m{hVr nwT rb VŠVm H« §. 1 ‘Ü`o {Xbr Amho. VmJ ho gdmªZm ‘m{hV Agbobo CÎm‘ {hadirMo nrH Amho. h‘Img nmÊ`mMr gw{dYm Agboë`m àXoemV ho nrH ¿`mdo. AmåbY‘u` d nmUr gmMyZ amhUmè`m eoVmV VmJmMr Mm§Jbr dmT hmoV Zmhr. VmJmnojm H mQH Ago Y¢Mm ho {hadirMo IV AgyZ H ‘r nO©Ý`‘mZ, nmZWi {RH mU, jma‘` {hadirMr IVo / 5
1.
{hadirÀ`m IVm§Mo ‘hËd
eoVH è`m§Mm gdm©V OmñV IM© hm amgm`{ZH IVmda hmoV Amho. A{bH SÀ`m 1-2 dfm©V amgm`{ZH IVm§À`m ^mdmV Pmbobr dmT nmhVm hr amgm`{ZH IVo eoVH è`m§Mo H§ ~aSo _moS Uma Ago {XgVo,{SEnr-1000ê nmoVo, `w[a`m500 ê nmoVo,H go eoVH è`m§Zr eoVr H ê Z Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ ¿`mdo.`mgmRrM Oa eoVH è`m§Mm CËnmXZ IM© H ‘r H amd`mMm Agob Va amgm`{ZH IVmMm CÎm‘ n`m©` åhUyZ {hadirÀ`m IVmMm dmna eoVH è`m§Zr H am`bm hdm. {haì`m dZñnVr qH dm {nH m§À`m ‘w»`V: e|J dJu` {nH m§Mm Cn`moJ O{‘Zr‘Ü`o JmSy Z Ë`mnmgyZ Oo IV {‘iVo Ë`mbm {hadirMo IV Ago åhUVmV. eoVrì`dgm`m‘Ü`o eoVH è`m§Mo {hadirÀ`m IVmH So Xwb©j Ho bo Amho. H maU {hadirMo {nH KoVbr Va nyU©nUo EH h§Jm‘ åhUOo EH nrH gmoSy Z Úmdo bmJVo. n§aVw gImob Aä`mg Ho bm Va EH m h§Jm‘m‘Ü`o nrH KoD Z OodTm ’ m`Xm hmoVmo Ë`mnojm {ZpíMVM OmñV ’ m`Xm {hadirMo IV V`ma H ê Z {‘iVmo. AWm©V hm ’ m`Xm {ZH¥ ð Pmboë`m O{‘Zr‘Ü`o OmñV AgVmo. amgm`{ZH IVm§Zm nwaH åhUyZ g|{Ð`, {hadirMo qH dm O¡{dH IVmMm dmna Ho ë`mg {e’ mag Ho boë`m ‘mÌoV ~MV hmoD Z Am{W©H ~MVgwÕm gmYVm `oVo. {hadirÀ`m IVmMr JaO : Mm§Jë`m àH maÀ`m nmofH O{‘Zr‘Ü`o 25 QŠHo hdm, 25 QŠHo nmUr, 45 QŠHo I{ZO nXmW©! O{‘ZrMm nmoV {~KSUo åhUOo darb à‘mUmV ~Xb hmoUo, Ë`mVë`m Ë`mV g|{Ð` nXmWmªdarb g§VwbZ amIÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. eoUIV, H§ nmoñQIV qH dm g|{Ð` IVeoVH è`m§H So OmñV à‘mUmV ZgVmV. {dH V KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho bm Va ‘hmJ {‘iVmV qH dm doioda {‘iV Zmhr. g|{Ð` IVmMm dmna Amdí`H Amho ho eoVH è`m§Zm g‘Obo V[ahr Vo amgm`{ZH IVmH So diVmV. Aemdoir eoVH è`m§À`m ÑïrZo {hadirMo IV åhUOo ~hþJwUr n`m©` Rê eH Vmo. {hadirÀ`m {nH m§Mm nmbm AWdm nmZm§gh H modù`m ’ m§Úm eoVmV JmSy Z {hadirMo IV V`ma Ho bo OmVo. `m IVmgmRr KoÊ`mV `oUmè`m {nH m§‘Ü`o {hadirMr IVo / 4
àm‘w»`mZo VmJ, Y¢Mm, Jdma, ‘wJ,Mdir, ‘QH s, CSrX, ‘gwa, dmQmUm, eodar, {Jarnwîn, bgyUKmg, gw~m^wi `m {nH m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. hr {nHo {ÛXbdJu` Agë`m‘wio hdoVrb ZÌ emofyZ KoD Z O{‘ZrV gmRdVmV. {hadirÀ`m IVm§Mo àH ma : 1) {hadirÀ`m IVmMo {nHo eoVmV dmTdyZ 50% ’w bmoè`mV Amë`mda Vo O{‘ZrV JmSUo. CXm. VmJ, ~moê , Y¢Mm, Mdir BË`mXr. 2) {hadirÀ`m IVmMo nrH eoVm~mhoa ~m§Ymda qH dm nSrH O{‘Zrda dmTdyZ Ë`m§À`m H modù`m ’ m§Úm d nmZo eoVmV AmUyZ O{‘ZrV {‘giUo/ JmSUo, CXm: {Jarnwîn, gw~m^wi, eodar BË`mXr. {hadirMo IV H go V`ma H amdo. {Za{Zamù`m h§Jm‘mVrb {nH m§À`m noaUrnydu XmoZ ‘{hZo AJmoXa O{‘Z Zm§Jê Z Pmë`mda {hadirÀ`m {nH m§Mo {~`mUo eoVmV ’o H mdo qH dm noamdo. 50 Vo 60 {Xdgm§Zr {nH ’w bmoè`mV Amë`m-Amë`m Zm§JamÀ`m ghmæ`mZo IV g§nyU© JmSbo OmB©b `mMr H miOr ¿`mdr. nrH O{‘ZrV JmSy Z Pmë`mda dê Z ’ ir {’ admdr. Ë`m‘wio JmSbobo g|{Ð` nXmW© nyU©nUo PmH bo OmD Z {hadm nmbm Hw OÊ`mMr {H« `m ObX hmoV.o {hadirMo nrH Hw OÊ`mg O{‘Zr‘Ü`o nwaogm Amobmdm Agmdm bmJVmo. åhUyZ Oa nmD g nSbm Zmhr qH dm O{‘ZrV Amobmdm H ‘r Agob Va eoVmbm EH ‘moH mQ nmUr Úmdo. Ë`m‘wio {hadirMo nrH bdH a Hw OÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. `mo½` hmVmiUr Ho ë`mg {hadirMo nrH O{‘ZrV JmSë`mZ§Va gmYmaUnUo EH Vo XrS ‘{hÝ`mV Hw Obr OmD Z Ë`mVrb AÞÐì`o {nH m§Zm CnbãY hmoVmV. {hadirÀ`m {nH m§Mm h§Jm‘, H mbmdYr, CËnmXZ d Ë`mVrb AÞÐì`mMo à‘mU `m {df`r g{dñVa ‘m{hVr nwT rb VŠVm H« §. 1 ‘Ü`o {Xbr Amho. VmJ ho gdmªZm ‘m{hV Agbobo CÎm‘ {hadirMo nrH Amho. h‘Img nmÊ`mMr gw{dYm Agboë`m àXoemV ho nrH ¿`mdo. AmåbY‘u` d nmUr gmMyZ amhUmè`m eoVmV VmJmMr Mm§Jbr dmT hmoV Zmhr. VmJmnojm H mQH Ago Y¢Mm ho {hadirMo IV AgyZ H ‘r nO©Ý`‘mZ, nmZWi {RH mU, jma‘` {hadirMr IVo / 5
AWdm AmåbY‘u` O‘rZrV gwÕm ho nrH VJ Yê eH Vo. gog~m{Z`m amoñQ´ mQm `m dZñnVrÀ`m ‘wimda VgoM ImoS mdahr JmRr AmTiyZ `oVmV. `m JmRr‘Ü`o am`Pmo~r`‘ {OdmUy gh{Odr nÕVrZo ZÌ pñWarH aUmÀ`m à{H« `oZo hdoVrb ZÌmMo pñWarH aU H aVmV. hoŠQar 25 Vo 30 {H bmo {~`mUo bmJVo. `m {hadirÀ`m IVm‘Ü`o 3.5 QŠHo ZÌ, 0.8 QŠHo ñ’w aX d 1.2 QŠHo nmbmemMo à‘mU AgVo. CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV Mdir, ‘wJ, dmQmUm, ‘QH s, Hw brW,Jdma, CSrX `mgmaIr H SYmÝ`mMr {nHo KoD Z gwê dmVrÀ`m XmoZ VmoS UrÀ`m e|Jm H mTë`mda nwT o dmTdbobm PmSmoam O{‘ZrV JmSy Z aã~r {nH m§gmRr {hadirMo IV åhUyZ Ë`mMm dmna H aVm `oVmo. {Jarnwîn (p½bar{gSr`m) : {Jarnwîn ho PwSw ndJu` PmS Amho. `m PmSmÀ`m {haì`m nmë`mnmgyZ VgoM H modù`m ’ m§ÚmnmgyZ CËH¥ ï àH maMo {hadirMo IV {‘iVo. `m nrH mÀ`m nmZm‘Ü`o 2.75% ZÌ, 0.5% ñ’w aX Am{U 2.8% nmbme AgVo. `m PmSmMr daModa NmQUr H aVm `oVo. H moUË`mhr àH maÀ`m O{‘Zr‘Ü`o VgoM {d{dY nO©Ý`‘mZ Agboë`m àXoemV ho PmS Mm§Jë`màH mao dmTVo. eoVmÀ`m ~m§Ymda, H ‘r gwnrH VoÀ`m O{‘Zr‘Ü`o VgoM nSrH O{‘Zr‘Ü`ohr `m PmSmMr dmT Mm§Jë`màH mao hmoD eH Vo. `m PmSmMo nwZê ËnmXZ {~`m§nmgyZ VgoM ‘Ü`‘ OwÝ`m ’ m§ÚmÀ`m NmQ H b‘mÛmao AJXr ghO[aË`m H aVm `oVo. NmQ H b‘o nmdgmir h§Jm‘ gwê Pmë`mZ§Va nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmè`m O{‘ZrV bmJdS Ho ë`mg Vm~SVmo~ ’w QVmV. {~`m§Ûmao bmJdS H am`Mr Agë`mg àW‘ Zg©ar‘Ü`o amono V`ma H amdrV. amono 25 Vo 30 go§.‘r.C§MrMr Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mMr bmJdS H amdr. amono 4-5 AmRdSçmV bmJdSrgmRr V`ma hmoVmV. Y¢Mm (gog~mZr`m) : Y¢Mm ho nrH e|JdJu` {hadirMo nrH åhUyZ VmJ `m {nH mÀ`m ImbmoImb `m {nH m§Mm OmñVrV OmñV dmna Ho bm OmVmo. `mÀ`m AZoH àOmVr AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H s {hadirÀ`m IVmgmRr àm‘w»`mZo dmnaÊ`mV `oUmè`m H mhr ‘hÎdmÀ`m àOmVr‘Yrb AÞKQH m§Mo à‘mU VmJ d {Jarnwîn `m§Mm VwbZmË‘H VŠVm H« . 2 ‘Ü`o {Xbm Amho. A) gog~mZr`m amoñQ´ mQm : hr Y¢MmMr d¡{eîQçnyU© àOmV Amho. H maU `m
nrH mÀ`m ‘wimda Am{U ImoS mdahr am`Pmo~r`‘À`m JmRr AmTiyZ `oVmV. ZÌ pñWarH aUmMo H m`© à{VHw b n[añWrVrV OmñV à‘mUmV Ho bo OmVo. Ë`m‘wio `m OmVr‘Ü`o ZÌmMo à‘mU gdm©V OmñV Amho. nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmè`m O{‘ZrV ‘wimdarb JmRrMo à‘mU OmñV AgVo. `m àOmVrMr dmT ’ maM PnmQçmZo hmoVo Am{U 45 Vo 50 {XdgmV gw{nH O{‘ZrV 22 Vo 25 QZ {hadirMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo. ~) gog~Zr`m A°Š`wboQ m : hr àOmV AmåbY‘u` d jma`wŠV Aem AZoH àH maÀ`m O{‘ZrV Am{U {d{dY hdm‘mZmV Mm§Jë`màH mao dmTy eH Vo `m {nH m§À`m ‘wimda ^anya JmRr AgVmV. øm àOmVrnmgyZ 45 Vo 50 {XdgmV 10 Vo 15 QZ {hadirMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo. H ) gog~mZr`m ñn°grAmogm : hr EH gm‘mÝ`àOmVr AgyZ gwadmVrg `mMr dmT hiy hmoVo. na§Vw Z§Va dmT ObX JVrZo hmoD Z 60 Vo 70 {Xdgm§Zr ho nrH O‘rZrV JmSÊ`m`mo½` hmoVo. hr àOmVr Adf©Umg àVrH maj‘ AgyZ bmJdS ~m§Ymda gwÕm H aVm `oVo. Y¢MmMr bmJdS nÕV : Y¢MmMr noaUr OyZ‘Ü`o n{hë`m nmdgmZ§Va Vm~SVmo~ H amdr. noaUr O{‘ZrMr ‘emJV H ê Z nm^arZo Amoir‘Ü`o Ho ë`mg {nH m§Mr dmT Mm§Jbr hmoVo. O‘rZrMr ‘emJV Z H aVm n{hbm nmD g nSë`mZ§Va Amoë`m O{‘ZrV nm^arZo AWdm Zm§JamnmRr‘mJo noaUr H ê Z gwÕm bmJdS H aVm `oVo `m nÕVrZo noaUr H aÊ`mg hoŠQar 40 Vo 50 {H bmo {~`mUo bmJVo. noaUrÀ`m doir 50 {H bmo ñ’w aX {Xë`mg Y¢MmMr dmT Omo‘mZo hmoVo. H SYmÝ` nrHo - CËH¥ ï {hadirMo IV : Mdir, CSrX, ‘wJ BË`mXr H SYmÝ` {nHo {hadirMo IV åhUyZ AË`§V Cn`wŠV Amho. H maU hr {nHo A{Ve` doJmZo dmTVmV Am{U 40 Vo 45 {XdgmV ’w bmoè`mV `oVmV. Ë`m‘wio XrS ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m H mbmdYr‘Ü`o {hadirMo IV åhUyZ O‘rZr‘Ü`o JmSVm `oVmV. BVa nma§nm[aH {hadirÀ`m {nH m§À`m VwbZoV `m nrH m§Mo hoŠQar nmë`mMo CËnÞ H ‘r amhVo. ‘wJ : ‘wJ ho ‘w»`V: YmÝ`mMo nrH AgyZ 60 Vo 70 {XdgmV V`ma hmoVo. ho nrH Iarn Am{U CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV `oVo. EH ar 3200 {H bmo g|{Ð`
{hadirMr IVo / 6
{hadirMr IVo / 7
AWdm AmåbY‘u` O‘rZrV gwÕm ho nrH VJ Yê eH Vo. gog~m{Z`m amoñQ´ mQm `m dZñnVrÀ`m ‘wimda VgoM ImoS mdahr JmRr AmTiyZ `oVmV. `m JmRr‘Ü`o am`Pmo~r`‘ {OdmUy gh{Odr nÕVrZo ZÌ pñWarH aUmÀ`m à{H« `oZo hdoVrb ZÌmMo pñWarH aU H aVmV. hoŠQar 25 Vo 30 {H bmo {~`mUo bmJVo. `m {hadirÀ`m IVm‘Ü`o 3.5 QŠHo ZÌ, 0.8 QŠHo ñ’w aX d 1.2 QŠHo nmbmemMo à‘mU AgVo. CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV Mdir, ‘wJ, dmQmUm, ‘QH s, Hw brW,Jdma, CSrX `mgmaIr H SYmÝ`mMr {nHo KoD Z gwê dmVrÀ`m XmoZ VmoS UrÀ`m e|Jm H mTë`mda nwT o dmTdbobm PmSmoam O{‘ZrV JmSy Z aã~r {nH m§gmRr {hadirMo IV åhUyZ Ë`mMm dmna H aVm `oVmo. {Jarnwîn (p½bar{gSr`m) : {Jarnwîn ho PwSw ndJu` PmS Amho. `m PmSmÀ`m {haì`m nmë`mnmgyZ VgoM H modù`m ’ m§ÚmnmgyZ CËH¥ ï àH maMo {hadirMo IV {‘iVo. `m nrH mÀ`m nmZm‘Ü`o 2.75% ZÌ, 0.5% ñ’w aX Am{U 2.8% nmbme AgVo. `m PmSmMr daModa NmQUr H aVm `oVo. H moUË`mhr àH maÀ`m O{‘Zr‘Ü`o VgoM {d{dY nO©Ý`‘mZ Agboë`m àXoemV ho PmS Mm§Jë`màH mao dmTVo. eoVmÀ`m ~m§Ymda, H ‘r gwnrH VoÀ`m O{‘Zr‘Ü`o VgoM nSrH O{‘Zr‘Ü`ohr `m PmSmMr dmT Mm§Jë`màH mao hmoD eH Vo. `m PmSmMo nwZê ËnmXZ {~`m§nmgyZ VgoM ‘Ü`‘ OwÝ`m ’ m§ÚmÀ`m NmQ H b‘mÛmao AJXr ghO[aË`m H aVm `oVo. NmQ H b‘o nmdgmir h§Jm‘ gwê Pmë`mZ§Va nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmè`m O{‘ZrV bmJdS Ho ë`mg Vm~SVmo~ ’w QVmV. {~`m§Ûmao bmJdS H am`Mr Agë`mg àW‘ Zg©ar‘Ü`o amono V`ma H amdrV. amono 25 Vo 30 go§.‘r.C§MrMr Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mMr bmJdS H amdr. amono 4-5 AmRdSçmV bmJdSrgmRr V`ma hmoVmV. Y¢Mm (gog~mZr`m) : Y¢Mm ho nrH e|JdJu` {hadirMo nrH åhUyZ VmJ `m {nH mÀ`m ImbmoImb `m {nH m§Mm OmñVrV OmñV dmna Ho bm OmVmo. `mÀ`m AZoH àOmVr AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H s {hadirÀ`m IVmgmRr àm‘w»`mZo dmnaÊ`mV `oUmè`m H mhr ‘hÎdmÀ`m àOmVr‘Yrb AÞKQH m§Mo à‘mU VmJ d {Jarnwîn `m§Mm VwbZmË‘H VŠVm H« . 2 ‘Ü`o {Xbm Amho. A) gog~mZr`m amoñQ´ mQm : hr Y¢MmMr d¡{eîQçnyU© àOmV Amho. H maU `m
nrH mÀ`m ‘wimda Am{U ImoS mdahr am`Pmo~r`‘À`m JmRr AmTiyZ `oVmV. ZÌ pñWarH aUmMo H m`© à{VHw b n[añWrVrV OmñV à‘mUmV Ho bo OmVo. Ë`m‘wio `m OmVr‘Ü`o ZÌmMo à‘mU gdm©V OmñV Amho. nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmè`m O{‘ZrV ‘wimdarb JmRrMo à‘mU OmñV AgVo. `m àOmVrMr dmT ’ maM PnmQçmZo hmoVo Am{U 45 Vo 50 {XdgmV gw{nH O{‘ZrV 22 Vo 25 QZ {hadirMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo. ~) gog~Zr`m A°Š`wboQ m : hr àOmV AmåbY‘u` d jma`wŠV Aem AZoH àH maÀ`m O{‘ZrV Am{U {d{dY hdm‘mZmV Mm§Jë`màH mao dmTy eH Vo `m {nH m§À`m ‘wimda ^anya JmRr AgVmV. øm àOmVrnmgyZ 45 Vo 50 {XdgmV 10 Vo 15 QZ {hadirMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo. H ) gog~mZr`m ñn°grAmogm : hr EH gm‘mÝ`àOmVr AgyZ gwadmVrg `mMr dmT hiy hmoVo. na§Vw Z§Va dmT ObX JVrZo hmoD Z 60 Vo 70 {Xdgm§Zr ho nrH O‘rZrV JmSÊ`m`mo½` hmoVo. hr àOmVr Adf©Umg àVrH maj‘ AgyZ bmJdS ~m§Ymda gwÕm H aVm `oVo. Y¢MmMr bmJdS nÕV : Y¢MmMr noaUr OyZ‘Ü`o n{hë`m nmdgmZ§Va Vm~SVmo~ H amdr. noaUr O{‘ZrMr ‘emJV H ê Z nm^arZo Amoir‘Ü`o Ho ë`mg {nH m§Mr dmT Mm§Jbr hmoVo. O‘rZrMr ‘emJV Z H aVm n{hbm nmD g nSë`mZ§Va Amoë`m O{‘ZrV nm^arZo AWdm Zm§JamnmRr‘mJo noaUr H ê Z gwÕm bmJdS H aVm `oVo `m nÕVrZo noaUr H aÊ`mg hoŠQar 40 Vo 50 {H bmo {~`mUo bmJVo. noaUrÀ`m doir 50 {H bmo ñ’w aX {Xë`mg Y¢MmMr dmT Omo‘mZo hmoVo. H SYmÝ` nrHo - CËH¥ ï {hadirMo IV : Mdir, CSrX, ‘wJ BË`mXr H SYmÝ` {nHo {hadirMo IV åhUyZ AË`§V Cn`wŠV Amho. H maU hr {nHo A{Ve` doJmZo dmTVmV Am{U 40 Vo 45 {XdgmV ’w bmoè`mV `oVmV. Ë`m‘wio XrS ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m H mbmdYr‘Ü`o {hadirMo IV åhUyZ O‘rZr‘Ü`o JmSVm `oVmV. BVa nma§nm[aH {hadirÀ`m {nH m§À`m VwbZoV `m nrH m§Mo hoŠQar nmë`mMo CËnÞ H ‘r amhVo. ‘wJ : ‘wJ ho ‘w»`V: YmÝ`mMo nrH AgyZ 60 Vo 70 {XdgmV V`ma hmoVo. ho nrH Iarn Am{U CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV `oVo. EH ar 3200 {H bmo g|{Ð`
{hadirMr IVo / 6
{hadirMr IVo / 7